DE102023132261A1 - Stator for an electrical machine, electrical machine for driving a vehicle and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

Stator (1) for an electrical machine (101), comprising a stator core (2) having slots (6, 6a-e), and a stator winding (7) with N ≥ 3 phases (U, V, W), each of which is arranged in winding zones (21a-f), wherein each phase (U, V, W) is formed by shaped conductors (8) having leg sections (9, 9a-d) arranged within the slots and each forming connecting sections (10, 11) that electrically conductively connect a pair of the leg sections (9, 9a-d) to one another at the end faces (4, 5), and at least one current path (14a-c) from the leg sections (9, 9a-d) connected in series by means of the connecting sections (10, 11),
the grooves (6, 6a-e) are subdivided into first to L-th layers (19a-f), which form first to (L/2)-th double layers (20a-c), where L ≥ 4 and is straight,
each winding zone (21a-f) in each of the layers (19a-f) extends over the first to the (q+a)-th of the slots (6a-e), in the odd-numbered layers (19a, 19c, 19e) from the first slot (6a) to the q-th slot (6c) and in the even-numbered layers (19b, 19d, 19f) from the (a+1)-th slot (6c) to the (q+a)-th slot (6e), where 1 ≤ a ≤ q-1, and
along each current path (14a-c), the leg sections (9, 9a-d) connected by one of the connecting sections (10) on the first end face (4) and arranged in adjacent winding zones (21a-f) of the same strand (U, V, W) are spaced from one another by at least two mutually different first numbers of slots (6, 6a-e).

Description

The present invention relates to a stator for an electrical machine, comprising a stator core having a longitudinal axis, a first end face, a second end face opposite the first end face, and a plurality of slots extending from the first end face to the second end face, and a stator winding having a number N of strands, where N ≥ 3, where each strand is formed by shaped conductors having leg sections arranged within the slots and forming connecting sections which each electrically conductively connect a pair of the leg sections at the end faces, and having at least one current path from the leg sections connected in series by means of the connecting sections, where the slots are subdivided into first to L-th layers, which are named according to their sequence in the radial direction and form first to (L/2)-th double layers from the (2i)-th and (2i-1)-th layers for all 1 ≤ i ≤ L/2, where L ≥ 4 and even wherein a respective strand is arranged in a plurality of winding zones within the slots, and each winding zone in each of the layers extends over a predetermined number q ≥ 2 of the slots, wherein each winding zone extends in the circumferential direction over the first to the (q+a)-th of the slots, which are named according to their sequence along a predetermined first orientation of the circumferential direction, in the odd-numbered layers from the first slot to the q-th slot, and in the even-numbered layers from the (a+1)-th slot to the (q+a)-th slot, wherein $$1\le \text{a}\le \text{q}-1.$$

The invention also relates to an electric machine for driving a vehicle and a vehicle.

The EP 3 859 947 A1 discloses a stator for a rotating electrical machine. The stator has a stator core with a plurality of slots and a stator winding for a plurality of phases. The stator winding has a plurality of wave-wound winding coils, each having a slot conductor in one of six or more slots of the stator core and a connecting conductor. The connecting conductor connects the same ends of slot conductors in different slots. The stator winding has a plurality of slot conductor groups that have a plurality of slot conductors of the same phase. The slot conductors of the slot conductor group are arranged in a predetermined number of slots, which is one more than the number of slots per pole and phase. In one of the slot conductor groups, the slot conductors are arranged in slots numbered 05 and 06 in the sixth, fourth, and second layers, and in positions numbered 04 and 05 in the fifth, third, and first layers.

The US 2003/0214196 A1 reveals another stator.

Stators with a stator winding formed from shaped conductors have become the focus of industrial development efforts, particularly in the field of automotive drives. If a respective strand is arranged in several winding zones within slots of a stator core and each winding zone in each of the layers extends over a predetermined number q ≥ 2 of the slots and each winding zone extends in the circumferential direction over the first to (q+a)-th of the slots, it can be provided that the winding zone extends in the odd-numbered layers from the first slot to the q-th slot and in the even-numbered layers from the (a+1)-th slot to the (q+a)-th slot, where $$1\le \text{a}\le \text{q}-1.$$

Figuratively speaking, the winding zones are then alternately offset by a slots from layer to layer, and each winding zone has up to q-1 slots, extending across all layers. This design of the winding zones allows for low torque ripple, good noise and vibration characteristics, and high efficiency when operating an electrical machine with the stator.

The invention is therefore based on the object of providing an improved, in particular production-friendly, design of a stator for an electrical machine.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a stator of the type mentioned at the outset, in which along each current path the leg sections connected by one of the connecting sections on the first end face and arranged in adjacent winding zones of the same strand are spaced from one another by at least two different first numbers of slots.

The stator for an electrical machine according to the invention comprises a stator core. The stator core has a longitudinal axis, a first end face, and a second end face. The second end face is opposite the first end face. The stator core further comprises slots. The slots extend from the first end face to the second end face.

The stator further comprises a stator winding. The stator winding comprises a number N of phases, where N ≥ 3. Each phase is connected by shaped conductors The shaped conductors have leg sections. The leg sections are arranged within the grooves. The shaped conductors form connecting sections. The connecting sections each electrically connect a pair of leg sections to one another at the end faces. Each strand further has a current path consisting of the leg sections connected in series by means of the connecting sections.

The slots are divided into first to L-th layers. The layers are named according to their order in the radial direction. The layers form first to (L/2)-th double layers from the (2i)-th and (2i-1)-th layers for all 1 ≤ i ≤ L/2. Here, L ≥ 4 and even. Each strand is arranged in several winding zones within the slots. Each winding zone extends in each of the layers over a predetermined number q ≥ 2 of the slots. Each winding zone extends in the circumferential direction over the first to (q+a)-th slots. The first to (q+a)-th slots are named according to their order along a predetermined first orientation of the circumferential direction. In the odd-numbered layers, each winding zone extends from the first slot to the q-th slot. In the even-numbered layers, each winding zone extends from the (a+1)th slot to the (q+a)th slot. Where 1 ≤ a ≤ q-1.

Along each current path, the leg sections connected by one of the connecting sections on the first end face and arranged in adjacent winding zones of the same strand are spaced apart from one another by at least two different first numbers of slots.

The invention is based on the idea of providing different spacings of the leg sections, which are connected to each other at the first end face, along the current path. In other words, the connecting sections at the first end face have at least two different jump widths. This creates additional design freedom for the configuration of the stator winding, which, in particular, makes it easier to manufacture the stator.

The terms "axial," "axial direction," "radial," "radial direction," and "circumferential direction" refer to the longitudinal axis. The specified first orientation of the circumferential direction can be clockwise or counterclockwise, viewed from the first end face.

The stator core is formed, in particular, from a plurality of axially stacked and/or electrically insulated individual laminations. The stator core can therefore also be considered or referred to as a stator lamination stack. The slots typically extend axially within the stator core.

The number of phases is preferably exactly three or exactly six. The phases can be connected in a star or delta configuration. Typically, each phase and/or each current path forms a wave winding.

The number of layers is preferably at most sixteen, particularly preferably at most twelve. In a preferred embodiment, L is exactly equal to four, six, or eight. The first layer can be the radially outermost or the radially innermost of the layers. L/2 can be odd. In this case, the stator offers the additional advantage over a conventional stator, in which the first to (L/2)-th layers are offset from the [(L/2)+1)]-th to L-th layers in the winding zones, that no special design of connecting sections connecting the leg sections arranged in the (L/2)-th and the [(L/2)+1)]-th layers is required.

In the stator according to the invention, each slot in each of the layers can form a receiving location for one of the leg sections. The receiving locations form, in particular, the winding zones. For each phase, first to (2·P)-th winding zones can be provided, where P ≥ 2. In particular, in a respective winding zone, the leg sections are traversed by the shaped conductors forming the phase in the same current direction when an N-phase alternating voltage is applied to the stator winding. In other words, a winding zone is a contiguous group of receiving locations that accommodates leg sections belonging to the same phase and through which current flows in the same current direction when an N-phase alternating voltage is applied to the stator winding.

Preferably, in the stator according to the invention, a second number of slots is provided by which the leg sections connected by one of the connecting sections on the second end face and arranged in adjacent winding zones of the same strand are spaced from one another.

Particularly preferably, the second number is always the same along the current path. This has the particular advantage that the production of the stator winding can be standardized and thus simplified with regard to the connection technology on the second end face, since leg sections spaced by an identical number of slots can always be connected. In detail, It can be seen that the second number is N qa or N q+a.

In a preferred embodiment of the stator according to the invention, the first number of connecting sections on the first end face that connect leg sections arranged in different layers of the same double layer is N q-a or N q+a. This means that for those sections of the current path in which the leg sections are located only within one double layer and alternately in the two layers of the double layer, a uniform spacing of the leg sections of N q-a or N q+a slots is provided.

In particular, the second number is N q-a if the first number is N q+a. If the first number is N q-a, the second number can be N q+a. This also allows for the adaptation of a winding overhang, i.e., the axial extension of winding heads, on the first or second end face to specific spatial design requirements of the stator. Thus, depending on the choice of the second number, the winding overhang on the second end face can be made longer or shorter.

In a preferred embodiment of the stator according to the invention, it can be provided that the current path of each of the strands has a first leg section with respect to the series connection, which is arranged in the first double layer, and a last leg section with respect to the series connection, and the current path, from the first leg section, occupies the double layers in the order of their designation along a predetermined second orientation of the circumferential direction. In other words, the current path, which is formed from the leg sections connected in series by means of the connecting sections, can have two outer leg sections with respect to this series connection, between which the remaining leg sections of the current path connected in series are located and are referred to as the first and last leg sections. The first leg section can be located in the first double layer, in particular in the first layer. Viewed from the first leg section, at least some of the remaining leg sections then occupy the winding zones in the circumferential direction along the second orientation. The second orientation can correspond to the first orientation or be opposite to it. The second orientation can therefore be clockwise or counterclockwise when viewed from the first end face.

In a preferred development, it is provided that the current path of the respective strand, after forming a first partial current path by covering the double layers in the order of their designation, forms a second partial current path by covering all double layers from the (L/2)th double layer to the last leg section along an orientation opposite to the predetermined second orientation. The current path can thus initially form the first partial current path by covering the winding zones along the second orientation as described above, and from one of the remaining leg sections to the last leg section, form the second partial current path, which is wound in the opposite direction to the first partial current path. In other words, such a current path has a deflection between the first and the second partial current path.

Preferably, the leg sections of the first partial current path and the second partial current path connected by one of the connecting sections are arranged in the same layer, in particular in the Lth layer. The connection of the first partial current path and the second partial current path is thus established by one of the connecting sections, in particular one of the connecting sections on the first end face, which connects two leg sections arranged in the same layer but in different winding zones. All other connecting sections of the current path preferably connect leg sections arranged in different layers.

In an advantageous embodiment, the first number in the connecting section which connects the first partial flow path to the second partial flow path differs from the first number in the connecting sections which connect leg sections arranged in different double layers to one another.

It can also be provided that the first number of connecting sections that interconnect leg sections arranged in different double layers differs from the first number of connecting sections that interconnect leg sections arranged in different layers of the same double layer. Therefore, if there is a change in the double layer along the current path, a different spacing can be provided between these leg sections arranged in different double layers than between leg sections arranged in different layers of the same double layer.

According to a preferred embodiment of the stator according to the invention, a ≥ 2. Thus, a can be, for example, two, three, four, five or six.

Preferably, in the stator according to the invention, several current paths are provided for each strand that are connected or switchable in parallel or series. The number of current paths in the string can be q.

The stator may have a connection device which connects the current paths of a respective phase in parallel or in series and/or forms phase connections and/or connects the phases of a star connection or delta connection.

Preferably, the connecting sections on the first end face are each formed integrally with the leg sections connected by them. Such a structural unit comprising the connecting section and leg sections is also referred to as a U-pin.

Preferably, connecting sections are each formed on the second end face by electrically conductive and mechanical, in particular material-to-material, connection of the leg sections connected by them. In particular, if the second number is the same, the process of material-to-material connection, in particular welding of the leg sections, on the second end face can be considerably simplified. This is particularly advantageous compared to the conventional design described above, in which L/2 is odd and the leg sections arranged in the (L/2)-th and the [(L/2)+1)]-th must be produced by a welded connection with a jump width that differs from the other welded connections.

The first leg section and the last leg section of a respective current path can be connected to their adjacent leg section in the series circuit by a connecting section on the second end face. The first and last leg sections can then also be referred to as I-pins.

The object underlying the invention is also achieved by an electric machine for driving a vehicle, comprising a previously described stator and a rotor rotatably mounted relative to the stator. The electric machine can be a synchronous machine. The rotor can be permanently excited or electrically excited. Alternatively, the electric machine can be an asynchronous machine. The electric machine is preferably configured to drive a vehicle.

The object underlying the invention is further achieved by a vehicle comprising an electric machine as described above for driving the vehicle. The vehicle can be a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or a hybrid vehicle.

• 1 eine Prinzipskizze eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Stators;
• 2 ein Blockschaltbild der Statorwicklung gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 3 ein Wicklungsschema der Statorwicklung gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 4 ein Wicklungsschema des ersten Strompfads einer der Phasen gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 5 eine Prinzipskizze eines Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugs mit einem Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Maschine.

Further advantages and details of the present invention will become apparent from the exemplary embodiments described below and from the drawings. These are schematic representations and show:

• 1 a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a stator according to the invention;
• 2 a block diagram of the stator winding according to the embodiment;
• 3 a winding diagram of the stator winding according to the embodiment;
• 4 a winding diagram of the first current path of one of the phases according to the embodiment;
• 5 a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the vehicle according to the invention with an embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention.

1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a stator 1.

The stator 1 has a stator core 2, which has a longitudinal axis 3, a first end face 4 and a second end face 5 opposite the end face 4. A plurality of grooves 6 of the stator core 2, distributed in the circumferential direction, extend from the first end face 4 to the second end face 5, of which 1 only two are shown schematically. The stator core 2 is formed, by way of example, from a plurality of axially layered, mutually electrically insulated individual laminations (not shown), so that it can also be referred to or considered as a stator lamination stack.

The stator 1 further comprises a stator winding 7, which in the present embodiment comprises N = 3 strands U, V, W (see 2 ). Each strand U, V, W is formed by shaped conductors 8 which have leg sections 9 arranged within the slots 6. The shaped conductors 8 further form first connecting sections 10 on the first end face 4 and second connecting sections 11 on the second end face 5. Each connecting section 10, 11 connects a pair of leg sections 9 arranged in different slots 6. The connecting sections 10, 11 on a respective end face 4, 5 form a winding head 12, 13 on the corresponding end face 4, 5.

In detail, at least one part of the shaped conductor 8 has two leg sections 9, which are formed integrally with the connecting section 10 connecting them on the first end face 4. On the second end face 5, the connecting sections 11 are formed by mechanically and electrically conductively connecting the leg sections 9 of two shaped conductors 8 made of formed. In 1 only one shaped conductor 8 is shown completely and two other shaped conductors 8, which each form one of the connecting sections 11 on the second end face 5 with it, are shown schematically.

2 is a block diagram of the stator winding 7 according to the first embodiment.

In the present embodiment, each phase U, V, W has three current paths 14a, 14b, 14c from the leg sections 9 connected in series by means of the connecting sections 10, 11. Each current path 14a, 14b, 14c has a first partial current path 15a and a second partial current path 15b, which are connected in series. By interconnecting by means of a 1 In the connection device 16, which is only shown schematically, the current paths 14a, 14b, 14c of a respective phase U, V, W are connected in parallel. Phase connections 17u, 17v, 17w are also formed by the connection device 16, and the phases U, V, W are connected to form a star connection with a star point 18. According to alternative embodiments, the current paths 14a, 14b, 14c are connected in series and/or the phases U, V, W are connected to form a delta connection.

3 is a winding diagram of the stator winding 7 according to the first exemplary embodiment. In an upper table, receiving locations for the leg sections 9 of the phases U, V, W are represented by different hatching. The three lower tables show the respective winding diagrams of the current paths 14a, 14b, 14c of the phase U. The connecting sections 10 on the first end face 4 are represented by dashed arrows between the receiving locations in which the leg sections 9 connected by the respective connecting section 10 are arranged, and connecting sections 11 on the second end face 5 are represented by solid arrows between the receiving locations in which the leg sections 9 connected by the respective connecting section 11 are arranged. A numbering of the slots 6 is shown between the upper table and the three lower tables.

Each of the grooves 6 is subdivided into an even number of L layers 19a to 19f, with L = 6 in the present exemplary embodiment. The layers 19a to 19f are named the first to sixth (= L-th) layers according to their order in the radial direction. For example, the first layer 19a is the radially outermost layer and the sixth layer 19f is the radially innermost layer. In addition, the grooves 6 are subdivided into first to third [= (L/2)-th)] double layers 20a to 20c. The i-th double layer 20a to 20c is formed from the (2i)-th and (2i-1)-th layers 19a to 19f for all 1 ≤ i ≤ L/2 = 3. This means that the first double layer 20a comprises the first layer 19a and the second layer 19b, the second double layer 20b comprises the third layer 19c and the fourth layer 19d, and the third double layer 20c comprises the fifth layer 19e and the sixth layer 19f. In each groove 6, one of the layers 19a to 19f of the groove 6 forms a receiving location.

A respective strand U, V, W is further arranged in several winding zones 21a to 21f within the slots 6, wherein in 3 only the winding zones 21a to 21f of the phase U are provided with reference symbols. A winding zone 21a to 21f is a connected group of receiving locations that accommodate leg sections 9 belonging to the same phase U, V, W and through which current flows in the same direction when an alternating voltage is applied to the stator winding 7. The number of winding zones 21a to 21f of a phase U, V, W corresponds to the number of poles P of the stator winding 9, with P = 6 poles being provided by way of example in the present exemplary embodiment. In each individual layer 19a to 19f, each of the winding zones 21a to 21f extends over q = 3 slots. Each winding zone 21a to 21f as a whole extends in the circumferential direction over five (= q+a) slots 6. This means that in this case a = 2 and 1 ≤ a ≤ q-1 applies.

In 1 and 3 The clockwise direction 22 and the counterclockwise direction 23, viewed from the first end face 4 of the stator core 2, are represented by arrows. The winding zones 21a to 21f are designated here as the first to sixth winding zones 21a to 21f according to their sequence along the clockwise direction 22.

The slots 6, over which a respective winding zone 21a to 21f extends, are named as first to fifth slots 6a to 6e according to their sequence along a predetermined first orientation 24. The first orientation 24 here corresponds to the counterclockwise direction 23. In the odd-numbered layers 19a, 19c, 19e, each winding zone 21a to 21f extends from the first slot 6a to the third (= q-th) slot 6c. In the even-numbered layers 19b, 19d, 19f, each winding zone 21a to 21f extends from the third [= (a+1)-th] slot 6c to the fifth [= (q+a)-th] slot 6e. For reasons of clarity, 3 only the slots 6 encompassed by the fourth winding zone 21d are provided with reference symbols as the first slot 6a to the fifth slot 6e.

4 is a winding diagram of the first current path 14a of phase U according to the first embodiment.

It can be seen that the first number of slots 6, by which the leg sections 9 connected by one of the connecting sections 10 (dashed arrows) and arranged in adjacent winding zones 21a to 21f of the same phase U are spaced from one another, has different values along the current path 14a. In the present embodiment, the values of the first number are ten, eleven, and thirteen.

A second number of slots 6, by which the leg sections 9 connected by one of the connecting sections 11 (solid arrows) and arranged in adjacent winding zones 21a to 21f of the same phase are spaced from one another, is equal along the current path 14a and, in this case, amounts to seven. The second number corresponds to N q-a = 3 3-2 = 7.

The current path 14a has a first leg section 9a with respect to the series connection, which is arranged in the first double layer 20a, and a last leg section 9b with respect to the series connection. By covering each of the double layers 20a to 20c along a predetermined second orientation 25a, which here corresponds to the clockwise direction 22, from the first leg section 9a toward the last leg section 9b, the current path 14a forms the first partial current path 15a. In each of the double layers 20a to 20c, all winding zones 21a to 21f are covered along the second orientation 25a. The double layers 20a to 20c are covered according to their designation. This means that firstly all winding zones 21a to 21f in the first double layer 20a are occupied by the first partial current path 15a along the second orientation 25a, then all winding zones 21a to 21f in the second double layer 20b are occupied by the first partial current path 15a along the second orientation 25a and then all winding zones 21a to 21f in the third double layer 20c are occupied along the second orientation 25a.

After forming the first partial current path 15a, the current path 14a is formed by covering all double layers 20a to 20c from the third [= (L/2)-th] double layer 20c to the last leg section 9b along an orientation 25b opposite to the second predetermined orientation 25a. The double layers are covered in the reverse order of their designation. This means that firstly all winding zones 21a to 21f in the third double layer 20c are occupied by the second partial current path 15b along the orientation 25b opposite to the second orientation 25a, then all winding zones 21a to 21f in the second double layer 20b are occupied by the second partial current path 15b along the orientation 25b opposite to the second orientation 25a and then all winding zones 21a to 21f in the first double layer 20a are occupied along the orientation 25b opposite to the second orientation 25a.

The leg sections 9c, 9d of the first partial flow path 15a and the second partial flow path 15b, which are connected by one of the connecting sections 10, are arranged in the sixth (=L-th) layer 19f. This connecting section 10 is formed by the upper and lower table in 4 connecting dashed arrow.

How 4 As can be seen with regard to the first current path 14a, the first number for such connecting sections 10 which connect leg sections 9 arranged in different layers 19a to 19f of the same double layer 20a to 20c is N q + a = 3 3 + 2 = 11. For the connecting section 10 which connects the leg sections 9c, 9d arranged in the same layer in the sixth layer 19f, the first number is also N q + a = 3 3 + 2 = 11. For such connecting sections 10 which connect leg sections 9 arranged in different double layers 20a to 20c, the first number in the first partial current path 15a is N q + a-1 = 3 3 + 2-1 = 10. In the second partial current path 15b, the first number for such connecting sections 10 which are arranged in different double layers 20a to 20c arranged leg sections 9 connect, N·q+a-1 = 3·3+2-1 = 10 or N·q+a+2 = 3·3+2+2 = 13.

Again with reference to 3 It can be seen that in the second and third current paths 14b, 14c, the first number of connecting sections 10 which connect leg sections 9 arranged in different layers 19a to 19f of the same double layer 20a to 20c is also N·q+a = 3·3+2 = 11.

In the connecting section 10, which in the sixth layer 19f connects the leg sections 9c, 9d arranged in the same layer, the first number in the second current path 14b is N·q-a = 3·3-2 = 7 and in the third current path 14c N·q = 3·3 = 9.

For such connecting sections 10 that connect leg sections 9 arranged in different double layers 20a to 20c, the first number in the first partial current path 15a of the second current path 14b is N q + a-1 = 3 3 + 2-1 = 10 or N q + a + 2 = 3 3 + 2 + 2 = 13. In the second partial current path 15b of the second current path 14b, the first number for such connecting sections 10 that connect leg sections 9 arranged in different double layers 20a to 20c is N q + a-1 = 3 3 + 2-1 = 10.

In such connecting sections 10, which are arranged in different double layers 20a to 20c arranged leg sections 9, the first number in the first partial current path 15a and in the second partial current path 15b of the third current path 14c is N·q+a-1 = 3·3+2-1 = 10 and N·q+a+2 = 3·3+2+2 = 13, respectively.

According to further embodiments, it can be provided that q = 2 and a = 1 or that q = 3 and a = 1. Likewise, the number L of layers can be any even number greater than four and/or the number P of poles can be any even number greater than four.

5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle 100 with an embodiment of an electric machine 101.

The electric machine 101, for example a permanent or electrically excited synchronous motor or an asynchronous motor, has a stator 1 according to one of the previously described embodiments and a rotor 102. The rotor 102 is rotatably mounted with respect to the stator 1.

The vehicle 100 further comprises wheels 103. The electric machine 101 is configured to drive at least one of the wheels 103 indirectly, for example via a transmission (not shown), or directly, for example in the form of a wheel hub motor. The vehicle 100 may further comprise an axle (not shown) coupled to the wheel 103, which axle drives the electric machine 101 of the vehicle 101 directly or indirectly.

The vehicle 100 is a battery electric vehicle (BEV), a fuel cell-powered vehicle, or a hybrid vehicle. In the latter case, the vehicle 100 further includes an internal combustion engine (not shown).

QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 3 859 947 A1 [0003]
• US 2003/0214196 A1 [0004]

Claims (15)

Stator (1) for an electrical machine (101), comprising a stator core (2) which has a longitudinal axis (3), a first end face (4), a second end face (5) opposite the first end face (4), and a plurality of slots (6, 6a-e) which extend from the first end face (4) to the second end face (5), and a stator winding (7) which has a number N of strands (U, V, W), where N ≥ 3, where - each strand (U, V, W) is formed by shaped conductors (8) which have leg sections (9, 9a-d) arranged within the slots and form connecting sections (10, 11) which each electrically conductively connect a pair of the leg sections (9, 9a-d) to one another at the end faces (4, 5), and at least one current path (14a-c) from the strands arranged in series by means of the connecting sections (10, 11) connected leg sections (9, 9a-d), wherein - the slots (6, 6a-e) are subdivided into first to L-th layers (19a-f), which are named according to their sequence in the radial direction and form first to (L/2)-th double layers (20a-c) from the (2i)-th and (2i-1)-th layers (19a-f) for all 1 ≤ i ≤ L/2, where L ≥ 4 and is straight, wherein - a respective strand (U, V, W) is arranged in several winding zones (21a-f) within the slots (6, 6a-e) and each winding zone (21a-f) in each of the layers (19a-f) extends over a predetermined number q ≥ 2 of the slots (6, 6a-e), where - each winding zone (21a-f) in the circumferential direction over the first to the (q+a)-th of the grooves (6a-e), which are named according to their sequence along a predetermined first orientation (24) of the circumferential direction, in the odd-numbered layers (19a, 19c, 19e) from the first groove (6a) to the q-th groove (6c) and in the even-numbered layers (19b, 19d, 19f) from the (a+1)-th groove (6c) to the (q+a)-th groove (6e), wherein $$1\le \text{a}\le \text{q}-\mathrm{1,}$$

characterized in that along each current path (14a-c) the leg sections (9, 9a-d) connected by one of the connecting sections (10) on the first end face (4) and arranged in adjacent winding zones (21a-f) of the same strand (U, V, W) are spaced from one another by at least two different first numbers of grooves (6, 6a-e). Stator after Claim 1 , wherein a second number of grooves (6, 6a-e) by which the leg sections (9, 9a-d) connected by one of the connecting sections (11) on the second end face (5) and arranged in adjacent winding zones (21a-f) of the same strand (U, V, W) are spaced from one another is the same along the current path (14a-f). Stator after Claim 2 , where the second number is N·qa or N·q+a. Stator after Claim 1 or 2 , wherein the first number of such connecting sections (10) on the first end face (4) which connect leg sections (9, 9a-d) arranged in different layers (19a-f) of the same double layer (20a-c) is N qa or N q+a. Stator after Claim 4 , if dependent on Claim 2 , where the second number is N qa when the first number is N q+a, and N q+a when the first number is N qa. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the current path (14a-c) of a respective one of the strands (U, V, W) has a first leg section (9a) with respect to the series connection, which is arranged in the first double layer (20a), and a last leg section (9b) with respect to the series connection, and the current path (14a-c) occupies the double layers (20a-c) from the first leg section (9a) in the order of their designation along a predetermined second orientation (25a) of the circumferential direction. Stator after Claim 6 , wherein the current path (14a-c) of the respective strand (U, V, W), after forming a first partial current path (15a) by covering the double layers (20a-c) in the order of their naming, forms a second partial current path (15b) by covering all double layers (20a-c) from the (L/2)-th double layer (20c) to the last leg section (9b) along an orientation (25b) opposite to the predetermined second orientation (25a). Stator after Claim 7 , wherein the leg sections (9c, 9d) of the first partial flow path (15a) and the second partial flow path (15b) connected by one of the connecting sections (10) are arranged in the same layer (19f), in particular in the L-th layer (19f). Stator after Claim 7 or 8 , wherein the first number in the connecting section (10) which connects the first partial flow path (15a) to the second partial flow path (15b) differs from the first number in the connecting sections (10) which connect leg sections (9) arranged in different double layers (20a-c) to one another. Stator according to one of the claims Claim 6 until 9 , wherein the first number is in the connecting sections (10) which are in different Double layers (20a-c) arranged leg sections (9) to one another, differs from the first number in the case of the connecting sections (10), which connect leg sections (9, 9a, 9b) arranged in different layers (19a-f) of the same double layer (20a-c). Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a ≥ 2. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein for each phase (U, V, W) a plurality of current paths (14a-c) are provided which are or can be connected in parallel or in series. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - the connecting sections (10) on the first end face (4) are each formed integrally with the leg sections (9, 9c, 9d) connected by them, and/or - the connecting sections (11) on the second end face (5) are each formed by electrically conductive and mechanical, in particular materially bonding, connection of the leg sections (9, 9a-d) connected by them. Electric machine (101) for driving a vehicle (100), comprising a stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims and a rotor (102) rotatably mounted with respect to the stator (1). Vehicle (100), comprising an electric machine (101) for driving the vehicle (100) according to Claim 14 .

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