DE112009005323B4 - Hebelarmprüfmaschine - Google Patents

Abstract

Hebelarmprüfmaschine (1), with a test force (FP) as Zugprüfkraft on a test sample (65), is applied, characterized in that at least one bearing (67) comprises a flexurally elastic bearing joint (69, 71, 73, 75, 77), wherein a lever arm (25) of the Hebelarmprüfmaschine (1) with the flexurally elastic bearing joint (69, 71, 73, 75, 77) is mounted.

Description

The present invention relates to a Hebelarmprüfmaschine according to the preamble of claim 1. Next, it relates to a test method according to the preamble of claim 16th

For materials testing, a wide variety of processes and apparatus are used to test material properties. The present invention is concerned with Hebelarmprüfmaschinen as they are used in material testing, especially for tensile and creep. In the creep test of materials, a distinction is made between the creep test, time-lapse test and stress relaxation test. In the creep test, the deformation of the material is determined as a function of time at a constant temperature and load. The time-lapse tear test examines slopes of materials breaking under overload conditions. The stress relaxation test is similar to the creep test - the strain is kept constant, but the load decreases.

The test procedures, the test requirements and the acceptable errors during the test are described in many standards, eg. In ISO 7500-1 for many European countries, ASTM E 292 and ASTM E 1012 for the USA. As an important criterion that results from the standards, the axiality in the measurement or testing is observed.

In Hebelarmprüfmaschinen a lever arm is acted upon at its one end with a weight that is adjustable, and at the other end of the test sample is attached. The weight is transmitted as test load to the test sample via the lever arm. Due to the force, the test sample undergoes a change in length, depending on the creep properties of the material to be tested. Frequently, in such Hebelarmprüfmaschinen one lever arm is longer than the other, in order to achieve high test loads with lower weight forces.

In known Hebelarmprüfmaschinen essentially two types are known, on which the lever arm is mounted. In one version, for example, in the FR 2 918 173 A1 (Applicant: Snecma SA, filing date: 28.06.2007), GB 670,106 A (Applicant: Power Jets Ltd, filing date: 26.05.1949) and Fig. 1 of the DE 41 34 743 A1 (Applicant: Igenwert GmbH, filing date: 21.10.1991) is described, the lever arm is rotatably mounted on a bolt or a shaft. In picture 2 the DE 41 34 743 A1 , in the GB 939,310 A (Applicant: The British Iron and Steel Research Association, filing date: 02.03.1959) and in the product description of the 2300/2400/2500 lever arm tester range of Applied Test System Inc. (available at http://www.atspa.com/2300_r2.pdf ) a bearing joint is used, which is known as a cutting socket. In this case, a cutting edge is provided by one part of the bearing and a corresponding receptacle is provided by the other bearing part. The cutting edge ensures the mobility of the lever arm, because it is rotatably mounted on the cutting edge on the counterpart, the recording.

The known Hebelarmlagergelenke have various disadvantages. In a shaft bearing high friction during the rotational movements of the lever arm is given. Because of the relatively large contact surface friction is great. Lubrication of the shaft bearing are unusual. Because only the same area of the shaft is always loaded, it comes very quickly to wear. Although the precision of the cutting cup bearing is better than that of shaft bearings, the problem of wear is even more pronounced. By transferring all forces via the cutting edge, very large pressure forces act on the cutting edge, whereby the cutting edge is removed. As a result, in turn, the bearing surface of the lever arm is larger, whereby the friction increases, which leads to losses of the force to be transmitted and thus to measurement inaccuracy, especially in the course of the test bench operation. Therefore, the testing machine of Applied Test Systems Inc. is provided with a four-cutting element. Once the first cutting edge has been removed, the 4-cutting element is rotated one more position and a new cutting edge is available. Because the counterpart to the cutting edge, the pan, which is designed as a pointed groove in the testing machine of Applied Test Systems Inc., is subject to wear, the pan is replaceable. It is readily apparent that despite these adjustments, the problem of wear has not been solved.

From the DE 32 44 464 C1 (Applicant: J. Leger, Dipl.-Ing., Filing date: 01.12.1982) is a material and component testing machine for generating arbitrarily time-varying bending and torsional stresses in preferably rod-shaped specimens known. The types of stress under consideration can act independently on the test specimen. A bending force can be transmitted to a sample by means of a universal joint, which consists of a spring joint. A torsional force is transmitted via a lever arm comprising a leaf spring to a shaft which is firmly connected to the sample.

From the DE 43 32 691 A1 (Applicant: Carl Schenck AG, filing date: 29.09.1993) is a bending moment-free clamping for samples in testing machines by means of a cross spring joint known.

The DE 28 39 373 (Applicant: Carl Schenck AG, filing date: 09.09.1978) is directed to a bearing of a force introduction element for the recording and measurement of force components in a measurement plane, such as for the aerodynamic measurement of vehicles in a wind tunnel.

Other aspects of testing machines are z. B. in pamphlets US 2 346 981 A (Applicant: MJ Manjoine et al., Filing date: 05.12.1940), US 2002/144556 A1 (Applicant: K. Hasegawa, filing date: 20.03.2002), US 3,384,424 A (Applicant: DB Raines, filing date: 25.03.1964), US 2 748 597 A (Applicant: LF Kooistra, filing date: 11.10.1952), US 3,390,573 A (Applicant: NP Ivanovic, filing date: 20.10.1965), FR 2 918 173 A1 (Applicant: SNECMA Soc. Anonyme, filing date: 28.06.2007), GB 670 106 A (Applicant: Power Jets Ltd, filing date: 26.05.1949) and GB 939 310 A (Applicant: British Iron and Steel Research Association, filing date: 02.03.1959).

Object of the present invention is therefore to improve known Hebelarmprüfmaschinen so that a high test precision is permanent and wear and friction losses are reduced.

This object is achieved by a Hebelarmprüfmaschine according to claim 1 and by a test method according to claim 16. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

A Hebelarmprüfmaschine is used to apply with the help of, for example, dead weights, spring loads, single spindles or double spindles a test force on a test sample. The test load is applied to the test specimen to perform creep tests, such as creep rupture, time-lapse cracks or stress relaxation tests, on the test specimen and to determine the elastic, plastic or thermal behavior of a test specimen, e.g. B. from a metallic material to investigate. The results are often recorded in creep diagrams and tell designers how to use the selected material and where its load limits are. A lever testing machine according to the invention can be used advantageously as Hebelarmzeitstandprüfmaschine, because in these it depends on the long-term, reproducible test management. The test load should be applied to the test sample, among other things as a tensile test. As test samples are metallic material samples, woods, plastics and other materials into consideration.

In the Hebelarmprüfmaschinen the testing machine has emerged with an overhead lever arm as particularly advantageous. The sample is below the lever arm. The lever arm is used to convert an initiating force to a test force, i. h., usually reinforce. The pull on one side of the lever arm is introduced into the sample on the other side of the lever arm as test load. For this reason, at least the lever arm is movable to store.

The Hebelarmprüfmaschine has at least one bearing. The bearing is advantageously a flexurally elastic bearing joint. As already briefly mentioned above and as will be discussed below, the bearing of the lever arm has an influence on the measurement accuracy and the reproducibility of the test result. If the lever arm of the Hebelarmprüfmaschine stored by means of a flexurally elastic bearing joint, it has been shown that the error influence is reduced due to the storage.

If an inventive method is used in the operation of a corresponding Hebelarmprüfmaschine, the measurements are improved. In the test method, an initiating force is not applied directly to the test sample, but for the test sample, an initiating force is converted to a test force via the lever arm. As stated above, can be using an advantageous storage, the measurement accuracy, z. In a previously discussed Hebelarmprüfmaschine increase. It is advantageous if the test load is introduced as true as possible. For as unadulterated test force, it is important that the wear, especially over time, remains small. An undisturbed test load also contributes, if the test force can be introduced into the test sample as frictionless as possible. The invention contributes to the fact that - generally speaking - a wear-free and a frictionless storage in a corresponding Hebelarmprüfmaschine can be spoken, because the wear and the friction in the bearings remains low for a long time. The test load is unadulterated if it can be initiated exempted from shear force components. Transverse force components can be caused by deflections or discharges. If the bearing is realized by means of a flexurally elastic element, the element prevents the additional adulteration by lateral force components that can be caused by the bearing of the lever arm, the sample or by the initiation of the initiating force. If the test sample is placed in the direction of gravity, the test load should be introduced into the test sample in an axially aligned manner. If the lateral force components are hidden, the introduced force is introduced into the lever arm directly and completely as a test force in the test sample. The set force, which is introduced as an initiating force in the lever arm, comes with their gear ratio almost completely as test load in the test sample.

In this context, it is advantageous if at least one bearing element, in particular the bearing element for the central suspension of the lever arm, a flexurally elastic bearing element. The flexurally elastic bearing element can be installed in a Hebelarmprüfmaschine. The flexurally elastic bearing element acts like a block. As a block, all forms are called, which exist contiguous, z. B. as cylinders, rods, cuboids, rectangles or cubes. The block has a longitudinal extent. The longitudinal extent thus has a longitudinal direction. Over the longitudinal direction, a force is transmitted. The longitudinal direction is thus the main force direction. The block also has a transverse extension. The transverse extent is not equal at all points of the block. The transverse extent occurs along the longitudinal direction with different widths.

The different widths are shaped so that at least one point a web can be seen. The bridge has the narrowest width in the block. The bridge is created by rejuvenating shaping. The bridge is so narrow that at the expected forces the bearing joint in the region of the web can make a bend. The rejuvenations can follow the structure of a half shell. For this purpose cuts can be made in the block. The half-shells are filled to a certain extent with material. The filler serves as a stop limit. The stop limit is in a section of its surface of the sectional shape, d. H. imitated in particular the half shells. The shaping of the tracking limit stops prevent the block in its rotational mobility. The disability is present in particular in transverse extent. For this purpose, the stop limit can be formed in one piece. The stop limit is a piece of the bearing element or the bearing joint.

As advantageous turned out a bearing joint whose web width corresponded to about 1/15 to 1/35 of the total height of the block. Each of the two cuts to the bridge formation is preferred as a horizontal section, d. H. transverse to the longitudinal extent of the block, to which a circular arc segment connects realized. The horizontal section preferably has a length of about 1/3 to 1/10 of the total height of the block and is thus about 3 to 8 times as long as the bridge is wide. The radius of the arc segment depends on the length of the horizontal cut, the web width and the height of the block. It proved to be advantageous if the radius corresponds to 0.5-1.5 times the height of the block. The cutting width will depend on the desired bend, as this provides a stop. It turned out to be advantageous if the section is narrower than or at most as wide as the bridge, z. B. 20-80% of the web width.

The gear ratio of the lever arm according to a preferred embodiment is between 1:10 and 1:50. About such lever arms test forces of z. B. 2500 kN be initiated. The other known bearings of a lever arm do not allow such high testing forces in the required accuracy classes.

The Hebelarmprüfmaschine invention shows lower error influences. In the critical long-term studies can be assumed that a virtually wear-free storage. The caused by the storage error components in the measurement result are advantageous not generated by the skillful storage.

Advantageous developments can be found in the following versions.

The flexurally elastic bearing joint has a, at least one point constricted power transmission block. The power transmission block is tapered in a constriction direction by the formation of a web. About the power transmission block, a test force can be transmitted in a direction transverse to the constriction direction of force transmission, z. B. on subsequently arranged in the direction of force test sample.

It is advantageous if the power transmission block has its longest extent in the power transmission direction.

The Hebelarmprüfmaschine has in one embodiment a lever arm, which spans the test sample from above. The lever arm is suspended so that it can be operated with two different lever arm lengths. The lever arm is pivotally mounted about a pivot point, each extending to one side about the pivot point, a lever arm. The pivot point is located in the web of the power transmission block.

In a Hebelarmprüfungsmaschine are usually provided several moving points. Therefore, there are different joints. The joints can be designed differently. A joint can be a ball joint. A joint can be a flexurally elastic bearing joint. If the lever arm is mounted by means of a flexurally elastic bearing joint, further flexurally elastic bearing elements can be provided laterally, in particular engaging in the lever arm. Each individual flexurally elastic bearing element can have its own web. The ridges of the power transmission blocks should be strung together in a single plane to achieve particular benefits with their pivots when they are extend over a common axis. On the lever arm, the power transmission blocks are present so that these forces can be in or out.

The lever arm of the Hebelarmprüfmaschine is suspended so that it is arranged to move against gravity. For this purpose, different storage methods are conceivable. As a storage location, the traverse can be used, which holds the Hebelarmprüfmaschine from the top together. It is advantageous if the lever arm is mounted against the gravity of the cross member, that is, the storage does not take place on the side of the lever arm, which is directed towards the ground, but in the opposite direction, so to speak in the direction of the "Sky". Gravity pulls in this view down, the storage is upward.

The Traverse can be on columns, z. B. on corner posts, fasten. The corner pillars enclose the test room. The test room is located between the columns, which open into the corners of the truss. At the traverse the lever arm is suspended in its fulcrum.

On the lever arm means for introducing and discharging forces, such as an initiating force and the test force, attached. Such means may be trays, chains, rods, rods and other power transmission means. In the lever arm and out of the lever arm, the introduction and discharge of the force via the lever arm on the gravity side of the lever arm, so down.

The flexurally elastic bearing joint is in an advantageous embodiment, a at least one point to a web constricted power transmission block. The bridge is z. B. formed by converging circular arcs. The circular arcs may be eroded into the power block

Preferably, the circular arcs act like cuts. The cuts are made in the power transmission block. At a first glance, the power transmission block acts like a solid block in which cuts are made at selected locations to form motion spaces. Thus, the block-like outer dimensions of the power transmission block are maintained. Thus, parallel to the web, separated by a gap distance, material originally originating from the power train itself remains as an obstruction block. The obstruction block creates a bending limit for the elastic bearing joint.

In the Hebelarmprüfmaschine two central axes can be detected. An axis passes through the lever arm. An axis passes through the test room. The two axes can be referred to as horizontal and axial axis. The horizontal axis runs in the lever arm. And the axial axis passes through the test sample. Arranged on the axes, ie along the axes, individual flexurally elastic joints are arranged. Horizontal and axial deflections can be compensated by a cooperation of the flexurally elastic bearing joints (to a certain extent). During this time, a leverage of the test load with the aid of the lever arm remains advantageous.

In a Hebelarmprüfmaschine a flexurally elastic bearing joint may be a force transmission element, in which a longitudinal direction is guided over a tapering point, the buckling movement is braked by at least one, present at the side of the taper, connected to one side of the power transmission element stop arch. The stop arc as part of the power transmission element limits the maximum deflection.

Preferably, the stop sheet has a similar curvature as the tapers that make up the web. The incision progresses towards the rejuvenation site. The stop sheet can be the same material as the rest of the block. For example, the stop sheet may be made of a heat treated tool steel. The stop sheet can be integrally formed as part of the force transmission element from this.

The Hebelarmprüfmaschine has the test room at a medium altitude, z. B. in handling height. Above the test room, which is intended to receive the test sample, a spherical joint is arranged. This means that not all joints are completely identical. The ball-like joint can be located between the lever arm and the test room. Thus, in one embodiment, the Hebelarmprüfmaschine be regarded as a collection of different joints. A joint is a corresponding block, which represents a flexurally elastic bearing joint.

Also, in addition, an oven may be present. Temperature tests can be carried out with the oven. In an advantageous Hebelarmprüfmaschine the test room in which the test sample is to be mounted stationary, enclosed by a test room enclosing furnace. The oven can in turn be attached to the corner pillars. The oven is used to temper the sample. The joints are advantageously arranged outside the furnace.

It is advantageous if at least two of the flexurally elastic joints in parallel in inverted orientations, z. B. within the lever arm are arranged. Inside means that one essential part lies in the lever arm. The pivot points of the flexurally elastic joints may be located at one of the thinnest points in the flexurally elastic joints.

The introduction force should be adjustable. So different test profiles can be applied to a sample. The introduction force is introduced via a traction means, such as a chain or a rod, parallel to a test direction in the lever arm. The lever arm offers the transmission ratio, which consists of two lever arm lengths. In each case a lever arm length is located on one side of the pivot point (the central pivot point). The test force, which is in particular higher than the introduction force, results from the introduction force multiplied by the ratio of the lever arm.

For the further considerations, it is advantageous if the deviations from the axiality are broken down according to their causes of error. This makes it possible to distinguish between geometry errors and sample errors. A sample error can have many causes. A cause can z. B. are that the thread to which the sample is attached, have been cut with a slope, so that the sample is not completely in the axial extension of the Prüfkraftrichtung. In addition, in thermal tests, the sample can cause Verzwängungen. The term "sample error" refers to spatial deviations from the axial direction in the load on the sample. The term "geometry error" refers to errors that z. B. caused by the rocking or rotary movement of the lever arm. With the term "geometry error" can also detect such error influences that lead to a lever movement to obliquely inserted or discharged forces in or out of the lever arm.

At the following points in the Hebelarmprüfmaschine bending elastic joints can be used particularly advantageous. For the storage of the lever arm offers a flexible elastic joint. For the storage of the load line, so arranged on an axle components for the test load, the use of a flexurally elastic joint offers. With the aid of the flexurally elastic joint, the geometry error in the lever movement of the lever arm can also be compensated at the same time. The load line, in which the test load is transmitted, is supported by a flexible element. The weight cord can also be stored via a flexurally elastic element. In the weight strand, the weight or the spring force is transmitted. With the aid of a flexurally elastic joint, the geometry error in the lever movement can also be compensated here. By another flexurally elastic joint, the geometry error of the lever arm can be compensated in the Prüfachse. With the help of one or more ball joints also sample errors can be compensated. The elasticity in the joints, in particular by the movement allowed in the block-like joint by the incised arch, at least partially compensates for the faults or does not allow them at all.

The storage of the lever arm by means of flexurally elastic bearing joints in place of the usual types of storage reduces the friction losses and the associated Messergebnisverfälschungen. Material aging of the bearing joint may be disregarded in the selected storage mode. The errors caused by the storage can be considered as constant throughout the life of the Hebelarmprüfmaschine.

By standard, some tests require that the maximum error must not exceed 1%, regardless of the test load set, which presents a particular challenge, especially for small test loads. The storage according to the invention allows Hebelarmprüfmaschinen, can be guaranteed for the accuracy below 0.2%.

The joints according to the invention contribute to the fact that it may be assumed that the Hebelarmprüfmaschine has no mechanical wear in their bearings more. The bearings can be considered frictionless. The measurement accuracy is not deteriorated over time.

A flexurally elastic cross-section results from two opposing cuts, which are structurally designed so that in the bending direction, ie laterally, a maximum soft bending results, but in the axial direction represents a stiff as possible bending. In addition, an advantageous bending joint is designed to protect against excessive bending deflections. After a certain deflection, the radius surfaces mechanically abut each other after bridging the gap between them, thus limiting the maximum bending.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings and described, without limiting the invention to the embodiments of the drawings. Show it:

1 a front view of a Hebelarmprüfmaschine invention;

2 : a side view of the Hebelarmprüfmaschine the 1 ;

3 : a section AA through the Hebelarmprüfmaschine in 1 ;

4 : A plan view through a lever arm of the Hebelarmprüfmaschine invention 1 ;

5 a side view through the lever arm of 4 wherein the front wall has been omitted;

6 a first embodiment of a flexurally elastic bearing joint according to the invention in front view (A), side view (B) and top view (C);

7 a second embodiment of a flexurally elastic bearing joint according to the invention in front view (A), side view (B) and top view (C);

8th a third embodiment of a flexurally elastic bearing joint according to the invention in front view (A), side view (B) and top view (C);

9 a fourth embodiment of a flexurally elastic bearing joint according to the invention in front view (A), side view (B) and top view (C);

10 : Another embodiment of a Hebelarmprüfmaschine.

In the 1 to 3 is a Hebelarmprüfmaschine invention 1 in various embodiments with an overhead lever arm 25 shown by the traverse 13 is held. Under the lever arm 25 is the working space available in the z. B. the oven 5 for taking a test sample 65 can be opened. The lever arm 25 is against gravity F _G over the first bearing 67 stored. The warehouse 67 is located between Traverse 13 and lever arm 25 , The warehouse 67 can be considered age-independent and frictionless.

At various points in the Hebelarmprüfmaschine 1 are bearing joints 69 . 71 . 73 . 75 . 77 placed, which is either a ball-like joint 79 or a power transmission block 100 . 200 are.

The power transmission block 100 is in 6 to see. Another embodiment of a power transmission block 200 is in 7 to see.

The initiating force F _E is via the bearing joint 69 in the lever arm 25 initiated by the Hebelarmverhältnis from the two Hebelarmlängen 41 . 43 translated as test load F _P on the test sample 65 to be discharged. The test force F _P acts counter to the gravitational force F _G. In a simplified consideration, but completely within the framework of the relevant standards, it is to be assumed that the initiating force F _{E is} immediate and complete as the test force F _P for the sample 65 arrives.

Further advantageous aspects, the expert can 1 to 7 remove immediately.

3 shows a view from above along the section AA 1 ,

About a control cabinet 7 the applied forces can be adjusted. The initiating force F _E is over a weight 26 set. The introduction force F _E is variable.

The adjustable force is via the lever arm 25 converted into the test force F _P. This is the lever arm 25 at the fulcrum 45 rotatably mounted. The lever arm 25 points to every page 47 . 49 of the fulcrum 45 a lever arm length 41 . 43 on. The lever arm lengths 41 . 43 are different lengths. So the lever arm 25 balanced as possible in a horizontal position, has the lever arm 25 a taring mechanism or a buoyancy control 51 , The lever arm 25 is a hollow body made up of a first wall 27 , a second wall 29 , a first spacer 33 and a second spacer 35 composed. The walls 27 . 29 and the spacers 33 . 35 extend longitudinally so that the cavity is opened from the gravity side 53 to the upper side 55 through the lever arm 25 by ranges. Inside the lever arm 25 can individual bearing joints 69 . 71 . 73 to be ordered. Inside the lever arm 25 is enough space offered that the buoyancy 51 and other components, such. B. the bearing joint holding shell 31 , can be arranged there. With the help of screws 37 . 39 let the individual components, such. B. the tare 51 , on the walls 27 . 29 and at the spacers 33 . 35 Screw.

The bearing joint holding shell 31 is the fastener for at least some ( 71 . 73 ) of the bearing joints 69 . 71 . 73 . 75 . 77 ,

The bearing joints 69 . 71 . 73 in the lever arm 25 are arranged extend in a plane 57 , The level 57 can be determined on the basis of the pivot points of the individual power transmission blocks. The pivot points, such as the pivot point of the lever arm 25 , lie in the same plane 57 , It can be a first axis 59 through the pivot points inside the lever arm 25 to be pulled. Another axis 61 is almost perpendicular to the first axis 59 , The second axis 61 can through the test sample 65 to be pulled.

The lever arm testing machine 1 will be on one side through the case 9 . 11 completed. In the case 9 . 11 the control and force application or force measuring devices are arranged. The lever arm testing machine 1 will be on the other side by the crossbar 13 completed. The traverse 13 represents the upper limit of the lever arm testing machine 1 The Hebelarmprüfmaschine provides between the lower drive spindle 81 and the traverse 13 a place for the test room 3 , The traverse 13 also serves as a mounting plate of the lever arm 25 , The traverse 13 is through the pillars 15 . 17 . 19 . 21 held in their position. In the columns 15 . 17 . 19 . 21 , which are designed sufficiently stable, screw threads are cut at their ends, on which the traverse 13 can be put on. Outside the traverse 13 grips the lever arm 25 a means 23 for introducing the initiating force F _E. The introduced force is again as a test force F _P via a power transmission device 64 discharged. The power transmission device 64 exercises in power transmission direction 63 a power out. The lever arm 25 is about a first camp 67 at the crossbar 13 tethered.

The columns 15 . 17 . 19 . 21 are spaced so far that between the columns 15 . 17 . 19 . 21 not just room for a sample 65 is, but also an oven 5 can be moved pivotally between the columns. The oven 5 can the sample 65 enclose and temper during a material test.

The bearing joint 69 is located between the middle 23 for introducing the introduction force F _E and the lever arm 25 , The bearing joint 69 is at height of the level 57 attached. The bearing joint 69 offers a compensation possibility for the initiation of the initiation force F _e, so that the force F _E perpendicular as possible in the lever arm 25 can be initiated. The lever arm 25 is pivotable about the pivot point 45 around by the camp 67 stored. A bearing joint 71 provides a pivotable compliance. Another bearing joint 73 stands for the discharge of the force from the lever arm 25 to disposal. About the bearing joint 73 is the test force F _P to the power transmission device 64 issued. To compensate for vertical deflections is a bearing joint 75 intended. As advantageous has spherical joint 79 proved. Another joint 77 is below the test sample 65 arranged. Elongations of the test sample can be passed through the joints 73 . 75 and 77 compensate. Deflections of the lever arm 65 let go through the joints 69 . 71 . 73 compensate.

About the spindle 81 that of the electromechanical drive 83 can be driven, a force on the sample in the test room 3 brought in. About the setting of the electromechanical drive 83 can be the introduction force F _E set.

The joints 69 . 71 . 73 be through power transmission blocks such as the power transmission blocks 100 . 100 ' . 200 . 200 ' educated.

The power transmission block 100 is a massive block, a body 101 which is a necked spot compared to the rest of the block. The massive block 100 is characterized by its external dimensions 107 determined, resulting from the extensions 109 . 111 . 113 result. In the direction of the extension 111 pass cuts 119 . 121 in the block 100 , The cuts 119 . 121 reduce the cross-section available in the block for the transmission of the test or inducing force F _P , F _E 100 , The cuts 119 . 121 are in the block 100 einerodiert. Every cut 119 . 121 consists of partial sections 123 . 125 together. From the side of the block 100 starting from a horizontal cut initially extends 123 to which a curved cut 125 followed. Due to the curved cuts 125 , which follow a circle radius, form circular arcs 115 . 117 , Between the circular arcs 115 . 117 remains a footbridge 105 , The jetty 105 extends in the constricting direction 103 , The constriction direction 103 lies transversely to the intended power transmission direction 63 ,

Through the cuts 119 . 121 is so much material from the block 100 taken out, z. B. eroded that gap distances 127 . 129 form. Beyond the gap distances becomes material in the block 100 let stand because of the cuts 119 . 121 only incisions and no continuous cuts are. The leftovers of material that have circular arc-like surfaces provide stop arcs 131 . 133 to make the block 100 limited only in the lateral direction can bend.

The cuts 119 . 121 are inserted so that the webs 103 transverse to gravity F _G in the blocks 100 run. Through the web width of the webs 103 the maximum transferable force is set. By the radius of the circular arcs 115 . 117 becomes the kinking or bending behavior of the blocks 100 set. Through the stop arches 131 . 133 the kink width is limited.

The power transmission block 200 to 7 resembles the power train 100 to 6 , The power transmission block 200 offers additional drilling 235 , which provided with threads for connecting other components, such as the bearing joint holding shell 31 or as the chain as a means 23 to initiate an initiating force, offer screw holes. The power transmission block 200 is a bit more graceful overall, especially narrower than the power transmission block 200 , The power transmission block 200 works with rounded surfaces. The bending range is determined by the free space that the cuts provide.

8th shows a further embodiment of a power transmission block 100 ' from different views ( 8A . 8B . 8C ). The power transmission block 100 ' has several recesses in its peripheral areas 135 . 137 on, which have different diameters. The recesses 135 . 137 can be used to make the transmission blocks 100 ' can be inserted in bearing shells and screwed there, so that the power transmission blocks 100 ' each at the ends of the power transmission block 100 ' Slipped-over bearing shells in a flexurally elastic manner separate from each other and at the same time connect mechanically firmly together. The power transmission block 100 ' resembles the power train 100 in its outward appearance. The power transmission block 100 ' - different from the power transmission block 100 - has partly rounded surfaces (see extension 113 ' ). Overall, the power transmission block 100 ' a flat, elongated object with two sides slightly rounded. The other pages (see the directions 109 ' and 111 ' ) are flat and flat. From one of the sides (see extension 111 ' ) are cuts 119 ' . 121 ' introduced into the power transmission block. The cuts 119 ' . 121 ' are so wide that they offer a space for movement. The power transmission block 100 ' is a cohesive, one-piece block that cuts across the cuts 119 ' . 121 ' Verwindungsmöglichkeiten offers in itself. The cuts 119 ' . 121 ' are in one place 101 ' directed. The spot 101 ' is a bottleneck. At the bottleneck 101 ' is the cross-section used for power transmission in the power transmission block 100 ' is available so wide that the maximum expected to be transmitted force without damaging the power transmission block 100 can be transferred.

Also the power transmission block 200 ' (please refer 9 ) has a similar surface design as the power block 100 ' namely partially rounded surfaces; but it resembles in its dimensions (see the extensions 209 ' . 213 ' ) the power transmission block 200 , At the holes 235 , in which threads are cut, components can be like a lever arm 25 or a traverse 13 , fastened, to be more precise, screwed. The power transmission block 200 ' is a columnar block that can take on the function of a flexurally elastic joint. For this task has the bending elastic power transmission block 200 a bottleneck 201 in which a footbridge 205 is trained. The remaining material of the power transmission block 200 can relative to the bridge 205 Beyond the constriction, because a few millimeters apart, slide past or be moved in the reference position.

The lever arm testing machine 301 represented in 10 , similar to the Hebelarmprüfmaschine 1 after the 1 to 3 , The introduction force F _E is different from the Hebelarmprüfmaschine 1 in the lever arm 325 introduced by a spring system. The desired introduction force F _E can be achieved by adjusting the control cabinet 307 via the drive spindle 381 including the electromechanical drive for this purpose (not in 10 to see; similar to the electromechanical drive 83 to 1 ). The level 359 lies in the lever arm 325 , In the plane 357 are the pivot points of individual bearing joints 369 . 371 . 373 to find. The lever arm 325 is, as well as the 1 to the lever arm 25 can be seen below the traverse 313 arranged. Thus, the gravity side 353 , the side closer to the ground, cantilevered. The warehouse 367 that the lever arm 325 at the crossbar 313 is on the test room 303 or the oven 305 opposite side of the lever arm 325 arranged. About the columns 315 . 319 becomes the traverse 313 from the test room 303 spaced. To compensate for deflections from the axle 361 , especially if the axis 359 is moved, are joints 375 . 377 provided, the z. B. spherical joints 379 or even joints like the block 100 or the block 200 could be. The initiating force F _E is about the traction means 323 , more precisely about a chain, in the lever arm 325 initiated. On the other side of the pivot point of the lever arm 325 the force is discharged as test load F _P again.

The housing 309 is a ground-level case in which the force is applied from the springs for the test sample. Above the case 309 is the test room 303 , Above the test room 303 follows the lever arm 325 , The warehouse 367 for the lever arm 325 is at an elevated point. The warehouse 367 is not on the gravity side 353 but on the side leading to the traverse 313 directed. The traverse 313 is the transversal, final component of the working space between the columns and the test area 303 , By the traction means 323 the force can be initiated.

By the use of flexurally elastic joints, in particular those in the 6 . 7 . 8th . 9 shown power transmission blocks 100 . 100 ' . 200 . 200 ' , can be a lever arm testing machine 1 . 301 with a constant Hebelarmverhältnis the introduction force F _E in a test force F _P implement. The circular movement around the pivot point of the lever arm 25 is made possible by at least one flexurally elastic joint. There is almost no movement out of the test axis. The entire test force F _P is introduced into the test sample virtually unadulterated.

By means of flexurally elastic elements or joints, in particular in the components of the power transmission, the tests of material samples can be carried out more accurately. A test error, in particular a systematic test error of the test system, can be reduced; the measurements become more accurate. Long-term effects are no longer as detrimental as in the previously known testing machines.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Hebelarmprüfmaschine

3

testing room

5

oven

7

control cabinet

9

first housing

11

second housing

13

traverse

15

first corner pillar

17

second corner pillar

19

third corner pillar

21

fourth corner pillar

23

Means, in particular for initiating an initiating force

25

lever arm

26

Weight

27

first wall, in particular front wall of the lever arm

29

second wall, in particular rear wall of the lever arm

31

Bearing joint Halteschale

33

first spacer

35

second spacer

37

Screw, in particular of the first type

39

Screw, in particular of the second type

41

first lever arm length

43

second lever arm length

45

Fulcrum, in particular the lever arm

47

first side of the fulcrum

49

second side of the fulcrum

51

Tariermechanik

53

Gravity Page

55

upper side

57

Plane, especially the pivot points

59

first axis

61

second axis

63

Power transmission direction

64

Power transmission device

65

test sample

67

first camp

69

first bearing joint

71

second bearing joint

73

third bearing joint

75

fourth bearing joint

77

fifth bearing joint

79

spherical joint

81

Spindle, in particular lower drive spindle

83

electromechanical drive

100

Power transmission block (first embodiment)

100 '

Power transmission block (third embodiment)

101

Spot, in particular constricted place

101 '

Job, especially bottleneck

103

Einschnürrichtung

105

web

107

Outer dimension, in particular of the power transmission block

109

first extension, in particular of the power transmission block

109 '

first embedding or first side, in particular of the power transmission block

111

second extension, in particular of the power transmission block

111 '

second extension or second side

113

third extension, in particular of the power transmission block

113 '

third extension or third side

115

first arc

117

second arc

119

first cut

119 '

first material recess, in particular in a sectional design

121

second cut

121 '

second material recess, in particular in a sectional design

123

horizontal cut

125

curved cut

127

first gap distance

129

second gap distance

131

first stop sheet

133

second stop sheet

135

Recess, in particular in one side of the power transmission block

137

Recess, in particular in one side of the power transmission block

200

Power transmission block (second embodiment)

200 '

Power transmission block (fourth embodiment)

201

Spot, in particular constricted place

205

Bridge or transmission point

209 '

Extension or side

213 '

Extension or side

235

Recess or bore

235 '

threaded hole

301

Hebelarmprüfmaschine

303

testing room

305

oven

307

control cabinet

309

casing

313

traverse

315

pillar

319

pillar

323

traction means

325

lever arm

353

Gravity Page

357

level

359

axis

361

axis

367

camp

369

bearing joint

371

bearing joint

373

bearing joint

375

joint

377

joint

379

spherical joint

381

spindle

F _P

test load

F _G

gravity

F _E

Introduction force

Claims (16)

Lever arm testing machine ( 1 ), with which a test force (F _P ) as a tensile test force on a test sample ( 65 ), characterized in that at least one bearing ( 67 ) a flexurally elastic bearing joint ( 69 . 71 . 73 . 75 . 77 ), wherein a lever arm ( 25 ) the Hebelarmprüfmaschine ( 1 ) with the flexurally elastic bearing joint ( 69 . 71 . 73 . 75 . 77 ) is stored. Lever arm testing machine ( 1 ) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the lever arm ( 25 ) the Hebelarmprüfmaschine ( 1 ) with the flexurally elastic bearing joint ( 69 . 71 . 73 . 75 . 77 ) is mounted rotatably. Lever arm testing machine ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flexurally elastic bearing joint ( 69 . 71 . 73 . 75 . 77 ) at at least one point ( 101 ) constricted power transmission block ( 100 . 200 ) which is in a constriction direction ( 103 ) by forming a web ( 105 ) is tapered and over the in a direction of constriction ( 103 ) transverse force transmission direction a test force (F _P ) on the test sample ( 65 ) is to be transferred. Lever arm testing machine ( 1 ) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the power transmission block ( 100 . 200 ) its longest extent ( 111 ) in the transmission direction ( 63 ) Has. Lever arm testing machine ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lever arm ( 25 ) with two different lever arm lengths ( 41 . 43 ) pivotable about a pivot point ( 45 ) whose fulcrum ( 45 ) in the footbridge ( 105 ) of the power transmission block ( 100 . 200 ) is settled. Lever arm testing machine ( 1 ) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that, further flexurally elastic bearing joints ( 69 . 71 . 73 . 75 . 77 ) laterally of the bridge ( 105 ) of the power transmission block ( 100 . 200 ) with their pivot points ( 45 ) in one level ( 57 ) strung on the lever arm ( 25 ) are present, via the forces (F _P , F _G , F _E ) are introduced or discharged. Lever arm testing machine ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lever arm ( 25 ) against gravity (F _G ) on a traverse ( 13 ) in its fulcrum ( 45 ), where means ( 23 ) for the introduction and release of forces (F _P , F _G , F _E ), such as introduction force (F _E ) and test force (F _P ), into and out of the lever arm ( 25 ) on a gravity side ( 53 ) of the lever arm ( 25 ) available. Lever arm testing machine ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flexurally elastic bearing joint ( 69 . 71 . 73 . 75 . 77 ) at at least one point ( 101 ) to a footbridge ( 105 ) constricted power transmission block ( 100 . 200 ), wherein the bridge ( 105 ) by converging circular arcs ( 115 . 117 ) is formed, wherein the circular arcs ( 115 . 117 ) as sections ( 119 . 121 ) in the power transmission block ( 100 . 200 ) and in this case block-like outer dimensions ( 107 ) of the power transmission block ( 100 . 200 ), so that parallel to the bridge ( 105 ) over a gap distance ( 127 . 129 ) removes material of the power transmission block ( 100 . 200 ) a bending limit for the elastic bearing joint ( 69 . 71 . 73 . 75 . 77 ) form. Lever arm testing machine ( 1 ) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the convergent circular arcs ( 115 . 117 ) in the power transmission block ( 100 . 200 ) are anodized. Lever arm testing machine ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Hebelarmprüfmaschine ( 1 ) two axes ( 59 . 61 ), one horizontally in the lever arm ( 25 ) extending axis ( 59 ) and an axial, through the test sample ( 65 ) extending axis ( 61 ), along which flexurally elastic joints ( 69 . 71 . 73 . 75 . 77 ) are placed so that horizontal and axial deflections by an interaction of the flexurally elastic bearing joints ( 69 . 71 . 73 . 75 . 77 ) are compensatable, while a leverage of the test force (F _P ) by means of the lever arm ( 25 ) preserved. Lever arm testing machine ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a flexurally elastic bearing joint ( 69 . 71 . 73 . 75 . 77 ) a power transmission element ( 100 ) in which a longitudinal direction ( 63 . 111 ) via a rejuvenation body ( 101 ) whose buckling movement through at least one, the side of the rejuvenation site ( 101 ), on one side with the power transmission element ( 100 ) associated stop sheet ( 131 . 133 ) is braked. Lever arm testing machine ( 1 ) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the stop sheet ( 131 . 133 ) has a curvature similar to an incision ( 125 ) to the rejuvenation body ( 101 ) and where the stop sheet ( 131 . 133 ) material integral part of the power transmission element ( 100 ). Lever arm testing machine ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that above a test room ( 3 ) used to hold the test sample ( 65 ), a spherical joint ( 79 ) between lever arm ( 25 ) and test room ( 3 ) is settled. Lever arm testing machine ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two of the flexurally elastic joints ( 69 . 71 . 73 . 75 . 77 ) parallel in inverted orientations within the lever arm ( 25 ) whose fulcrums ( 45 ) at a thinnest point ( 101 ) in the flexure-elastic joints ( 69 . 71 . 73 . 75 . 77 ) lie. Lever arm testing machine ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an initiating force (F _E ) via a traction means ( 23 ), such as a chain or rod, parallel to a test direction in the lever arm ( 25 ), by a transmission ratio consisting of two lever arm lengths ( 41 . 43 ), each on one side ( 47 . 49 ) of the fulcrum ( 45 ), when the test force (F _P ) is transmitted. Test procedure of a test sample ( 65 ), in which an introduction force (F _E ) via a lever arm ( 25 ) in a test force (F _P ) by a Hebelarmprüfmaschine ( 1 ) is converted according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the test force (F _P ) freed from transverse force components by flexurally elastic deflections ( 69 . 73 ) or discharges ( 73 ) in the direction of gravity axially aligned in the test sample ( 65 ) is initiated.

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