EP1397785A1 - Devices and methods for simplifying ocr-based enforcement in automatic toll systems - Google Patents
Devices and methods for simplifying ocr-based enforcement in automatic toll systemsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1397785A1 EP1397785A1 EP02747216A EP02747216A EP1397785A1 EP 1397785 A1 EP1397785 A1 EP 1397785A1 EP 02747216 A EP02747216 A EP 02747216A EP 02747216 A EP02747216 A EP 02747216A EP 1397785 A1 EP1397785 A1 EP 1397785A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- vehicle
- mus
- pattern
- optical pattern
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000012015 optical character recognition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003909 pattern recognition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
- G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
- G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
- G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/017—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled identifying vehicles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for monitoring the correct operation of a tolling device of a vehicle with a vehicle registration number.
- the invention further relates to a monitoring system for monitoring the correct operation of a tolling device of a vehicle license plate.
- OCR optical character recognition
- the toll debt is settled on an ongoing basis via communication with the toll infrastructure or through facilities similar to prepaid cards.
- the identity of the vehicle is not known in the latter.
- the proper payment of the toll debt is to be monitored or a potential toll bouncer identified.
- a system of the type mentioned at the outset is described, for example, in WO 99/66455.
- a device for checking the proper operation of a tolling device is arranged on the roadside, the tolling device being arranged in a vehicle with a license plate passing through the device and communication taking place between the toll device and the device. If the device recognizes on the basis of the communication with the tolling device that the tolling device is not being operated properly, the number plate of the vehicle is recorded by means of a recording device.
- a disadvantage of this device is that a communication link must be established between the toll device and the device, which is why the manufacture of this device is associated with high costs. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a way which makes it possible to recognize toll bouncers in a simple and inexpensive manner or to recognize the proper functioning of the toll collection device.
- This object is achieved according to the invention with a method of the type mentioned in the introduction in that at least one optical pattern / signal which can be predetermined and which is characteristic of the operating state of the tolling device is generated in the area of the vehicle front.
- the predefinable optical pattern / signal is generated by means of at least one light-emitting diode.
- the optical pattern / signal is an infrared pattern / signal, the light-emitting diode being an infrared light-emitting diode.
- optical pattern / signal is detected by means of an optically sensitive sensor.
- the optical pattern / signal can be detected using an infrared camera.
- the license plate of the vehicle can be detected when it passes a control point.
- a device of the type mentioned at the outset is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention, which is set up to set up in the area of the vehicle front at least one specifiable optical pattern / signal which is characteristic of the operating state of the tolling device.
- At least one light-emitting diode is expediently provided for generating the predefinable optical pattern / signal.
- the device is set up to generate an infrared pattern / signal, wherein an infrared light-emitting diode can be provided for generating the infrared pattern / signal.
- the monitoring system is advantageously set up to detect the optical pattern / signal by means of an optically sensitive sensor.
- the monitoring system can be set up to detect the optical pattern / signal by means of an infrared camera.
- the monitoring system is set up to detect the license plate of the vehicle when it passes a control point when a pattern / signal is generated which corresponds to improper operation of the tolling device.
- FIG. 1 shows a system for recording and paying tolls with a tolling device arranged on board the vehicle for determining the tolls;
- FIG. 2 shows the tolling device from FIG. 1 in more detail and a reader for booking a user authorization onto the tolling device;
- FIG. 3 shows a magnetic card with a code for booking a user authorization onto the tolling device
- FIG. 4 shows a toll system with a billing center external to the vehicle in addition to the toll payment device internal to the vehicle;
- Fig. 6 is a display arranged in the windshield area of a vehicle for the enforcement display.
- a toll system SYS for locating a vehicle FAR can have a position detection system PSE, for example the known “Global Positioning System” or GPS system for short.
- the vehicles FA1, FA2 can have the tolling devices BEI, BE2, which are set up to receive data from the position determination system PSE and to calculate the location coordinates OKO of the vehicle FA1, FA2 therefrom.
- the route STR traveled can be determined on the basis of the location coordinates OKO, for example on the basis of a signature SIG calculated from the location coordinates OKO.
- the route STR traveled by a vehicle FA1, FA2 is subject to toll, it can be checked whether the vehicle FA1, FA2 is authorized to use the route subject to toll.
- the user authorization BER can be implemented, for example, as a credit GUT and stored in a memory SPR of the tolling device BEI, wherein this tolling device BEI can be set up to calculate the toll fees GEB incurred and to be debited from the credit GUT. If the GUT credit has been used up and there is no further use authorization BER, the vehicle FAR may no longer use toll roads STR.
- the toll payment device BEI with a user authorization BER stored in it is referred to below as a prepaid card WER.
- the BER user authorization does not only have to be a GUT credit.
- the user authorization BER can also be implemented, for example, as a time card ZEI stored in the memory SPR of the prepaid card WER, which entitles the user to use predefinable, toll roads STR within a certain period of time, etc. (FIG. 2).
- the type of user authorization BER desired by a vehicle owner can be transmitted, for example, as a code COD into the toll payment device BEV.
- a predefinable code CO1, CO2, CO3 can be assigned to each type of user authorization BER in a storage unit SP1 of the tolling device BEV (FIG. 2).
- a first code CO1 can be assigned to a time card ZEI for all toll roads STR in a predeterminable area, while another code CO2 tops up a GUT credit by a predeterminable amount, or a third code CO3 increases a route credit SGH by a predeterminable amount etc.
- the control STE of the tolling device BEV can identify and activate or activate the corresponding user authorization BER by comparing the code COD acquired by the user with the codes CO1, CO2, CO3 stored in the storage unit SP1.
- the code COD can be transmitted, for example, by means of an input device EIV which is connected to the value card WEK in a line or non-line manner.
- Examples of a wired connection between the input device EIV and the tolling device BEV would be copper wire, glass fiber, etc.
- Examples of a non-wired connection are radio, infrared transmission, laser, etc.
- the code COl, CO2, CO3 can be encrypted and transferred to the WEK prepaid card in a form that cannot be recognized by the user.
- the code COD can be stored on a mobile data carrier.
- the input device EIV is designed as a reading device LES for mobile data carriers in order to transmit the user authorization BER or the code COD into the tolling device.
- the reading device LES can be set up to end the transfer process of the code COD into the toll payment device BEV with a cancellation of the mobile data carrier.
- This cancellation can consist, for example, in that the information contained on the mobile data carrier is deleted by the reading device or in that a value WER, which indicates the validity of the mobile data carrier, is set from "valid" to "invalid" (FIG. 3).
- a communication connection can also be established between the tolling device BE2 and a billing center ABZ, in which case the user authorization BER can be provided in the billing center, preferably in the form of an account KON assigned to the vehicle, from which the toll charges incurred GEB can be debited.
- the tolling device BE2 which can exchange data with the accounting center ABZ, is referred to as the calculation unit OBU.
- a monitoring system UES for monitoring the proper operation of a tolling device BEV has a control ST1 and a display DIP connected to it, which is set up to display a predefinable pattern MUS (FIG. 6).
- the optical pattern MUS depends on the current operating state of the toll device BEI, BE2, z. B. whether a valid user authorization BER is available or whether the tolling device BEI, BE2 is switched on.
- the control ST1 can monitor the state of the user authorization BER in the prepaid card WEK or in the billing center ABZ, and whether the tolling device BEI, BE2 is switched on or off.
- the control ST1 controls the display DIP as a function of the operating state of the tolling device BEI, BE2 on which a pattern MUS corresponding to the current operating state is shown.
- the display can have DIP light-emitting diodes LED or infrared light-emitting diodes.
- the calculation unit OBU can be set up to query and save the state of the user authorization BER via a radio network FUN, for example the GSM network, at predefinable time intervals.
- a radio network FUN for example the GSM network
- Unauthorized manipulations by the driver on the prepaid card WEK or on the calculation unit OBU can also be detected by the control ST1 of the monitoring system UES assigned to the corresponding vehicle FA1, FA2.
- the control ST1 of the monitoring system can be set up to display a pattern MUS intended for this purpose on the display, for example a luminous LED, if the wrong code COD for a user authorization BER is entered into the prepaid card WEK.
- the entry of the ascent or descent on a toll route STR i. H. the toll payment device BEV is activated by the driver of the vehicle FAR using a suitable input device, for example a button on the prepaid card WEK.
- the control ST1 generates a corresponding optical pattern MUS on the display DIP, for example two illuminated light-emitting diodes LED, while when the value card WEK is switched off, a pattern MUS characterizing this state is generated is generated, for example none of the light emitting diodes LED emits light.
- the pattern MUS is used to indicate whether the driver of the FAR vehicle is a potential or actual toll bouncer.
- travel history positions or the signature SIG of the route STR and any information about the time of use can be stored in a memory SP3 of the prepaid card WEK or the accounting center ABZ and, if necessary, for Will be provided. This procedure avoids online communication between the tolling device and the accounting center.
- the pattern can also be changed externally, for example via a GSM broadcast request.
- the pattern change can also be region-dependent when using a communication-capable computing unit OBU, or when changing a cell phone cell, via which the broadcast functionality of the cell phone network can be triggered.
- That the valid pattern, which corresponds to a permissible operating state, is not fixed, but can also be triggered, for example, according to a time grid, position-dependent, or by external events such as the cell radio. This prevents truck drivers from driving around with dummy LED lights and agreeing on the pattern to be set
- the optical pattern is advantageously represented as an infrared pattern. Infrared patterns can be recognized by cheap interference filters on an infrared camera KAM, with correspondingly high light output of the LEDs, with a much higher signal-to-noise ratio than number plates with purely passive number plate OCR. The detection of some simple patterns is also possible with much higher reliability.
- the monitoring system UES according to the invention is therefore not used for communication, as in WO 99/66455 mentioned at the outset, but rather serves to reduce the frequency of the more complex and significantly more unreliable number plate OCR under the expected environmental conditions. In the case of centrally performed OCR, this significantly reduces the data volume between the fixed enforcement stations and the OCR center.
- Mobile monitoring can also be carried out using an infrared camera.
- preselection can also be carried out via additional LED sources in the visible area.
- signaling in the visible range can also generally take place.
- FAR vehicles There are three types of FAR vehicles within the booking area:
- FAR vehicles without or with an invalid (manipulated) IR / LED signature these are either toll bouncers, as are possible in principle with any automatic toll method; or these are toll participants with defective toll payment devices BEV, or missing or invalid user authorizations BER, for example blocked account KON or used up credit GUT. All of these participants can be recognized at appropriate control stations (fixed or mobile) and treated according to defined rules.
- the invention makes it possible to ensure that the correct operation of toll collection devices is monitored in a simple manner.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
- Character Input (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
EINRICHTUNGEN UND METHODEN ZUR VEREINFACHUNG DES OCR-BASIERTEN FACILITIES AND METHODS TO SIMPLIFY THE OCR-BASED
ENFORCEMENTS BEI AUTOMATISCHEN MAUTSYSTEMENENFORCEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC TOLLING SYSTEMS
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Überwachung des ordnungsgemäßen Betriebs einer Bemautungsvorrichtung eines Fahrzeugs mit einem Fahrzeugkennzeichen.The invention relates to a method for monitoring the correct operation of a tolling device of a vehicle with a vehicle registration number.
Weiters betrifft die Erfindung ein Überwachungssystem zur Überwachung des ordnungsgemäßen Betriebs einer Bemautungsvorrichtung eines Fahrzeugkennzeichen.The invention further relates to a monitoring system for monitoring the correct operation of a tolling device of a vehicle license plate.
Bei automatischen Mautsystemen wird im Zuge der Überwachung der ordnungsgemäßen Entrichtung von Mautgebühren bzw. bei der Erkennung von Mautprellern häufig eine auf optischer Mustererkennung oder „Optical Charakter Recognition" kurz OCR basierende Kennzeichenerkennung angewendet wobei üblicherweise eine hoheIn the case of automatic toll systems, in the course of monitoring the proper payment of tolls or when recognizing toll bouncers, a license plate recognition based on optical pattern recognition or "Optical Character Recognition", or OCR for short, is often used, usually high
Erkennungswahrscheinlichkeit gefordert ist. Die Leistungsfähigkeit von OCR ist stark von den Umgebungsbedingungen (Witterung) abhängig, erfordert entweder hohe lokale Rechenleistung oder ein hohes Datenaufkommen zu einem zentralen OCR-Host.Detection probability is required. The performance of OCR is strongly dependent on the environmental conditions (weather), requires either high local computing power or a high data volume to a central OCR host.
Bei manchen Mautsystemen erfolgt die Begleichung der Mautschuld laufend per Kommunikation mit der Mautinfrastruktur oder über wertkartenähnliche Einrichtungen. Im ersten Fall ist die Identität des Fahrzeugs bekannt im letzteren nicht. In beiden Fällen ist aber die ordnungsgemäße Begleichung der Mautschuld zu überwachen bzw. ein potentieller Mautpreller zu erkennen.With some toll systems, the toll debt is settled on an ongoing basis via communication with the toll infrastructure or through facilities similar to prepaid cards. In the first case, the identity of the vehicle is not known in the latter. In both cases, however, the proper payment of the toll debt is to be monitored or a potential toll bouncer identified.
Ein System der eingangs genannten Art ist beispielsweise in der WO 99/66455 beschrieben. Dabei ist eine Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle des ordnungsgemäßen Betriebs einer Bemautungsvorrichtung straßenseitig angeordnet, wobei die Bemautungsvorrichtung in einem die Vorrichtung passierendem Fahrzeug mit Nummernschild angeordnet ist und zwischen dem Mautgerät und der Vorrichtung eine Kommunikation stattfindet. Erkennt die Vorrichtung anhand der Kommunikation mit der Bemautungsvorrichtung, dass die Bemautungsvorrichtung nicht ordnungsgemäß betrieben wird, so wird das Nummerschild des Fahrzeuges mittels einer Aufnahmeeinrichtung aufgenommen.A system of the type mentioned at the outset is described, for example, in WO 99/66455. In this case, a device for checking the proper operation of a tolling device is arranged on the roadside, the tolling device being arranged in a vehicle with a license plate passing through the device and communication taking place between the toll device and the device. If the device recognizes on the basis of the communication with the tolling device that the tolling device is not being operated properly, the number plate of the vehicle is recorded by means of a recording device.
Nachteilig an dieser Vorrichtung ist jedoch, dass zwischen dem Mautgerät und der Vorrichtung eine Kommunikationsverbindung aufgebaut werden muss, weshalb die Herstellung dieser Vorrichtung mit hohen Kosten verbunden ist. Es ist daher eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Weg zu schaffen, der es ermöglicht auf einfache und kostengünstige Art Mautpreller zu erkennen bzw. die ordnungsgemäße Funktionsweise der Bemautungseinrichtung zu erkennen.A disadvantage of this device, however, is that a communication link must be established between the toll device and the device, which is why the manufacture of this device is associated with high costs. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a way which makes it possible to recognize toll bouncers in a simple and inexpensive manner or to recognize the proper functioning of the toll collection device.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass im Bereich der Fahrzeugfront zumindest ein für den Betriebszustand der Bemautungsvorrichtung charakteristisches, vorgebbares optisches Muster/ Signal erzeugt wird.This object is achieved according to the invention with a method of the type mentioned in the introduction in that at least one optical pattern / signal which can be predetermined and which is characteristic of the operating state of the tolling device is generated in the area of the vehicle front.
In einer vorteilhaften Variante der Erfindung wird das vorgebbare optische Muster/ Signal mittels zumindest einer Leuchtdiode erzeugt.In an advantageous variant of the invention, the predefinable optical pattern / signal is generated by means of at least one light-emitting diode.
In einer bevorzugten Ausfuhrungsform der Erfindung ist das optische Muster/ Signal ein Infrarot-Muster/ Signal, wobei die Leuchtdiode eine Infrarot-Leuchtdiode ist.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the optical pattern / signal is an infrared pattern / signal, the light-emitting diode being an infrared light-emitting diode.
Weitere Vorteile lassen sich dadurch erzielen, dass das optische Muster/ Signal mittels eines optisch empfindlichen Sensors detektiert wird.Further advantages can be achieved in that the optical pattern / signal is detected by means of an optically sensitive sensor.
Darüber hinaus kann das optische Muster/ Signal mittels einer Infrarot-Kamera detektiert werden.In addition, the optical pattern / signal can be detected using an infrared camera.
Bei Erzeugung eines Musters/ Signals, welches einem nicht ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb der Bemautungsvorrichtung entspricht, kann das Kennzeichen des Fahrzeuges bei Passieren einer Kontrollstelle erfasst werden.When a pattern / signal is generated which corresponds to improper operation of the tolling device, the license plate of the vehicle can be detected when it passes a control point.
Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eignet sich insbesondere eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art, welche dazu eingerichtet ist, es dazu eingerichtet ist, im Bereich der Fahrzeugfront zumindest ein für den Betriebszustand der Bemautungsvorrichtung charakteristisches, vorgebbares optisches Muster/Signal zu erzeugen.A device of the type mentioned at the outset is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention, which is set up to set up in the area of the vehicle front at least one specifiable optical pattern / signal which is characteristic of the operating state of the tolling device.
Günstigerweise ist zur Erzeugung des vorgebbaren optischen Musters/ Signals zumindest eine Leuchtdiode vorgesehen.At least one light-emitting diode is expediently provided for generating the predefinable optical pattern / signal.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Vorrichtung dazu eingerichtet, ein Infrarot-Muster/ Signal zu erzeugen, wobei zur Erzeugung des Infrarot-Musters/ Signals eine Infrarot-Leuchtdiode vorgesehen sein kann. Vorteilhafterweise ist das Überwachungssystem dazu eingerichtet, das optische Muster/Signal mittels eines optisch empfindlichen Sensors zu detektieren.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the device is set up to generate an infrared pattern / signal, wherein an infrared light-emitting diode can be provided for generating the infrared pattern / signal. The monitoring system is advantageously set up to detect the optical pattern / signal by means of an optically sensitive sensor.
Weiters kann das Überwachungssystem dazu eingerichtet sein, das optische Muster/ Signal mittels einer Infrarot-Kamera zu detektieren.Furthermore, the monitoring system can be set up to detect the optical pattern / signal by means of an infrared camera.
Weitere Vorteile lassen sich dadurch erzielen, dass das Überwachungssystem dazu eingerichtet ist, bei Erzeugung eines Musters/ Signals welches einem nicht ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb der Bemautungsvorrichtung entspricht das Kennzeichen des Fahrzeuges bei Passieren einer Kontrollstelle zu erfassen.Further advantages can be achieved in that the monitoring system is set up to detect the license plate of the vehicle when it passes a control point when a pattern / signal is generated which corresponds to improper operation of the tolling device.
Die Erfindung samt weiterer Vorteile wird im folgenden anhand einiger nicht einschränkender Ausführungsbeispiele, die in der Zeichnung dargestellt sind näher erläutert. In dieser zeigen schematisch:The invention together with further advantages is explained in more detail below with the aid of some non-limiting exemplary embodiments which are illustrated in the drawing. This shows schematically:
Fig. 1 ein System zur Erfassung und Entrichtung von Mautgebühren mit einer an Bord des Fahrzeuges angeordneten Bemautungsvorrichtung zur Ermittlung der Mautgebühren;1 shows a system for recording and paying tolls with a tolling device arranged on board the vehicle for determining the tolls;
Fig. la die Bemautungsvorrichtung aus Fig. 1 im näheren Detail;Fig. La the tolling device of Figure 1 in more detail.
Fig. 2 die Bemautungsvorrichtung aus Fig. 1 im näheren Detail und ein Lesegerät zum Aufbuchen einer Benutzerberechtigung auf die Bemautungsvorrichtung;FIG. 2 shows the tolling device from FIG. 1 in more detail and a reader for booking a user authorization onto the tolling device;
Fig. 3 eine Magnetkarte mit einem Code zum Aufbuchen einer Benutzerberechtigung auf die Bemautungsvorrichtung;3 shows a magnetic card with a code for booking a user authorization onto the tolling device;
Fig. 4 ein Mautsystem mit einem fahrzeugexternen Abrechnungszentrum zusätzlich zu der fahrzeuginternen Bemautungsvorrichtung;4 shows a toll system with a billing center external to the vehicle in addition to the toll payment device internal to the vehicle;
Fig. 5 ein erfindungsgemäßes Überwachungssystem,5 shows a monitoring system according to the invention,
Fig. 6 ein im Frontscheibenbereich eines Fahrzeuges angeordnetes Display zur Enforcement- Anzeige.Fig. 6 is a display arranged in the windshield area of a vehicle for the enforcement display.
Gemäß Fig. 1 kann ein Mautsystem SYS zur Ortung eines Fahrzeuges FAR ein Positionserfassungssystems PSE, beispielsweise das bekannte „Global Positioning System" oder kurz GPS-System, aufweisen. Hierbei können die Fahrzeuge FA1, FA2 die Bemautungsvorrichtungen BEI, BE2 aufweisen, die dazu eingerichtet sind, Daten von dem Positionsermittlungssystem PSE zu empfangen und daraus die Orts-Koordinaten OKO der Fahrzeuges FA1, FA2 zu berechnen. Anhand der Orts-Koordinaten OKO kann die befahrene Strecke STR, beispielsweise anhand einer aus den Orts-Koordinaten OKO berechneten Signatur SIG, bestimmt werden. Weiter kann, falls die von einem Fahrzeug FA1, FA2 befahrene Strecke STR mautpflichtig ist, überprüft werden, ob das Fahrzeug FA1, FA2 zur Benutzung der mautpflichtigen Strecke berechtigt ist.According to FIG. 1, a toll system SYS for locating a vehicle FAR can have a position detection system PSE, for example the known “Global Positioning System” or GPS system for short. Here, the vehicles FA1, FA2 can have the tolling devices BEI, BE2, which are set up to receive data from the position determination system PSE and to calculate the location coordinates OKO of the vehicle FA1, FA2 therefrom. The route STR traveled can be determined on the basis of the location coordinates OKO, for example on the basis of a signature SIG calculated from the location coordinates OKO. Furthermore, if the route STR traveled by a vehicle FA1, FA2 is subject to toll, it can be checked whether the vehicle FA1, FA2 is authorized to use the route subject to toll.
Die Benutzungsberechtigung BER kann beispielsweise als Guthaben GUT realisiert und in einem Speicher SPR der Bemautungsvorrichtung BEI abgelegt werden, wobei diese Bemautungsvorrichtung BEI dazu eingerichtet sein kann, anfallende Mautgebühren GEB zu berechnen und von dem Guthaben GUT abzubuchen. Ist das Guthaben GUT aufgebraucht und liegt keine weitere Benutzungsberechtigung BER vor, so darf das Fahrzeug FAR keine mautpflichtigen Strecken STR mehr benutzen. Die Bemautungsvorrichtung BEI mit einer in ihr abgelegten Benutzungsberechtigung BER, wird im folgenden als Wertkarte WER bezeichnet.The user authorization BER can be implemented, for example, as a credit GUT and stored in a memory SPR of the tolling device BEI, wherein this tolling device BEI can be set up to calculate the toll fees GEB incurred and to be debited from the credit GUT. If the GUT credit has been used up and there is no further use authorization BER, the vehicle FAR may no longer use toll roads STR. The toll payment device BEI with a user authorization BER stored in it is referred to below as a prepaid card WER.
Bei der Benutzungsberechtigung BER muss es sich nicht ausschließlich um ein Guthaben GUT handeln. Die Benutzungsberechtigung BER kann beispielsweise auch als eine in dem Speicher SPR der Wertkarte WER abgelegte Zeitkarte ZEI, die zur Benutzung vorgebbarer, mautpflichtiger Strecken STR in einem gewissen Zeitraum berechtigt, etc. ausgeführt sein (Fig. 2).The BER user authorization does not only have to be a GUT credit. The user authorization BER can also be implemented, for example, as a time card ZEI stored in the memory SPR of the prepaid card WER, which entitles the user to use predefinable, toll roads STR within a certain period of time, etc. (FIG. 2).
Die von einem Fahrzeuginhaber gewünschte Art der Benutzungsberechtigung BER (Guthaben, Zeitkarte, Streckenguthaben, Terminbindung etc.) kann beispielsweise als Code COD in die Bemautungsvorrichtung BEV übertragen werden. Jeder Art von Benutzungsberechtigung BER kann dabei in einer Speichereinheit SP1 der Bemautungsvorrichtung BEV ein vorgebbarer Code CO1, CO2, CO3 zugewiesen sein (Fig. 2). So kann beispielsweise ein erster Code CO1 einer Zeitkarte ZEI für alle mautpflichtigen Strecken STR in einem vorgebbaren Gebiet zugeordnet sein, während ein anderer Code CO2 ein Guthaben GUT um einen vorgebbaren Betrag auflädt oder ein dritter Code CO3 ein Streckenguthaben SGH um einen vorgebbaren Betrag erhöht etc.The type of user authorization BER desired by a vehicle owner (credit, time card, route credit, appointment commitment, etc.) can be transmitted, for example, as a code COD into the toll payment device BEV. A predefinable code CO1, CO2, CO3 can be assigned to each type of user authorization BER in a storage unit SP1 of the tolling device BEV (FIG. 2). For example, a first code CO1 can be assigned to a time card ZEI for all toll roads STR in a predeterminable area, while another code CO2 tops up a GUT credit by a predeterminable amount, or a third code CO3 increases a route credit SGH by a predeterminable amount etc.
Nach Erhalt des Codes COD kann die Steuerung STE der Bemautungsvorrichtung BEV durch Vergleich des von dem Benutzer erworbenen Codes COD mit den in der Speichereinheit SP1 abgelegten Codes CO1, CO2, CO3 die entsprechende Benutzungsberechtigung BER identifizieren und freischalten bzw. aktivieren. Die Übertragimg des Codes COD kann beispielsweise mittels einer mit der Wertkarte WEK leitungs- oder nicht leitungsgebunden verbundenen Eingabevorrichtung EIV erfolgen. Beispiele für eine leitungsgebundene Verbindung zwischen der Eingabevorrichtung EIV und der Bemautungsvorrichtung BEV wären Kupferdraht, Glasfaser, etc.. Beispiele für eine nicht Leitungsgebundene Verbindung sind Funk, Infrarotübertragung, Laser, etc.After receiving the code COD, the control STE of the tolling device BEV can identify and activate or activate the corresponding user authorization BER by comparing the code COD acquired by the user with the codes CO1, CO2, CO3 stored in the storage unit SP1. The code COD can be transmitted, for example, by means of an input device EIV which is connected to the value card WEK in a line or non-line manner. Examples of a wired connection between the input device EIV and the tolling device BEV would be copper wire, glass fiber, etc. Examples of a non-wired connection are radio, infrared transmission, laser, etc.
Um ein missbräuchliches Aufladen einer Benutzungsberechtigung BER in die Wertkarte WEK zu verhindern, kann der Code COl, CO2, CO3 verschlüsselt und in einer für den Benutzer nicht erkennbaren Form in die Wertkarte WEK übertragen werden.In order to prevent improper loading of a user authorization BER into the WEK prepaid card, the code COl, CO2, CO3 can be encrypted and transferred to the WEK prepaid card in a form that cannot be recognized by the user.
Beispielsweise kann der Code COD auf einem mobilen Datenträger gespeichert sein. Wobei zur Übertragung der Benutzerberechtigung BER bzw. des Codes COD in die Bemautungsvorrichtung die Eingabevorrichtung EIV als Lesegerät LES für mobile Datenträger ausgeführt ist. Um eine missbräuchliche Wiederverwendung des mobilen Datenträgers zu verhindern, kann das Lesegerät LES dazu eingerichtet sein, den Übertragungsvorgang des Codes COD in die Bemautungsvorrichtung BEV mit einer Entwertung des mobilen Datenträgers zu Beenden. Diese Entwertung kann beispielsweise darin bestehen, dass die auf dem mobilen Datenträger enthaltene Information durch das Lesegerät gelöscht wird oder dadurch, dass ein Wert WER der die Gültigkeit des mobilen Datenträgers angibt von „gültig" auf „ungültig" gesetzt wird (Fig. 3).For example, the code COD can be stored on a mobile data carrier. The input device EIV is designed as a reading device LES for mobile data carriers in order to transmit the user authorization BER or the code COD into the tolling device. In order to prevent improper reuse of the mobile data carrier, the reading device LES can be set up to end the transfer process of the code COD into the toll payment device BEV with a cancellation of the mobile data carrier. This cancellation can consist, for example, in that the information contained on the mobile data carrier is deleted by the reading device or in that a value WER, which indicates the validity of the mobile data carrier, is set from "valid" to "invalid" (FIG. 3).
Nach Fig. 4 kann auch eine eine Kommunikations-Verbindung zwischen der Bemautungsvorrichtung BE2 und einem Abrechnungszentrum ABZ hergestellt sein, wobei in diesem Fall die Benutzerberechtigung BER in dem Abrechnungszentrum vorgesehen sein kann, bevorzugterweise in Form eines dem Fahrzeug zugeordneten Kontos KON, von dem anfallende Mautgebühren GEB abgebucht werden können.According to FIG. 4, a communication connection can also be established between the tolling device BE2 and a billing center ABZ, in which case the user authorization BER can be provided in the billing center, preferably in the form of an account KON assigned to the vehicle, from which the toll charges incurred GEB can be debited.
Im folgenden wird die Bemautungsvorrichtung BE2, welche mit dem Abrechnungszentrum ABZ Daten austauschen kann als Berechnungseinheit OBU bezeichnet.In the following, the tolling device BE2, which can exchange data with the accounting center ABZ, is referred to as the calculation unit OBU.
Gemäß Fig. 5 weist ein erfindungsgemäßes Überwachungssystem UES zur Überwachung des ordnungsgemäßen Betriebes einer Bemautungsvorrichtung BEV eine Steuerung ST1 sowie ein mit ihr verbundenes Display DIP auf, welches dazu eingerichtet ist ein vorgebbares Muster MUS darzustellen (Fig. 6). Das optische Muster MUS hängt von dem aktuellen Betriebszustand der Bemautungsvorrichtung BEI, BE2, z. B. ob eine gültige Benutzungsberechtigung BER vorhanden ist, oder ob die Bemautungsvorrichtung BEI, BE2 eingeschaltet ist ab. Zur Darstellung des Musters MUS in Abhängigkeit von dem Betriebszustand der Bemautungsvorrichtung BEI, BE2 kann die Steuerung ST1 den Zustand der Benutzungsberechtigung BER in der Wertkarte WEK bzw. in dem Abrechnungszentrum ABZ überwachen, sowie ob die Bemautungsvorrichtung BEI, BE2 ein- oder abgeschaltet ist.According to FIG. 5, a monitoring system UES according to the invention for monitoring the proper operation of a tolling device BEV has a control ST1 and a display DIP connected to it, which is set up to display a predefinable pattern MUS (FIG. 6). The optical pattern MUS depends on the current operating state of the toll device BEI, BE2, z. B. whether a valid user authorization BER is available or whether the tolling device BEI, BE2 is switched on. To display the pattern MUS as a function of the operating state of the tolling device BEI, BE2, the control ST1 can monitor the state of the user authorization BER in the prepaid card WEK or in the billing center ABZ, and whether the tolling device BEI, BE2 is switched on or off.
Die Steuerung ST1 steuert das Display DIP in Abhängigkeit von dem Betriebszustand der Bemautungsvorrichtung BEI, BE2 an auf welchem ein dem aktuellen Betriebszustand entsprechendes Muster MUS dargestellt wird. Zur Darstellung des Musters MUS kann das Display DIP Leuchtdioden LED bzw. Infarot-Leuchtdioden aufweisen.The control ST1 controls the display DIP as a function of the operating state of the tolling device BEI, BE2 on which a pattern MUS corresponding to the current operating state is shown. To display the pattern MUS, the display can have DIP light-emitting diodes LED or infrared light-emitting diodes.
Ist die Benutzungsberechtigung BER in dem Abrechnungszentrum ABZ abgelegt, so kann die Berechnungseinheit OBU dazu eingerichtet sein, in vorgebbaren Zeitintervallen den Zustand der Benutzungsberechtigung BER über ein Funknetz FUN, beispielsweise das GSM- Netz abzufragen und zu speichern.If the user authorization BER is stored in the accounting center ABZ, the calculation unit OBU can be set up to query and save the state of the user authorization BER via a radio network FUN, for example the GSM network, at predefinable time intervals.
Ist keine gültige Benutzerberechtigung BER für die Berechnungseinheit OBU vorhanden, so wird ein für diesen Zweck vorgesehenes optisches Muster MUS an der Fahrzeugfront FRO dargestellt.If there is no valid user authorization BER for the calculation unit OBU, an optical pattern MUS provided for this purpose is shown on the vehicle front FRO.
Auch unerlaubte Manipulationen des Fahrers an der Wertkarte WEK oder an der Berechnungseinheit OBU können von der Steuerung ST1 des dem entsprechenden Fahrzeug FA1, FA2 zugeordneten Überwachungssystems UES erkannt werden. So kann die Steuerung ST1 des Überwachungssystems dazu eingerichtet sein, bei mehrmaliger Eingabe eines falschen Codes COD für eine Benutzerberechtigung BER in die Wertkarte WEK ein für diesen Zweck vorgesehenes Muster MUS auf dem Display darzustellen, beispielsweise eine leuchtende Leuchtdiode LED.Unauthorized manipulations by the driver on the prepaid card WEK or on the calculation unit OBU can also be detected by the control ST1 of the monitoring system UES assigned to the corresponding vehicle FA1, FA2. For example, the control ST1 of the monitoring system can be set up to display a pattern MUS intended for this purpose on the display, for example a luminous LED, if the wrong code COD for a user authorization BER is entered into the prepaid card WEK.
Falls die Benutzerberechtigung BER in der Wertkarte WEK abgelegt ist, d. h. wenn keine Verbindung zwischen der Bemautungsvorrichtung BEV und einem Abrechnungszentrum ABZ eines Mautbetreibers vorgesehen ist kann die Eingabe des Auf- bzw. Abfahrens auf eine mautpflichtige Strecke STR, d. h. die Aktivierung der Bemautungsvorrichtung BEV, durch den Lenker des Fahrzeuges FAR mittels einer geeigneten Eingabevorrichtung, beispielsweise einer Taste an der Wertkarte WEK erfolgen.If the user authorization BER is stored in the prepaid card WEK, d. H. if no connection between the toll payment device BEV and a billing center ABZ of a toll operator is provided, the entry of the ascent or descent on a toll route STR, i. H. the toll payment device BEV is activated by the driver of the vehicle FAR using a suitable input device, for example a button on the prepaid card WEK.
Dadurch kann ähnlich wie beim Entwerten einer Straßenbahnfahrkarte der Fahrzeuglenker zur Mitwirkung verpflichtet. Wird die Wertkarte WEK von dem Fahrzeugbenutzer eingeschaltet und ist eine gültige Benutzungsberechtigung BER vorhanden, so erzeugt die Steuerung ST1 ein dementsprechendes optisches Muster MUS auf dem Display DIP, beispielsweise zwei leuchtende Leuchtdioden LED, während im ausgeschaltetem Zustand der Wertkarte WEK ein diesen Zustand charakterisierendes Muster MUS erzeugt wird, beispielsweise keine der Leuchtdioden LED emittiert Licht.This means that, similar to when a tram ticket is validated, the vehicle driver is obliged to cooperate. If the value card WEK is switched on by the vehicle user and there is a valid user authorization BER, the control ST1 generates a corresponding optical pattern MUS on the display DIP, for example two illuminated light-emitting diodes LED, while when the value card WEK is switched off, a pattern MUS characterizing this state is generated is generated, for example none of the light emitting diodes LED emits light.
Anhand des Musters MUS wird also angezeigt, ob der Fahrer des Fahrzeuges FAR ein potentieller oder tatsächlicher Mautpreller ist.The pattern MUS is used to indicate whether the driver of the FAR vehicle is a potential or actual toll bouncer.
Zur Beweissicherung können Fahrverlaufspositionen bzw. die Signatur SIG der Strecke STR und etwaige Informationen über den Benutzungszeitpunkt, beispielsweise in Form von einem an die aktuell ermittelte Signatur SIG beigefügten Zeitstempel STE, in einem Speicher SP3 der Wertkarte WEK oder dem Abrechnungszentrum ABZ abgelegt und im Bedarfsfall zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Durch diese Vorgangsweise kann eine online Kommunikation zwischen der Bemautungsvorrichtung und dem Abrechnungszentrum vermieden werden.To preserve evidence, travel history positions or the signature SIG of the route STR and any information about the time of use, for example in the form of a time stamp STE attached to the currently determined signature SIG, can be stored in a memory SP3 of the prepaid card WEK or the accounting center ABZ and, if necessary, for Will be provided. This procedure avoids online communication between the tolling device and the accounting center.
Um Manipulationen von Seiten des Fahrers zu verhindern, wird entweder nach einem in der Wertkarte WEK oder der Berechnungseinheit OBU gespeicherten Zyklus. Im Fall der kommunikationsfähigen Berechnungseinheit OBU kann das Muster auch extern beispielsweise via GSM-Broadcast- Aufforderung gewechselt werden.In order to prevent manipulation on the part of the driver, either after a cycle stored in the value card WEK or the calculation unit OBU. In the case of the communication-capable computing unit OBU, the pattern can also be changed externally, for example via a GSM broadcast request.
Der Musterwechsel kann bei Verwendung einer kommunikationsfähigen Berechnungseinheit OBU auch regionenabhängig, oder bei Wechsel einer Mobilfunkzelle, über die Broadcastfunktionalität des Mobilfunknetzes ausgelöst werden kann.The pattern change can also be region-dependent when using a communication-capable computing unit OBU, or when changing a cell phone cell, via which the broadcast functionality of the cell phone network can be triggered.
D.h. das gültige Muster, welches einem zulässigen Betriebszustand entspricht, ist nicht fix, sondern kann auch beipielsweise nach einem Zeitraster, positionsabhängig, oder durch externe Ereignisse, wie den Cellbradcast ausgelöst werden. Dadurch lässt sich verhindern, dass LKW- Fahrer nicht mit LED- Attrappen herumfahren und sich über das einzustellende Muster verständigenThat the valid pattern, which corresponds to a permissible operating state, is not fixed, but can also be triggered, for example, according to a time grid, position-dependent, or by external events such as the cell radio. This prevents truck drivers from driving around with dummy LED lights and agreeing on the pattern to be set
Bei Durchfahren einer festen Kontrollstation KST kann nun dieses Muster ausgewertet und als Auslösesignal für eine Nummerntafel-OCR verwendet werden. Der Vorteil dieser Lösung besteht neben den geringen Kosten darin, dass nicht jedes Fahrzug einer Nummerntafel- OCR zugeführt werden muss. Vorteilhafterweise wird das optische Muster als Infrarot-Muster dargestellt. Infrarot-Muster können durch billige Interferenzfilter an einer Infrarot-Kamera KAM, bei entsprechend hoher Lichtleistung der LED's, mit einem sehr viel höheren Signalrausch Verhältnis erkannt werden als Nummerntafeln mit rein passivem Nummerntafel-OCR. Die Erkennung einiger einfacher Muster ist ebenfalls mit viel höherer Zuverlässigkeit möglich.When driving through a fixed control station KST, this pattern can now be evaluated and used as a trigger signal for a number plate OCR. In addition to the low costs, the advantage of this solution is that not every train has to be added to a number plate OCR. The optical pattern is advantageously represented as an infrared pattern. Infrared patterns can be recognized by cheap interference filters on an infrared camera KAM, with correspondingly high light output of the LEDs, with a much higher signal-to-noise ratio than number plates with purely passive number plate OCR. The detection of some simple patterns is also possible with much higher reliability.
Das erfindungsgemäße Überwachungssystem UES wird also nicht zur Kommunikation, wie bei der eingangs erwähnten WO 99/66455 eingesetzt, sondern dient dazu, die Häufigkeit der aufwendigeren und unter den zu erwartenden Umgebungsbedingungen deutlich unzuverlässigeren Nummerntafel OCR zu verringern. Dadurch wird im Fall von zentral durchgeführter OCR das Datenaufkommen zwischen den ortsfesten Enforcementstationen und der OCR-Zentrale deutlich reduziert.The monitoring system UES according to the invention is therefore not used for communication, as in WO 99/66455 mentioned at the outset, but rather serves to reduce the frequency of the more complex and significantly more unreliable number plate OCR under the expected environmental conditions. In the case of centrally performed OCR, this significantly reduces the data volume between the fixed enforcement stations and the OCR center.
Eine mobile Überwachung kann ebenfalls über eine Infrarot-Kamera erfolgen. Ergänzend dazu kann auch über zusätzliche LED-Quellen im sichtbaren Bereich eine Vorselektion erfolgen. Es kann aber auch generell eine Signalisierung im sichtbaren Bereich erfolgen.Mobile monitoring can also be carried out using an infrared camera. In addition to this, preselection can also be carried out via additional LED sources in the visible area. However, signaling in the visible range can also generally take place.
Innerhalb des Buchungsgebietes sind drei Arten von Fahrzeugen FAR anzutreffen:There are three types of FAR vehicles within the booking area:
1. Fahrzeuge FAR ohne oder mit ungültiger (manipulierter) IR/ LED-Signatur, diese sind entweder Mautpreller, wie sie bei jeder beliebigen automatischen Mautmethodik prinzipiell möglich sind; oder diese sind Mautteilnehmer mit defekten Bemautungsvorrichtungen BEV, bzw. fehlender oder ungültiger Benutzungsberechtigungen BER, beispielsweise gesperrtem Konto KON oder aufgebrauchtem Guthaben GUT. Alle diese Teilnehmer können an entsprechenden Kontrollstationen (fest oder mobil) erkannt und nach festgelegten Regeln behandelt werden.1. FAR vehicles without or with an invalid (manipulated) IR / LED signature, these are either toll bouncers, as are possible in principle with any automatic toll method; or these are toll participants with defective toll payment devices BEV, or missing or invalid user authorizations BER, for example blocked account KON or used up credit GUT. All of these participants can be recognized at appropriate control stations (fixed or mobile) and treated according to defined rules.
2. Fahrzeuge mit gültiger IR/LED Signatur, wobei das Verlassen eines Staatsgebietes erkannt und z. B. die Kommunikation der Bemautungsvorrichtung BER mit dem Abrechnungszentrum ABZ samt Bemautungsvorgang deaktiviert wird und nur mehr eine Positionsbestimmung erfolgt, oder auf das von der Basistechnologie her kompatible Mautsystem eines Nachbarlandes umgeschaltet wird.2. Vehicles with a valid IR / LED signature, whereby the leaving a national territory is recognized and z. B. the communication of the toll payment device BER with the billing center ABZ together with the toll payment process is deactivated and only a position determination is made, or a switch is made to the compatible toll system of a neighboring country.
3. Da die aktuelle Position des Fahrzeuges in der mitgeführten Berechnungseinheit BEE bekannt ist, und von dieser erkannt werden kann welcher Koordinatenpunkt diesseits oder jenseits der Grenze liegt, kann bereits vor einem Grenzübertritt auf einer mautpflichtigen Strecke rechtzeitig das aktuelle Muster aktiviert werden. Vorteilhafterweise ist um die Grenze eine Toleranzzone vorgesehen, in welcher eine Aktivierung der Berechnungseinheit nicht unbedingt erforderlich ist. Erfolgt eine Weiterfahrt auf dem Staatsgebiet auf einer mautpflichtigen Verkehrsfläche, so erfolgt die Bemautung entsprechend dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren.3. Since the current position of the vehicle is known in the calculation unit BEE carried along, and from this it can be recognized which coordinate point is on either side of the border, the current pattern can be activated in good time before a border is crossed on a toll road. A tolerance zone is advantageously provided around the limit, in which an activation of the calculation unit is not absolutely necessary. If the journey continues on the national territory in a traffic area subject to tolls, tolling takes place in accordance with the method according to the invention.
Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass es die Erfindung ermöglicht auf einfache Art eine Überwachung des ordnungsgemäßen Betriebes von Bemautungsvorrichtungen zu gewährleisten. In summary, it can be said that the invention makes it possible to ensure that the correct operation of toll collection devices is monitored in a simple manner.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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| AT0091101A AT500811A1 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2001-06-12 | DEVICES AND METHODS FOR SIMPLIFYING OCR-BASED ENFORCEMENT IN AUTOMATIC MACHINE SYSTEMS |
| AT9112001 | 2001-11-23 | ||
| PCT/DE2002/002155 WO2002101662A1 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2002-06-12 | Devices and methods for simplifying ocr-based enforcement in automatic toll systems |
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| JP3570500B2 (en) * | 2000-06-14 | 2004-09-29 | 日本電気株式会社 | Antenna device, automatic toll collection system and method using the same |
-
2001
- 2001-06-12 AT AT0091101A patent/AT500811A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2002
- 2002-06-12 HU HU0400147A patent/HU228600B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-12 BR BRPI0210385-0A patent/BR0210385B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-12 HR HR20040019A patent/HRP20040019B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-12 PL PL367206A patent/PL217343B1/en unknown
- 2002-06-12 EP EP02747216A patent/EP1397785B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-12 CZ CZ20033527A patent/CZ20033527A3/en unknown
- 2002-06-12 RU RU2004100315/09A patent/RU2298228C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-12 US US10/480,432 patent/US7034715B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-12 SI SI200230157T patent/SI1397785T1/en unknown
- 2002-06-12 ES ES02747216T patent/ES2243741T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-12 DE DE50203206T patent/DE50203206D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-12 CN CN02811864.2A patent/CN1286069C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-12 SK SK1607-2003A patent/SK287707B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-12 WO PCT/DE2002/002155 patent/WO2002101662A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-06-12 CA CA2453116A patent/CA2453116C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-12 PT PT02747216T patent/PT1397785E/en unknown
- 2002-06-12 DK DK02747216T patent/DK1397785T3/en active
- 2002-06-12 AT AT02747216T patent/ATE296468T1/en active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO02101662A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR0210385A (en) | 2004-08-03 |
| SI1397785T1 (en) | 2005-10-31 |
| PL217343B1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
| HRP20040019A2 (en) | 2004-08-31 |
| PL367206A1 (en) | 2005-02-21 |
| CA2453116A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
| BR0210385B1 (en) | 2013-06-04 |
| RU2004100315A (en) | 2005-06-10 |
| SK16072003A3 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
| HRP20040019B1 (en) | 2009-10-31 |
| PT1397785E (en) | 2005-09-30 |
| ES2243741T3 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
| HU228600B1 (en) | 2013-04-29 |
| CN1516855A (en) | 2004-07-28 |
| DE50203206D1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
| CZ20033527A3 (en) | 2004-04-14 |
| CA2453116C (en) | 2011-10-11 |
| WO2002101662A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
| US20040193481A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| AT500811A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
| SK287707B6 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
| DK1397785T3 (en) | 2005-09-26 |
| CN1286069C (en) | 2006-11-22 |
| US7034715B2 (en) | 2006-04-25 |
| EP1397785B1 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
| RU2298228C2 (en) | 2007-04-27 |
| ATE296468T1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
| HUP0400147A2 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
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