DE202009007318U1 - Junction box and solar panel - Google Patents

Abstract

Connection box (7) for a solar module (3) comprising:
A first and second electrical connection pole (19, 21),
At least three electrical contact devices (13a, 13b, 13c), each of the at least three electrical contact devices (13a, 13b, 13c) being contactable with an associated electrical conductor (5a, 5b, 5c) of the solar module (3),
- At least two bypass diodes (25a, 25b), and
At least one overvoltage protection diode (27),
wherein the first of the at least two bypass diodes (25a) is the first contact device (13a) with the second contact device (13b) and the second of the at least two bypass diodes (25b) is the second contact device (13b) with the third contact device (13c) electrically connects, and
wherein the at least one overvoltage protection diode (27; 27a, 27b, 27c) is connected in parallel with at least one of the bypass diodes (25a, 25b).

Description

The The invention relates to a junction box and a solar panel.

conventional Include solar modules for generating electrical energy from sunlight one or more individual solar cells. Depending on the desired from the solar module available to be put voltage and / or current single solar cells within the module in parallel and / or in series and thus summarized to solar cell groups. The solar cell groups are combined to form a flat solar module. The electrical connections of the Solar cell groups of the solar module are led to the outside.

at Partial reduction of irradiation intensity by sunlight to single Solar cells or solar cell groups, for example due to contamination or shadow, can Among others, the following effects occur: (1) A (uniform) reduction the irradiation intensity within the interconnected solar cell groups leads to a Reduction in performance of the respective solar cell group. (2) By a partial shading of a solar cell within a solar cell group This shaded solar cell acts as a blocking diode or resistance within the circuit of the solar cell group, resulting in a lead to it can that the entire solar cell group no longer provide any electrical energy can and secondly damage the shaded solar cell and thus lead to permanent failure of the solar cell group. In any case, between the led out connections the solar cell groups of a solar module, depending on the irradiation intensity on the individual solar cells, different voltages applied. A Series connection of the solar cell groups by appropriate circuit the outside out connections leads analogously to the above problems.

Around those with the different irradiation intensity of the solar cells Conventionally, so-called bypass diodes are used, the electrically connected in anti-parallel to the solar cell groups become. These bypass diodes have the effect that the current flow through the solar module to solar cell groups, which is a low power deliver, passed by, d. H. the connections of this solar cell group of a solar module are short-circuited by the bypass diode and thereby bridging the corresponding solar cell group. Thus, such provides Solar cell group no longer contributes to the overall performance of Solar module, the total current flow through However, the solar panel is essentially unhindered and one damage individual solar cells is prevented.

Solar panels, Therefore, in addition to the solar module usually include an electrical junction box with at least two contact devices and at least one bypass diode. The solar cells in a solar module are usually shallow thin conductor strips together connected. These conductor bands are led out of the solar panel and arranged with a in the junction box connected electrical conductor contact. To that of the solar module generated electrical energy to a consumer available make, points the junction box two connection poles on, d. H. one plus and one minus pole between those in operation an electrical voltage is applied. The provided with the junction box Solar module is called a solar panel.

During the Operation and when connecting or Disconnecting a solar panel can due to induced currents, for example due to thunderstorms or line inductances, voltage spikes abut the solar cells or the bypass diodes and damage or completely destroy them. Therefore is the operational safety and the life of the solar panel reduced by such spikes.

It is the object of the invention, an electrical connection box and To provide a solar panel, which identifies an increased reliability.

The The object is solved by the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are Subject of the dependent Claims.

Junction box according to one aspect

• – einen ersten und zweiten elektrischen Anschlußpol,
• – zumindest drei elektrische Kontaktvorrichtung, wobei eine jede der zumindest drei elektrischen Kontaktvorrichtungen mit einem zugeordneten elektrischen Leiter des Solarmoduls kontaktierbar ist,
• – zumindest zwei Bypass-Dioden, und
• – zumindest eine Überspannungsschutz-Diode,

wobei die erste der zumindest zwei Bypass-Dioden die erste Kontaktvorrichtung mit der zweiten Kontaktvorrichtung und die zweite der zumindest zwei Bypass-Dioden die zweite Kontaktvorrichtung mit der dritten Kontaktvorrichtung elektrisch verbindet, und
wobei die zumindest eine Überspannungsschutz-Diode parallel zu zumindest einer der Bypass-Dioden geschaltet ist.One aspect of the present invention relates to a junction box for a solar module comprising:

• A first and a second electrical connection pole,
• At least three electrical contact devices, wherein each of the at least three electrical contact devices is contactable with an associated electrical conductor of the solar module,
• - at least two bypass diodes, and
• At least one overvoltage protection diode,

wherein the first of the at least two bypass diodes electrically connects the first contact device to the second contact device and the second of the at least two bypass diodes electrically connects the second contact device to the third contact device, and
wherein the at least one overvoltage protection Di ode is connected in parallel to at least one of the bypass diodes.

In In other words, the first of the at least three electrical contact devices Contactable with the first electrical conductor of the solar module, is the second of the at least three electrical contact devices contacted with the second electrical conductor of the solar module and is the third of the at least three electrical contact devices contacted with the third electrical conductor of the solar module.

Of the first and second terminal pole are designed, a connected to the junction box solar module to connect with an electrical consumer. Because the solar module generates a DC voltage, the first terminal pole with "-" or as a negative pole and the second terminal pole with "+" or as positive pole be designated. In operation, flows inside the junction box and of the solar module, d. H. within the power source, the current I along the technical current direction from the negative pole to the positive pole.

The Solar module, which is designed with the junction box too contact, has at least three electrical conductors, wherein the at least three electrical contact devices of the junction box designed are equipped with a solar module with at least three electrical conductors to be contactable.

The junction box further comprises at least two bypass diodes, wherein the bypass diodes respectively two of the at least three electrical contact devices with each other connect electrically. The bypass diodes are designed as one low-resistance connection or a short circuit between the corresponding to produce two contact devices, which through the bypass diode be connected when between these two contact devices a predeterminable voltage is applied. In this case, d. H. if the voltage between the two contact devices exceeds a predeterminable threshold value, so exceeds also the over the bypass diode voltage dropping this threshold. Thereby the bypass diode loses its blocking effect and switches off a short circuit the two contact devices ago.

advantageously, flows in operation, the total current in this case does not exceed the solar panel, but over the Bypass diode, which in the connected solar module no electrical Loss of power or no warming occurs. The passing the predeterminable voltage between two contact devices can occur during operation characterized in that a solar cell group of the Solar module, which at the two electrical contact devices the junction box is connected, is shaded and therefore no sufficient electrical Power generated.

The junction box comprises at least one overvoltage protection diode, which is connected in parallel to at least one of the bypass diodes.

An overvoltage protection diode is a semiconductor diode that protects against overvoltages or unauthorized Voltages is used. surges can for example, due to inductances of the junction box, the attached solar module and / or connected to the connection poles Consumer or leading to this electrical lines occur. surges can in particular occur as soon as an electrical line disconnected becomes.

To the Protection against overvoltage When switching off an inductive DC load, the overvoltage protection diode (also called freewheeling diode in this case) so parallel to the inductive element connected to that of the current flowing during operation I claimed in the reverse direction.

At the To solve with the connection poles contacting electrical lines, for example during assembly work on the solar panel, the trained in operation circuit interrupted, due to the self-induction of an inductive element a current flow in the original one Direction of the current is generated. Without overvoltage protection diode that leads to a voltage spike, which adds to the operating voltage and damage or destroy the electronic components. Advantageously, due to the overvoltage protection diode, the Voltage peak, however, on the forward voltage of the overvoltage protection diode limited. That protects the electronic components advantageously against overvoltage because the current over the overvoltage protection diode flows.

Of the Term "contact" in the sense The present invention includes in particular electrical and / or mechanical contact.

Preferred embodiments the junction box

Preferably, exactly one overvoltage protection diode electrically connects the first terminal pole to the second terminal pole. In particular, the one overvoltage protection diode is connected in parallel to all bypass diodes. Preferably, the overvoltage protection diode is contacted directly with the first and / or the second terminal pole, in particular soldered. Advantageously, only one overvoltage protection diode is necessary, to protect all of the at least two bypass diodes, whereby the assembly effort and the material consumption is kept low.

• – N elektrische Kontaktvorrichtungen, welche jeweils mit einem zugeordneten elektrischen Leiter des Solarmoduls kontaktierbar sind,
• – N – 1 Bypass-Dioden, und
• – N – 1 Überspannungsschutz-Dioden,

wobei jeweils zwei elektrische Kontaktvorrichtungen durch eine Bypass-Diode und eine dazu parallel geschaltete Überspannungsschutz-Diode elektrisch verbunden sind.Preferably, the junction box comprises:

• N electrical contact devices which are each contactable with an associated electrical conductor of the solar module,
• - N - 1 bypass diodes, and
• - N - 1 overvoltage protection diodes,

wherein in each case two electrical contact devices are electrically connected by a bypass diode and a parallel-connected overvoltage protection diode.

advantageously, For each bypass diode, an associated overvoltage protection diode is parallel switched so that each Bypass diode individually protected is. The number N of electrical contact devices can thereby 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or any other natural number such that the number N - 1 of the Bypass diodes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc. is.

Preferably is a housing the junction box injection molded, with the bypass diodes and the overvoltage protection diode (s) in the housing material the junction box are embedded and of the housing material the junction box are surrounded. Preferably, in the injection molding of the housing liquid, in particular thermal molten housing material used. The melting temperature of the housing material is in this case between about 250 ° C and about 400 ° C, in particular between about 300 ° C and about 350 ° C. The molten housing material is on or around the diodes, i. H. around the bypass diodes and the overvoltage protection diode (s) injected. As the diodes on the contact device, which is designed as a circuit board could be, are arranged, the molten housing material is at least partially also injected around the contact devices or the printed circuit board (s). Thus, the diodes and at least a portion of the contact devices or the circuit board (s) completely from the molten housing material surrounded and embedded in this and thus in particular moisture-proof concluded from the environment. The molten housing material then cool down and solidifies, with the housing is formed. The junction box can at a later date Time to be arranged and connected to a solar module. Optionally, a cavity or opening in the housing, the to connect the junction box is necessary at the solar module is poured with synthetic resin and / or There may be a lid on the housing to be ordered.

Surprisingly it was found that the Diodes of the molten housing material surrounded and embedded in this, although the maximum operating temperature the diodes is much lower, especially in the range between about 100 ° C and about 200 ° C, in particular between about 130 ° C and about 170 ° C lies. Further, surprisingly found that in Operation of the junction box the heat generated by the diodes sufficiently derived from the junction box can be, although the diodes are embedded in the housing material. Thus, the junction box be made in a very simple and cost-efficient way, as as contact devices or as a printed circuit board punching components can be used the housing not be prefabricated and the electrical components, d. H. the contact devices or the printed circuit board and the diodes are not arranged in a prefabricated housing Need to become. Rather, you can in a simple way, the diodes on the contact devices or the PCB are arranged, optionally contacts on the contact devices or the circuit board are interrupted, for this purpose z. B. predetermined breaking points can be provided and those equipped with the diodes Contact devices or printed circuit board with molten housing material be surrounded. In particular, you can the contact devices made by disconnecting the circuit board become. Arranging the housing material can be done at high pressure and high temperature.

Of the Term "moisture-proof" as he used in this application includes, in particular no leakage or leakage currents by ingress of moisture from inside the junction box Outside, d. H. can penetrate to the environment. The term "moisture-proof" as he is used in this application, thus describes in particular that the junction box in particular a moisture test according to IP 67, particularly preferred IP 68 exists.

The term "moisture-proof" as used in the context of the present application may describe a tightness or a barrier to a fluid, in particular water and / or water vapor. Moisture-proofness is achieved if the migration, ie the flow or displacement of the moisture due to a partial pressure difference or the pressure difference (in particular at a pressure difference of about 10 kPa) or the diffusion is prevented or slowed down sufficiently. Sufficiently slow, in particular, means that the flow rate of the fluid in a body within pores or along channel-shaped ones of the area preferential flow paths is preferably more preferably about 1 meter per hour, about 1 cm per hour, about 1 mm per day about 1 mm per year, more preferably 0.1 mm per year, in particular 0.01 mm per year.

In In other words, by embedding the diodes in the housing material ingress of moisture into the interior of the junction box, in particular to the diodes and / or electrical contact devices prevented. Thus, it is achieved that the junction box a high moisture density, in particular according to IP 67, particularly preferred IP 68, and this in a very compact size.

Preferably is the overvoltage protection diode a suppressor diode, a bipolar suppressor diode, a Zener diode, a Schottky diode or a varistor. It is not necessary that at a plurality of overvoltage protection diodes all diodes are of the same type. Rather, it is possible that overvoltage protection diodes different type or different kind in one and the same junction box be used.

Preferably At least two of the electrical contact devices by means at least one overvoltage protection diode mechanically connected. More preferably, at least two of the electrical contact devices by means of at least one bypass diode mechanically connected. For example, the two contact devices be discrete separate components to which the bypass diode or the overvoltage protection diode fastened, in particular soldered, is or are, so that both Contact devices are mechanically interconnected. in this connection is it possible that the two Contact devices originally consisted of a device and after arrangement of the diodes to two contact devices were isolated.

Preferably are the at least one bypass diode and the at least one overvoltage protection diode arranged on a circuit board. The contact device is thus Part of the circuit board. Advantageously, the necessary electronic components by soldering, welding, gluing, etc. easy and securely fastened to the circuit board. For example, can the circuit board to be a so-called "printed circuit board". It is also possible, that the Printed circuit board is a stamped component, in particular a sheet metal component be, for example, copper, iron, metal alloy sheet, with or without a metal coating, in the desired shape is punched.

Preferably is the junction box poured with a synthetic resin. Advantageously, the electronic Components inside the junction box through the pouring insulated with synthetic resin against moisture and protected against corrosion.

Preferably is the overvoltage protection diode or the bypass diode as an SMD component educated. Especially in junction boxes, which are filled with synthetic resin SMD components have better thermal properties, because they have a larger surface, in contrast to components in axial design over the Heat on the surrounding resin can be dispensed. advantageously, This also applies if the SMD component is embedded in the housing material.

Solar panel according to one aspect

• – zumindest ein im wesentlichen plattenförmiges Solarmodul und
• – zumindest eine Anschlußdose gemäß einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche,

wobei das Solarmodul zumindest drei elektrische Leiter umfaßt und die zumindest drei elektrischen Leiter jeweils mit einer zugeordneten elektrischen Kontaktvorrichtung der Anschlußdose verbunden sind.Another aspect of the present invention relates to a solar panel comprising:

• - At least one substantially plate-shaped solar module and
• At least one junction box according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the solar module comprises at least three electrical conductors and the at least three electrical conductors are each connected to an associated electrical contact device of the junction box.

In In other words, the solar panel may include: a solar module with a substantially plate-shaped body with at least two voltage-generating solar cells, at least three Conductor strips connected to the at least two solar cells on a surface of the solar module are led out of these and at least one inventive junction box.

method

• – Bereitstellen zumindest dreier elektrischer Kontaktvorrichtungen, wobei jede der zumindest drei elektrischen Kontaktvorrichtungen mit einem zugeordneten elektrischen Leiter eines Solarmoduls kontaktierbar ist,
• – Anordnen zumindest zweier Bypass-Dioden an den zumindest drei elektrischen Kontaktvorrichtungen, wobei die erste der zumindest zwei Bypass-Dioden die erste Kontaktvorrichtung mit der zweiten Kontaktvorrichtung und die zweite der zumindest zwei Bypass-Dioden die zweite Kontaktvorrichtung mit der dritten Kontaktvorrichtung elektrisch verbindet,
• – Anordnen zumindest einer Überspannungsschutz-Diode, wobei die zumindest eine Überspannungsschutz-Diode parallel zu zumindest einer der Bypass-Dioden geschaltet ist, und
• – Ausbilden eines Gehäuses der Anschlußdose mittels flüssigem Gehäusematerial, wobei die Bypass-Dioden und die Überspannungsschutz-Diode(n) in dem Gehäusematerial der Anschlußdose eingebettet sind und von dem Gehäusematerial der Anschlußdose umgeben sind.

A preferred method of making a junction box comprises the steps of:

• Providing at least three electrical contact devices, wherein each of the at least three electrical contact devices can be contacted with an associated electrical conductor of a solar module,
• Arranging at least two bypass diodes on the at least three electrical contact devices, the first of the at least two bypass diodes electrically connecting the first contact device to the second contact device and the second of the at least two bypass diodes electrically connecting the second contact device to the third contact device,
• Arranging at least one overvoltage protection diode, wherein the at least one overvoltage protection diode is connected in parallel to at least one of the bypass diodes, and
• - Forming a housing of the junction box by means of liquid housing material, the bypass diodes and the overvoltage Dio de (n) are embedded in the housing material of the junction box and are surrounded by the housing material of the junction box.

To arranging the diodes, the method can also be high the step comprising: separating the electrical contact devices from each other. The Contact devices are after disconnecting only through the diodes electrically connected. The diodes connect the contact devices also mechanically.

Use according to aspect

One Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use a junction box with the features described above, for placement on a solar module as an input or output connection box. This is the junction box a connection side arranged the solar module. In particular, after the junction box with electrically connected to the solar module. Furthermore, the junction box can be used be to the solar module with other solar modules or electrical To connect consumers.

figure description

following become preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of example explained. Show it:

1 a perspective view of an embodiment of a junction box;

2 : an electrical diagram of the in 1 embodiment shown;

3 a perspective view of another embodiment of the junction box;

4 a schematic view of another embodiment of the junction box; and

5 : an electrical diagram of the in 3 and in 4 shown embodiment.

1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a solar panel 1 with a plate-shaped solar module 3 , wherein on an irradiation side of the solar module 3 at least one voltage-generating solar cell is arranged, the electrical lines 5a - 5d in the form of conductor strips, which on the connection side, which is opposite to the irradiation side, from the solar module 3 be led out. However, it is also possible to lead out the electrical lines on the irradiation side.

A junction box 7 is on or on the connection side of the solar module 3 arranged on or on this. The junction box 7 has a housing 9 on which an opening area 11 and a lid (not shown) for closing the junction box 7 includes. The housing 9 can preferably by means of an adhesive to the solar module 3 be attached.

Preferably, in this embodiment, four electrically conductive contact devices 13a - 13d on. Therefore, each of the four electrical wires or conductors 5a - 5d of the solar module 3 with an associated conductor contact 15a - 15d the associated contact device 13a - 13d be contacted. These are the electrical wires 5a - 5d of the solar module 3 preferably by a common opening area 11 in the case 9 guided.

Two contact devices 13a . 13d each comprise a connection area 17a . 17d , At the connection areas 17a . 17d arranged are the terminal poles 19 . 21 , which are formed in this embodiment as a connection cable. Alternatively, the terminal poles 19 . 21 each formed as a connector or as contacts of a connector.

The contact devices 13a - 13d each have a short-circuit area 23a - 23d which is designed to be a contact device 13a - 13d with one or more other contact devices 13a - 13d electrically connect. The short circuit areas 23a - 23d two adjacent contact devices 13a - 13d are each by bypass diodes 25a - 25c electrically connected to each other.

The contact devices 13a - 13d are shown as a complex component. The contact devices 13a - 13d However, can be made simpler, such. In 4 shown. In particular, the contact devices 13a - 13d be formed from a stamped, preferably flat sheet metal. In this case, it is particularly possible that each contact device of the contact devices 13a - 13d consists of a one-piece, monolithic sheet metal part. Thus, the sheet metal part may include the terminal area, the short-circuit area and the conductor contact. In this case, the contact device is particularly simple and inexpensive to manufacture.

To the bypass diodes 25a - 40c Protecting against voltage spikes is parallel to the series connected bypass diodes 25a - 40c a surge protection diode 27 switched, the contact devices 13a . 13d where the connection poles 19 . 21 are connected by means of the overvoltage protection diode, in particular unmit be connected electrically, electrically.

2 shows the electrical diagram of in 1 shown embodiment of the junction box 7 , The solar module 3 has three solar cell groups 29a - 29c on which by the electrical conductors 5a - 5d with the electrical conductor contacts 15a - 15d the contact devices 13a - 13d are connected. Two adjacent contact devices 13a - 13d are thus about one of the solar cell groups 29a - 29c of the solar module 3 electrically connected to each other. The reverse direction of the bypass diodes 25a - 25c are each connected in anti-parallel to the current direction of the current I, via the solar cell groups 29a - 24c of the solar module 3 between the adjacent contact devices 13a - 13d flows.

For example, due to shading should the electrical connection, which via the solar cell group 29b runs, have a resistance, so that the voltage drop exceeds a predeterminable threshold, so also exceeds the voltage drop between the terminal areas of the corresponding adjacent contact devices 13a . 13c a dependent threshold. When exceeding the predeterminable threshold, loses the corresponding bypass diode 25b their blocking action and provides a short circuit between the adjacent contact devices 13a . 13c ago. Preferably, the total current of the solar panel does not flow through the bridged solar cell group 29b whereby there neither electrical power losses due to the increased resistance of the solar cell group nor damage to the solar cell group, for example due to heating due to the electrical power loss, occur. Rather, the electrical current flows through the bypass diode 25b ,

The bypass diodes 25a - 25c are connected in series and provide an electrical connection between the connection poles 19 . 21 ago. To the bypass diodes 25a - 25c To protect against surges that occur, for example due to inductances, when the terminal poles 19 and 21 disconnected or connected to a consumer is a bipolar overvoltage protection diode 27 , Preferably, a so-called bipolar suppressor diode, connected in parallel to the bypass diodes, that the terminal poles 19 . 21 through the overvoltage protection diode 27 are contacted with each other electrically.

In the event that between the connection poles 19 . 21 a voltage peak, typically greater than 100 volts, bridges the overvoltage protection diode 27 the series bypass diodes 25a - 25c , so that a short circuit between the terminal poles 19 . 21 will be produced. The current flowing due to the voltage spike electrical current is thereby on the overvoltage protection diode 27 conducted, so that bypass diodes 25a - 25c are protected. Preferably, the ohmic resistance via the overvoltage protection diode 27 less than the series connected bypass diodes 25a - 25c , More preferably, the response time of the overvoltage protection diode 27 less than the response time of the bypass diodes 25a - 25c ,

3 shows an embodiment of the junction box 7 that are only slightly different from the one in 1 differs embodiment shown, wherein the 1 described features in 3 with the same reference numerals as in FIG 1 are designated.

As in 1 are adjacent contact devices 13a - 13d each by bypass diodes 25a - 25c electrically connected to each other. In contrast to the embodiment in FIG 1 is to every single bypass diode 25a - 40c a surge protection diode 27a - 27c connected in parallel. The number of overvoltage protection diode 27a - 27c is therefore equal to the number of bypass diodes 25a - 25c ,

4 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a junction box 7 , In the 4 shown connection box 7 is similar to the one in 3 shown connection box 7 built up. The junction box 7 includes a housing 9 with four contact devices arranged therein 13a - 13d , which are each formed as a flat sheet metal stamping element. The contact devices 13a - 13d each include conductor contacts, shorting areas and terminal areas 17a . 17d , Since the contact devices 13a - 13d preferably monolithic in one piece, the conductor contacts and the shorting regions are integral components of the contact devices 13 - 13d , Therefore, the conductor contacts and the short-circuiting areas are not shown separately. Furthermore, in 4 Bypass diodes 25a - 25c and overvoltage protection diodes 27a - 27c shown. The connection poles 19 . 21 are at the corresponding connection areas 17a . 17d with the contact devices 13a . 13d connected.

This in 4 shown housing 9 may be injection molded from a housing material, so that in particular the contact devices 13a - 13d , the bypass diodes 25a - 25c and the overvoltage protection diodes 27 ; 27a - 27c embedded in the housing material. In this case, the connection areas 17a . 17d and the conductor contacts exposed to allow the corresponding electrical contacts. It is also possible that, for example, the terminal areas 17a . 17d and the connected pins 19 . 21 in the housing material and thus in the housing 9 are embedded.

5 shows the electrical diagram of in 3 shown embodiment of the junction box 7 which is essentially the same as in 2 shown circuit diagram corresponds.

Again, the bypass diodes 25a - 25c connected in series with each of the bypass diodes 25a - 25c a surge protection diode 27 , Preferably, a Zener diode or a Supressor diode, is connected in parallel, that the overvoltage protection diode 27a - 27c the assigned bypass diode 25a - 25c bridged when an overvoltage is applied to the relevant bypass diode. Advantageously, each one of the bypass diodes 25a - 25c be protected from overvoltages, especially when the overvoltage is applied only to a single bypass diode and not on all bypass diodes 25a - 25c at the same time or at the connection poles 19 . 21 how this z. B. may be the case with induction currents due to a lightning strike.

The described in the 1 to 4 shown embodiments of the junction box 7 have contact devices 13a - 13d on, which are preferably made in one piece of metal and more preferably a clamping area for the bypass diodes 25a - 25c and / or the overvoltage protection diode (s) 27 ; 27a - 27c include. Alternatively, the electronic components, ie the bypass diodes 25a - 25c and / or the overvoltage protection diode (s) 27 ; 27a - 27c , Also be arranged on a circuit board. Preferably, the corresponding electronic components are arranged in one embodiment as an SMD component on the circuit board.

The The present invention is not the same as those described above by way of example embodiments limited. Rather, you can individual elements and / or features of each described aspect and / or any described embodiment with individual elements and / or features of the further aspects and / or further embodiments be combined in any way with each other and thus more Aspects and / or embodiments be formed.

1

solar panel

3

solar module

7

junction box

5a-5d

electrical conductor of the solar module 3

9

casing

11

opening area

13a-13d

contact device

15a-15d

conductor contact

17a, 17d

terminal region

19

A terminal

21

A terminal

23a-23d

Short range

25a-25c

Bypass diode

27; 27a-27c

Overvoltage protection diode

29a-29d

solar array

I

current direction

Claims (11)

Junction box ( 7 ) for a solar module ( 3 ) comprising: - a first and second electrical terminal pole ( 19 . 21 ), - at least three electrical contact devices ( 13a . 13b . 13c ), wherein each of the at least three electrical contact devices ( 13a . 13b . 13c ) with an associated electrical conductor ( 5a . 5b . 5c ) of the solar module ( 3 ) is contactable, - at least two bypass diodes ( 25a . 25b ), and - at least one overvoltage protection diode ( 27 ), wherein the first of the at least two bypass diodes ( 25a ) the first contact device ( 13a ) with the second contact device ( 13b ) and the second of the at least two bypass diodes ( 25b ) the second contact device ( 13b ) with the third contact device ( 13c ), and wherein the at least one overvoltage protection diode ( 27 ; 27a . 27b . 27c ) parallel to at least one of the bypass diodes ( 25a . 25b ) is switched. Junction box ( 7 ) according to claim 1, wherein exactly one overvoltage protection diode ( 27 ) the first terminal pole ( 19 ) with the second terminal pole ( 21 ) electrically connects. Junction box ( 7 ) according to claim 1, comprising: - N electrical contact devices ( 13a . 13b . 13c . 13d ), each with an associated electrical conductor ( 5a ) of the solar module ( 3 ), - N - 1 bypass diodes ( 25a . 25b . 25c ), and - N - 1 overvoltage protection diodes ( 27a . 27b . 27c ), wherein in each case two electrical contact devices ( 13a . 13b . 13c . 13d ) by a bypass diode ( 25a . 25b . 25c ) and a parallel-connected overvoltage protection diode ( 27a . 27b . 27c ) are electrically connected. Junction box ( 7 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a housing of the junction box ( 7 ) is injection-molded and wherein the bypass diodes ( 25a . 25b . 25c ) and the overvoltage protection diode (s) ( 27 ; 27a . 27b . 27c ) in the housing material of the junction box ( 7 ) are embedded and of the housing material of the junction box ( 7 ) are surrounded. Junction box ( 7 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two of the electrical contact devices ( 13a . 13b ) by means of at least one overvoltage protection diode ( 27 ) are mechanically connected. Junction box ( 7 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the overvoltage protection diode ( 25 ) is a suppressor diode, a bipolar suppressor diode, a Zener diode, a Schottky diode or a varistor. Junction box ( 7 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the overvoltage protection diode ( 27 ) is designed as an SMD component. Junction box ( 7 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two of the electrical contact devices ( 13a . 13b ) by means of at least one bypass diode ( 25a . 25b . 25c ) are mechanically connected. Junction box ( 7 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one bypass diode ( 25a . 25b . 25c ) and the at least one overvoltage protection diode ( 27 ; 27a . 27b . 27c ) on a printed circuit board ( 10 ) are arranged. Junction box ( 7 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the junction box ( 7 ) is poured with a synthetic resin. Solar panel ( 1 ) comprising: - at least one substantially plate-shaped solar module ( 3 ) and - at least one junction box ( 7 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the solar module ( 3 ) at least three electrical conductors ( 5a . 5b . 5c ) and the at least three electrical conductors ( 5a . 5b . 5c ) each with an associated electrical contact device ( 13a . 13b . 153 ) of the junction box ( 7 ) are connected.