EP4406900A1 - Method for mounting a lift assembly in a lift shaft without a frame - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for the scaffold-free assembly of an elevator system (2) in an elevator shaft (4), wherein a car (6), a counterweight (46), car rails (42), counterweight rails (44), at least one suspension cable (18), a drive (40), shaft doors (38) and an electrical installation are installed in the elevator shaft (4).

In order to avoid the construction of a separate scaffold or the installation of a separate assembly platform (36) in the elevator shaft (4), it is proposed to use the at least partially assembled elevator car (6) as an assembly platform (36). For this purpose, temporarily required components are mounted on the elevator car (6) and in the elevator shaft (4), which can be reused at other construction sites after the end of the assembly work.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for the scaffold-free assembly of an elevator system in an elevator shaft according to the preamble of claim 1.

To install an elevator system in an elevator shaft, various components of the elevator system must be installed in the elevator shaft. These include, for example, the elevator car, a counterweight, elevator car rails, counterweight rails, at least one suspension cable, a drive, shaft and cabin doors and the electrical installation as well as various other components and small parts. Since an elevator shaft always extends over several floors of a building, it is necessary to transport at least some of the corresponding components into the upper areas of the elevator shaft so that they can be installed there. This is difficult if the elevator system has to be installed in an elevator shaft first.

It is known from the state of the art to first erect scaffolding in the elevator shaft in order to then install components of the elevator system, at least partially, from the scaffolding into the elevator shaft. However, erecting scaffolding is complex and expensive.

It is also known from the state of the art to install an assembly platform in the elevator shaft from which the assembly work can be carried out. The assembly platform can be moved up and down in the elevator shaft using ropes with a special drive. After the various components have been installed in the elevator shaft, the assembly platform must be dismantled again before the rest of the assembly of the elevator system can be completed. The installation of a separate assembly platform is therefore also complex and expensive.

It is the object of the present invention to make the assembly of an elevator system in an elevator shaft more efficient.

The object is achieved for a generic assembly method by the characterizing features of claim 1.

For the method according to the invention, the car of the elevator system to be constructed is first at least partially assembled in the elevator shaft. The assembly can take place on the shaft floor or on a base or on crossbeams that can be installed on the shaft wall. The car is then placed on the shaft floor, the base or the crossbeams. The assembly of the car must be advanced enough that at least one person can stand safely on the car floor or on the car roof. In addition, a personnel winch and a safety system are permanently mounted on the at least partially assembled car.

The personnel winch can in particular be a winch approved for the transport of persons. The personnel winch is an electric hoist for raising and lowering a load that transports the wire rope connected to the load through the winch. The wire rope can be moved by the personnel winch in particular at a constant speed.

Before the at least partial assembly of the elevator car, parallel to it or after it, an assembly cable is suspended in the elevator shaft, which can in particular be designed as a wire cable. For this purpose, depending on the required suspension, it is either attached directly with a first end to a load-bearing element, or the assembly cable is guided with the first end over at least one deflection pulley attached to a load-bearing element and the first end is then firmly connected to the elevator car. Depending on the suspension, the second end of the assembly cable is connected either directly or over at least one further deflection pulley to a personnel winch that is firmly mounted on the at least partially assembled elevator car and tightened until it is ready for use. To connect the assembly cable to the personnel winch, the assembly cable can be placed with a suitable section over a traction sheave on the personnel winch and its remaining second end can be laid loosely in the elevator car or loosely guided out of the elevator car and wound up under the elevator car. It is also possible to attach the second end of the assembly rope to a drum connected to the personnel winch and then wind the loose length of the assembly rope onto the drum. While the assembly rope can have any excess length when using a traction sheave, the capacity of a drum is limited, so that the length of the assembly cable must at least approximately match the height of the elevator shaft and the intended suspension. Regardless of the way in which the assembly cable is connected to the passenger winch, once the assembly cable has been connected to the passenger winch, it is possible to move the at least partially assembled elevator car with the passenger winch. The at least partially assembled elevator car can then be moved up and down within the elevator shaft via the passenger winch. The passenger winch is not the actual drive of the elevator system with which the elevator car is moved during regular operation. Since the actual drive still has to be installed in the elevator shaft, the passenger winch is a temporary drive that only serves the purpose of moving the elevator car up and down during assembly work. The assembly rope is also not the supporting rope with which the elevator system will later be permanently operated, but it is only temporarily installed in the elevator shaft, connected to the passenger winch and the elevator car for the duration of the assembly work and then removed from the elevator system again.

The additional safety system, which is connected to the at least partially assembled car with its integrated safety device against the risk of falling, provides the assembly personnel with sufficient protection against possible malfunctions during the upward and downward travel of the at least partially assembled car when it is moved with the personnel winch. This even applies if the assembly cable of the personnel winch should break. With the at least partially assembled car, the assembly personnel can reach any position within the elevator shaft in order to carry out assembly work at appropriate points in the elevator shaft.

The at least partially assembled elevator car can serve as a temporarily suspended passenger transport device as an assembly platform and can move assembly personnel, tools and small and light components of the elevator system up and down in the elevator shaft.

At least the assembly cable guided over at least one deflection pulley and the passenger winch are only required for the assembly of the elevator system for as long as the elevator car is required as an assembly platform for assembly work for the installation of components of the elevator system in the elevator shaft. The safety system can also be partially removed from the elevator car if it includes components that do not remain permanently in the elevator car. After these components have been removed from an elevator shaft, they can be reused at another construction site. The invention therefore provides for the use of components of the elevator system to be constructed for the assembly platform, if possible, which remain in the elevator shaft even after assembly has been completed, in particular components of the elevator car, and for the components of the elevator system to be only temporarily supplemented with components that enable suspension and a controlled upward and downward travel of the at least partially assembled elevator car and can be reused several times. This increases the efficiency of the assembly process and the assembly is more sustainable.

The at least partially assembled elevator car used temporarily for assembly purposes can be optimized with an appropriately designed safety system from the point of view of a high level of safety for the assembly personnel. The components of the safety system, which supplement the components remaining in the elevator system or represent a self-contained system, can form a component package that is temporarily used on a elevator car during assembly work in an elevator shaft and then removed again to be used on a new construction site. The component package enables sufficient safety for the assembly personnel, even if the elevator car has not yet been fully assembled and none or not all of the safety components present in the subsequent elevator system have been installed in the elevator shaft. The technical effort for providing a reliable assembly platform can thus be limited to a level that sufficiently takes into account the safety interests of the assembly personnel, but also fully guarantees their safety.

The construction of a separate scaffold is not necessary. It is also not necessary to first install and then remove a separate assembly platform in the elevator shaft. According to the present invention, the at least partially assembled elevator car is made capable of temporarily serving as an assembly platform by temporarily adding some additional components and installing a few other components in the elevator shaft. When all components have been installed in the elevator shaft for which the assembly personnel have to move up and down in the elevator shaft, it is sufficient to remove the few special components from the elevator shaft and the car that were required to upgrade the at least partially assembled car to an assembly platform with which the assembly work to be carried out over the full height of the elevator shaft can be carried out. The car can then be finally assembled in the elevator shaft, if this is still necessary.

The passenger winch to be attached to the lift car can be kept small and compact and is therefore easy to attach to and remove from the lift car, whether on the car roof or in the car above - on the ceiling side - and/or below - on the floor side.

The feature of the at least partially assembled lift car is to be understood in such a way that the lift car must already be constructed to such an extent that it has sufficient inherent stability to be able to safely carry at least one fitter and his tools. The load-bearing capacity of the partially assembled lift car can in particular be sufficient to be able to carry at least two fitters and their tools. However, in order to be usable as an assembly platform, it is not absolutely necessary for the lift car to be completely finished. Since the lift car is to be used temporarily as an assembly platform, this use could lead to unnecessary contamination or damage to components. It is also possible that individual components of the lift car can be used as an assembly platform. are a hindrance. For this reason, it is advantageous not to finally assemble components of the elevator car that are susceptible to dirt, damage and/or are a hindrance until the assembly work in the elevator shaft, for which the elevator car is required as an assembly platform, has been fully completed. However, the elevator car can already be used as an assembly platform, for example, if the elevator car floor, the elevator car frame and the elevator car roof have been assembled and one or more fall protection devices have been attached to the elevator car roof to cover any gap between the outer circumference of the elevator car and the shaft wall.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a lifting device is additionally mounted in the elevator shaft, the lifting device is used to transport components of the elevator system during further assembly, and the lifting device is removed from the elevator shaft again after the assembly work in the elevator shaft has been completed. In order to be able to move at least heavier components of an elevator system within the elevator shaft in addition to and independently of the elevator car, the lifting device is provided, with which, for example, elevator car and counterweight rails, doors, drive components, suspension cables and the like can be moved up and down within the elevator shaft. The lifting device can be, for example, a material winch, a chain hoist or a comparable device. The above list of the individual components of an elevator system is not exhaustive, but should only be understood as examples. Of course, some of the components listed can be used for moving the elevator system. Components can also be installed in the elevator shaft in other ways, and the elevator car and the lifting device can also be used to install other elevator components. By additionally installing a lifting device in the elevator shaft, the at least partially assembled elevator car is not burdened by the transport of heavier components and may even be overloaded. This increases the safety of the assembly personnel during assembly work.

By dividing the transport of the assembly personnel with the at least partially assembled elevator car and the passenger winch and the components to be assembled with the lifting device within the elevator shaft, the respective transport routes and means can be functionally optimized. While the design and mobility of the at least partially assembled elevator car can be optimized, for example, from the point of view of high safety for the assembly personnel, it is possible to design the lifting device to match the weight of the components to be installed in the elevator shaft, although safety requirements for a lifting device may not be as high as for a passenger winch. In this way, the technical effort can be limited to a level that sufficiently takes into account the safety interests of the assembly personnel, but is also designed to be able to move the heavy components of the elevator system reliably.

According to one embodiment of the invention, separate load-bearing elements have been mounted in the shaft head ceiling, to which at least one deflection roller, the Assembly rope, the lifting device and/or a fall stop rope can be attached. The load-bearing elements mounted in the shaft head ceiling simplify the temporary conversion of the elevator car into an assembly platform. The load-bearing elements can, for example, be concreted into the shaft head ceiling on site at low cost or fastened in the area of the shaft head ceiling using dowels or push-through fastenings before assembly of the elevator system begins. The additional load-bearing elements mean that any other load-bearing elements required for the operation of the elevator system remain unused, so that they are freely accessible for assembly work. The load-bearing elements can remain in the shaft head ceiling after assembly work in the elevator shaft has been completed. This means that the elevator can be dismantled again and a new elevator installed, thus ensuring sustainability. The load-bearing elements can also be used for maintenance work.

According to one embodiment of the invention, components are used for the safety system at least in part which form a permanent part of the elevator system even after the assembly work in the elevator shaft has been completed. An example of this is the safety gear, which must be present in a fully assembled, operational elevator system and which can form part of a temporary safety system when installed in a car.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a safety system is installed on the elevator car and in the elevator shaft, which includes a fall stop rope, a safety device, a Actuating device and a rod that connects the actuating device and the safety gear to one another. The fall stop rope must be attached to a load-bearing element arranged on the shaft head ceiling in the elevator shaft and from there hang down to approximately the shaft floor. The free end of the fall stop rope runs through the actuating device, which is connected to the safety gear mounted on the elevator car. If the elevator car moves downwards too quickly during assembly work, the actuating device triggers the safety gear, which slows down the downward movement of the elevator car and stops it completely. The safety gear can be a component that remains permanently on the elevator car. The safety gear as a component of the safety system then does not have to be removed from the elevator car and the elevator shaft after the assembly work in the elevator shaft has been completed. However, in order for the car to be temporarily usable as an assembly platform, an actuating device for the safety gear must also be installed on the car, with which the assembly personnel can manually trigger the safety gear themselves if necessary. Activation of the actuating device by the assembly personnel is transmitted to the safety gear via the rods.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the safety system has safety switches. Examples of safety switches that can be considered are overload switches, slack rope switches, rail limit switches, protective space switches and the like. The safety switches increase the operational safety of the Installation personnel. Since the safety switches are part of the safety system, they can be easily attached to the elevator car using the safety system and later removed from the elevator shaft after the installation work has been completed and then reused on a new construction site. If the safety switches detect a fault condition, such as an overload, a slack installation rope, an end of the rail or the narrowing of a necessary protective space, the personnel winch is automatically switched off and the movement of the elevator car is stopped.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the safety system has a trigger mechanism for producing an emergency opening, which can be set to a different trigger height. An emergency opening serves the purpose of being able to leave the elevator shaft even if the elevator car can no longer be moved with the passenger winch. For example, the door cutout or part of it at the top stop in the elevator shaft can be considered as an emergency opening. In order for the emergency opening to be large enough to allow a person to leave the elevator shaft through the emergency opening, the elevator car's journey must be safely stopped before the car completely or partially closes the emergency opening. Since the shaft heads on a construction site are always at different heights, the position at which the elevator car's journey is stopped must always be individually determined and set anew on a construction site. This is possible using a trigger mechanism that can be set to a different trigger height.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the safety system has a combination of a pressure-resistant element and a pressure-compliant element as a trigger mechanism. The trigger mechanism can, for example, have a pressure-resistant element and an element that is flexible under pressure, such as a spring. The pressure-resistant element can be a pipe, a sheet metal angle or another shaped body that is placed over the mounting cable. Both elements are attached to the mounting cable in such a way that it slides freely through them when the elevator car moves. The pressure-resistant element and the pressure-compliant element are designed to be telescopic into one another, whereby the two elements can be fixed to one another in different extension positions. The different extension positions result in different trigger heights for the trigger mechanism. The triggering works when the pressure-resistant element hits the pulley when the elevator car travels upwards. The impact is transferred to the spring, which transfers the pressure to a switching element connected to the elevator car, which switches off the passenger winch when a pressure signal is received. By switching off the passenger winch, the elevator car remains immediately in its current position and the emergency opening remains sufficiently wide open. The element, which is flexible when pressed, prevents force peaks and vibrations in the elevator car and damage to the assembly cable when the pressure-resistant element hits the pulley and blocks further upward movement.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the elevator car is provided with the passenger winch in a position close to the ground in the elevator shaft, the elevator car rails are installed progressively from bottom to top, and the elevator car is guided by car rails that have already been installed in the elevator shaft during the assembly of the elevator car rails. If the elevator car is installed close to the ground, it does not yet have to be moved upwards within the elevator shaft. In the position close to the ground, the passenger winch can also simply be attached to the elevator car. The assembly cable is then transported at a first end over a passenger winch attached to the elevator car and laid loosely in the elevator car or loosely guided out of the elevator car and wound up and fastened under the elevator car and firmly connected to the elevator car at the second end.

The first car rail can also be installed in the elevator shaft without the installation staff having to move the car up in the elevator shaft. During this installation work, the car and the car rail can already be installed in such a spatial relationship to each other that the car is already positioned in the path of movement intended for regular operation and is connected to the lower car rail in such a way that it is guided by it during a subsequent upward movement. If the installation staff then want to install another car rail at the top end of the car rail already installed close to the ground, the car can be moved in a movement guided by the already installed car rail up to the upper rail limit switch of this car rail. above. From this position of the car, the assembly staff can easily carry out the corresponding assembly work. This procedure is repeated until the last car rail is installed in the upper area of the elevator shaft. In this way, the car rails and also the counterweight rails can be installed over the full height of the elevator shaft. By continuously guiding the car during the installation of the car rails, the counterweight rails, the shaft doors, if necessary also the cabin doors, the electrical installation and other assembly work, the car does not swing in the elevator shaft during the assembly work. The assembly staff therefore have a firm footing on the car and can work safely.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the elevator car is suspended from the assembly cable in a suspension of at least 1:1. The 2:1 suspension is often used for classic passenger transport in multi-storey buildings. It doubles the load-bearing capacity, but also halves the speed, which must be compensated for with a more powerful motor. Depending on the application, a 3:1 or 4:1 suspension can also be used. In these cases, only additional pulleys are required, which can easily be installed in the elevator shaft and, if necessary, on the car roof.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a motor lifting device is introduced into the elevator shaft for transporting the drive, which has a holder for receiving the drive, the motor lifting device is can be moved up and down in the elevator shaft using a lifting device, and the motor lifting device is held and guided on a guide rail via guide elements. The lifting device can be, for example, a material winch, a separate chain hoist or a similar device. The holder is suitably dimensioned and designed to accommodate a drive and to keep it non-slip during transport through the elevator shaft from the take-over position to the end position. The motor lifting device has a stop to which the rope or chain connected to the lifting device can be attached. The motor lifting device is raised or lowered via the lifting device. By guiding the motor lifting device on a guide rail via the guide elements, uncontrolled pendulum or rotary movements of the drive during its transport through the elevator shaft are avoided. The guide elements can be designed in such a way that they not only guide the motor lifting device and the drive during transport through the elevator shaft, but also partially or completely support them in terms of weight. The guide rail on which the guide elements are guided can be the car rail or the counterweight rail, which is located in the relevant section of the elevator shaft. However, a separate guide rail can also be installed in the elevator shaft, which only serves the purpose of guiding the motor lifting device and, if necessary, supporting it. After the drive has been installed in its desired position, the motor lifting device can be removed from the elevator shaft again.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the motor lifting device has one or more joints, via which the bracket is pivotably connected to the rest of the motor lifting device in a horizontal plane. Due to the pivotable mounting, the unloaded bracket can be pivoted out of the elevator shaft in a horizontal direction to a floor or to a floor access on which the drive has been provided. There, the drive is easily accessible in order to connect it to the bracket and to fasten it. The bracket loaded with the drive is then pivoted back into the elevator shaft and transported with the motor lifting device to the height at which the drive plate is located, on which the drive is to be mounted in its position of use. At this height, the bracket can be pivoted again via the joints in a horizontal direction so that the bracket with the drive is in a position above the drive plate in which the drive can be placed precisely on the drive plate and connected to it. The bracket can then be swiveled back into the elevator shaft via the joints and then removed from the elevator shaft together with the motor lifting device.

1. a) bei einer Aufhängung 1:1:
   der Fahrkorb wird zumindest teilweise aufgebaut, das Montageseil wird an einem Lastaufnahmeelement aufgehängt, die Personenwinde wird am Fahrkorb und das Sicherungssystem am Fahrkorb und im Aufzugschacht montiert, das Montageseil wird mit dem Lastaufnahmeelement und der Personenwinde verbunden, und zumindest die unterste Fahrkorbschiene und wahlweise auch die Gegengewichtsschiene werden im Aufzugsschacht montiert,
2. b) bei einer Aufhängung 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, X:1:
   der Fahrkorb wird zumindest teilweise aufgebaut, zumindest eine Umlenkrolle wird an zumindest einem Lastaufnahmeelement aufgehängt, das Montageseil wird über die zumindest eine Umlenkrolle geführt, die Personenwinde wird am Fahrkorb und das Sicherungssystem wird am Fahrkorb und im Aufzugsschacht montiert, das Montageseil wird mit dem Fahrkorb oder Lastaufnahmeelement und der Personenwinde verbunden und zumindest die unterste Fahrkorbschiene und wahlweise auch die Gegengewichtsschiene werden im Aufzugsschacht montiert,
3. c) die weiter oben im Aufzugsschacht erforderlichen Fahrkorbschienen und wahlweise auch die Gegengewichtsschienen im Aufzugsschacht werden unter Verwendung des zumindest teilweise aufgebauten und über die Personenwinde und dem Montageseil bewegten Fahrkorbs als Montageplattform von unten nach oben fortschreitend montiert,
4. d) die von einer zuvor in den Aufzugsschacht eingebauten Hebevorrichtung bewegte Motorhebevorrichtung wird in den Aufzugsschacht eingebaut und der Antrieb im Aufzugsschacht montiert,
5. e) die Schachttüren und wahlweise auch die Kabinentüren sowie die elektrische Installation werden montiert,
6. f) spätestens jetzt werden die Gegengewichtsschienen im Aufzugsschacht montiert, das zumindest eine Tragseil auf den Antrieb aufgelegt und mit einem zuvor montierten Seilfestpunkt, einem zuvor montierten Gegengewicht und dem Fahrkorb verbunden,
7. g) nach Phase f) die Personenwinde und die nicht dauerhaft am Fahrkorb verbleibenden Komponenten des Sicherungssystems vom Fahrkorb demontiert, das Montageseil, die Hebevorrichtung und die nicht dauerhaft in der Aufzugsanlage verbleibenden Komponenten des Sicherungssystems aus dem Aufzugsschacht ausgebaut werden und nach der Phase d) die Motorhebevorrichtung aus dem Aufzugsschacht ausgebaut worden ist.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the following components of the elevator system are assembled in the chronological sequence of the phases to which the individual components are assigned depending on the respective suspensions 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, X: 1, whereby the first number of the above number pairs indicates the number of deflection rollers used in each case:

1. a) with a 1:1 suspension:
   the car is at least partially assembled, the assembly cable is suspended from a load-bearing element, the passenger winch is mounted on the car and the safety system on the car and in the lift shaft, the assembly cable is connected to the load-bearing element and the passenger winch, and at least the lowest car rail and optionally also the counterweight rail are mounted in the lift shaft,
2. b) with a suspension 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, X:1:
   the lift car is at least partially assembled, at least one pulley is suspended from at least one load-bearing element, the assembly cable is guided over the at least one pulley, the passenger winch is mounted on the lift car and the safety system is mounted on the lift car and in the lift shaft, the assembly cable is connected to the lift car or load-bearing element and the passenger winch and at least the lowest lift car rail and optionally also the counterweight rail are mounted in the lift shaft,
3. c) the car rails required further up in the lift shaft and optionally also the counterweight rails in the lift shaft are installed progressively from bottom to top using the at least partially assembled car moved via the passenger winch and the installation rope as an installation platform,
4. d) the motor lifting device moved by a lifting device previously installed in the lift shaft is installed in the lift shaft and the drive is mounted in the lift shaft,
5. e) the shaft doors and optionally also the cabin doors and the electrical installation are installed,
6. f) at the latest now, the counterweight rails are mounted in the lift shaft, at least one support cable is placed on the drive and connected to a previously mounted cable anchor point, a previously mounted counterweight and the lift car,
7. g) after phase f) the passenger winch and the components of the safety system that do not remain permanently in the lift car are dismantled from the lift car, the assembly rope, the lifting device and the components of the safety system that do not remain permanently in the lift system are removed from the lift shaft and after phase d) the motor lifting device has been removed from the lift shaft.

Phases a) or b) serve to assemble the car to an assembly state in which the car can be used as an assembly platform, as well as to assemble the temporarily required components to make the car usable as an assembly platform.

In phase c), at least the car rails are installed in the elevator shaft, progressing from bottom to top. The installation of the car rails is important in this phase because it means that the elevator shaft can be accessed with the car at its full height and assembly work can therefore be carried out from the car at the full height of the elevator shaft. In addition, the counterweight rails can of course also be installed in this phase, although these must only be installed in the elevator shaft when the counterweight is to be connected to the cable.

It is advisable to install the drive in phase d) and therefore before phase e) because the shaft and car doors would interfere with the transport of the drive from the supply floor to the installation position. Components of the electrical installation could also be damaged. The lifting device used to move the drive in phase c) can also have been installed in the elevator shaft during phases a) or b) and c).

It makes sense to install the shaft and car doors and the electrical installation in phase e) because they are not needed beforehand and are only exposed to the risk of damage at an earlier stage.

In phase f), the assembly steps are then undertaken to be able to move the elevator car with its regular drive. Since the drive has already been installed in the elevator shaft, the cables in particular must now be installed. The counterweight rails and the counterweight itself can have already been assembled in one of the previous steps; if this has not yet been the case, assembly must now take place in phase f).

After the ropes and counterweight have been installed in phase f), the components temporarily required to drive the elevator car are no longer needed. These can now be removed from the elevator shaft in phase g).

This rough structure of the assembly process means that the assembly time required can be significantly reduced. There is no need to erect scaffolding in the elevator shaft or install a separate assembly platform. However, the safety of the assembly personnel is guaranteed even when the elevator car is used as an assembly platform by installing the temporary safety system.

In addition to the assembly steps mentioned above, other components and parts of the elevator system must of course be installed in the elevator shaft and on the elevator car. In terms of time, however, the assembly of these components and parts can be carried out in one of the phases a) - g), depending on expediency considerations, or the assembly can take place after phase g).

It is pointed out that the method with the features of claim 1 can in principle be combined with the features of the individual subclaims, either individually or in any combination of several subclaims, provided that there are no technically compelling obstacles to this.

Fig. 1:

eine Schnittansicht auf einen Fahrkorb in einem Aufzugsschacht,

Fig. 2:

eine Schnittansicht auf den Aufzugsschacht entlang der Linie II-II in Fig. 1,

Fig. 3:

eine Ansicht auf eine Motorhebevorrichtung,

Fig. 4:

eine Ansicht auf das obere Ende eines Aufzugsschachts mit dem Schachtkopf, und

Fig. 5a-5d:

verschiedener Aufhängungen je nach Übersetzungsverhältnis.

Further modifications and embodiments of the invention can be found in the following description, the drawings and the claims. The invention will be described in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. They show:

Fig.1:

a sectional view of a car in an elevator shaft,

Fig. 2:

a sectional view of the elevator shaft along line II-II in Fig.1 ,

Fig. 3:

a view of an engine lifting device,

Fig.4:

a view of the upper end of an elevator shaft with the shaft head, and

Fig. 5a-5d:

different suspensions depending on the gear ratio.

The Fig.1 shows a sectional view of a car 6 in a lift shaft 4 before assembly of the car rails and counterweight rails has begun. In the view shown, the lift system 2 is shown in an assembly situation in which the car 6 is at least partially installed in the lift shaft 4 on crossbeams 5. In the embodiment shown, four floors 8 abut the lift shaft 4. The car 6 is in a position close to the ground.

At the opposite end of the elevator shaft 4 is the shaft head 10. In the exemplary embodiment, three load-bearing elements 14 are attached to the shaft head ceiling 12. A deflection pulley 16 is attached to a load-bearing element 14. An assembly cable 18 is placed on the deflection pulley 16 and extends through the elevator shaft 4 down to the elevator car 6. A personnel winch 20 is attached to the elevator car 6 and is connected to the first end of the assembly cable 18. When the personnel winch 20 is put into operation, the elevator car 6 can be lifted upwards in the elevator shaft 4. If the personnel winch 20 is rotated in the opposite direction, the elevator car 6 can also be lowered downwards from an elevated position in the elevator shaft 4. A technician can adjust the position of the car 6 in the elevator shaft 4 by switching the passenger winch 20 on or off as desired, so that he can reach any position in the elevator shaft 4.

In order to protect the assembly personnel against the risk of falling, a safety system 22 is mounted in the elevator shaft 4 and on the elevator car 6. In the embodiment shown, the safety system 22 includes a fall stop rope 26, a safety gear 24, an actuating device 28 and a rod 30 that connects the actuating device and the safety gear to one another. The fall stop rope 26 is fastened in the elevator shaft 2 to a load-bearing element 14 arranged on the shaft head ceiling 12. The free end of the fall stop rope 26 runs through the actuating device 28, which is connected to the safety gear 24 that is mounted on the elevator car 6. If the elevator car 6 moves downwards too quickly during assembly work, the actuating device 28 triggers the safety gear 24 via the rod 30, which slows down the downward movement of the elevator car 6 and stops it completely. If a technician manually operates the actuating device 28, this input is transmitted to the safety gear 24 via a rod 30 and triggers a braking process in the safety gear 24. In addition to the automatic braking via the safety gear 24, a technician can also brake the car 6 manually.

A material winch is attached to a load-bearing element 14 as an embodiment of a lifting device 32. With the lifting device 32, heavier components can be moved up and down within the elevator shaft 4. In the Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the mounting platform 36 is located on the roof of the car 6.

The Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of the elevator shaft along line II-II in Fig.1 , after the car rails 42 and the counterweight rails 44 have been installed there. The drive 40 is also already in its final installation position. The view also shows the cutouts for the shaft doors 38 and a cabin door 39. The counterweight 46 is located to the side of the car 6. In the illustration shown, the safety system 22 has already been removed from the elevator shaft 4. In a further assembly step, the deflection pulley 16, the assembly cable 18, the personnel winch 20 and the lifting device 32 can also be removed from the elevator shaft after the cables that ultimately remain in the elevator system 2 have been installed in the elevator shaft 4. The final support cable can be attached to the cable fixing points 64.

The Fig.3 shows a view of an engine lifting device 48 that is movable along a guide rail 50 in the vertical direction, as indicated by the double arrow. The engine lifting device 48 has a holder 52 to which a drive 40 can be connected. The engine lifting device 48 is guided by guide elements 54 during upward and downward movements. The holder 52 is movable in the horizontal direction via several joints 56. A handle 58 is arranged on the engine lifting device 48 for better handling.

The Fig.4 shows a view of the upper end of an elevator shaft 4 with the shaft head 10. In this view, the safety system 22 with the release mechanism 34 is clearly visible. The release mechanism 34 is used to create the emergency opening 60, through which a technician can still free himself from the shaft head 10. can be used if the passenger winch 20 fails. In Figure 4 the exemplary height of the emergency opening 60 is marked with a double arrow to the right of the elevator shaft 4. A smaller double arrow indicates that the trigger mechanism 34 can be set to a different trigger height along the assembly cable 18. The trigger mechanism 34 has Fig.4 The embodiment shown has a pressure-resistant element 34a in the form of a sheet metal angle and a pressure-compliant element 34b in the form of a spring. Both elements 34a, 34b are placed over the assembly cable 18 in such a way that the latter can run freely through them when the elevator car 6 moves. Depending on the height at which the pressure-resistant element 34a is arranged relative to the pressure-compliant element 34b, a different trigger threshold results at which the trigger mechanism 34 switches off the personnel winch 20. The pressure-resistant element 34a and the pressure-compliant element 34b are designed to be telescoped into one another and to be fixed in different positions relative to one another. When the elevator car 6 travels upwards, the pressure-resistant element 34a inevitably strikes the deflection roller 16 at some point. The shock pulse triggered thereby is transmitted to the pressure-compliant element 34b, which in turn transmits the pressure to a switching element 62, which switches off the passenger winch 20 when actuated.

In Fig. 5a a schematic view of an elevator system 2 is shown, the elevator car 6 of which is suspended in a 1:1 suspension. In this suspension, a deflection pulley 16 is missing, the assembly cable 18 is attached with a first end directly to the load-bearing element 14 and with a second end directly to the passenger winch 20.

At the Fig. 5b In the suspension shown in a ratio of 2:1, the assembly cable 18 is guided over a deflection roller 16 which is suspended from the load-bearing element 14. In this suspension, the first end of the assembly cable 18 is attached to the car 6 and the second end of the assembly cable 18 is attached to the passenger winch 20.

The suspension in Fig. 5c shows a type of suspension in a ratio of 3:1. Here, two deflection pulleys 16 are used, of which the first deflection pulley 16 is attached directly to a first load-bearing element 14 and the second deflection pulley 16 to the car 6. The assembly cable 18 is attached with its first end directly to a second load-bearing element 14 and with its second end to the personnel winch 20. Between the two ends, the assembly cable 18 is guided over the two deflection pulleys 16.

The suspension in Fig. 5d shows a type of suspension in a ratio of 4:1. There, two deflection pulleys 16 are each attached to their own load-bearing element 14. A third deflection pulley 16 is attached to the car 6. The assembly cable 18 is attached with its first end to the car 6 and with its second end to the passenger winch 20 and is guided between its two ends over the three deflection pulleys 16.

Depending on the type of suspension, it is therefore necessary to use a different number of deflection pulleys 16, which must be attached to a load-bearing element 14 and, with a corresponding type of suspension, also to the car 6. Depending on the type of suspension, there are also different attachment points for the ends of the assembly cable 18. A second end of the assembly cable 18 is inevitably always connected to the personnel winch 20, with the first end then being attached directly to a load-bearing element 14 or to the car 6, depending on the type of suspension.

The invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. It will not be difficult for a person skilled in the art to modify the embodiment in a manner that he deems appropriate in order to adapt it to a specific application.

List of reference symbols

2

Elevator system

4

Elevator shaft

5

traverse

6

Car

8th

floor

10

Shaft head

12

Shaft head ceiling

14

Load-bearing element

16

Pulley

18

Mounting rope

20

Passenger winch

22

Security system

24

Safety gear

26

Fall arrest rope

28

Actuating device

30

Rods

32

Lifting device

34

Trigger mechanism

34a

compression-resistant element

34b

pressure-resistant element

36

Assembly platform

38

Shaft door

39

Cabin door

40

drive

42

Car rail

44

Counterweight rail

46

Counterweight

48

Engine lifting device

50

Guide rail

52

bracket

54

Guide element

56

joint

58

Handle

60

Emergency opening

62

Switching element

64

Rope anchor point

Claims (13)

Method for the scaffold-free assembly of an elevator system (2) in an elevator shaft (4), wherein a car (6), a counterweight (46), car rails (42), counterweight rails (44), at least one suspension cable, a drive (40), shaft doors (38), cabin doors (39) and an electrical installation are installed in the elevator shaft (4), characterized in that during assembly of the elevator system (2) in the elevator shaft (4), an assembly cable (18) is, depending on the suspension, either directly attached to a load-bearing element (14) with a first end, or the assembly cable (18) is guided with the first end over at least one deflection roller (16) attached to a load-bearing element (14) and the first end is connected to the elevator car, the second end of the assembly cable (18), depending on the suspension, is guided either directly or over at least one further deflection roller (16) and connected to a passenger winch (20) mounted on the at least partially assembled elevator car (6). a safety system (22) is mounted, then during the further assembly of the elevator system (2) the at least partially assembled elevator car (6) with the personnel winch (20) is used to transport assembly personnel within the elevator shaft (4), and after the end of the assembly the assembly cable (18), the number of deflection pulleys (16) used and the personnel winch (20) are removed from the elevator shaft (4) again. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a lifting device (32) is additionally mounted in the elevator shaft (4), the lifting device (32) is used during further assembly to transport components of the elevator system (2) and the lifting device (32) is removed from the elevator shaft (4) again after the end of the assembly work in the elevator shaft (4). Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that separate load-bearing elements (14) have been mounted in the shaft head ceiling (12), to which at least one deflection roller (16), the assembly cable (18), the lifting device (32) and/or a fall stop cable (26) are fastened. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least some components are used for the safety system (22) which form a permanently remaining component of the elevator installation (2) even after completion of the assembly work in the elevator shaft (4). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a safety system (22) is installed on the elevator car (6) and in the elevator shaft (4), which safety system has a fall stop rope (26), a safety gear (24), an actuating device (28) and a rod (30) that connects the actuating device (28) and the safety gear (24) to one another. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the safety system (22) has a combination of a pressure-resistant element (34a) and a pressure-compliant element (34b) as the trigger mechanism (34). Method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the security system (22) has safety switches. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the safety system (22) has a trigger mechanism (34) for producing an emergency opening (60), which can be adjusted to a different trigger height. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elevator car (6) is provided with the passenger winch (20) in a position close to the ground in the elevator shaft (4), the assembly of the elevator car rails (42) is carried out progressively from bottom to top, and the elevator car (6) is guided by elevator car rails (42) already previously assembled in the elevator shaft (4) during the assembly progress when assembling the elevator car rails (42). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the suspension of the elevator car (6) on the assembly cable (18) takes place in a suspension of at least 1:1. Method according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 10, characterized in that for the transport of the drive (40) in the elevator shaft (4), a motor lifting device (48) is introduced into the elevator shaft (4), which has a holder (52) for receiving the drive (40), the motor lifting device (48) is movable up and down in the elevator shaft (4) with a lifting device (32), and the motor lifting device (48) is held and guided via guide elements on a guide rail (50). Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the engine lifting device (48) has one or more joints (56) via which the holder (52) is pivotally connected to the rest of the engine lifting device (48) in a horizontal plane. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the assembly of the following components of the elevator system (2) takes place in the chronological sequence of the phases to which the individual components are respectively assigned: a) with a suspension 1:1 :
the elevator car (6) is at least partially assembled, the assembly cable (18) is suspended from a load-bearing element (14), the passenger winch (20) is mounted on the elevator car (6) and the safety system (22) is mounted on the elevator car (6) and in the elevator shaft, the assembly cable (18) is connected to the load-bearing element (14) and the passenger winch (20), and at least the lowest car rail (42) and optionally also the counterweight rail (44) are mounted in the elevator shaft (4), b) for suspension 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, X:1:
the elevator car (6) is at least partially assembled, at least one deflection pulley (16) is suspended from at least one load-bearing element (14), the assembly cable (18) is guided over the at least one deflection pulley (16), the passenger winch (20) is mounted on the elevator car (6) and the safety system (22) is mounted on the elevator car (6) and in the elevator shaft (4), the assembly cable (18) is connected to the elevator car (6) or load-bearing element (14) and the passenger winch (20) and at least the lowest elevator car rail (42) and optionally also the counterweight rail (44) are mounted in the elevator shaft (4), c) the car rails (42) required further up in the lift shaft (4) and optionally also the counterweight rails (44) in the lift shaft (4) are progressively assembled from bottom to top using the at least partially assembled car (6) moved via the passenger winch (20) and the assembly cable (18) as an assembly platform (36), d) the motor lifting device (48) moved by a lifting device (32) previously installed in the lift shaft (4) is installed in the lift shaft (4) and the drive (40) is mounted in the lift shaft (4), e) the shaft doors (38) and optionally also the cabin doors (39) as well as the electrical installation are mounted, f) at the latest now, the counterweight rails (44) are mounted in the elevator shaft (4), at least one support cable is placed on the drive (40) and connected to a previously mounted cable anchor point (64), a previously mounted counterweight (46) and the elevator car (6), g) after phase f), the passenger winch (20) and the components of the safety system (22) that do not remain permanently on the elevator car (6) are dismantled from the elevator car (6), the assembly rope (18), the lifting device (32) and the components of the safety system (22) that do not remain permanently in the elevator system are removed from the elevator shaft (4), and after phase d), the motor lifting device (48) has been removed from the elevator shaft (4).

Images