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EP1517957A1 - Piece moulee qui comporte une plaque ou feuille composite et une couche de support - Google Patents

Piece moulee qui comporte une plaque ou feuille composite et une couche de support

Info

Publication number
EP1517957A1
EP1517957A1 EP03760662A EP03760662A EP1517957A1 EP 1517957 A1 EP1517957 A1 EP 1517957A1 EP 03760662 A EP03760662 A EP 03760662A EP 03760662 A EP03760662 A EP 03760662A EP 1517957 A1 EP1517957 A1 EP 1517957A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
component
layer
graft
acrylonitrile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03760662A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Achim Grefenstein
Michael Breulmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP1517957A1 publication Critical patent/EP1517957A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L51/04—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to rubbers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B25/08—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/14—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising synthetic rubber copolymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L55/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers, obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in groups C08L23/00 - C08L53/00
    • C08L55/02—ABS [Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene] polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C08L25/08—Copolymers of styrene
    • C08L25/12—Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated nitriles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles

Definitions

  • Shaped part comprising a composite layer plate or film and a carrier layer
  • the invention relates to molded parts comprising a composite layer plate or film and a back-injected, back-foamed or back-molded carrier layer made of plastic, the composite layer plate or film comprising
  • a substrate layer containing, based on the sum of the amounts of components A and B, and possibly C and / or D, which gives a total of 100% by weight
  • the invention relates to methods for producing these molded parts, their use as body components for motor vehicles, and motor vehicle body parts containing these molded parts.
  • Body parts made of plastics are, for example, top-lacquered or mass-colored and clear-lacquered.
  • the top coat requires a high heat resistance, which only a few plastics fulfill.
  • Mass coloring, in particular with effect pigments, is very expensive and in many cases reduces the mechanical properties of the substrate.
  • other coating methods for example the back-spray technology, can be used.
  • lacquer films are produced by roller coating or gravure printing processes and back-injected or back-pressed with carrier materials.
  • EP-B1-0 361 823 describes films of this type which consist of fluoropolymers or their mixtures with acrylates. They are back-pressed with hardenable polyester materials reinforced with fillers.
  • the layers can also contain acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymers (ABS).
  • coextruded sheets made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and ABS are known as body materials.
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • ABS polymethyl methacrylate
  • the body parts are produced by co-extrusion through a slot die into panels and subsequent thermoforming of the panels.
  • the coextrusion process using a slot die is described, for example, in EP-A2-0 225 500.
  • EP-A2 847 852 also discloses injection-molded composite layer plates or films, in which the plates or films comprise layers of acrylic ester / styrene / acrylonitrile copolymers (ASA) and PMMA. Furthermore, methods for producing these back-molded composite layer plates or films and their use in the motor vehicle sector are disclosed.
  • ASA acrylic ester / styrene / acrylonitrile copolymers
  • the object of the present invention is to provide molded parts comprising a composite layer plate or film and an injection-molded, back-foamed or back-molded carrier layer made of plastic, which compared to known molded parts with a comparable thickness of the composite layer plate or film with high hen temperatures have an improved surface quality, in particular a lower ripple.
  • molded parts comprising a composite layer plate or film and a back-molded, back-foamed or back-molded carrier layer made of plastic, the composite layer plate or film comprising
  • a substrate layer containing, based on the sum of the amounts of components A and B, and possibly C and / or D, which gives a total of 100% by weight
  • component A a 1-99% by weight of a rubber-elastic graft copolymer as component A, b ' 1-99% by weight of one or more hard copolymers, containing units which are derived from vinylaromatic monomers, as component B, c 0-80 %
  • component C a 1-99% by weight of polycarbonates as component C, and d 0 to 50% by weight of fibrous or particulate fillers or mixtures thereof as component D,
  • component B contains, based on the total weight of units deriving from vinyl aromatic monomers, 40-100% by weight of methylstyrene and 0-60% by weight of units deriving from styrene.
  • the molded parts according to the invention have an improved surface quality compared to the known molded parts, in particular a lower waviness at high temperatures. They are therefore particularly suitable for outdoor use, where they are exposed to weather conditions, high temperatures and sunlight. In particular, the use in the vehicle area comes into consideration.
  • Layer (1) is composed of the following components A and B and, if appropriate, C and / or D, which give a total of 100% by weight.
  • the substrate layer (1) contains impact modified copolymers of vinyl aromatic monomers and vinyl cyanides (SAN) and, if necessary, further components. It is essential to the invention that, based on the total weight of units derived from vinyl aromatic monomers, the SAN contains 40-100% by weight of ⁇ -methylstyrene and 0-60% by weight of units derived from styrene.
  • SAN ASA polymers Preferably used as impact-modified SAN ASA polymers and / or ABS polymers.
  • ASA polymers are generally understood to mean impact-modified SAN polymers in which graft copolymers of vinyl aromatic compounds, in particular styrene, and vinyl cyanides, in particular acrylonitrile, on polyalkylacrylate rubbers in a copolymer matrix of, in particular, styrene and / or methylstyrene and acrylonitrile available.
  • component A is a rubber-elastic graft copolymer
  • a graft A2 composed of the monomers, based on A2, a21 40-100% by weight, preferably 65-85% by weight, of units of styrene, a substituted styrene or a (meth) acrylic acid esters or mixtures thereof, in particular styrene and / or ⁇ -methylstyrene as component A21 and a22 to 60% by weight, preferably 15-35% by weight, of units of units of
  • the graft pad A2 consists of at least one graft shell, the graft copolymer A overall having an average particle size of 50-1000 nm.
  • Component AI consists of the monomers
  • the average particle size of component A is 50-800 ⁇ m, preferably 50-
  • the particle size distribution of component A is bimodal, 60-90% by weight having an average particle size of 50-200 n and 10-40% by weight having an average particle size of 50-400 nm, based on the Total weight of component A.
  • the sizes determined from the integral mass distribution are given as the average particle size or particle size distribution.
  • the mean particle sizes according to the invention are in all cases the weight average of the particle sizes, as determined by means of an analytical ultracentrifuge according to the method of W. Scholtan and H. Lange, Kolloid-Z. and Z. Polymers 250 (1972), pages 782-796.
  • the ultracentrifuge measurement provides the integral mass distribution of the particle diameter of a sample. From this it can be seen what percentage by weight of the particles have a diameter equal to or smaller than a certain size.
  • the mean particle diameter which is also referred to as the dso value of the integral mass distribution, is defined as the particle diameter at which 50% by weight of the particles have a smaller diameter than the diameter which corresponds to the dso. Likewise, 50% by weight of the particles then have a larger diameter than the dso value.
  • the d ⁇ o and dgo values resulting from the integral mass distribution are used.
  • the d 0 or dgo value of the integral mass distribution is defined in accordance with the dso value with the difference that they are based on 10 or 90% by weight of the particles. The quotient
  • Emulsion polymers A which can be used according to the invention as component A preferably have Q values less than 0.5, in particular less than 0.35.
  • the acrylate rubbers AI are preferably alkyl acrylate rubbers composed of one or more C 8 alkyl acrylates, preferably C 4 8 alkyl acrylates, preferably at least partially butyl, hexyl, octyl or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, special n-butyl and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is used.
  • alkyl acrylate rubbers can contain up to 30% by weight of hard polymer-forming monomers, such as vinyl acetate, (meth) acrylonitrile, styrene, substituted styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl ether, in copolymerized form.
  • hard polymer-forming monomers such as vinyl acetate, (meth) acrylonitrile, styrene, substituted styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl ether, in copolymerized form.
  • the acrylate rubbers further contain 0.01-20% by weight, preferably 0.1-5% by weight, of cross-linking polyfunctional monomers (cross-linking monomers).
  • cross-linking monomers examples of these are monomers which contain 2 or more double bonds capable of copolymerization, which are preferably not conjugated in the 1,3 positions.
  • Suitable crosslinking monomers are, for example, divinylbenzene, diallyl maleate, diallyl fumarate, diallyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, tricyclodecenyl acrylate, dihydrodicyclopentadienyl acrylate, triallyl phosphate, allyl methacrylate and allyl methacrylate.
  • Dicyclopentadienyl acrylate (DCPA) has proven to be a particularly favorable crosslinking monomer (cf. DE-PC 12 60 135).
  • Component A is a graft copolymer.
  • the graft copolymers A have an average particle size dso of 50-1000 nm, preferably 50-800 nm and particularly preferably 50-600 nm. These particle sizes can be achieved if the graft base AI of this component A is particle sizes 50- 350 nm, preferably from 50 to 300 nm and particularly preferably from 50 to 250 nm used.
  • the graft copolymer A is generally one or more stages, i.e. a polymer composed of a core and one or more shells.
  • the polymer consists of a basic stage (graft core) Al and one or - preferably - several stages A2 grafted thereon (graft pads), the so-called graft stages or graft shells.
  • One or more graft shells can be applied to the rubber particles by simple grafting or multiple step-wise grafting, each graft sheath having a different composition.
  • polyfunctional crosslinking or reactive groups can contain ending monomers are grafted on (see, for example, EP-A 230 282, DE-AS 36 01 419, EP-A 269 861).
  • component A consists of a multi-stage graft copolymer, the graft stages being generally made from resin-forming monomers and having a glass transition temperature T g above 30 ° C., preferably above 50 ° C.
  • the multi-stage structure serves, inter alia, to achieve (partial) compatibility of the rubber particles A with the thermoplastic B.
  • Graft copolymers A are prepared, for example, by grafting at least one of the monomers A2 listed below onto at least one of the graft bases or graft core materials AI listed above.
  • the graft base AI is composed of 15-99% by weight of acrylate rubber, 0.1-5% by weight of crosslinking agent and 0-49.9% by weight of one of the further monomers or rubbers indicated.
  • Suitable monomers for forming the graft layers A2 are styrene, methylstyrene, (meth) acrylic acid ester, acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, in particular acrylonitrile.
  • crosslinked acrylic acid ester polymers with a glass transition temperature below 0 ° C. serve as the graft base.
  • the crosslinked acrylic ester polymers should preferably have a glass transition temperature below -20 ° C., in particular below -30 ° C.
  • the graft A2 consists of at least one graft shell and the outermost graft shell thereof has a glass transition temperature of more than 30 ° C, wherein a polymer formed from the monomers of the grafting layer A2 would have a glass transition temperature of more than 80 ° C.
  • Suitable preparation processes for graft copolymers A are emulsion, solution, bulk or suspension polymerization.
  • the graft copolymers A are preferably prepared by radical emulsion polymerization in the presence of latices of component AI at temperatures from 20 ° C. to 90 ° C. using water-soluble or oil-soluble initiators such as peroxodisulfate or benzyl peroxide, or with the aid of redox initiators. Redox initiators are also suitable for polymerization below 20 ° C.
  • Suitable emulsion polymerization processes are described in DE-A 28 26 925, 31 49 358 and in DE-C 12 60 135.
  • the graft shells are preferably constructed in the emulsion polymerization process, as described in DE-A 32 27 555, 31 49 357, 31 49 358, 34 14 118.
  • the defined particle sizes of 50-1000 nm according to the invention are preferably carried out according to Methods which are described in DE-C 12 60 135 and DE-A 28 26 925, or Applied Polymer Science, Volume 9 (1965), page 2929.
  • the use of polymers with different particle sizes is known, for example, from DE-A 28 26 925 and US-A 5 196 480.
  • the graft base A1 is first prepared by adding the acrylic acid ester (s) used according to one embodiment of the invention and the multifunctional monomers which bring about crosslinking, optionally together with the other comonomers , in aqueous emulsion in a conventional manner at temperatures between 20 and 100 ° C, preferably between 50 and 80 ° C, polymerized.
  • the usual emulsifiers such as, for example, alkali metal salts of alkyl or alkylarylsulphonic acids, alkyl sulphates, fatty alcohol sulphonates, salts of higher fatty acids with 10 to 30 carbon atoms or resin soaps can be used.
  • the sodium salts of alkyl sulfonates or fatty acids having 10 to 18 carbon atoms are preferably used.
  • the emulsifiers are used in amounts of 0.5-5% by weight, in particular 1-2% by weight, based on the monomers used in the preparation of the graft base AI.
  • the weight ratio of water to monomers is from 2: 1 to 0.7: 1.
  • the initiators are generally used in amounts of 0.1-1% by weight, based on the monomers used in the preparation of the graft base AI.
  • Further polymerization auxiliaries which can be used are the customary buffer substances, by means of which pH values of preferably 6-9, such as sodium bicarbonate and sodium pyrophosphate, and 0-3% by weight of a molecular weight regulator, such as mercaptans, terpinols or dimeric a-methylstyrene, during the polymerization be used.
  • pH values preferably 6-9, such as sodium bicarbonate and sodium pyrophosphate
  • a molecular weight regulator such as mercaptans, terpinols or dimeric a-methylstyrene
  • the precise polymerization conditions in particular the type, dosage and amount of the emulsifier, are determined in detail within the above-mentioned ranges in such a way that the latex of the crosslinked acrylic ester polymer obtained has a dsother in the range of about 50-1000 nm, preferably 50-600 nm, especially preferably in the range of 80-500 nm.
  • the particle size distribution of the latex should preferably be narrow.
  • a monomer mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile is then polymerized in a next step in the presence of the latex of the crosslinked acrylic ester polymer thus obtained, the weight ratio of styrene to acrylonitrile in the monomer mixture according to one embodiment of the invention in the range from 100: 0 to 40:60, preferably in the range from 65: 35 to 85: 15. It is advantageous to carry out this graft copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile on the crosslinked polyacrylic ester polymer used as the graft base again in an aqueous emulsion under the customary conditions described above.
  • the graft copolymerization can expediently take place in the same system as the emulsion polymerization for the preparation of the graft base A1, it being possible, if necessary, to add further emulsifier and initiator.
  • the monomer mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile to be grafted on according to one embodiment of the invention can be added to the reaction mixture all at once, batchwise in several stages or preferably continuously during the polymerization.
  • the graft copolymerization of the mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of the crosslinking acrylic ester polymer is carried out in such a way that a degree of grafting of 1-99% by weight, preferably 20-45% by weight, in particular 35-45% by weight, is obtained on the total weight of component A, resulting in graft copolymer A. Since the graft yield in the graft copolymerization is not 100%, a somewhat larger amount of the monomer mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile must be used in the graft copolymerization than corresponds to the desired degree of grafting.
  • the control of the graft yield during the graft copolymerization and thus of the degree of grafting of the finished graft copolymer A is familiar to the person skilled in the art and can, for example, by the metering speed of the monomers or by adding a regulator (Chauvel, Daniel, ACS Polymer Preprints 15 (1974), page 329 ff.).
  • the emulsion graft copolymerization generally gives rise to about 5 to 15% by weight, based on the graft copolymer, of free, non-grafted styrene / acrylonitrile copolymer.
  • the proportion of the graft copolymer A in the polymerization product obtained in the graft copolymerization is determined by the method given above.
  • graft copolymers A In the production of the graft copolymers A by the emulsion process, in addition to the given process engineering advantages, reproducible particle size changes are also possible. lent, for example, by at least partially agglomeration of the particles to larger particles. This means that polymers with different particle sizes can also be present in the graft copolymers A.
  • Component A in particular, consisting of the graft base and graft shell (s) can be optimally adapted for the particular application, in particular with regard to the particle size.
  • the graft copolymers A generally contain 1-99
  • % By weight, preferably 55-80 and particularly preferably 55-65% by weight of graft base AI and 1-99% by weight, preferably 20-45%, particularly preferably 35-45% by weight of the graft pads A2, in each case based on the entire graft copolymer.
  • ABS polymers are generally understood to be impact-modified SAN polymers in which diene polymers, in particular 1,3-polybutadiene, are present in a copolymer matrix composed in particular of styrene and / or ⁇ -methylstyrene and acrylonitrile.
  • component A is a rubber-elastic graft copolymer
  • Graft base with a glass transition temperature below 0 ° C obtainable by polymerization of, based on Al ', all 1 60 to 100, preferably 70 to 100 wt .-% of at least one conjugated diene and / or C 1 -C 8 -alkyl acrylate , in particular butadiene, isoprene, n-butyl acrylate and / or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, al2 ⁇ 0 to 30, preferably 0 to 25% by weight of at least one further monoethylenically unsaturated monomer, in particular styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, n-butyl acrylate, Methyl methacrylate or mixtures thereof, and al3 x 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 6% by weight of at least one crosslinking monomer, preferably divinylbenzene, diallyl maleate, allyl ester of (meth) acrylic acid, dihydrodicycl
  • a23 '0 to 50 preferably 0 to 30% by weight of at least one further monoethylenically unsaturated monomer, preferably methyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate.
  • component A is a graft rubber with a bimodal particle size distribution, based on A,
  • al ⁇ , 40 to 90 preferably 45 to 85% by weight of a rubber-elastic particulate graft base Al ' ⁇ , obtainable by polymerizing, based on Al * *, all % ' 70 to 100, preferably 75 to 100% by weight at least a conjugated diene, especially butadiene and / or isoprene, al2 ⁇ '0 to 30, preferably 0 to 25% by weight of at least one further onoethylenically unsaturated monomer, in particular styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, n-butyl acrylate or mixtures thereof, a2' x 10 to 60, preferably 15 to 55% by weight of a graft A2 ⁇ ', based on A2 ⁇ ', a21 ' x 65 to 95, preferably 70 to 90% by weight of at least one vinylaromatic monomer, preferably styrene, a22 , 5 to 35, preferably 10 to 30%
  • component B is at least one hard copolymer which contains units which are derived from vinylaromatic monomers and which, based on the total weight, is derived from vinylaromatic monomers Units, 40-100% by weight, preferably 50-100% by weight, particularly preferably 60-100% by weight, of ⁇ -methylstyrene and 0-60% by weight, preferably 0-50% by weight , particularly preferably 0-40% by weight of units deriving from styrene are present
  • component B is at least one hard copolymer which contains units which are derived from vinylaromatic monomers and which, based on the total weight, is derived from vinylaromatic monomers Units, 40-100% by weight, preferably 50-100% by weight, particularly preferably 60-100% by weight, of ⁇ -methylstyrene and 0-60% by weight, preferably 0-50% by weight , particularly preferably 0-40% by weight of units deriving from styrene, based on B,
  • component B is at least one hard copolymer with a viscosity number VZ (determined according to DIN 53726 at 25 ° C. in 0.5% by weight solution in dimethylformamide) from 50 to 120 ml / g, which contains units which are derived from vinylaromatic monomers, and where, based on the total weight of units which are derived from vinylaromatic monomers, 40-100% by weight, preferably 50-100% by weight. %, particularly preferably 60 to 100% by weight of ⁇ -methylstyrene and 0-60% by weight, preferably 0-50% by weight, particularly preferably 0-40% by weight of units derived from styrene are, from, related to B
  • bl v 69 to 81, preferably 70 to 78% by weight of vinyl aromatic monomers, b2 ⁇ , 19 to 31, preferably 22 to 30% by weight of acrylonitrile, b3 1 * 0 to 30, preferably 0 to 28% by weight at least one other, monoethylenically unsaturated monomer, for example methyl methacrylate or N-alkyl or N-aryl maleimides such as N-phenyl maleimide.
  • components B are present side by side in the ABS polymers, which differ from one another in their viscosity numbers VZ by at least five units (ml / g) and / or in their acrylonitrile contents by five units (% by weight)
  • copolymers of ( ⁇ -methyl) styrene and maleic anhydride or maleimides, of ( ⁇ -methyl) styrene, maleimides and methyl methacrylate or acrylonitrile, or from can also be used in further embodiments ( ⁇ -methyl) stryol, maleimides, methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile.
  • the graft polymers A are preferably obtained by means of emulsion polymerization.
  • the graft polymers A are mixed with the components B and, if appropriate, further additives in a mixing device, an essentially molten polymer mixture being formed. It is advantageous to cool the molten polymer mixture as quickly as possible.
  • ABS polymers mentioned can have other customary auxiliaries and fillers.
  • Such substances are, for example, lubricants or mold release agents, waxes, pigments, dyes, flame retardants, antioxidants, light stabilizers or antistatic agents.
  • the viscosity number of component B is 50-90, preferably 60-80.
  • Component B is preferably an amorphous polymer. According to one embodiment of the invention, a mixture of a copolymer of styrene with acrylonitrile and a copolymer of ⁇ -methylstyrene with acrylonitrile is used as component B.
  • the acrylonitrile content in these copolymers of component B is 0-60% by weight, preferably 15-40% by weight, based on the total weight of component B.
  • Component B also includes those formed in the graft copolymerization to produce component A. free, non-grafted ( ⁇ -methyl) styrene / acrylonitrile copolymers.
  • component B has already been formed in the graft copolymerization. In general, however, it will be necessary to look at the products obtained in the graft copolymerization with additional, separately prepared component B.
  • This additional, separately produced component B can preferably be a mixture of styrene / acrylonitrile copolymer with ⁇ -methylstyrene / acrylonitrile copolymer or an ⁇ -methylstyrene / styrene / acrylonitrile terpolymer. These copolymers can be used individually or as a mixture for the Component B are used, so that the additional, separately produced component B can be, for example, a mixture of a styrene / acrylonitrile copolymer and an ⁇ -methylstyrene / acrylonitrile copolymer.
  • component B consists of a mixture of a styrene / acrylonitrile copolymer and an ⁇ -methylstyrene / acrylonitrile copolymer
  • the acrylonitrile content of the two copolymers should preferably be no more than 10% by weight, preferably no more than 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the copolymer, differ from one another.
  • the additional, separately manufactured component B can be obtained by the conventional methods.
  • Component B preferably has a viscosity number of 40 to 100, preferably 50 to 90, in particular 60 to 80.
  • the viscosity number is determined in accordance with DIN 53 726, 0.5 g of material being dissolved in 100 ml of dirnethylformamide.
  • Components A and B and optionally C, D can be mixed in any desired manner by all known methods. If components A and B have been prepared, for example, by emulsion polymerization, it is possible to mix the polymer dispersions obtained with one another, to precipitate the polymers together thereupon and to work up the polymer mixture. However, components A and B are preferably mixed by extruding, kneading or rolling the components together, the components having, if necessary, been isolated beforehand from the solution or aqueous dispersion obtained in the polymerization.
  • the products of the graft copolymerization (component A) obtained in aqueous dispersion can also only be partially dewatered and mixed as a moist crumb with component B, the complete drying of the graft copolymers then taking place during the mixing.
  • layer (1) contains, in addition to components A and B, additional components C and / or D, and, if appropriate, further additives, as described below.
  • polycarbonates are suitable as suitable component C.
  • the polycarbonates suitable as component C preferably have a mo molecular weight (weight average M w , determined by means of gel permeation chromatography in tetrahydrofuran against polystyrene standards) in the range from 10,000 to 60,000 g / mol. They can be obtained, for example, in accordance with the processes of DE-B-1 300 266 by interfacial polycondensation or in accordance with the process of DE-A-1 495 730 by reacting diphenyl carbonate with bisphenols.
  • Preferred bisphenol is 2, 2-di (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, generally - as also hereinafter - referred to as bisphenol A.
  • aromatic dihydroxy compounds can also be used, in particular 2,2-di (4-hydroxyphenyl) pentane, 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfane, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl ether, 4,4 '-Dihydroxydiphenylsulfone, 4,4' -Dihydroxydiphenylmethan, l, l-Di- (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 4, 4-Dihydroxydiphenyl or Dihydroxydiphenylcycloalkane, preferably Dihydroxydiphenylcyclohexane or Dihydroxylcyclopentane, in particular 1, 1-Bis (4, 1-Bis ( phenyl) -3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane and mixtures of the aforementioned dihydroxy compounds.
  • 2,2-di (4-hydroxyphenyl) pentane 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene
  • Particularly preferred polycarbonates are those based on bisphenol A or bisphenol A together with up to 80 mol% of the aromatic dihydroxy compounds mentioned above.
  • Polycarbonates which are particularly suitable as component C are those which contain units which are derived from resorcinol or alkylresorcinol esters, as described, for example, in WO 00/61664, WO 00/15718 or WO 00/26274; These polycarbonates are, for example, sold by General Electric Company under the trademark SollX ®.
  • Copolycarbonates according to ÜS-A 3 737 409 can also be used; Of particular interest are copolycarbonates based on bisphenol A and di (3, 5-dimethyl-dihydroxyphenyl) sulfone, which are characterized by a high heat resistance. It is also possible to use mixtures of different polycarbonates.
  • the average molecular weights (weight average M w , determined by means of gel permeation chromatography in tetrahydrofuran against polystyrene standards) of the polycarbonates C are in the range from 10,000 to 64,000 g / mol. They are preferably in the range from 15,000 to 63,000, in particular in the range from 15,000 to 60,000 g / mol. This means that the polycarbonates C have relative solution viscosities in the range from 1.1 to 1.3, measured in 0.5% by weight solution in dichloromethane at 25 ° C., preferably from 1.15 to 1.3. The relative ones preferably differ Solution viscosities of the polycarbonates used by no more than 0.05, in particular no more than 0.04.
  • the polycarbonates C can be used both as regrind and in granular form. They are present as component C in amounts of 0-50% by weight, preferably 10-40% by weight, based in each case on the total molding composition.
  • polycarbonates leads, among other things, to higher thermal stability and improved crack resistance of the sheets, films and moldings.
  • layer (1) contains 0 to 50% by weight, preferably 0 to 40% by weight, in particular 0 to 30% by weight, of fibrous or particulate fillers or mixtures thereof, in each case based on the entire layer 1. These are preferably commercially available products.
  • Reinforcing agents such as carbon fibers and glass fibers are usually used in amounts of 5-50% by weight, based on the entire layer (1).
  • the glass fibers used can be made of E, A or C glass and are preferably equipped with a size and an adhesive agent. Their diameter is generally between 6 and 20 ⁇ . Both continuous fibers (rovings) and chopped glass fibers (staples) with a length of 1-10 mm, preferably 3-6 mm, can be used.
  • fillers or reinforcing materials such as glass balls, mineral fibers, whiskers, aluminum oxide fibers, mica, quartz powder and wollastonite can be added.
  • metal flakes eg aluminum flakes from Transmet Corp.
  • metal powder metal fibers
  • metal-coated fillers for example nickel-coated glass fibers
  • other additives that shield electromagnetic waves can be mixed in.
  • Aluminum flakes K 102 from Transmet
  • the masses can be mixed with additional carbon fibers, carbon black, in particular conductivity carbon black, or nickel-coated carbon fibers.
  • the layer (1) used according to the invention can furthermore contain further additives which are typical and customary for polycarbonates, SAN polymers and graft copolymers or mixtures thereof.
  • additives examples include: dyes, pigments, colorants, antistatic agents, antioxidants, stabilizers to improve thermal stability, to increase light stability, to increase resistance to hydrolysis and chemicals, to prevent heat decomposition and in particular to lubricants / Lubricants that are useful for the production of moldings or moldings.
  • additional additives can be metered in at any stage of the production process, but preferably at an early point in time, in order to take advantage of the stabilizing effects (or other special effects) of the additive at an early stage.
  • Heat stabilizers or oxidation retardants are usually metal halides (chlorides, bromides, iodides) which are derived from metals of group I of the periodic table of the elements (such as Li, Na, K, Cu).
  • Suitable stabilizers are the usual hindered phenols, but also vitamin E or compounds with an analog structure.
  • HALS stabilizers Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers
  • benzo phenones • benzo phenones, resorcinols, salicylates, benzotriazoles TinuvinRP (UV absorber 2 - (2H-benzotriazole-2-yl) -4-methylphenol from CIBA) and other such compounds are useful , These are usually used in amounts of up to 2% by weight (based on the total mixture).
  • Suitable lubricants and mold release agents are stearic acids, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid esters or generally higher fatty acids, their derivatives and corresponding fatty acid mixtures with 12-30 carbon atoms.
  • the amounts of these additives are in the range of 0.05-1% by weight.
  • Silicone oils, oligomeric isobutylene or similar substances can also be used as additives, the usual amounts being 0.05-5% by weight.
  • Pigments, dyes, color brighteners such as ultramarine blue, phthalocyanines, titanium dioxide, cadmium sulfides, derivatives of perylene tetracarboxylic acid can also be used.
  • Processing aids and stabilizers such as UV stabilizers, lubricants and antistatic agents are usually used in amounts of 0.01-5% by weight.
  • the layer (1) can be produced by methods known per se by mixing the components. It can be advantageous to premix individual components. Mixing too the components in solution and removal of the solvents is possible.
  • Suitable organic solvents are, for example, chlorobenzene, mixtures of chlorobenzene and methylene chloride or mixtures of chlorobenzene or aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. Toluene.
  • the solvent mixtures can be evaporated, for example, in evaporation extruders.
  • Mixing the e.g. dry components can be made by all known methods. However, the mixing is preferably carried out by extruding, kneading or rolling the components together, preferably at temperatures of 180-400 ° C., the components having, if necessary, been isolated beforehand from the solution obtained in the polymerization or from the aqueous dispersion.
  • the components can be metered in together or separately / one after the other.
  • Layer (2) is an ink layer or intermediate layer.
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to a molded part comprising a composite layer plate or film composed of a substrate layer (1), cover layer (3) and an intermediate layer (2) as described above, which is made of impact-resistant PMMA, polycarbonate or styrene (co) polymers such as SAN , which can be impact modified, for example ASA or ABS, or mixtures of these polymers, with the proviso that layer (2) is neither constructed nor composed as layer (1) on the one hand, or layer (3) on the other.
  • polycarbonate is used as the intermediate layer (2)
  • the polycarbonate described under layer (1), component C can be used.
  • Impact-resistant PMMA (high impact PMMA: HI-PMMA) is a polymethyl methacrylate that is impact-resistant with suitable additives. Suitable impact-modified PMMA are described, for example, by M. Stickler, T. Rhein in Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry Vol. A21, pages 473-486, VCH Publishers Weinheim, 1992, and H. Domininghaus, Die Kunststoffe and their properties, VDI-Verlag Düsseldorf , 1992.
  • the intermediate layer (2) can contain coloring substances. These are, for example, Substances or pigments.
  • the dyes or pigments can be organic or inorganic compounds.
  • layer (3) of the moldings according to the invention comprising composite layer plates or films is a cover layer containing PMMA.
  • the PMMA used preferably has a number average molecular weight of 40,000 to 100,000.
  • PMMA molding compositions are Contrex® R or Resart / BASF, as well as the compositions described G87 in EP-A2-0 225 500..
  • layer (3) is a cover layer containing one or more hard copolymers, obtainable by polymerizing vinylaromatic monomers and acrylonitrile, 80-100% by weight, preferably 90-100% by weight, as vinylaromatic monomers. , particularly preferably 95-100% by weight of ⁇ -methylstyrene and 0-20% by weight, preferably 0-10% by weight, particularly preferably 0-5% by weight of styrene. Cover layers (3) built up from this material have good scratch resistance, for example determinable in the AMTEC-Kistler test.
  • layer (3) is a cover layer containing polycarbonate, in particular those polycarbonates which contain units which are derived from resorcinol or alkylresorcinol esters, as described, for example, in WO 00/61664, WO 00/15718 or WO 00 / 26274; such polycarbonates are sold, for example, by General Electric Company 35 under the SollX® brand.
  • polycarbonate in particular those polycarbonates which contain units which are derived from resorcinol or alkylresorcinol esters, as described, for example, in WO 00/61664, WO 00/15718 or WO 00 / 26274; such polycarbonates are sold, for example, by General Electric Company 35 under the SollX® brand.
  • the layer thickness of the above composite layer plates or films is preferably 100 ⁇ m to 10 mm.
  • Composite layer plates particularly preferably have a layer thickness of 2 to 40 10 mm.
  • Composite layer films particularly preferably have a layer thickness of 100-2000 ⁇ m, in particular 800-1500 ⁇ m.
  • the composite layer plates or foils consist only of a substrate layer (1), that is to say they represent monoplates or foils.
  • the layer thickness of the composite layer plates or foils preferably 100 ⁇ m to 10 mm, particularly preferably 100 ⁇ m to 1 mm, in particular 900 - 1500 ⁇ m.
  • the composite layer plates or films consist of a substrate layer (1) and a cover layer (3).
  • Composite layer plates or films composed of a substrate layer (1) and a cover layer (3) preferably have the following layer thicknesses: substrate layer (1) 70 um to 9.7 mm, preferably 80 ⁇ m to 2 mm, particularly preferably 95 ⁇ m to 1.5 mm; Cover layer (3) 5-300 ⁇ m, preferably 20-100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 30-70 ⁇ m.
  • the composite layer plates or films consist of a substrate layer (1). an intermediate layer (2) and a cover layer (3).
  • Composite layer plates or films composed of a substrate layer (1), an intermediate layer (2) and a cover layer (3) preferably have the following layer thicknesses: substrate layer (1) 45 ⁇ m to 9.2 mm, preferably 80 ⁇ m to 2 mm, particularly preferably 95 ⁇ m to 1.5 mm; Intermediate layer (2) 50 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 200 to 400 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 250 to 350 ⁇ m; Cover layer (3) 5-300 ⁇ m, preferably 20-100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 30-70 ⁇ m.
  • the material forming the substrate layer (1) of the composite layer plates or foils, which are comprised by the moldings according to the invention has a Vicat softening temperature (Vicat B measured according to DIN 53 460 with a temperature increase of 50 K / h) of at least 105 ° C, preferably at least 108 ° C.
  • the composite layered sheets or films which are encompassed by the molded parts according to the invention have an elastic modulus E t (measured according to ISO 527-2 / 1B at 5 mm / min at a temperature of 90 ° C.) of at least 1300 MPa , preferably at least 1400 MPa, an elastic modulus E t (measured according to ISO 527-2 / 1B at 5 mm / min at a temperature of 100 ° C.) of at least 900 Mpa, preferably at least 950 MPa, a Shore C hardness (measured according to DIN 53505 at a temperature of 90 ° C) of at least 70, preferably at least 80, particularly preferably at least 90, very particularly preferably at least 100, and a Shore C hardness (measured according to DIN 53505 at a temperature of 100 ° C) of at least 60, preferably at least 70, particularly preferably at least 80, very particularly preferably at least 90.
  • Three-layer plates or films can be produced, for example, from a composite layer film with two layers (2) and (3) by providing them with a substrate layer (1).
  • the production can be carried out according to the method described below.
  • Layers of the composite layer plates or films is at most 3: 1, particularly preferably at most 2: 1.
  • the greatest MFI value of one of the layers (1), (2), (3), provided that they are present in the respective composite layer plates or films is a maximum of three times, particularly preferably a maximum of twice the lowest MFI value. This ensures a uniform flow behavior of all components used in the composite layer plates or films. This coordinated flow behavior is particularly advantageous in the manufacturing processes described below.
  • Further layers may be contained in the molded parts according to the invention between the carrier layer and the composite layer plate or film, for example an adhesive layer for better connection of the substrate layer (1) with injection-molded, foam-backed or molded plastic.
  • the composite layered sheets or films of the molded parts according to the invention can be produced by known methods, for example by adapter or coextrusion or by laminating the layers together.
  • the individual components are made flowable in extruders and brought into contact with one another by means of special devices in such a way that the composite layer plates or films result with the layer sequence described above.
  • the components can be co-extruded through a slot die. This process is explained in EP-A2-0 225 500.
  • the composite layer plates and foils according to the invention can be produced by laminating foils or plates of the components together in a heatable gap. First of all, foils or plates of the individual components are produced. This can be done by known methods. The desired layer sequence is then produced by appropriately superimposing the foils or plates, whereupon they are passed through a heatable nip and bonded to a composite layer plate or foil under the action of pressure and heat.
  • monofilms for the molded parts according to the invention can be coated using suitable thermoformable lacquers.
  • the composite layer plates or films can be used for the production of molded parts. Any molded parts are accessible.
  • the composite layer plates or foils are particularly preferably used for the production of moldings in which very good surface properties, in particular a low waviness of the surface, are important.
  • the surfaces are also very scratch-resistant and adhesive, so that destruction of the surfaces by scratching or detaching the surfaces is reliably prevented. Shaped bodies for use outdoors outside of buildings are therefore a preferred area of application.
  • the composite layer plates or films are used for the production of motor vehicle parts, especially motor vehicle parts for exterior applications in the vehicle sector. This includes, for example, the manufacture of fenders, door panels, bumpers, spoilers, aprons and exterior mirrors.
  • the molded parts according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in components which are heavily loaded by solar radiation, for example roofs or hoods.
  • the composite layer plates or foils are used with particular advantage for the production of moldings according to the invention which are colored, especially moldings for exterior applications in the vehicle sector.
  • Shaped bodies made of composite layer plates or foils which consist of a substrate layer (1) and possibly a cover layer (3), already have the very good surface properties listed above.
  • the substrate layer and, if appropriate, the cover layer can be colored with coloring substances, such as dyes or pigments.
  • the use of composite layer plates with three layers is particularly advantageous. It is sufficient if only the intermediate layer (2) is colored. Coloring is again possible with all suitable coloring substances.
  • the cover layer serves to protect the intermediate layer and to maintain the desired surface properties.
  • the voluminous substrate layer does not have to be colored, so that very good coloring with a small amount of coloring substances is possible.
  • expensive coloring substances can also be used, since their concentration can remain low.
  • polycarbonate and / or transparent styrene copolymers such as Luran from BASF Aktiengesellschaft, as an intermediate layer, deep effects (flop effects) can be achieved.
  • all other types of special coloring are possible, such as metallic and effect coloring.
  • the molded parts according to the invention can be produced from the composite layered sheets or films by known processes.
  • the composite layered sheets or films can be back-injected, back-foamed or back-cast without any further processing step, but they can also be subjected to a previous thermoforming process.
  • composite layer plates or foils with the three-layer structure consisting of substrate layer, intermediate layer and cover layer, the two-layer structure consisting of substrate layer and cover layer or the monolayer structure made of substrate layer can be formed by thermoforming. Both positive and negative thermoforming processes can be used. Appropriate methods are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the composite layer plates or foils are stretched using the thermoforming process. Since the gloss or surface quality of the composite layered sheets or foils does not decrease with the stretching at high stretching ratios, for example up to 1: 5, the thermoforming processes are subject to almost no restrictions with regard to the possible stretching.
  • the molded parts according to the invention can be produced from the composite layer plates or films, optionally after a thermoforming process, by back injection, back foaming or back casting. These processes are known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in DE-Al 100 55 190 or DE-Al 199 39 111.
  • the molded parts according to the invention are obtained by back-molding, back-foaming or back-casting the composite layer films with a plastic material.
  • Thermoplastic molding compositions based on ASA or ABS polymers, SAN polymers, poly (meth) acrylates, polyether sulfones, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonates, polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE) are preferred as plastic materials in the case of back injection molding or back casting.
  • ASA or ABS polymers as well as blends of ASA or ABS polymers and polycarbonates or polybutylene terephthalate and blends of polycarbonates and polybutylene terephthalate, where it is advisable to use PE and / or PP to provide the substrate layer with an adhesive layer (0) beforehand.
  • Amorphous thermoplastics or their blends are particularly suitable.
  • ABS or SAN polymers are preferably used as the plastic material for the back injection. In a preferred embodiment, these plastic materials are glass fiber reinforced, suitable variants are described in particular in DE-Al 100 55 190. In the case of back foaming, preference is given to using polyurethane foams, as described, for example, in DE-Al 199 39 111.
  • Rubber-elastic graft copolymer Pl-A (corresponding to component A):
  • the latex of the crosslinked butyl acrylate polymer obtained had a solids content of 40% by weight.
  • the mean particle size (weight average) was found to be 76 nm.
  • (a2) 150 parts of the polybutyl acrylate latex obtained according to (a1) were mixed with 40 parts of a mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile (weight ratio 75:25) and 60 parts of water and with stirring after the addition of a further 0.03 part of potassium persulfate and 0. 05 parts of lauroyl peroxide heated to 65 ° C for 4 hours.
  • the polymerization product was precipitated using a gap mixer (described in WO 00/32376), washed with water and dried in a warm air stream.
  • the degree of grafting of the graft copolymer Pl-A was 35%.
  • Rubber-elastic graft copolymer P2-A (corresponding to component A):
  • Ci ⁇ -paraffin sulfonic acid in 25 parts of water at 60 ° C. After the end of the feed, polymerization was continued for 2 hours.
  • the latex of the crosslinked butyl acrylate polymer obtained had a solids content of 40%.
  • the mean particle size (weight average of the latex) was found to be 288 nm.
  • a monomer mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile was polymerized in solution under customary conditions.
  • the styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer obtained had an acrylonitrile content of 35% by weight and a viscosity number of 80 ml / g.
  • Hard copolymer P2-SB A monomer mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile was polymerized in solution under customary conditions.
  • the styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer obtained had an acrylonitrile content of 19% by weight and a viscosity number of 70 ml / g.
  • a monomer mixture of ⁇ -methylstyrene and acrylonitrile was polymerized in solution under customary conditions.
  • the ⁇ -methylstyrene-acrylonitrile copolymer obtained had an acrylonitrile content of 30% by weight and a viscosity number of 57 ml / g.
  • Composite layer plates or foils F1-F8 of the structure mentioned below were produced from the substances mentioned, the polymer components of the individual layers (1) and possibly (2) and possibly (3) each in a separate single-screw extruder at 220 to 260 ° C. were melted and homogenized. The melt streams were placed on top of one another in a feed block before entering the slot die and stretched and coextruded as a layered composite over the die width (1.2 m):
  • Substrate layer (1) 1 mm thick layer of a polymer mass composed of 21 parts Pl-A, 11 parts P2-A, 45 parts
  • Substrate layer (1) 1 mm thick layer of a polymer mass made of 31
  • Substrate layer (1) 1 mm thick layer of a polymer mass from 31
  • Substrate layer (1) 1 mm thick layer of a polymer mass composed of 31 parts P2-A and 69 parts Pl-M-B.
  • Substrate layer (1) 1 mm thick layer of a polymer mass composed of 31 parts P2-A and 69 parts Pl-M-B.
  • Cover layer (3) 80 ⁇ m thick layer of PMMA
  • Substrate layer (1) 1.3 mm thick layer of a polymer mass composed of 10 parts Pl-A, 9 parts P2-A, 21 parts Pl-S-B and 60 parts PC.
  • Substrate layer (1) 1.3 mm thick layer of a polymer mass composed of 10 parts Pl-A, 9 parts P2-A, 21 parts Pl-S-B and 60 parts PC.
  • Substrate layer (1) 1 mm thick layer of a polymer mass made of 18
  • the composite laminated panels or foils Fl - F8 were flame-treated by flame treatment of the laminated laminated panels or foils at a uniform speed in an automatic flame treatment with a multi-flame burner with a noisy, reducing blue flame (propane gas, approx. 1300 ° C).
  • the flaming of the composite sheet or film was limited to the side to be foamed.
  • the flamed composite laminated sheets or foils were each processed for further processing in an open tool in the lower part of a long fiber injection (LFI) system Krauss Maffei inserted, the lower part of the tool was heated to approx. 36 to 45 ° C.
  • LFI long fiber injection
  • the lower part of the tool was placed in the foam position and the upper part of the tool was separated.
  • the temperature of the upper part of the tool was between 40 and 65 ° C.
  • Elastoflex ® E 3509 (Elastogran GmbH), which contained 10 to 40% by weight of glass fibers, was used as the PUR system.
  • the entry time was between 20 and 30 s.
  • the layer thickness of the PUR foam was 7 mm.
  • the moldings thus produced were each stored at room temperature for 24 hours and then at 105 ° C. for 1 hour.
  • Table 1 shows the Vicat softening temperatures (Vicat B measured in accordance with DIN 53 460 with a temperature increase of 50 K / h) of the material constituting the respective substrate layers (1) of the composite layer plates or foils F1-F8 as a measure of the heat resistance specified.
  • Table 1 also shows the elasticity modules E t at 90 ° C and 100 ° C (measured according to ISO 527-2 / 1B at 5 mm / min) and at 23 ° C (measured according to ISO 527-2 / 1B at 50 mm / min ), which were determined on the respective composite layer plates or foils Fl - F8.
  • the molded parts according to the invention have an improved surface quality, in particular a lower ripple, compared to known molded parts with a comparable or greater thickness of the composite layer plate or film and a comparable or higher heat resistance of the material forming the substrate layer at high temperatures.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

Pièces moulées qui comportent une plaque ou feuille composite et une couche de support en plastique, moulée par injection, moussée ou coulée sur la plaque ou feuille composite. La plaque ou feuille composite comporte (1) une couche de substrat contenant, par rapport à la somme des quantités des constituants A et B, et éventuellement C et / ou D, qui totalisent en tout 100 % en poids, (a) 1 à 99 % en poids d'un copolymère greffé caoutchouteux en tant que constituant A, (b) 1 à 99 % en poids d'un ou plusieurs copolymères durs contenant des unités dérivées de monomères vinylaromatiques, en tant que constituant B, (c) 0 à 80 % en poids de polycarbonates en tant que constituant C, et (d) 0 à 50 % en poids de matières de charge en forme de fibres ou de particules ou de mélange desdites matières en tant que constituant D. Lesdites pièces moulées sont caractérisées en ce que le constituant B contient, par rapport au poids total des unités dérivées de monomères vinylaromatiques, 40 à 100 % en poids d'unités dérivées d' alpha -méthylstyrol et 0 à 60 % en poids d'unités dérivées de styrol. La présente invention concerne en outre des procédés de fabrication de ces pièces moulées, leur utilisation en tant que pièces de carrosserie pour des véhicules à moteur, ainsi que des parties de carrosserie pour véhicules à moteur contenant ces pièces moulées.
EP03760662A 2002-06-25 2003-06-20 Piece moulee qui comporte une plaque ou feuille composite et une couche de support Withdrawn EP1517957A1 (fr)

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DE10228376 2002-06-25
DE10228376A DE10228376A1 (de) 2002-06-25 2002-06-25 Formteil umfassend eine Verbundschichtplatte oder -folie und eine Trägerschicht
PCT/EP2003/006513 WO2004000935A1 (fr) 2002-06-25 2003-06-20 Piece moulee qui comporte une plaque ou feuille composite et une couche de support

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CN1665877A (zh) 2005-09-07
AU2003242740A1 (en) 2004-01-06
WO2004000935A1 (fr) 2003-12-31
JP2005530633A (ja) 2005-10-13
US20050233130A1 (en) 2005-10-20
KR20050014882A (ko) 2005-02-07
DE10228376A1 (de) 2004-01-15

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