EP0905108A1 - Partikelfreies gaserzeugendes Gemisch - Google Patents
Partikelfreies gaserzeugendes Gemisch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0905108A1 EP0905108A1 EP98118023A EP98118023A EP0905108A1 EP 0905108 A1 EP0905108 A1 EP 0905108A1 EP 98118023 A EP98118023 A EP 98118023A EP 98118023 A EP98118023 A EP 98118023A EP 0905108 A1 EP0905108 A1 EP 0905108A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- weight
- mixture according
- nitrate
- ammonium nitrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitroguanidine Chemical compound NC(=N)N[N+]([O-])=O IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UAGLZAPCOXRKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;1,2,3-triaminoguanidine Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.NNC(NN)=NN UAGLZAPCOXRKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000028 HMX Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- QHDUJTCUPWHNPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 7-methoxy-2h-indazole-3-carboxylate Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC2=C(C(=O)OC)NN=C21 QHDUJTCUPWHNPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CMUOJBJRZUHRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrourea Chemical compound NC(=O)N[N+]([O-])=O CMUOJBJRZUHRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octogen Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims 2
- QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=NC(=O)NN1 QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JGDFBJMWFLXCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper chromite Chemical compound [Cu]=O.[Cu]=O.O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O JGDFBJMWFLXCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanic acid Chemical compound OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-tetrazole Substances C=1N=NNN=1 KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAKYASSDAXQKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde Chemical compound CC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O BAKYASSDAXQKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoguanidine Chemical compound NNC(N)=N HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 nitrotriazalon Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
Definitions
- the invention relates to a particle-free gas-generating mixture for use in gas generators for safety devices, in particular in gas generators for vehicle occupant restraint systems.
- Gas generators for safety devices usually contain a solid fuel based on sodium azide as a gas supplier Main component.
- sodium azide is toxic and can become easily with heavy metals forming extremely dangerous and violent implement reacting connections. Therefore, both in manufacturing the gas-generating mixtures as well as in the disposal Defective or unused gas generators require special measures.
- blowing agents containing sodium azide also a range of solids through suitable filter devices removed from the gas flow in the gas generator or in the gas generator have to be held back. There have therefore been attempts to Production of blowing agents which burn off essentially without residues undertaken.
- US-A-5 545 272 describes a gas generating composition which consists essentially of 35 to 55 wt .-% nitroguanidine and about 45 to 65 wt .-% phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate.
- phase stabilizing agents are potassium salts, e.g. Potassium nitrate and potassium perchlorate, but also potassium dichromate, Potassium oxalate and mixtures thereof in an amount from 5 to about 25 % By weight, preferably 10 to 15%.
- the gas generating composition of US-A-5 545 272 can due to the relatively high proportion of phase stabilizing additives not residue-free for the ammonium nitrate, i.e. without solid combustion residues burn down.
- phase stabilizing additives not residue-free for the ammonium nitrate, i.e. without solid combustion residues burn down.
- smoke formation caused by filter devices in the gas generator can only be suppressed incompletely.
- the known mixture is difficult to ignite and has a relative low burning rate.
- the high proportion of ammonium nitrate also leads to a high hygroscopicity, which occurs during processing. Storage and use in the gas generator an increased Effort requires an undesirable change in the fuel mixture to prevent.
- DE 195 05 568 A1 discloses a propellant for gas generators, the fuel as at least one compound from the group Tetrazoles, triazoles, triazines, cyanic acid, urea, their derivatives, Descendants or their salts, at least three as oxidizing agents Compounds from the group of peroxides, nitrates, chlorates or Perchlorate, as well as combustion moderators and the proportion of toxic Contains gas reducing supplements. Can be used as urea derivatives Biuret, guanidine, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine, Aminoguanidine nitrate, thiourea and triaminoguanidine nitrate be used.
- the invention accordingly provides an acid-free, particle-free burning, gas generating mixture for use in a gas generator ready for a safety device, which consists of a high-energy Fuel with an oxygen value of not less than -35%, with an oxidizer mixture of ammonium nitrate and ammonium perchlorate an ammonium nitrate content of 35 to 50 wt .-% and an ammonium perchlorate content of between 3 and 10% by weight, based in each case on the Total weight of the mixture, possibly a phase stabilizing one Additive for the ammonium nitrate in a proportion of at most 5% by weight, based on the weight of the ammonium nitrate, Burning moderators in a proportion of 0 to 3 wt .-%, based on the Total weight of the mixture and processing aids in one Proportion of 0 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture, consists.
- the total water content of the gas-generating mixture is at most 0.3%.
- the ammonium nitrate content is preferably between 40 and 50%, particularly preferably between 40 and 45%.
- the ammonium perchlorate content is preferably in the range between 3 and 7% by weight.
- the high-energy fuel is preferably from guanidine nitrate, Nitroguanidine, triaminoguanidine nitrate, urea nitrate, Nitro urea, nitropenta, nitrotriazalon, hexogen, octogen or their mixtures selected existing group. Particularly preferred is the fuel guanidine nitrate and / or nitroguanidine. The latter is the most preferred fuel.
- the ammonium nitrate used in the invention can be small amounts contain phase stabilizing additives to increase storage stability, those made of copper oxide, zinc oxide, complex zinc compounds or mixtures of existing groups are selected. It it has been found that, in contrast to those in US-A-5 545 272 required amounts of 10 to 15% of potassium compounds for phase stabilization in the application according to the invention at most 5% of the mentioned additives are needed. Surprisingly, was found. that while controlling the water content of the overall mixture the proportion of phase-stabilizing additives reduced to zero can be. While phase stabilizing at water contents of 0.1 to 0.3% Additions of 3 to 5% to ensure storage stability can be used if the water content is below 0.1% phase-stabilizing additives are completely dispensed with. All in all this results in a reduction in solid emissions compared to US Pat. No. 5,545,272 by the mixture according to the invention from 50 to 100%.
- the compounds known in the art can be used as the combustion moderator. These include transition metal compounds and carbon black.
- the transition metal compounds can be selected from the group of transition metal oxides, hydroxides, nitrates, carbonates and organometallic compounds of the transition metals. Exemplary examples of this are iron oxides, copper oxides, chromium oxides, zinc oxide, copper chromite, basic copper nitrate, zinc carbonate, copper resorcylate and ferrocene.
- carbon black as a combustion moderator, optionally in a mixture with transition metal compounds, is preferred, however, because carbon black is inexpensive on the one hand and burns off without residue with the formation of CO 2 .
- processing aids are added, which from the from the Pressing aids, trickling aids or lubricants existing group selected are.
- processing aids are Polyethylene glycol, cellulose, methyl cellulose, graphite, wax, magnesium stearate, Zinc stearate, boron nitride, talc, bentonite, silicon dioxide or molybdenum sulfide.
- Ammonium nitrate content ensures that the inherently unfavorable properties, such as. the low structural stability, hygroscopicity, the poor willingness to ignite and the slow burning rate of mixtures containing ammonium nitrate through the addition of ammonium perchlorate can be compensated.
- an ammonium perchlorate content of less than 3% there is no significant improvement with regard to the willingness to ignite and the burning rate of the Fuel.
- An ammonium perchlorate content of above 10% by weight leads to the formation of free hydrogen chloride, which is due to the strict toxicity requirements for propellant gases for occupant protection systems is undesirable.
- ammonium perchlorate leads also in the small proportion of 3 to 10% by weight Increase in the willingness to ignite and burning rate of the invention Propellant. Due to the higher oxygen content of Ammonium perchlorate can also the ammonium nitrate in the Mixture can be reduced more.
- the invention thus creates a gas yield of up to 100 percent burning gas-generating mixture from which an essentially particle-free gas mixture is released and that physiologically is harmless.
- the use of an oxidizer mixture Ammonium nitrate and ammonium perchlorate also ensure good Willingness to ignite and a high burning rate. At the same time points the mixture according to the invention has high thermal and chemical stability on.
- a temperature storage test at 110 ° C. was also carried out with the mixture carried out over 400 h.
- the measured weight loss was below 0.8%; the mixture is therefore sufficiently stable.
- a thermal shock test was also carried out on tablets with different moisture contents.
- the tablets were first dried in vacuo ( ⁇ 1 mbar) at 100 ° C for 18 hours, then part of it was in a desiccator over 8 hours at 45% rel. Moisture again moistened in a defined way.
- the H 2 O content of the dried tablets was 0.08%, the H 2 O content of the moistened tablets was 0.30%.
- the tablets were hermetically sealed in an aluminum container and subjected to a temperature change between - 35 ° C and + 85 ° C (56 cycles). While the tablets with the increased moisture content swelled strongly after the test, were partially broken and thus had become unusable for the intended use, the dry tablets showed no change in their mechanical properties.
- Example 1 The tablets with a moisture content of 0.20% were the in Example 1 subjected to thermal cycling. After The tablets showed no change when the stress was complete their mechanical properties.
- Example 1 Tablets processed and ignited in a gas generator 51.5 g dried nitroguanidine, 40.0 g dried ammonium nitrate, 8.0 g of dried ammonium perchlorate, 2 g of copper chromite and 0.5 g of carbon black was added in the manner described in Example 1 Tablets processed and ignited in a gas generator.
- the average burning rate at 200 bar was 23 mm / s.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
- Azidfreies, partikelfrei abbrennendes, gaserzeugendes Gemisch zur Verwendung in einem Gasgenerator für eine Sicherheitseinrichtung, insbesondere für ein Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesystem, mit einem Gesamtwassergehalt des gaserzeugenden Gemischs von höchstens 0,3%, bestehend aus:a) einem energiereichen Brennstoff mit einem Sauerstoffwert von nicht unter -35%;b) einem Oxidatorgemisch aus Ammoniumnitrat und Ammoniumperchlorat, wobei das Ammoniumnitrat in einem Anteil von 35 bis 50 Gew.-% und das Ammoniumperchlorat in einem Anteil von 3 bis 10 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Gemischs, enthalten ist;c) gegebenenfalls einem phascnstabilisierenden Zusatz für das Ammoniumnitrat in einem Anteil von höchstens 5 Gew.%, bezogen auf das Gewicht des Ammoniumnitrats;d) 0 bis 3 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Gemischs, Abbrandmoderatoren; unde) 0 bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Gemischs, Verarbeitungshilfsmittel.
- Gemisch nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Brennstoff aus der aus Guanidinnitrat, Nitroguanidin, Triaminoguanidinnitrat, Harnstoffnitrat, Nitroharnstoff, Nitropenta, Nitrotriazolon, Hexogen, Oktogen oder deren Mischungen bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt ist.
- Gemisch nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Brennstoff Guanidinnitrat und/oder Nitroguanidin ist.
- Gemisch nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Brennstoff Nitroguanidin ist.
- Gemisch nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der phasenstabilisierende Zusatz aus der aus Kupferoxid, Zinkoxid, einer komplexen Zinkverbindung oder deren Gemische bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt ist.
- Gemisch nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abbrandmoderator Ruß ist.
- Gemisch nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abbrandmoderator eine Übergangsmetallverbindung, vorzugsweise im Gemisch mit Ruß, ist.
- Gemisch nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Übergangsmetallverbindung aus der Gruppe der Übergangsmetalloxide, -hydroxide, -nitrate, -carbonate und metallorganischer Verbindungen der Übergangsmetalle ausgewählt ist.
- Gemisch nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verarbeitungshilfsmittel aus der aus den Preßhilfen, Rieselhilfen oder Gleitmittel bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt sind.
- Gemisch nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verarbeitungshilfsmittel aus der aus Polyethylenglykol, Zellulose, Methylzellulose, Graphit, Wachs, Magnesiumstearat, Zinkstearat, Bornitrid, Talkum, Bentonit und Molybdänsulfid sowie deren Gemische bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt sind.
- Gemisch nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gesamtwassergehalt des Gemischs 0,1 bis 0,3 Gew.-% und der Anteil an phasenstabilisierenden Zusätzen für das Ammoniumnitrat 3 bis 5% beträgt.
- Gemisch nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gesamtwassergehalt des Gemischs unter 0,1 Gew.-% liegt und daß das Ammoniumnitrat frei von phasenstabilisierenden Zusätzen ist.
- Gemisch nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gemisch zusammengesetzt ist aus:51,5 Gew.-% Nitroguanidin;43,0 Gew.-% Ammoniumnitrat;5,0 Gew.-% Ammoniumperchlorat;0,5 Gew.-% Ruß.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19742203A DE19742203A1 (de) | 1997-09-24 | 1997-09-24 | Partikelfreies gaserzeugendes Gemisch |
| DE19742203 | 1997-09-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0905108A1 true EP0905108A1 (de) | 1999-03-31 |
| EP0905108B1 EP0905108B1 (de) | 2002-11-27 |
Family
ID=7843508
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98118023A Expired - Lifetime EP0905108B1 (de) | 1997-09-24 | 1998-09-23 | Partikelfreies gaserzeugendes Gemisch |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5989367A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0905108B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19742203A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000014032A1 (fr) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-16 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Composition emettant du gaz |
| WO2000015584A1 (fr) * | 1998-09-14 | 2000-03-23 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Composition generatrice de gaz |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6296724B1 (en) * | 1998-07-21 | 2001-10-02 | Trw Inc. | Gas generating composition for an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device |
| US6132538A (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2000-10-17 | Autoliv Development Ab | High gas yield generant compositions |
| DE29821544U1 (de) | 1998-12-02 | 1999-02-18 | TRW Airbag Systems GmbH & Co. KG, 84544 Aschau | Azidfreie, gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung |
| DE29821541U1 (de) | 1998-12-02 | 1999-02-18 | TRW Airbag Systems GmbH & Co. KG, 84544 Aschau | Azidfreie, gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung |
| US6017404A (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-01-25 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Nonazide ammonium nitrate based gas generant compositions that burn at ambient pressure |
| US6143102A (en) * | 1999-05-06 | 2000-11-07 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Burn rate-enhanced basic copper nitrate-containing gas generant compositions and methods |
| US6176950B1 (en) * | 1999-05-17 | 2001-01-23 | James C. Wood | Ammonium nitrate and paraffinic material based gas generating propellants |
| US6149746A (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2000-11-21 | Trw Inc. | Ammonium nitrate gas generating composition |
| US6361630B2 (en) * | 1999-08-17 | 2002-03-26 | Trw Inc. | Cool burning gas generating composition |
| US20030066584A1 (en) * | 2000-03-01 | 2003-04-10 | Burns Sean P. | Gas generant composition |
| US6550808B1 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2003-04-22 | Autoliv Asp. Inc. | Guanylurea nitrate in gas generation |
| US6547900B2 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2003-04-15 | Breed Automotive Technology, Inc. | Method of stabilizing the density of gas generant pellets containing nitroguanidine |
| US6589375B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2003-07-08 | Talley Defense Systems, Inc. | Low solids gas generant having a low flame temperature |
| US6875295B2 (en) | 2001-12-27 | 2005-04-05 | Trw Inc. | Cool burning gas generating material for a vehicle occupant protection apparatus |
| DE10230402B4 (de) * | 2002-07-05 | 2007-01-11 | Trw Airbag Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gaserzeugenden Zusammensetzung |
| US7758709B2 (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2010-07-20 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Monolithic gas generant grains |
| US9193639B2 (en) * | 2007-03-27 | 2015-11-24 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Methods of manufacturing monolithic generant grains |
| US8057611B2 (en) * | 2007-08-13 | 2011-11-15 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Multi-composition pyrotechnic grain |
| WO2009126182A1 (en) * | 2008-04-10 | 2009-10-15 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Monolithic gas generants containing perchlorate-based oxidizers and methods for manufacture thereof |
| US8815029B2 (en) | 2008-04-10 | 2014-08-26 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | High performance gas generating compositions |
| US8808476B2 (en) | 2008-11-12 | 2014-08-19 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Gas generating compositions having glass fibers |
| US9051223B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-06-09 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Generant grain assembly formed of multiple symmetric pieces |
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- 1998-09-23 DE DE59806422T patent/DE59806422D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-24 US US09/159,917 patent/US5989367A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000014032A1 (fr) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-16 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Composition emettant du gaz |
| WO2000015584A1 (fr) * | 1998-09-14 | 2000-03-23 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Composition generatrice de gaz |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0905108B1 (de) | 2002-11-27 |
| DE19742203A1 (de) | 1999-03-25 |
| DE59806422D1 (de) | 2003-01-09 |
| US5989367A (en) | 1999-11-23 |
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