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EP0966550A1 - Corps fritte en metal dur ou cermet et son procede de production - Google Patents

Corps fritte en metal dur ou cermet et son procede de production

Info

Publication number
EP0966550A1
EP0966550A1 EP98919052A EP98919052A EP0966550A1 EP 0966550 A1 EP0966550 A1 EP 0966550A1 EP 98919052 A EP98919052 A EP 98919052A EP 98919052 A EP98919052 A EP 98919052A EP 0966550 A1 EP0966550 A1 EP 0966550A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sintering
platelets
microwave
sintered body
hard
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98919052A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0966550B1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus RÖDIGER
Klaus Dreyer
Monika Willert-Porada
Thorsten Gerdes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Widia GmbH
Original Assignee
Widia GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19725914A external-priority patent/DE19725914A1/de
Application filed by Widia GmbH filed Critical Widia GmbH
Publication of EP0966550A1 publication Critical patent/EP0966550A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0966550B1 publication Critical patent/EP0966550B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/23—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces involving a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis or reaction sintering step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C22C1/058—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder by reaction sintering (i.e. gasless reaction starting from a mixture of solid metal compounds)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hard metal or cermet sintered body, consisting of at least one WC containing hard material phase and a binder phase as well as embedded WC platelets (plate-like reinforcing materials).
  • a hard metal composite body made of hard material phases such as tungsten carbide and / or carbides or nitrides of the elements of the IVa or Va group of the periodic table, of reinforcing materials and of a binder metal phase such as cobalt, iron or nickel is known from EP 0 448 572 B1 is known as the reinforcing materials either single-crystal platelet-shaped reinforcing material made of borides, carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides of the elements of the IVa or Vla group of the periodic table or mixtures thereof or of SiC, Si 3 N, Si 2 N 2 0,
  • Reinforcement materials made of SiC, Si 3 N4, Si 2 N 2 0, Al 2 0 3 , Zr0 2 ,
  • A1N and / or BN has.
  • the proportion of the reinforcing materials is 2 to 40% by volume, preferably 10 to 20% by volume.
  • US-A-3 647 401 describes anisodimensional tungsten carbide platelets with a maximum dimension between 0.1 to 50 and a largest dimension which is at least three times as large as the smallest dimension. These platelets are bound by cobalt, which is present in an amount of 1 to 30% based on the total body weight. The body has a density of 95% of the theoretical maximum density.
  • CH 522 038 describes a cemented cemented carbide body containing tungsten carbide particles, the mean grain size of which is smaller than 1 ⁇ m, at least 60% of the particles being smaller than 1 ⁇ m.
  • the metal phase content is between 1 to 30% and is composed of 8 to 33% by weight of tungsten and 67 to 62% by weight of cobalt.
  • the largest areas of the anisodimensional WC particles should be oriented practically parallel to a reference line.
  • WO 96/22399 describes a multiphase sintered body which has a first hard phase made of carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides or carbooxynitrides of the elements of the IVa, Va or Vla metals of the periodic table.
  • the second phase consists of a solid solution with particle sizes between 0.01 and 1 / im of carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides and carbooxynitrides of at least two elements of the IVa to Vla group of the periodic table.
  • the binder is composed of cobalt, nickel, iron, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten, as well as mixtures thereof.
  • the sintered body can contain WC platelets made of tungsten carbide with a size between 0.1 and 0.4 p, which are to be formed in situ.
  • microwaves describes electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range of approximately IO 8 to 10 11 Hz (corresponding to a wavelength in a vacuum of approximately 1 mm to 1 m).
  • Commercially available microwave generators generate monochromatic radiation, ie waves with a certain frequency.
  • Generators with 2.45 • IO 9 Hz, which corresponds to a wavelength of 12 cm, are widespread.
  • thermal radiation (Planckian radiation) has a very large frequency bandwidth and in typical sintering processes it has its energy maximum at a wavelength of 1 to 2 ⁇ m. Matter, which is exposed to electromagnetic radiation, can heat up due to the interaction with the field and thereby withdraw energy from the wave field. Since this interaction is strongly frequency-dependent, matter is also heated in the microwave field and by thermal radiation due to various heating mechanisms.
  • the interaction of matter with a microwave field takes place via the electrical dipoles or free charges present in the material.
  • the range of absorption properties of materials for microwaves ranges from transparent (oxide ceramics, some organic polymers) to partially transparent (oxide ceramics, non-oxide ceramics, filled polymers, semiconductors) to reflective (metals).
  • the behavior of a material in the microwave field depends on the microwave frequency and to a large extent on the temperature: material that is microwave-transparent at room temperature can absorb or reflect strongly at elevated temperatures. For most substances, the depth of penetration of the microwaves is much greater than that for infrared radiation, which, depending on the sample size, has the result that the material - in contrast to "skin heating" with infrared radiation - can be heated in volume with microwaves.
  • the penetration depth of microwaves with a frequency of 2.45 GHz at a temperature of 20 ° C (calculated from the measurement of the dielectric constant) is different for different substances and has the following values: 1.7 ⁇ m for aluminum, 2.5 ⁇ m for cobalt
  • a sufficiently fine division of the metallic phases in a mixture with non- or semiconductor powders results in an extremely effective heating system which, microscopically speaking, is based on "ohmic losses" between the grains and high-frequency eddy currents on the single grain.
  • the different behavior of solid bodies and powder-metallurgical pressed bodies in the microwave field can be clearly seen from the penetration depths cited above. More detailed investigations show that the penetration depth of the microwaves in metal or semiconductor compacts also depends on the microwave field strength and becomes significantly lower at higher power densities. This phenomenon is attributed to the shielding of the sample by electrically conductive plasmas, which are ignited in the edge area of the porous compact after the dielectric strength has been reached in the pores.
  • thermofravimetry shows the thermofravimetry, the dilatometry and the dynamic differential calometry in a reaction sintering as a function of the temperature
  • FIG. 3 SEM image of a structure of reaction-sintered WC-6Co hard metals made of 2.4 ⁇ m W powder, which is produced with and without VC by microwave sintering (Fig. A, c) and by conventional sintering (Fig. B, d) has been,
  • Fig. 5 is a SEM image of a hard metal body according to the invention
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the structure of a suitable oven.
  • the microwave with a frequency of 2.45 GHz is generated by a magnetron and guided into the metal resonator housing.
  • the hard metal sinter batch is located inside the resonator and is surrounded by a microwave-transparent, thermal insulation. If the resonator is designed accordingly, the batch is in a homogeneous magnetic field and is heated homogeneously.
  • the batch temperature and the coupled microwave power are used to control the microwave sintering process with a microprocessor.
  • tungsten powder can no longer be carburized in a separate process step, but rather by integrating carburizing into the sintering process.
  • the compacts are produced in the usual way of shaping, starting from a mixture of tungsten, carbon and cobalt powder instead of the tungsten carbide-cobalt powder mixture.
  • the resulting heat of reaction contributes to additional heating in the volume of the compact and enables the sintering process to be shortened.
  • 2 shows the thermogravimetry (TG, DTG), the dilatometry (DIL, DDIL) and the dynamic differential calorimetry (DSC) of a reaction sintering of a WC-6 M% Co hard metal for temperatures from 500 ° C.
  • the endothermic reduction of the oxides present in the tungsten powder can be seen on the DSC signal from 750 "C, which corresponds to the corresponding decrease in mass in thermogravimetry and a first shrinkage stage of the sample in the dilatometer signal.
  • reaction-sintered hard metals Due to the elimination of the separate carburization step and the shortened thermal treatment, the structure of reaction-sintered hard metals has a much finer microstructure than conventionally sintered materials.
  • reaction sintering is carried out using microwave radiation (MWRS), on the one hand a further refinement of the structure is possible, and on the other hand the residual porosity can be significantly reduced compared to conventional reaction sintering (RS).
  • MWRS microwave radiation
  • RS conventional reaction sintering
  • HV30 The Vickers hardness was 1560 after conventional sintering, 1630 after microwave sintering, 1720 after conventional reaction sintering, and 1770 after microwave reaction sintering.
  • reaction sintering in particular microwave reaction sintering, this process offers great potential for simplifying and shortening the process flow and for saving energy in the production of hard metals.
  • upstream and downstream process steps such as mixing, breaking, crushing, etc., are also omitted.
  • a process time gain can also be achieved in this way.
  • WC-6 M% Co-hard metals with differently fine tungsten powders were manufactured using conventional (RS) and microwave heating (MWRS).
  • the tungsten powders used had an average grain size of 0.4 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m and 2.4 ⁇ m (both FSSS) with doping of 0.2 M% VC or missing VC.
  • a quality with an FSSS value of 1.6 ⁇ m was used as the cobalt powder.
  • the microwave reaction sintering process can thus be used to produce dense composite bodies in which WC platelets are embedded in an ultra-fine hard metal matrix with high hardness and strength. These platelets serve as a mechanical reinforcement of the hard metal and are known to increase wear resistance and impact resistance when using this composite body as a cutting material for machining.
  • the present invention can be characterized as follows:
  • the invention has for its object to bring about a simultaneous increase in hardness and toughness in hard metal or Cemert sintered bodies of the type mentioned.
  • the method according to the invention is in no way limited to a possible unimodal initial grain size distribution; rather, powders with a wide or bimodal size distribution can also be used.
  • the sintering of hard metals and cermets in the microwave field enables the structure to be refined compared to conventional sintering technology due to the heating mechanisms described and the shorter sintering times and low sintering temperatures that can be achieved as a result.
  • microwave reaction sintering with mixtures of metallic tungsten powders, carbon and cobalt leads to finer structures than conventional production with WC-Co as the starting material.
  • the reaction sintering of powders which contain both tungsten and carbon, but which can also contain WC in the starting mixture can be carried out completely or as partial reaction sintering, the partial proportions of the reaction sintering being between 1% and 100% (based on the complete sintering process) be.
  • the grain growth in the sintered body can be controlled.
  • the WC platelet growth can also be controlled via the partial proportion of the reaction sintering, as a result of which the platelet concentration in the sintered body can be controlled.
  • the volume fraction of the WC platelets in the total sintered body volume is preferably up to 25 vol%.
  • the platelet portion measured as the area portion of a metallographic cut, should be max. Amount to 20%, whereby all WC crystals are counted with a length / width ratio, the so-called aspect ratio of greater than 3.
  • the maximum aspect ratio is preferably max. 10 + 1.
  • the rate of growth can be controlled.
  • Additional control options result from the addition of grain growth inhibitors, such as, in particular, VC, preferably in the size of 0.2% by mass, which promote platelet growth at the expense of giant grain growth.
  • grain growth inhibitors such as, in particular, VC
  • further control options can be achieved via the temperature holding times and the temperature level during sintering.
  • microwave reaction sintering is that a more homogeneous structure, better compaction, i.e. a lower residual porosity can be achieved as well as shorter sintering times and lower sintering temperatures. This results in lower manufacturing costs.
  • UV powder 0.2% addition of VC, 6% copowder with a grain size of 1.6 ⁇ m and a stoichiometric addition of carbon in the form of carbon black are mixed and with the addition of acetone 36 Hours were milled in a ball mill before 2% wax was then added as a pressing aid, distilled off and granulated.
  • the granules were pressed into green bodies by means of die presses and heated in the microwave sintering oven at 500 ° C./hour to 900 ° C. and then with the onset of the carburization reaction heated to the sintering temperature of 1350 ° C within 10 min using microwaves. After a waiting time of 20 minutes, the sample is cooled by switching off the microwave heating.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un corps fritté en métal dur ou cermet qui est constitué d'une phase formée par une substance dure contenant du CW et d'une phase formée par un liant, ainsi que de plaquettes de CW, et qui a été fritté par irradiation, au moins temporaire, directe avec des micro-ondes. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé-permettant de produire un tel corps, selon lequel les matériaux nécessaires à la formation des phases ainsi que des plaquettes sont chacun soumis à une précompression, sous forme de poudre, puis à un frittage réactionnel dans un champ de micro-ondes d'une densité d'énergie de 0,01 à 10 W/cm3.
EP98919052A 1997-03-10 1998-03-06 Corps fritte en metal dur ou cermet et son procede de production Expired - Lifetime EP0966550B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19709527 1997-03-10
DE19709527 1997-03-10
DE19725914 1997-06-19
DE19725914A DE19725914A1 (de) 1997-03-10 1997-06-19 Hartmetall- oder Cermet-Sinterkörper und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
PCT/DE1998/000674 WO1998040525A1 (fr) 1997-03-10 1998-03-06 Corps fritte en metal dur ou cermet et son procede de production

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0966550A1 true EP0966550A1 (fr) 1999-12-29
EP0966550B1 EP0966550B1 (fr) 2001-10-04

Family

ID=26034637

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98919052A Expired - Lifetime EP0966550B1 (fr) 1997-03-10 1998-03-06 Corps fritte en metal dur ou cermet et son procede de production

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6293986B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0966550B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE206481T1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998040525A1 (fr)

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US8574686B2 (en) * 2006-12-15 2013-11-05 General Electric Company Microwave brazing process for forming coatings
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EP3057924B1 (fr) 2013-10-14 2019-10-30 United Technologies Corporation Procédé de pyrolyse d'un matériau polymère précéramique à l'aide d'un rayonnement électromagnétique
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6293986B1 (en) 2001-09-25
WO1998040525A1 (fr) 1998-09-17
ATE206481T1 (de) 2001-10-15
EP0966550B1 (fr) 2001-10-04

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