HK1088788B - Greening apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Greening device

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a greening system capable of growing plants by utilizing the water absorbing and discharging capacity of a porous structure composed of continuous fine pores represented by charcoal or the like effectively without any special irrigation equipment, and capable of achieving natural rainfall and limited irrigation, and relates to a greening system suitable for greening the roof and surroundings of a city building lacking green color, the upper surface of an underground structure, and an asphalt pavement area.

Background

In recent years, due to urban environment, the demand for greening the roof of buildings has been increasing. This is because, in addition to the roof heat insulation effect by greening, the energy saving effect of the whole building, and the improvement effect of the landscape formed by the roof garden, it is expected that the heat of vaporization accompanying the transpiration of plants plays a role in alleviating the climate of the whole street.

However, in the roof greening of a conventional building, a large amount of soil is loaded on a roof slab, and plants and trees are planted on the soil. Therefore, since a large load is applied to the building, a large-scale structural reinforcement is often required for greening the roof of an existing building. It is pointed out that a roof structure to which water is always supplied is expensive to improve waterproof performance, and may leak water in the future.

Even when a large amount of soil is deposited, the layer thickness is very thin compared to that of a normal ground surface, and therefore water in the soil is easily lost by evaporation, and frequent watering is required over the entire area of the greening area in order to maintain the growth of vegetation that cannot be maintained only by natural rainfall.

Therefore, in order to realize a greening system that can reduce the load on the building as much as possible, can prevent water leakage, and can facilitate irrigation, various systems have been proposed for greening the roof using a so-called planting box. Planting boxes are widely used for planting plants in areas where there is no planting soil such as roofs, for example, verandas and areas where asphalt is spread, and for greening apparatuses using such planting boxes, there have been proposed structures described in, for example, japanese patent laid-open publication No. 9-140252 (pages 1 to 6, fig. 1 to 3) or japanese patent laid-open publication No. 10-108547 (pages 1 to 6, fig. 1 to 5).

In a conventional greening system using a planting box, the planting box in which various plants are planted is usually directly placed on a roof or on a table for supporting the planting box. Since the planting box accommodates a limited amount of soil in the container, the load is relatively small, the operation is easy, and the planting box can be provided with waterproof performance, so that the expense for improving the waterproof performance can be reduced. Further, the roots of trees and the like do not enter the roof deck, and therefore the risk of water leakage in the future is low.

In the field of indoor gardening, there is also a potting culture called a hydroponic culture in which a so-called artificial ball, such as artificial gravel or foamed stone, is used instead of soil to culture a plant in an instrument around the plant. In plant cultivation, it is important to supply sufficient oxygen and appropriate moisture to roots, and root rot and water rot must both be prevented. Since the planting box is porous, excessive water flows out of the roots, and there is no fear of root rot, but the planting box is inferior in water retention and cannot be short of frequent watering work.

On the other hand, although the interval between water supplies for cultivation by a culture solution is relatively long, and plants can be cultivated even with water supplies of about 1 time between 2 to 3 weeks, for example, it is important to appropriately divide the gas phase and the liquid phase in the artificial cultivation soil because no hole is formed in the container, and to strictly adjust the initial water level depending on the kind of the plant, and to inject chemicals for preventing root rot and water rot, etc. into the bottom of the container.

In order to easily adjust the water level in culture, various containers for indoor gardening have been proposed. As a typical configuration, the bowl is formed in a double structure or a separable structure, and the outer or lower container is used as a water reservoir. As an indoor gardening container for watering plants in a flowerpot on the bottom surface to provide a proper supply and drainage of water and to prevent withering and root rot, for example, culture solution cultivation as described in Japanese patent laid-open publication No. 5-219845 (pages 1-7, FIGS. 1-9) or Japanese patent laid-open publication No. 8-140507 (pages 1-6, FIGS. 1-6) has been proposed.

Japanese patent laid-open No. H5-219845 (pages 1-7, FIGS. 1-9) discloses a cultivation apparatus having a pot for storing plants and soil and having a hole formed in the bottom thereof, a receiving vessel for storing water, and a water-absorbing core for absorbing water in the receiving vessel into the pot by capillary action, and Japanese patent laid-open No. H8-140507 (pages 1-6, FIGS. 1-6) discloses a cultivation apparatus having a watering device for feeding water in a water tank provided below into the pot.

However, in the conventional greening apparatus for greening a roof or the like using a planting box, since water evaporation is remarkable, it is only a planting box portion, but frequent watering work is not necessary, and cost increase and complexity in management are pointed out as problems. Furthermore, in the conventional planting box, since the containers are formed independently of each other, plants that can be planted are limited, and the roof greening area is limited to an extremely limited range. Therefore, it is impossible to construct a real garden on a roof or to create a walkable green zone.

In addition, in the case of plant cultivation using automatic water supply, a dedicated container corresponding to the irrigation equipment is required in addition to the irrigation equipment, and such a conventional greening apparatus does not meet the demand for easily cultivating plants in all places and regions and contributing to greening of the regions.

Moreover, the culture solution cultivation with relatively easy irrigation work is, after all, suitable for small-scale plant cultivation of the indoor gardening level, is not suitable for plant cultivation which is not limited to outdoor and general cultivation of plant species, and the apparatus used for culture solution cultivation cannot be applied to facilities for growing general plants outdoors.

The greening requirements are not only related to the roof of a building, but also to a wide range of areas such as a street area on a bridge and covered with asphalt, a side portion of a general road, a central separation zone, or an upper surface of an underground structure. For example, in recent years, various water channels are buried underground and use of the water channels is being attempted, but in the case of a structure such as such an underground water channel, the amount of soil is limited as in the case of greening a roof even if the surface is covered with soil, so that the cost has to be greatly increased to increase the endurance of the structure, and an economical structure for planting trees grown only with natural precipitation cannot be realized.

On the other hand, even in the case where flowers and the like of a depth as the roots of trees are not required, there is a problem in respect of appropriate water supply. That is, in addition to the planting tape provided on the structure, the water supply area is limited in both the side and center separation tapes of the road surrounded by the paved asphalt pavement and the planting in the city block, and thus flowers requiring much water may be withered only by natural precipitation.

That is, even if rainfall occurs on the road surface or the street, most of the water flows through the drainage facility, so that the area where flowers are planted is limited greatly by the natural rainfall in the area, and the area and the type of flowers are limited greatly by the conditions of water supply. Therefore, if flowers are cultivated in such a region, irrigation work is required as needed, which raises the cost required and makes management complicated. Further, there is no method of treating water by purifying sewage generated by rainfall in a wide range and introducing the purified sewage into a drainage facility or a water storage facility regardless of the presence or absence of planting.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional greening apparatus, and provides a greening apparatus which can grow plants by utilizing the water absorbing and discharging capacity of a porous structure composed of continuous fine pores represented by charcoal or the like effectively, and by utilizing natural rainfall and limited irrigation even without a special irrigation device, thereby solving the problems.

One of the specific problems is to provide a greening system which can reduce the load on the structure as much as possible and prevent the possibility of water leakage even when a real garden is constructed on the roof of a building or a green area is formed which can be walked.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a greening system which has a wide application range of containers, can easily grow plants in all places and regions by constructing a system having the same effect as the containers by hand, and is suitable for greening a large scale such as a street area where asphalt is spread over a large area.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a greening system that can grow plants only by natural rainfall without performing special watering even when trees are planted in an area where the amount of soil is limited, such as a road side planting strip, or when flowers requiring a relatively large amount of water are planted in an area where the water supply area is limited.

In order to solve the above problems, a greening apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention is a greening apparatus having a water regulating portion for discharging excessive water by forming a soil layer in which a greening plant is planted in a bottomed container opened on the top surface and supplying necessary water for growing the plant, the greening apparatus including: the container is provided with a perforated partition plate or the like which vertically partitions the inside of the container, a drain hole is provided in a side portion of the container on the upper surface of the partition plate, a water reservoir having a watertight structure is formed in the lower half of the container by the partition plate, and the soil layer placed on the partition plate contains or is laminated with a material having a porous structure formed of continuous fine pore paths for adsorbing moisture transported by the water reservoir due to evaporation or a humidity difference.

The greening apparatus can provide water and fertilizer supply effects to plants, appropriate temperature effects of soil, and the like, mainly by utilizing water movement caused by the difference in relative humidity of each layer from the water storage part to the surface of the plants.

It is intended to supply water adsorbed by a porous structure material mixed in a soil layer or layered to a plant, pass excess water such as rainwater, and also purify and drain acid rain and the like by utilizing the filtering effect. As the material of the porous structure, for example, porous volcanic rock such as zeolite (zeolite) or pumice, pearlite, vermiculite, porous ceramics, sponge having high water absorption and moisture absorption properties, charcoal, activated carbon, artificial light soil, a moisture absorbing material, a water retaining material, and the like can be applied. In addition, these materials may be processed with a photocatalyst in order to purify the retained water.

The container utilizes light-weight water-tight boxes or the like formed of materials such as styrofoam and recycled plastic systems, and perforated partitions using, for example, polyvinyl chloride boards supported by stackwood laid on the bottom. The drain hole is arranged right below the partition plate, so that residual water is not remained in the soil layer as much as possible. Therefore, the soil layer is usually separated from the water surface. A waterproof sheet, for example, may be stuck to the inside of the lower half of the container from the partition plate to form a watertight structure, or a substance such as sponge that can hold moisture even in a vertical direction may be provided. Further, a container structure having the same function can be constructed over a wide range by using the soil layer.

The holes of the partition plate also have the purpose of guiding the direction in which the roots extend, and are preferably determined as positions determined for sound root growth for each plant species. The container may be a container in which the water storage portion and the soil replacement portion for storing the soil layer are divided into different containers and combined.

The greening system according to claim 2 of the present invention is characterized in that the container comprises: a drainage part is provided on a wall body made of a material having a large water-passing performance at a side part of the container near the upper surface of the partition plate, and the container at the lower half part of the partition plate has a watertight structure and forms a water storage part buried in the ground.

The container uses a box body made of, for example, reinforced concrete, and as the perforated partition plate, a perforated plate made of, for example, precast concrete or a perforated concrete plate is used. When a structure having water permeability such as precast concrete is used as the wall body functioning as the water drain portion, the water drain portion has a function of discharging excess water to the outside and guiding rainwater to the water storage portion. Therefore, a rainwater side gutter connected to the drainage portion may be provided, or water soaked on the road surface may be collected by a waterproof sheet or the like and taken into the water storage portion. Furthermore, water collection can be performed by using underground infiltration water from the surrounding ground and drainage of underdrains, etc.

A greening system according to claim 3 of the present invention is a greening system having a water regulating unit for supplying water necessary for growing and developing a plant in a soil layer in which a greening plant is planted in a bottomed container opened on the top surface thereof and discharging excessive water, characterized in that: the container has a lower part forming a water storage part of a watertight structure, a spacer made of a material having a high water permeability is laid at least to a height exceeding the upper end of the water storage part, a drainage part for draining water exceeding the water storage part is provided on the side surface, and the soil layer placed on the spacer by a sheet having a high air permeability contains or is laminated with a material of a porous structure made of continuous fine pores for adsorbing water evaporated from the water storage part. The sheet may be a material constituting a filter layer having such a function.

The spacer is not particularly limited as long as it has a high water permeability and can support the soil layer, and other porous solid materials such as a resin underdrain drainage material and porous concrete can be used. The sheet material having a high air permeability is selected so that the water evaporated from the water storage part can pass through the sheet material without allowing the soil placed thereon to fall into the water storage part. The drainage part is preferably provided above the water storage part and below the soil layer so as to prevent residual water from remaining in the soil layer as much as possible.

The container in the greening apparatus according to claim 4 of the present invention is characterized in that: the spacer is laid on the lower half of the container by spreading a water-tight sheet and a material constituting a water-tight layer to form a water reservoir of a water-tight structure, providing a drain hole for draining water overflowing from the water reservoir on the bottom surface or the side surface, and extending to a height higher than the upper end of the water-tight sheet. This is because, in the case of greening a wide range of lands, parks, and the like, a similar structure can be constructed by using a soil layer having irregularities of a water impermeable layer and water storage capacity.

The shape and material of the container are not particularly limited as long as the water-tight sheet can be spread out in the lower half and the soil layer can be placed on the upper surface of the spacer. That is, the polystyrene foam and the plastic material may be used in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylinder, a hemisphere or the like formed of any material such as wood, metal, concrete or the like.

A water-tight sheet or the like is formed in a shape that can be developed along the surface of the lower half of the container, and when the drain hole is positioned at the bottom surface, a waterway is provided in order to allow overflowing water to smoothly flow down. The water passage is formed by inserting a pipe or the like between a water-tight sheet or the like and the inner surface of the container. The drain hole may be used as it is when it is originally present as in the case of the existing planting box, or may be provided through the container when it is not originally provided with a hole. The drain hole is arranged below the soil layer and is used for manufacturing an air layer, so that residual water is not reserved in the soil layer as far as possible.

The container for a greening apparatus according to claim 5 of the present invention is characterized in that: a mesh material is placed on a bottom surface of the net material in parallel with small containers for storing water, a drain hole for draining water overflowing from the small containers is formed in the bottom surface or a side surface, and a soil layer placed on an upper surface of the mesh material through a sheet material having a high air permeability contains or is laminated with a material having a porous structure consisting of continuous fine pore paths for adsorbing moisture evaporated from the small containers. The small container has a diameter such that the web material placed thereon does not loosen. The net is a member for separating the water storage part and the soil layer of the small containers arranged in parallel, and is made of a hard material.

The material of the porous structure of the greening apparatus according to claim 6 of the present invention is characterized in that: is a charcoal which is based on plywood and wood logs forming construction waste and charring them. The waste materials such as box plywood discharged from construction works are reused in consideration of the environment, and plywood regenerated carbon is formed by a carbonizing device without burning them. The firing temperature during carbonization is preferably about 1300 ℃. When the charcoal is fired at about 700 degrees, the residual concentration of harmful substances such as cadmium and arsenic in the charcoal increases, but when the temperature is about 1300 degrees, the harmful substances are substantially removed. The plywood regenerated carbon is plate-shaped, so that the holes of the plywood are easily blocked, and the unnecessary substances are prevented from falling into the water storage part from the soil layer. Further, when the powder is further subdivided, the powder is formed into a needle shape, and the internal specific surface area is increased. In addition, there is a method in which charcoal is directly packed in a bag to be spread.

The soil layer of the greening apparatus according to claim 7 of the present invention is characterized in that: the soil is a light wood-based soil in which, for example, charcoal and rotten wood chips are mixed as main materials, and is constituted of a soil having a large water retention capacity and little water evaporation into the atmosphere. The blending is preferably 5% of high-temperature charcoal, 5% of medium-temperature charcoal, 70% of decayed wood chips, and 20% of light-weight soil such as coconut fiber, pearlite, vermiculite, peat moss, ruby soil or black soil. Furthermore, coarse-grained soil such as seashells, leaf mold, porous volcanic rock, moisture-absorbing material, water-retaining material, artificial light-weight soil, and the like may be mixed.

The soil layer of the greening apparatus according to claim 8 of the present invention is characterized in that: a charcoal layer is interposed between the partition plate and the partition plate. The charcoal layer has a constant water holding amount, so that the adsorption and discharge of water can be staged by the arrangement of the charcoal layer, thereby limiting the useless water supply.

The soil layer of the greening apparatus according to claim 9 of the present invention is characterized in that: a charcoal layer surrounded by a sheet material having a high air permeability is interposed, and charcoal packed in a bag can be directly laid.

A water storage unit of a greening apparatus according to claim 10 of the present invention is characterized in that: has a capacity to store the amount of water necessary for the growth and development of the plants from natural precipitation during one year. The soil layer has a large water retaining capacity and a small amount of water evaporation, and the water in the water storage portion can be consumed only by adsorption of charcoal or the like. Here, since the water storage part can secure the amount of water necessary for the growth of plants, only natural precipitation can be stored without requiring a separate watering device. Furthermore, regular water changes are not required, for example, for normal climates. For example, if a soil layer having a thickness of 5cm is provided in the container, the depth of the water reservoir is set to 5 cm.

The container for a greening system according to claim 11 of the present invention is characterized in that: in order to afforest the roof of a building, a plurality of containers are arranged in parallel on a roof plate constituting the roof in such a manner that the drainage holes communicate with each other, and the containers are placed on a beam member forming a fulcrum on a beam constituting the roof plate.

In order not to cause a container load to act on the base surface of the roof slab having a low load tolerance, a pad is disposed on the beam to form a fulcrum. The horizontal members are arranged in parallel at appropriate intervals so that the containers can bear load. By communicating the drain holes, the excess water can be quickly drained to the outside. In addition, the cushion is a rubber leg cover, so that the vibration damping effect on the whole building can be obtained.

Since the stacked load is directly applied to the main structural member of the building, when there is a margin in the member, no particular reinforcement is required. Furthermore, it is not necessary to particularly enhance the waterproofing of the base surface. Therefore, the present invention can be easily applied to existing buildings, and can be applied to any size and scale.

The greening system according to claim 12, wherein the plurality of containers are characterized in that: a plate for adjusting the height is interposed between the cross member and the container, and a strip material for reinforcing is fixed around the container so that the thickness and height of the soil layer can be varied.

For example, in the case of using a container made of styrofoam, styrofoam is used as well as a plate body and a band-shaped member, and the respective containers are closely attached and arranged, and the band-shaped member is fixed by adhesion. The thickness and height of the soil layer can be varied, so that the whole soil layer can be continuously used as a plane, and the lawn and grass can be planted in parallel.

A greening system according to a 13 th aspect of the present invention is a greening system including a soil layer in which a greening plant is planted, a water storage unit for supplying water necessary for growth and development of the plant, and a water adjustment unit for discharging excess water, the greening system comprising: the water storage part is composed of a porous cover body for placing a soil layer for plant cultivation and a water storage container, wherein the soil layer for plant cultivation comprises at least one porous structural material comprising or laminating continuous micro-pores, the water storage container is provided with a vertical groove for connecting an overflow notch and the vertical groove on the side wall and a raised bottom part for draining water vertically and horizontally on the bottom surface, and the inner wall is protruded from the lower surface of the porous cover body or the inner surface of the water storage container, is abutted against the water storage container or the cover body and is provided with an opening for water passing.

The water storage container may have any shape, material, and combination as long as it has a notch, a vertical groove, and a raised bottom. Various shapes of cases such as rectangular parallelepiped, cylindrical, and hemispherical bodies made of all materials such as styrofoam and plastic materials, wood, metal, and concrete can be used. The soil layer is separated from the water surface because the residual water overflows from the gap. The overflowing water is transferred to the vertical trench and flows on the base plate, and flows down to the outside through the raised bottom for drainage.

The holes provided through the lid body are used for dropping moisture such as rainfall passing through the soil layer into the water storage container and for adsorbing the moisture evaporated from the water storage container by the material having a porous structure, so that an appropriate number of holes can be provided to prevent the soil from falling into the water storage container. The inner wall is reinforced in such a manner that the lid body can bear the load of the soil layer, and is configured to abut against the water storage container or the lid body without being deviated from each other. The openings are provided so as to keep the water dropped into the water storage container in a uniform state, and the positions and shapes of the openings are selected so as not to cause any problem in the load support.

A greening system according to claim 14 of the present invention comprises: a water reservoir is provided in parallel on the bottom surface of a side portion of an asphalt pavement, and a gutter portion of a porous structural material formed of continuous fine pores is arranged at a position separated from the water surface of the water reservoir, a drainage introducing portion for introducing drainage of the asphalt pavement and the side gutter into the gutter portion, a soil layer on which greening plants are planted and placed on the porous structural material, and a purified water outflow portion for purified water which overflows from the water reservoir after being purified by the porous structural material.

Since the water reservoir is provided with the porous material at a position separated from the water surface, for example, a spacer made of a material having a high water permeability is laid at a height exceeding the upper end of the container, and the porous material is placed on the spacer by a sheet having a high air permeability. In the water storage device, the mesh material may be placed on the bottom surface of the water storage container in parallel with the small containers for storing water, and the porous material may be placed on the upper surface of the mesh material by the sheet material having high air permeability. In either case, the porous material is isolated and as little residual moisture as possible remains in the porous material and in the soil layer.

The asphalt pavement may be laid on either one or both surfaces of the groove. The groove-shaped portion has at least a porous material composed of continuous fine pore paths and a wall portion for receiving the soil layer, and the wall portion introduces drainage water into the porous material.

The drainage water discharged from paved asphalt roads, particularly roads such as national roads and highways, which are frequently traveled by vehicles, contains various substances such as sand, dust, suspended substances in the air, tires, and friction chips of paved asphalt, oil, etc. during rainfall, and the drainage water discharged from these road areas also causes turbidity in the water in public waters. By the filtering effect of the material having a porous structure, the drainage water is supplied to the plants as purified water and flows down to the outside of the area.

The discharge portion of the purified water in the greening apparatus according to claim 15 of the present invention is an underground water guide portion located below the groove portion, and is characterized in that: holes for allowing the purified water to flow down and the water evaporated from the underground water conduit to be supplied to the porous structural material are provided through the top of the underground water conduit. The purified water overflowing from the water container is transported from the hole part to the water vapor in one water guide way flowing down from the underground water guide way, passes through the hole and is adsorbed by the porous structural material to form the water for plant growth. The underground water guide path may be set in the side or central separating belt of the paved asphalt road or in the whole range of the paved asphalt road.

As described above, the greening apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention is such that the container is divided into the upper and lower parts by the perforated partition plate or the like, and the lower part is the water reservoir, and the soil layer placed on the upper surface contains or is laminated with the material of the porous structure formed of the continuous fine pore paths for adsorbing the water transported by evaporation or humidity difference by the water reservoir, so that the adsorbed water can be supplied to the plants, and the surplus water such as rainwater can be passed through, and the filtration effect is utilized to form clean water such as acid rain and the like for drainage, thereby having the effect of alleviating the influence on the environment and human body.

The greening system according to claim 2 of the present invention is a structure in which the water storage part is buried in the ground, and therefore, rainwater can be guided to the water storage part, and the greening system can be applied to large-scale greening of streets, for example.

The greening system according to claim 3 of the present invention is provided with the partition holding member made of a material having a high water permeability and containing or laminating a material having a porous structure, so that the soil layer can be formed to be separated from the water storage section without using the perforated partition and the partition support member for separating the soil layer and the water storage layer. Therefore, the application range of the container can be expanded.

The greening system according to claim 4 of the present invention forms the water storage part by spreading a water-tight sheet on the lower half of the container, so that plants can be easily planted in all places and regions by using a general container.

The greening system according to claim 5 of the present invention is configured such that the water storage part is formed and the soil layer is supported without using the spacer and the water-tight sheet, because the small containers are arranged in parallel and the net material or the like is placed thereon for water storage.

In the greening apparatus according to claim 6 of the present invention, since the porous structure material is a material obtained by carbonizing plywood or the like, which is a construction waste, the pores of the partition plate are easily closed by the plate-like charcoal, taking into consideration environmental problems, and the unwanted material is prevented from falling from the soil layer into the water storage part.

The soil layer of the greening apparatus according to claim 7 is a light-weight woody soil in which charcoal and rotten wood pieces are mixed as main materials, and is constituted of a soil having a large water holding capacity and little water evaporation into the atmosphere, so that the plant can grow even with little water supply.

In the soil layer of the greening apparatus according to claim 8 of the present invention, the amount of water retained is constant and the adsorption and discharge of water is stepwise formed, and the supply of water which is not used is limited, because the charcoal layer is interposed between the soil layer and the partition plate. At this time, water supply effect, fertilizer supply effect, soil cooling effect, and the like are brought about by water movement and capillary phenomenon of transpired water due to the difference in relative humidity of each layer.

In the greening system according to claim 9 of the present invention, the soil layer is surrounded by a sheet having a high air permeability, so that the adsorption and discharge of water are staged to restrict the supply of water which is not used.

The water storage part of the greening apparatus according to claim 10 of the present invention has a volume capable of storing the amount of water necessary for the growth of the plants from the natural rainfall during one year. So that only natural precipitation can be stored without the need for additional irrigation means. Furthermore, regular water changes are not required, for example, for normal climates.

In the container for a greening system according to claim 11 of the present invention, since a plurality of containers are arranged in parallel in such a manner that drainage holes communicate with each other on a beam member forming a fulcrum on a beam constituting a roof slab, even when greening the roof of a building, the container does not act on the base surface of the roof slab having a low load tolerance. Therefore, since the stacked load is directly applied to the main structural member of the building, when there is a margin in the member, no particular reinforcement is required. Furthermore, the drain holes are communicated to quickly drain the excess water to the outside, so that it is not necessary to enhance the water-proofing of the base surface. Therefore, the present invention can be easily applied to existing buildings, and can be applied to any size and scale.

In the greening system according to claim 12, the plurality of containers are formed by interposing a plate for height adjustment between the containers and the beam member, fixing a strip member for reinforcement around the containers, and varying the thickness and height of the soil layer, so that the entire container can be continuously used as a plane, and lawns, grass, etc. can be planted in parallel, and trees other than shrubs such as rhododendron can be planted, and a slope can be formed, so that a real garden can be constructed on the roof of a building.

The greening system according to claim 13 of the present invention can surely separate the soil layer from the water surface by overflowing the surplus water by the notch, and can allow the overflowing water to flow on the base plate by transferring to the vertical groove and smoothly flow down to the outside through the raised bottom for drainage. The inner wall is reinforced in a form that the cover body can bear the load of the soil layer, and the existence of the opening is utilized to ensure that the water dropping into the water storage container is kept uniform. The holes provided through the cover body drip rainwater passing through the soil layer into the water storage container, and the moisture evaporated from the water storage container is adsorbed by the porous material.

The greening system according to claim 14 of the present invention is capable of effectively utilizing purified water by planting greening plants by placing a porous material and a soil layer on a water reservoir, and is capable of providing a greening system in which plants can be grown only by natural rainfall without special watering even when trees are planted in an area on the road where the amount of soil is limited and flowers requiring a relatively large amount of water are planted in an area where the area for water supply is limited.

The greening system according to claim 15 of the present invention is configured such that the underground water conduit forms an outflow part of purified water, and therefore, the greening system contributes to improving the quality of water in the water conduit and uses water vapor in the water conduit for the growth and development of plants.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an oblique view of a planting container.

Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a roof greening plan.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a roof greening plan.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a section of a soil layer in which a planting container for planting is buried in the ground.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the planting container buried in the ground.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a planting container utilizing spacer holding material.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a planting container with small containers for storing water arranged side by side.

Fig. 8 is a front view of the water reservoir for plant cultivation.

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the water reservoir for plant cultivation.

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the cross-section X-X in fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of section XI-XI in fig. 9.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view showing a state where a soil layer in which planting is performed is placed on the water reservoir.

Fig. 13 is a partially enlarged sectional view showing a state where a soil layer in which planting is performed is placed on the water reservoir.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the device for purifying and greening road surface drainage by the water reservoir.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a reservoir having a perforated cover.

FIG. 16 is a sectional view of the water container in which the gap retaining material is stored.

FIG. 17 is a sectional view of a device for purifying and greening road surface drainage according to another embodiment.

1: planting container 2: letter body

3: and (4) stackwood 4: perforated partition plate

5: water storage portion 6: drain hole

7: soil layer 8: water (W)

9: 10 of charcoal: roof slab

11: girder 12: herb flower

13: shrub 14: middle wood

15: beam material 16: liner pad

17: plate-like material 18: strip material

19: pseudo-stone 20: charcoal layer

101: planting container 102: box body

102 a: fulcrum 103: perforated partition plate

104: water storage portion 105: wall body

106: wall side 107: waterproof sheet

201: planting container 202: container with a lid

202 a: drain hole 203: water-tight sheet

204: spacer holding material 205: sheet material

206: charcoal layer 207: soil layer

208: greening plants 209: ground cover

301: planting container 302: planting container

302 a: drain hole 303: small container

304: the mesh material 305: sheet material

306: water retention layer 307: soil layer

308: greening plants 309: ground cover

401: the water reservoir 402: cover body

402 a: back surface 402 b: ditch (I)

403: water storage container 403 a: bottom surface

403 b: raised base 404: hole(s)

405: side wall 406: vertical trench

407: inner wall 408: gap for overflow

409: the inclined plane 410: structure body

411: charcoal 412: soil(s)

413: greening plant 501: greening device

502: underground water conduit 503: top part

504: wall 505: ditch-shaped part

506. 507: the water reservoir 508: charcoal

509: soil layer 510: ground cover

511: paving an asphalt pavement 512: drainage measuring tool

513: tube 514: hole(s)

515: greening plant 516: container with a lid

517: hole portion 518: cover body

519: the container 520: spacing member

521: drain 522: anti-corrosion scrap

Detailed Description

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is an oblique view of the basic planting container forming the greening arrangement. A planting container 1 is laid with a log 3 on the bottom of a styrofoam case 2 opened at the top, and a perforated partition plate 4 made of a polyvinyl chloride plate is placed thereon. A waterproof sheet, not shown, is attached to the inside of the container in the lower half by the partition plate 4 to form a watertight structure, which is used as the water storage part 5. The dimensions of the planting container 1 are basically, for example, the shape of the member having a thickness of 10cm, a width of 10cm, a depth of 50cm, and a height of 20cm, and may be smaller or larger than that.

Drain holes 6 are formed at appropriate positions in the side portion of the vessel located directly above the upper surface of the partition plate 4, and excess water in the upper portion of the partition plate 4 is quickly drained to the outside. The soil layer 7 placed on the partition plate 4 contains charcoal 9 for adsorbing moisture evaporated from the water 8 stored in the water storage part 5. Further, the soil layer 7 may be clearly separated into a charcoal layer and a soil replacement layer.

The soil layer 7 is, for example, a woody lightweight soil containing, as a main material, rotten wood pieces, not shown, in addition to the charcoal 9, and is constituted of a soil having a large water retention capacity and a small amount of water evaporated into the atmosphere. Greening plants, not shown, are planted in the soil layer 7. The soil layer 7 is usually separated from the water surface of the water storage part 5, but the mixed charcoal 9 adsorbs the moisture in the air in the lower half container part by utilizing the balance maintaining function of the relative humidity of each layer and supplies to the plant.

The water storage unit 5 stores water mainly by rainfall, but the amount of water stored ensures the amount of water necessary for the growth of plants over a year. Thus, only natural precipitation can be stored without the need for additional irrigation means. Furthermore, regular water changes are not required, for example, for normal climates.

The charcoal 9 mixed in the soil layer 7 is preferably mainly made of plywood and wood log, for example, which form construction waste, and carbonized. The waste molding box plywood discharged from construction works is used as plywood regenerated carbon, and the plate-like characteristics are effectively utilized to block the holes of the partition plate 4 and prevent the unwanted substances from falling from the soil layer 7 to the water storage part 5, not only in consideration of the environment. Further, when the regenerated plywood carbon is further subdivided, it is formed into a needle shape to increase the internal specific surface area, so that the absorbency is good and the water vapor absorption rate is confirmed to be about 10% or more. Therefore, it has transpiration effect in the dry period and moisture absorption effect in the wet period, and has high water content regulation ability by natural respiration. Moreover, the soil improvement effect and the sewage purification function are also large.

Fig. 2 and 3 below show an example of greening the roof of a building by using the planting container 1. FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a roof greening plan, and FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view thereof. The roof greening plan is to construct a walkable yard having planting containers 1 and wooden decks disposed at appropriate positions on the roof.

In this roof, a coating layer made of a waterproof layer and compacted concrete, not shown, is provided on the top surface of the roof slab 10, and a protective wall and a grid are provided around the coating layer. The planting container 1 is disposed between the girders 11 of the roof slab 10, but may be disposed at any position on the base surface when the planting container is small in size and has a small load. In addition, in the planting container 1, shrubs 13 such as rhododendron and medium trees 14 such as maples can be planted in addition to ground coverings such as lawns and herbaceous flowers 12.

The planting container 1 is disposed in such a manner that adjacent drainage holes communicate with each other, whereby excess water is quickly sent to the outside, and is guided to a drainage port on the roof of a building by a drainage ditch or a connection pipe, not shown, connected to the drainage hole on the outside, and flows out. Since the planting container 1 has the waterproof function of the greening device as described above, it is not necessary to improve the roof waterproofing, and there is no possibility that the roots of the plants enter the roof deck 10 directly, so that there is no possibility that water leakage will occur due to the greening device in the future.

A plurality of planting containers 1 arranged in parallel are placed on a beam member 15, and a spacer 16 is arranged on a beam 11 as a fulcrum so as not to apply a container load to the base surface of a roof slab 10 having a low load tolerance. The spacer 16 may be a pad (pad) made of a plate-like rubber or the like so as not to damage the roof panel 10. The beam member 15 can be made of any material such as steel or wood, but it is necessary to arrange the planting containers 1 at appropriate intervals so as to support the load.

Since the girder 11, which is a main structural member of the building, is directly loaded with load in this manner, no special reinforcement is required when there is a margin in strength of the member. In addition, although this greening apparatus can be basically maintained by natural rainfall, since water supply is required even when the reduction of the stored water is excessive due to abnormal weather or the like, a water level gauge may be mounted in advance at an appropriate position of the planting container 1 in order to monitor the water supply.

As shown in fig. 3, in order to provide a height difference to the yard, a plate 17 for height adjustment is inserted between the beam material 15 and the planting container 1 at an appropriate position, and a strip material 18 for reinforcement is fixed around the container to vary the thickness and height of the soil layer 7. These plate body 17 and strip-shaped member 18 are made of styrofoam, and are closely adhered and fixed to each other by an adhesive or a bolt or a metal part.

The pseudo stone 19 and bricks, natural stones, and the like, not shown, are disposed at appropriate positions, and the entire surface is continuously used as a plane. Further, the cross member 15, the plate 17 and the planting container 1 are securely fixed to each other by a coupling member not shown.

The soil layer 7 of the greening apparatus is interposed with a charcoal layer 20 at a suitable position between the partition plate 4 and the soil layer. Since the water retaining amount of the charcoal layer 20 is constant, the adsorption and discharge of water can be performed in stages by providing the charcoal layer, and the supply of useless water can be restricted. Further, by exhibiting a filtering effect against acidic rain, rainwater contaminated with air, or the like, purified water can be stored or discharged, and an effect of alleviating an influence on the environment and human body can be obtained.

Next, an embodiment of the greening apparatus for enlarging the container will be described with reference to fig. 4 and 5. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a section of a soil layer in which the planting container is not buried in the ground, and fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the planting container buried in the ground. Planting container 101 uses a reinforced concrete box 102 with an open top, and has a bottom provided with a fulcrum 102a, and a perforated partition plate 103 made of precast concrete is placed thereon. The interior of the lower container is formed in a watertight structure by the partition plate 103, and serves as a water storage section 104.

Water storage unit 104 is buried in the ground, and upper wall 105 is formed into a structure having water permeability such as porous concrete by partition plate 103. Wall 105 has a function of discharging excess water overflowing from water storage unit 104 to the outside and guiding rainwater to water storage unit 104. Therefore, the wall side portion 106 is refilled with coarse soil, and the waterproof sheet 107 is laid thereunder to collect the permeated water.

On the top surface of the partition plate 103, a charcoal layer 109 covered with a sheet 108 having a high air permeability, a rotten soil 110 placed thereon, and a soil layer composed of a surface layer 111 covered with wood chips or lawn are formed. In the water storage part 104, the rainfall permeates from the surface layer 111 and is stored, but the permeation water from the surrounding area may be concentrated to secure the water storage amount.

The planting container described above is divided into upper and lower portions by the perforated partition plate, and the lower portion is used as the water reservoir, but the material may be held by a spacer instead of the partition plate. This embodiment is shown in fig. 6. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a planting container utilizing spacer holding material. The planting container 201 is composed of a bottomed container 202 opened at the top, a water-tight sheet 203 developed in the lower half of the container, a spacer 204 laid at a height higher than the upper end thereof, a charcoal layer 206 covered with a sheet 205 having a high air permeability, and a soil layer 207 placed on the charcoal layer.

The planting container 201 may be not only a planting box but also a box body of various shapes and materials, and if the drain hole 202a is not previously formed, it may be formed at an appropriate position. For the water-tight sheet 203, a waterproof/water-blocking sheet made of polypropylene (PP) or synthetic rubber is used to provide water storage function to all tanks. The through position of the drain hole 202a is disposed below the charcoal layer 206, so that the charcoal layer 206 is not soaked by water as much as possible.

The spacer 204 is made of, for example, a resin underdrain drainage material. The material is porous as a whole, has high water permeability, and has a small deformation amount with respect to a load. It may be constituted by mixing charcoal in the soil layer 207, but in this case, a sheet having a large ventilation property is laid at the boundary with the space holding material 204.

The greening plants 208 may be planted on the soil layer 207, and the surface may be subjected to vegetation such as ground cover, wood chip cover, various ground covers 209, and the like, which have little water evaporation into the atmosphere and have water permeability and moisture-proof effects on the soil.

Next, a cultivation container in which small containers are arranged side by side for water storage will be described with reference to FIG. 7. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a planting container with small containers for storing water arranged side by side. The planting container 301 includes a bottomed container 302 having an open top, small water-storing containers 303 arranged in parallel in the container, a net material 304 placed thereon, a water-retaining layer 306 made of a mineral having a continuous microporous structure and covered with a sheet material 305 having a high air permeability, and a soil layer 307 placed thereon.

The planting container 302 is provided with a drain hole 302a for draining water overflowing from the small container 303, and a greening plant 308 is planted on the soil layer 307, and the surface is coated with various ground coatings 309.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a water reservoir for plant cultivation suitable for a greening apparatus will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 8 is a front view of the water container for plant cultivation, FIG. 9 is a plan view, and FIGS. 10 and 11 are sectional views respectively showing the X-X section or XI-XI section of FIG. 9. The water container 401 is composed of a lid 402 made of styrofoam and a water container 403, and holes 404 are provided through the lid 402 at a plurality of positions. A vertical groove 406 is provided at the center of each side wall 405 of the water storage tank 403, and an overflow notch 408 is formed at the top of the water storage tank except for a position where the inner walls 407 are joined. The inner wall 407 has the same height as the side wall 405, and has inclined surfaces 409 formed at the ends of the staggered arrangement as openings for water passage. A groove 402b is formed in the back surface 402a of the cover 402, and the top of the inner wall 407 is fitted. The height of the back surface 402a is set to be slightly higher than the bottom height of the overflow notch 408. Raised bottom portions 403b for drainage are formed vertically and horizontally on the bottom surface 403a of the water storage tank 403.

The method of using the water reservoir will be described with reference to fig. 12 and 13.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view showing a state where a soil layer in which planting has been performed is placed, and fig. 13 is a partially enlarged sectional view thereof. The water reservoir 401 is arranged in parallel on the structure 410, the floor surface, or the like, and on the top surface, charcoal 411 surrounded by a sheet having a high air permeability and soil 412 having a high water holding capacity and little water evaporation to the atmosphere are placed, and a greening plant 413 is planted.

In the water reservoir 401 during rainfall, water purified by the soil 412 and the charcoal 411 is stored. The surplus water overflows from the notch 408, flows over the structure 410 along the vertical groove 406, and flows down to the outside through the raised bottom 403b for drainage. A hole 404 provided through the lid 402 allows rainwater or the like to drip into the water storage container 403, and allows water evaporated from the water storage container 403 to be adsorbed by the charcoal 411.

A greening system for purifying the surface drainage water by a reservoir and planting the purified water will be described with reference to fig. 14. FIG. 14 is a sectional view of a greening apparatus using a water container. The road surface drainage purification and greening apparatus 501 has walls 504 and 504 facing the ceiling 503 of the underground water conduit 502 erected to form a gutter 505. The wall 504 may be integrally formed with the underground water conduit 502, or may be formed by embedding an anchor (not shown) or the like in the roof 503 and connecting the other plate members.

A water reservoir 506 having a lid having a hole or a water reservoir 507 for housing a gap retaining material is provided in parallel on the bottom surface of the gutter 505, and charcoal 508 surrounded by a sheet having a high air permeability is placed on the top surface in a layered form. A soil layer 509 having a large water holding capacity and a small amount of water evaporation into the atmosphere is formed on the top surface of the charcoal layer 508, and the top surface is coated with, for example, ground cover plants, wood chips, various ground covers 510, and the like.

Drainage generated during rainfall or the like is collected in drainage meters 512 provided in the wall 504 on the asphalt pavement 511 and 511 positioned on both sides of the gutter 505, and water is supplied to the charcoal layer along a pipe body 513 having a hole provided at an appropriate position. The charcoal 508 purifies the drainage water by exerting a filtering effect. A hole 514 is provided through the top 503 of the underground water conduit 502, and excess water purified by the charcoal 508 and overflowing the water reservoirs 506, 507 flows down the underground water conduit 502 through the hole 514.

Greening material 515 is planted in soil layer 509. The charcoal 508 purifies the drainage water, adsorbs water evaporated by the water reservoirs 506 and 507, and supplies the water to the greening plants 515. Holes 514 provided through the top 503 supply water evaporated from the underground water conduit 502 to the charcoal 508. That is, the water in the underground water conduit 502 also forms moisture for plant growth.

The water reservoir will be described in detail with reference to fig. 15 and 16. Fig. 15 is a sectional view of a water container having a lid having a hole, and fig. 16 is a sectional view of a water container for storing a gap retaining material. The water reservoir 506 is composed of a plastic container 516 and a styrofoam cover 518 that is inserted through the hole portion 517, and a notch is inserted at an appropriate position in the side portion of the container 516 to quickly discharge excess water on the upper portion of the cover 518 to the outside. The charcoal 508 placed on the top surface of the lid 518 adsorbs moisture in the atmosphere in the container 516 and supplies the moisture to the plant 515. In the container 516, the rainfall penetrating the soil layer 509 and the drainage of the asphalt pavement 511 supplied from the pipe body 513 are purified and stored, but the water storage amount is an amount of water necessary for growing the plants 515 for one year.

On the other hand, the water reservoir 507 includes a tank 519 and a spacer member 520 made of a resin underdrain material. The interval-maintaining member 520 is laid to a height beyond the upper end of the container 519. Since the spacer member 520 is used, the water in the container 519 can be separated from the charcoal 508, and the range of application of the container 519 can be expanded to any application. That is, the water storage tanks 506 of a fixed shape having the cover 518 are arranged in parallel to the gutter 505, and the water storage tank 507 for storing the gap retaining member 520 is inserted into a portion where they cannot be stored.

Next, another embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 17. FIG. 17 is a sectional view of a device for purifying and greening road surface drainage according to another embodiment. In addition, the same components and functions as those shown in fig. 17 are denoted by the same reference numerals in fig. 17, and detailed description thereof is omitted. The road surface drainage purification and greening apparatus 601 forms a gutter 505 by using a wall body 504 and a drainage gutter 521 erected from a ceiling 503 of the underground water conduit 502. In fig. 17, two groove portions 505 are formed.

A ground plate using the chips 522 having excellent drainage performance is constructed on the portion where planting is impossible due to the gutter 505, and the surface of the ground plate is covered with the chips 510 to form a wooden footpath having a soft feeling. In this way, it is also possible to provide the purification device underneath the walkway and to arrange the planting tape parallel thereto. In fig. 17, the device 601 for purifying and greening road surface drainage is installed in the underground water conduit 502, but the device is also applicable to a general walkway and a central separation belt without a structure below.

The greening system can be applied to greening of roofs, bridges, and street areas where asphalt is laid, greening of upper parts of water paths such as underground sewers and underground water tanks, and also contributes to purification of road surface drainage of automobile roads and the like.

Claims (8)

1. A greening apparatus having a water content adjusting unit for discharging excess water content by forming a soil layer in which a greening plant is planted in a bottomed container opened at the top surface and supplying water content necessary for the growth of the plant, the greening apparatus comprising:

the container has a lower part forming a water storage part of a watertight structure, a spacer made of a material having a high water permeability is laid at least to a height exceeding an upper end of the water storage part, and the soil layer placed on the spacer by a sheet having a high air permeability contains or is laminated with a material of a porous structure made of continuous fine pores for adsorbing water evaporated from the water storage part.

2. The greening device according to claim 1, wherein: the container is provided with a water-tight sheet at the lower part thereof to form a water reservoir of a water-tight structure, a drain hole for draining water overflowing from the water reservoir is provided through the bottom surface or the side surface, and the spacer is laid so as to reach a height higher than the upper end of the water-tight sheet.

3. Greening arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the material of the porous structure is mainly plywood and wood, which are construction waste, and charcoal, which is carbonized.

4. Greening arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the soil layer is a woody lightweight soil containing charcoal and rotten wood chips as main materials, and is formed of a soil having a large water retention capacity and a small amount of water evaporated into the atmosphere.

5. Greening arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the soil layer is interposed by a charcoal layer surrounded by a sheet material having a high air permeability.

6. Greening arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the water storage part has a volume capable of storing the amount of water necessary for the growth of the plant from the natural precipitation amount during one year.

7. Greening arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in order to make the roof of a building greened, a plurality of the containers are arranged in parallel on a roof plate constituting the roof in such a manner that the drainage holes communicate with each other, and the containers are placed on a beam member forming a fulcrum on a beam constituting the roof plate.

8. The greening device according to claim 7, wherein: the plurality of containers are provided with a plate for height adjustment between the containers and the beam material, and a strip material for reinforcing is fixed around the containers, so that the thickness and height of the soil layer can be varied.