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DE19533557C1 - Computer tomograph operation with data standardistion and averaging - Google Patents

Computer tomograph operation with data standardistion and averaging

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Publication number
DE19533557C1
DE19533557C1 DE1995133557 DE19533557A DE19533557C1 DE 19533557 C1 DE19533557 C1 DE 19533557C1 DE 1995133557 DE1995133557 DE 1995133557 DE 19533557 A DE19533557 A DE 19533557A DE 19533557 C1 DE19533557 C1 DE 19533557C1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
contrast medium
data
averaging
computer tomograph
angular positions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE1995133557
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German (de)
Inventor
Wolfgang Seisler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to DE1995133557 priority Critical patent/DE19533557C1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE19533557C1 publication Critical patent/DE19533557C1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/48Diagnostic techniques
    • A61B6/481Diagnostic techniques involving the use of contrast agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03Computed tomography [CT]
    • A61B6/032Transmission computed tomography [CT]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/50Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
    • A61B6/504Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for diagnosis of blood vessels, e.g. by angiography

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)

Abstract

The operation uses a fan-shaped beam of x-rays (2) from a source (1) directed at a receiver (3) comprising a row of e.g. 512 detectors under a table (5) on which the patient (4) is placed. For scanning, the source and receiver are rotated through 360 deg. about an axis (10) through the middle of the patient. Contrast medium concentration is measured with x-rays briefly switched on and off at particular angular positions. The data are standardised and averaged in the computer (7) for graphical display (8) without delay.

Description

Mit einem Computertomographen sind durch Kontrastmittelinjek­ tionen auch angiographische Aufnahmen anfertigbar. Hierzu wird Kontrastmittel intravenös injiziert und dann, wenn der Kontrastmittelbolus den interessierenden Bereich erreicht hat, ein Scan durchgeführt. Der Scanvorgang wird in der Pra­ xis häufig entsprechend empirisch ermittelter Injektionspro­ tokolle gestartet. Dies führt in vielen Fällen zu unbefriedi­ genden Ergebnissen, da unterschiedliche Kreislaufzeiten der Patienten zu erheblichen Differenzen bei der Ankunft des Kon­ trastmittelbolus in den gewünschten Organen und Gefäßab­ schnitten führen. Um dem entgegenzuwirken, wird meist die Scandauer über die für die Untersuchung notwendige Dauer ver­ längert und die applizierte Kontrastmitteldosis erhöht. Bei­ des ist unerwünscht, für den Patienten belastend und mit zu­ sätzlichen, nicht unerheblichen Kosten verbunden. Ferner be­ steht die Gefahr, daß der Scanvorgang zu früh gestartet wird, wodurch Bilder ohne Kontrastmitteldarstellung und somit ohne diagnostischen Nutzen erzeugt werden, oder daß der Scanvor­ gang zu spät gestartet wird, so daß der Kontrastmittelbolus bereits den interessierenden Bereich passiert hat und die ge­ wünschte Kontrastmittelkonzentration nicht mehr bildwirksam dargestellt werden kann.Using a computer tomograph are through contrast media injection also angiographic recordings can be made. For this contrast medium is injected intravenously and then when the Contrast agent bolus reaches the area of interest did a scan. The scanning process is carried out in Pra xis often according to empirically determined injection pro tokolle started. In many cases, this leads to unsatisfied results, since different cycle times of the Patients on significant differences on arrival of the con tracer agent bolus in the desired organs and vessels cut. To counteract this, it is usually the Scanning time over the duration required for the examination lengthened and the applied contrast medium dose increased. At that is undesirable, burdensome for the patient and with too additional, not inconsiderable costs. Furthermore be there is a risk that the scanning process will be started too early, whereby images without contrast medium and thus without diagnostic benefits are generated, or that the scanvor is started too late, so that the contrast agent bolus has already passed the area of interest and the ge desired contrast medium concentration is no longer effective can be represented.

Es ist auch bereits bekannt, bolusgetriggerte Spiral-CT-Auf­ nahmen durchzuführen. FUNKE, M u. a.: Bolusgetriggerte Spiral-CT: Ein neues programmgesteuertes Verfahren zur Kontrastoptimierung. In: Fortschr. Röntgenstr. 162, 4, 1995, S. 335-337. Hierzu wird jeweils in einem vorbe­ stimmten Zeitabstand von z. B. vier Sekunden ein dosisredu­ zierter Scan durchgeführt und danach der Kontrastmittelan­ stieg berechnet sowie graphisch dargestellt. Der Untersucher entscheidet mit jedem neuen Ergebnisbild, also beispielsweise jeweils vier Sekunden nach der eigentlichen Kontrastmittel­ messung, wann der Spiral-Scan gestartet werden soll. Nach dem Drücken des Startknopfes beginnt dann der Spiral-Scan mit einer Verzögerung von z. B. drei Sekunden.It is also already known to bolus-triggered spiral CT-On took to perform. FUNKE, M u. a .: Bolus-triggered spiral CT: on new program-controlled procedure for contrast optimization. In: progress. Röntgenstr. 162, 4, 1995, pp. 335-337. This is done in a pre agreed time interval of z. B. a dose reduction for four seconds The scan was performed and then the contrast agent was applied rose calculated and shown graphically. The examiner decides with every new result picture, for example four seconds each after the actual contrast medium measurement of when the spiral scan should be started. After this  Pressing the start button then starts the spiral scan with a delay of e.g. B. three seconds.

Der Nachteil dieses Verfahrens liegt darin, daß lediglich in relativ großen zeitlichen Abständen eine Kontrastmittelmes­ sung durchgeführt wird, zwischen der Kontrastmittelmessung und dem Start des Spiral-Scans somit insgesamt eine relativ große Zeitspanne liegt und für jede Kontrastmittelmessung ein dosisreduzierter Vollscan ohne direkten diagnostischen Nutzen durchgeführt wird.The disadvantage of this method is that only in a relatively large time interval a contrast medium measurement solution is carried out between the contrast medium measurement and the start of the spiral scan is therefore a relative overall there is a long period of time and for each contrast medium measurement dose-reduced full scan with no direct diagnostic benefit is carried out.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Computertomographen zu schaffen, bei dem der Scan-Vorgang nach Kontrastmittelinjektion in guter zeitlicher Abstimmung mit dem Erreichen des gewünschten Kontrastmittel­ anstiegs im interessierenden Organbereich erfolgt, wobei die applizierte Kontrastmitteldosis und Röntgenstrahlendosis ge­ ring sind.The invention has for its object a method for Operation of a computer tomograph to create, in which the Scan process after contrast agent injection in good time Coordination with the achievement of the desired contrast medium increase in the organ area of interest, the applied contrast medium dose and X-ray dose ge are ring.

Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of the claim.

Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Computertomographen näher erläutert.The invention is based on one in the drawing illustrated computer tomograph explained in more detail.

Der in der Zeichnung dargestellte Computertomograph weist eine Meßeinheit aus einer Röntgenstrahlenquelle 1, die ein fächerförmiges Röntgenstrahlenbündel 2 aussendet, und einem Strahlenempfänger 3 auf, welcher aus einer Reihe von Einzel­ detektoren, z. B. aus 512 Einzeldetektoren, besteht. Der Fokus ist mit 11 bezeichnet. Der zu untersuchende Patient 4 liegt auf einer Patientenliege 5. Zur Abtastung des Patienten 4 wird die Meßeinheit 1, 3 um ein Meßfeld 9, in dem der Patient 4 liegt, um 360° gedreht. Die Drehachse ist mit 10 bezeich­ net. Dabei wird die Röntgenstrahlenquelle 1, die von einem Röntgengenerator 6 gespeist wird, gepulst oder mit Dauer­ strahlung betrieben. Bei vorbestimmten Winkelpositionen der Meßeinheit 1, 3 werden Sätze von Daten erzeugt, die vom Strahlenempfänger 3 einem Rechner 7 zugeführt werden, welcher aus den erzeugten Datensätzen die Schwächungskoeffizienten vorbestimmter Bildpunkte berechnet und auf einem Sichtgerät 8 bildlich wiedergibt. Auf dem Sichtgerät 8 erscheint demgemäß ein Bild der durchstrahlten Schicht des Patienten.The computer tomograph shown in the drawing has a measuring unit from an X-ray source 1 , which emits a fan-shaped X-ray beam 2 , and a radiation receiver 3 , which consists of a number of individual detectors, e.g. B. consists of 512 individual detectors. The focus is designated 11 . The patient 4 to be examined lies on a patient couch 5 . To scan the patient 4 , the measuring unit 1 , 3 is rotated through 360 ° around a measuring field 9 in which the patient 4 lies. The axis of rotation is denoted by 10 . The X-ray source 1 , which is fed by an X-ray generator 6 , is pulsed or operated with continuous radiation. At predetermined angular positions of the measuring unit 1 , 3 , sets of data are generated which are fed from the radiation receiver 3 to a computer 7 which calculates the attenuation coefficients of predetermined pixels from the generated data sets and reproduces them on a display device 8 . Accordingly, an image of the irradiated layer of the patient appears on the viewing device 8 .

Für die Kontrastmittelmessung wird die Röntgenstrahlung in bestimmten Winkelpositionen der Meßeinheit 1, 3 kurz ein- und wieder ausgeschaltet, so daß die Daten einer Meßprojektion für jede der bestimmten Winkelpositionen erfaßt werden. Diese Meßdaten werden dann nicht der zeitaufwendigen Bildberechnung zugeführt, sondern unmittelbar durch Normierung und Mittelung im Rechner 7 so verarbeitet, daß der Kontrastmittelanstieg verzögerungsfrei, zeitlich jedem Röntgenstrahlenimpuls zuge­ ordnet, auf dem Sichtgerät 8 graphisch dargestellt wird.For the contrast medium measurement, the x-ray radiation is briefly switched on and off again in specific angular positions of the measuring unit 1 , 3 , so that the data of a measurement projection are acquired for each of the determined angular positions. These measurement data are then not supplied to the time-consuming image calculation, but instead are processed directly by normalization and averaging in the computer 7 so that the increase in contrast agent is assigned without delay and with time to each x-ray pulse and is graphically displayed on the display device 8 .

Sobald die gewünschte Kontrastmittelkonzentration erreicht ist, kann der Scanvorgang für die Bilderzeugung praktisch verzögerungsfrei manuell oder auch automatisch gestartet wer­ den.As soon as the desired contrast agent concentration is reached scanning can be convenient for imaging who started without delay manually or automatically the.

Die Kontrastmittelmessung wird in einem sehr kurzen Meßinter­ vall von weniger als 200 ms durchgeführt, wobei die Röntgen­ strahlendosis durch das kurzzeitige Einschalten der Röntgen­ strahlung, die ohne direkten diagnostischen Nutzen ist, ver­ nachlässigbar gering ist.The contrast medium measurement is carried out in a very short measuring interval vall of less than 200 ms performed, the X-ray radiation dose by briefly switching on the X-ray radiation that has no direct diagnostic benefit, ver is negligible.

Nach der Festlegung der Schicht für die Kontrastmittelmessung wird diese zeitgleich oder mit geringer Verzögerung zu der intravenösen Kontrastmittelinjektion gestartet. Sobald das Meßsystem 1, 3 z. B. die Winkelpositionen 87°, 177°, 267° und 357° erreicht hat, wird die Strahlung jeweils für beispiels­ weise 10 ms eingeschaltet. Die Kontrastmittelkonzentration wird dann bei jedem Umlauf des Meßsystems 1, 3 für diese vier Projektionen berechnet. Sobald die vier ersten Meßpunkte ge­ messen sind, wird das Ergebnis graphisch dargestellt. Die weiteren Ergebnisse folgen dann nach einem Zeitintervall. Ist die gewünschte Kontrastmittelkonzentration erreicht, kann der Scanvorgang praktisch verzögerungsfrei gestartet werden.After the layer for the contrast medium measurement has been determined, it is started at the same time or with a slight delay for the intravenous contrast medium injection. As soon as the measuring system 1 , 3 z. B. has reached the angular positions 87 °, 177 °, 267 ° and 357 °, the radiation is switched on for example as 10 ms. The contrast medium concentration is then calculated for these four projections each time the measuring system 1 , 3 rotates. As soon as the first four measuring points are measured, the result is shown graphically. The further results then follow after a time interval. Once the desired contrast agent concentration has been reached, the scanning process can be started practically without delay.

Claims (1)

Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Computertomographen mit folgenden Schritten:
Die Röntgenstrahlung wird in bestimmten Winkelpositionen des Meßsystems (1, 3) kurz ein- und wieder ausgeschaltet, so daß die Erfassung der Meßdaten mindestens einer Meßprojektion für jede der bestimmten Winkelpositionen erfolgt.
Die Meßdaten werden dann durch Normierung und Mittelung so verarbeitet, daß die Kontrastmittelkonzentration verzöge­ rungsfrei und zeitlich jedem Röntgenstrahlenimpuls zugeordnet auf einem Sichtgerät (8) graphisch dargestellt wird.
Sobald die gewünschte Kontrastmittelkonzentration erreicht ist, wird der Scanvorgang für die Bilderzeugung gestartet.
Procedure for operating a computer tomograph with the following steps:
The x-ray radiation is briefly switched on and off again in certain angular positions of the measuring system ( 1 , 3 ), so that the measurement data are acquired for at least one measurement projection for each of the determined angular positions.
The measurement data are then processed by normalization and averaging in such a way that the contrast medium concentration is displayed graphically on a display device ( 8 ) without any delay and associated with each X-ray pulse.
As soon as the desired contrast medium concentration is reached, the scanning process for the image generation is started.
DE1995133557 1995-09-11 1995-09-11 Computer tomograph operation with data standardistion and averaging Expired - Fee Related DE19533557C1 (en)

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DE19533557C1 true DE19533557C1 (en) 1996-11-07

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998032376A1 (en) * 1997-01-29 1998-07-30 Picker Medical Systems, Ltd. Predictive bolus tracking
US8208994B2 (en) 2004-01-22 2012-06-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Computer tomograph and injector having a data interface
CN104720836A (en) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-24 Ge医疗系统环球技术有限公司 Contrast medium concentration determining method and computerized tomography equipment

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
FUNKE, M.u.a.: Bolusgetriggerte Spiral-CT: Ein neues programmgesteuertes Verfahren zur Kontrastoptimierung. In: Fortschr. Röntgenstr. 162, 4, 1995, S.335-337 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998032376A1 (en) * 1997-01-29 1998-07-30 Picker Medical Systems, Ltd. Predictive bolus tracking
JP2001508326A (en) * 1997-01-29 2001-06-26 ピッカー メディカル システムズ リミテッド Predictive bolus tracking
US8208994B2 (en) 2004-01-22 2012-06-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Computer tomograph and injector having a data interface
CN104720836A (en) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-24 Ge医疗系统环球技术有限公司 Contrast medium concentration determining method and computerized tomography equipment
CN104720836B (en) * 2013-12-20 2019-05-14 Ge医疗系统环球技术有限公司 Contrast medium concentration determines method and computerized tomography equipment

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Effective date: 20150401