GB2226380A - Tapered tubular composite shafts - Google Patents
Tapered tubular composite shafts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2226380A GB2226380A GB8830012A GB8830012A GB2226380A GB 2226380 A GB2226380 A GB 2226380A GB 8830012 A GB8830012 A GB 8830012A GB 8830012 A GB8830012 A GB 8830012A GB 2226380 A GB2226380 A GB 2226380A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- shaft
- shaft according
- wound
- strips
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011243 crosslinked material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
- E04H15/32—Parts, components, construction details, accessories, interior equipment, specially adapted for tents, e.g. guy-line equipment, skirts, thresholds
- E04H15/60—Poles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F41B5/00—Bows; Crossbows
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B6/00—Projectiles or missiles specially adapted for projection without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge, e.g. for blow guns, bows or crossbows, hand-held spring or air guns
- F42B6/02—Arrows; Crossbow bolts; Harpoons for hand-held spring or air guns
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
- A63B2209/02—Characteristics of used materials with reinforcing fibres, e.g. carbon, polyamide fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
- A63B60/06—Handles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
- A63B60/06—Handles
- A63B60/08—Handles characterised by the material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
- A63B60/06—Handles
- A63B60/10—Handles with means for indicating correct holding positions
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Golf Clubs (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Tapered shafts (e.g. for use as golf clubs, aerials, tent poles, fishing rods or bows/arrows) are made, according to the invention, from two or more metal layers, each metal layer being separated from the next by a layer of a cross-linked resinous material eg 13. A mandrel (30) is covered with a layer of a resin eg epoxy, phenolic, polyimide or polyester and tension is applied to metal strips (20, 21) in the direction of arrows A and B respectively, during which the mandrel (30) is rotated in the direction of arrow C. Metal strips (20, 21) each have a width l and the overlap between the strips is l'. In the illustration, l' = 1 DIVIDED 2l. The adjacent edges of each strip are separated by a distance of from 0.01 mm to 1.00mm. Many fillers and reinforcing materials eg aromatic polyamide (Kevlar RTM) for the resinous material are given. <IMAGE>
Description
TAPERED TUBULAR COMPOSITE SHAFTS
This invention relates to tapered tubular composite shafts and to a method for their manufacture. The present invention also relates to sports implements including tapered tubular composite shafts.
While the present invention will be described herein with particular reference to tapered shafts for golf clubs, it is not to be construed as being limited thereto.
Tapered tubular composite shafts, especially when used as components of sports implements, require, inter alia, the following properties (a) Light-weight to high-strength ratio; (b) Good corrosion-resistance; (c) Economy and reproducibility of manufacture.
It has been found that such properties may be achieved by making the shaft from two or more layers of a metal, each layer being separated from the next by a layer of a resinous material.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a tapered tubular composite shaft comprising two or more layers of a metal, each said layer being separated from the next metal layer by a layer of crosslinked polymeric material.
Preferably, each metal layer may comprise one or more helically-wound strips.
In one embodiment of thespresent invention, the metal strips are helically wound in the same direction.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, the metal strips are wound in a cross-helical pattern.
The present invention also provides a method of making a tapered tubular composite shaft comprising two or more helically-wound metal strips, each strip being separated from the next by a layer of a crosslinked polymeric material, in which alternate metal strips are wound in the same direction.
The present invention further provides a method of making a tapered tubular composite shaft comprising two or more helically-wound metal strips, each strip being separated from the next by a layer of a crosslinked polymeric material, in which alternate metal strips are wound in diametrically-opposite directions.
The present invention yet further provides a tapered tubular composite shaft made by the method described in either of the two immediately-preceding paragraphs and still further provides a sports implement (for example, a golf club) including such a tapered tubular composite shaft.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, adjacent edges of each helically -wound metal strip are separated one from another by a distance of from 0.01 mm to 1.00 mm, preferably from 0.05 mm to 0.40 mm.
Suitably, the metal used for the strips may be steel (for example, martensitic steel, stainless steel or hardened and tempered steel).
Alternatively, the metal may be titanium or aluminium.
The crosslinked polymeric material which separates the metal layers may, according to the present invention, comprise one or more epoxy, phenolic or polyester resins or one or more polyimides.
The crosslinked polymeric material may include a reinforcing filler such as talc, alumina, mica, glass flake or glass microspheres.
Alternatively or in addition to the filler, the crosslinked material may include reinforcing fibres and/or reinforcing fabrics. The fabric and/or fibres may, for example, be made of glass, carbon, polyester, polyamide, asbestos or boron. A particularly preferred reinforcing fabric or fibre is one made from the polyamide available under the Registered Trade Mark
KEVLAR.
Tapered tubular composite shafts according to the present invention may be additionally provided, on their inner and/or outer surfaces, with a decorative and/or corrosion-resistant coating.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, alternate helically-wound metal strips may be so disposed that they overlap each other.
The preferred degree of overlap of successive strips is related to the strip width by the expres -sion
A = N-1 x strip width wherein A is the degree of overlap and N is the number of strips.
For example, two metal strips may overlap each other by one-half the strip width and three metal strips may overlap one another by one-third the strip width.
The bond between each metal layer and its associated layer or layers of crosslinked polymeric material may be enhanced by means of a mechanical and/or a chemical surface treatment of the metal.
Examples of mechanical surface treatment include surface-roughening by abrasion, shot-blasting or sand -blasting.
Examples of chemical surface treatment include the application of a bond-promoting agent, such as a silicon- based or titanium-based material, to each metal layer.
Alternatively, an adhesive, such as an epoxy -based, acrylic-based or cyanoacrylic-based adhesive, may be applied to each metal layer.
The present invention will be illustrated, merely by way of example, in the following description and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings
Figure 1 is a part-sectional exploded view of
a tapered tubular composite shaft according
to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of
a preferred method of making the shaft
of Figure 1.
In Figure 1, the shaft (shown generally at 10) has a wall thickness e and a diameter D. The shaft 10 comprises an inner layer 11 of epoxy resin, a first helical winding 12 of hardened and tempered steel strip, an intermediate layer 13 of epoxy resin, a second helical winding 14 of hardened and tempered steel strip, and an outer layer 15 of epoxy resin.
Each helical winding of strips 12 and 14 has a width 1 and the overlap between the strips is 1'.
In the shaft illustrated in Figure 1, the overlap is one-half the strip width, i.e. 1.
Referring now to Figure 2, two hardened and tempered steel strips 20 and 21 are shown being wound around a mandrel 30 in diametrically-opposite directions.
The mandrel 30 is first covered with a layer (not shown) of epoxy resin which corresponds to the inner liner 11 of Figure 1.
Tension is applied to the strips 20 and 21 in the direction of arrows A and B respectively. During winding, the mandrel 30 is rotated about its longitudinal axis in the direction of arrow C.
Metal strips 20 and 21 each have a width 1 and the overlap between the strips is 1'. In the shaft illustrated in Figure 2, the overlap is again one-half the strip width, i.e. 1.
In the manufacture of a composite shaft according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, hardened and tempered steel strip is prepared by degreasing with trichlorethylene, followed by shot -blasting on both surfaces and finally by etching with a chromic acid/sulphuric acid mixture.
The prepared steel strip is pre-impregnated with a one part, hot-setting epoxy resin and wound helically, edges close, on to a tapered cylindrical mandrel. The tension of the strip during the winding is set in such a way as to obtain a continuous film of the resin of regular thickness, the surplus resin of the lower layer being eliminated by the small gap left between turns. A second strip is then wound in a similar manner but fed on to the mandrel diametrically opposite and staggered by a half-width of the strip.
More layers could be added in a similar manner to raise the mechanical properties if so required.
The strip ends are held firmly in position at both ends of the mandrel by means of suitable clamps. The assembled composite structure, mandrel and clamps is then transferred to a heat-cure oven. On full cure of the resin, the tapered mandrel is mechanically removed and can be re-used.
Although the present invention has been described herein with particular reference to a composite tapered tubular body suitable for use as a golf club shaft, it can also be adapted for the manufacture of other leisure products such as tent poles, bows/arrows, fishing rods, aerials and the like.
Claims (32)
1. A tapered tubular composite shaft comprising two or more layers of a metal, each said layer being separated from the next metal layer by a layer of a crosslinked polymeric material.
2. A shaft according to Claim 1, in which each metal layer comprises one or more helically-wound strips.
3. A shaft according to Claim 2, in which the metal strips are helically wound in the same direction.
4. A shaft according to Claim 2, in which the metal strips are wound in a cross-helical pattern.
5. A shaft according to Claim 2, 3 or 4, in which adjacent edges of each helically-wound metal strip are separated by a distance of from 0.01 mm to 1.00 mm.
6. A shaft according to Claim 5, in which the said adjacent edges are separated by a distance of from 0.05 mm to 0.40 mm.
7. A shaft according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, in which the metal is steel.
8. A shaft according to Claim 7, in which the metal is martensitic steel, stainless steel or hardened and tempered steel.
9. A shaft according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, in which the metal is titanium.
10. A shaft according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, in which the metal is aluminium.
11. A shaft according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, in which the crosslinked polymeric material comprises one or more epoxy resins, one or more phenolic resins, one or more polyester resins or one or more polyimides.
12. A shaft according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, in which the crosslinked polymeric material includes a reinforcing filler.
13. A shaft according to Claim 12, in which the reinforcing filler is talc, alumina, mica, glass flake or glass microspheres.
14. A shaft according to any one of Claims 1 to 13,' in which the crosslinked polymeric material includes reinforcing fibres and/or reinforcing fabrics.
15. A shaft according to Claim 14, in which the reinforcing fibres and/or reinforcing fabrics comprise one or more of glass fibres carbon fibres, polyester fibres, polyamide fibrers, asbestos fibres or boron fibres.
16. A shaft according to any one of Claims 1 to 15, in which the inner and outer surfaces of the tubular shaft are each provided with a decorative and/or a corrosion-resistant coating.
17. A tapered tubular composite shaft, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
18. A method of making a tapered tubular composite shaft according to any one of Claims 2 to 17, in which alternate helically-wound metal strips are wound in.
the same direction.
19. A method of making a tapered tubular composite shaft according to any one of Claims 2 to 17, in which alternate helically-wound metal strips are wound under tension in diametrically-opposite directions.
20. A method according to Claim 18 or 19, in which alternate helically-wound metal strips are so disposed that they overlap each other.
21. A method according to Claim 20, in which the degree of overlap (A) of successive strips is related to the number of strips (N) by the formula
A = N-l strip width
22. A method according to Claim 21, in which there are two metal strips which overlap each other by one -half the strip width.
23. A method according to Claim 21, in which there are three metal strips which overlap one another by one-third the strip width.
24. A method according to any one of Claims 18 to'23, in which the bond between each metal layer and the crosslinked polymeric material is enhanced by means of a mechanical or chemical surface treatment.
25. A method according to Claim 24, in which each metal layer is subjected to a surface-roughening treatment.
26. A method according to Claim 25, in which the surface-roughening treatment comprises abrasion, shot-blasting or sand-blasting.
27. A method according to Claim 24, in which a bond-promoting agent is applied to each metal layer.
28. A method according to Claim 27, in which the bond-promoting agent is a silicon-based or a titanium -based material.
29. A method according to Claim 24, in which an adhesive is applied to each metal layer.
30. A method according to Claim 29, in which the adhesive is an epoxy-based, an acrylic-based or a cyanoacrylic-based material.
31. A method of making a tapered tubular composite shaft, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
32. A sports Implement according to Claim 31, whIch is a golf club.
32. A tapered tubular composite shaft made by the method of any one of Claims 18 to 31.
33. A sports implement including a tapered tubular composite shaft according to any one of Claims 1 to 17 or Claim 32.
34. A sports implement according to Claim 33, which is a golf club.
Amendments to the claims have been filed as follows 1. A tapered tubular composite shaft comprising two or more layers of a metal, each said layer being separated from the next metal layer by a layer of a crosslinked polymeric material in which each metal layer comprises one or more helically-wound strips and adjacent edges of each said helically-wound strip are separated by a distance of from 0.01 mm to 1.00 mm.
2. A shaft according to Claim 1, in which the said adjacent edges are separated by a distance of from 0.05 mm to 0.40 mm.
3. A shaft according to Claim i or 2, in which the metal strips are helically wound in the same direction.
4. h shaft according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the metal strips are wound in cross-helical pattern.
5. A shaft according to ary one of Claims to 4, in which the metal is steel.
6. A shaft according to Claim 5, in which tne metal is martensitic steel, stainless steel or narcenec and tempered steel.
7. A shaft according to any one of Claims to 4, in which tne metal is titanium.
8. A shaft according to anv one of Claims to 4, in whIch the metal is aluminium.
9. A shaft according to azy one cf Claims 1 to 8, in which the crosslinked polymeric material comprises one or more epoxy resins, one or more phenolic resins, one or more polyester resins or one or mcre polyimides.
10. A shaft according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, in which the crosslinked polymeric material includes a reinforcing filler.
11. A shaft according to Claim 10, in which tre reinforcing filler is talc, alumina, mica, glass lae or glass microspheres.
12. A shaft according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, in which the crosslinked polymeric material includes reinforcing fibres and/or reinforcing fabrics.
13. A shaft according to Claim 12, in which the reinforcing fibres and/or reinforcing fabrics comprise one or more of glass fibres, carbon fibres, polyester fibres, polyamide fibres, asbestos fibres or boron fibres.
14. A shaft according to any one o Claims 1 to 13, in which the inner and outer surfaces of the tubular shaft are each provided with a decoratIve and/ or corrosion-resistant coating.
15. A tapered tubular composite shaft, substantially as hereinbefore described witn reference to ano as illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
16. A method of making a tatered tubular composite shaft according to any one of Claims ; to 15, in which alternate nelically-wound metal strips are wound n the same direction.
17. A method of making a tapered tubular composite sat according to any one of Claims i to 15, in which alternate helically-wound metal strips are wound under tension in diametrically-opposite directions.
18. A method according to Claim 16 or 17, in which alternate helically-wound metal strips are so disposed that they overlap each other.
19. A method according to Claim 18, n which the degree of overlap () of successive strips is related to the number of strips (N) by the the formula
A = N -.
x strit which 20. A method according to Claim 19, in which there are two metal strips which overlap each other by c-e- half the strip width.
21. A method according to Claim 19, in whIch there are three metal strips which overlap one another by one-third the strip which.
22. A method according to any one of Claims 16 to 21, in which the bond between each metal layer and the crosslinked polymeric material is enhanced by means of a mechanical or chemical surface treatment.
23. A method according to Claim 22, in which each metal layer is subjected to a surface-roughening treatment.
24. A method according to Claim 23, in which the surface-roughening treatment comprises abrasion, shotblasting or sand-blasting.
25. A method according to Claim 22, in which a bond-promoting agent is applied to each metal layer.
26. A method according to Claim 25, in which the bond-promoting agent Is a silicon-basea or a titanium based material.
27. A method according to Claim 22, in Which an adhesive is applied to each metal layer.
28. k method according to ClaIm 27, in which tne adhesive is an epoxy-tased, an acrylic-based or a cyanoacrylic-based material.
29. A method of making a tapered tubular composite shaft, substantially as nereinbefore described with reference to and as Illustrated in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
30. Atapered tubular composite shaft made by the method of any one of Claims 16 to 29.
3i. A sports implement including a tapered tubular composite shaft according to any one of Claims i to 15 or Claim 30.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8830012A GB2226380A (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1988-12-22 | Tapered tubular composite shafts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8830012A GB2226380A (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1988-12-22 | Tapered tubular composite shafts |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8830012D0 GB8830012D0 (en) | 1989-02-15 |
| GB2226380A true GB2226380A (en) | 1990-06-27 |
Family
ID=10648996
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8830012A Withdrawn GB2226380A (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1988-12-22 | Tapered tubular composite shafts |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2226380A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2681791A1 (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1993-04-02 | Salomon Sa | VIBRATION DAMPING DEVICE FOR A GOLF CLUB. |
| US5655975A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-08-12 | Roush Anatrol, Inc. | Golf club having vibration damping device and method for making same |
| US5839478A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1998-11-24 | M.R. Industries | Cold-formable composite pipe |
| US5935027A (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1999-08-10 | Roush Anatrol, Inc. | Multi-mode vibration absorbing device for implements |
| US6231456B1 (en) | 1999-04-05 | 2001-05-15 | Graham Rennie | Golf shaft vibration damper |
| GB2374646A (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2002-10-23 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Method and device for manufacturing a composite part with a protection shell |
| EP1094177A3 (en) * | 1999-10-18 | 2003-01-22 | Worlds Apart LTD | Collapsible fabric with coilable supports structures |
| GB2383267A (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-25 | Callaway Golf Co | Golf club shaft |
| US6692377B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2004-02-17 | Callaway Golf Company | Graphite shaft with foil modified torsion |
| EP2857575A1 (en) | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-08 | Miele & Cie. KG | Bag |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB555077A (en) * | 1942-04-24 | 1943-08-03 | Ames Crosta Mills & Company Lt | Improvements in valve mechanism of ejector apparatus for raising sewage and such like |
| GB849943A (en) * | 1958-01-17 | 1960-09-28 | British Insulated Callenders | Improvements in or relating to electric cables and pipes |
| GB1076384A (en) * | 1965-03-26 | 1967-07-19 | Fairweather Harold G C | Laminated golf club shaft and method of forming same |
| GB1304015A (en) * | 1969-04-30 | 1973-01-24 | ||
| GB1327246A (en) * | 1970-09-22 | 1973-08-15 | Nat Res Dev | Fibre reinforced composites |
| GB1358360A (en) * | 1972-08-15 | 1974-07-03 | Usui F | Method of forming a tapered pipe |
| GB1407913A (en) * | 1972-10-12 | 1975-10-01 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Rigid tubular bodies |
| GB2097090A (en) * | 1981-04-21 | 1982-10-27 | Dunlop Ltd | Pipe |
-
1988
- 1988-12-22 GB GB8830012A patent/GB2226380A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB555077A (en) * | 1942-04-24 | 1943-08-03 | Ames Crosta Mills & Company Lt | Improvements in valve mechanism of ejector apparatus for raising sewage and such like |
| GB849943A (en) * | 1958-01-17 | 1960-09-28 | British Insulated Callenders | Improvements in or relating to electric cables and pipes |
| GB1076384A (en) * | 1965-03-26 | 1967-07-19 | Fairweather Harold G C | Laminated golf club shaft and method of forming same |
| GB1304015A (en) * | 1969-04-30 | 1973-01-24 | ||
| GB1327246A (en) * | 1970-09-22 | 1973-08-15 | Nat Res Dev | Fibre reinforced composites |
| GB1358360A (en) * | 1972-08-15 | 1974-07-03 | Usui F | Method of forming a tapered pipe |
| GB1407913A (en) * | 1972-10-12 | 1975-10-01 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Rigid tubular bodies |
| GB2097090A (en) * | 1981-04-21 | 1982-10-27 | Dunlop Ltd | Pipe |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2681791A1 (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1993-04-02 | Salomon Sa | VIBRATION DAMPING DEVICE FOR A GOLF CLUB. |
| US5294119A (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1994-03-15 | Taylor Made Golf Company, Inc. | Vibration-damping device for a golf club |
| US5839478A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1998-11-24 | M.R. Industries | Cold-formable composite pipe |
| US5655975A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-08-12 | Roush Anatrol, Inc. | Golf club having vibration damping device and method for making same |
| US5935027A (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1999-08-10 | Roush Anatrol, Inc. | Multi-mode vibration absorbing device for implements |
| US6231456B1 (en) | 1999-04-05 | 2001-05-15 | Graham Rennie | Golf shaft vibration damper |
| EP1094177A3 (en) * | 1999-10-18 | 2003-01-22 | Worlds Apart LTD | Collapsible fabric with coilable supports structures |
| GB2374646A (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2002-10-23 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Method and device for manufacturing a composite part with a protection shell |
| GB2374646B (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2004-09-22 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Method and device for manufacturing a composite part with a protection shell |
| GB2383267A (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-25 | Callaway Golf Co | Golf club shaft |
| US6692377B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2004-02-17 | Callaway Golf Company | Graphite shaft with foil modified torsion |
| EP2857575A1 (en) | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-08 | Miele & Cie. KG | Bag |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8830012D0 (en) | 1989-02-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |