HK1164408A - Fan blade - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fan blade (6), in particular for smoke extractor fans, comprising fastening means (5) for mounting the fan blade (6) on a fan hub, and a blade section (7). In order to improve such a fan blade (6) in terms of the amount of material used and the mass, the blade section (7) has an outer casing (8) which encloses a hollow space.

Description

本发明涉及一种风扇叶，尤其是风扇排气风扇叶，包括风扇叶的安装装置以及叶片段。

Ventilators for underground trains or tunnels and/or enclosed vehicle buildings such as underground garages must reliably work for very long periods of time under a variety of load and environmental conditions. Typical is the installation of ventilators in underground trains or tunnels or underground garages for an operation over several years or decades. Especially when ventilators are used as exhaust ventilators in underground trains or tunnels, metro or tunnel operators have requirements for the operability of the ventilator at high temperatures, which occur in particular in fire cases. The requirements are in part legally prescribed. On the other hand, as is generally common, there is an effort to manufacture ventilators as cost-effectively and material-efficiently as possible.

Allgemein, ventilators are present in their foundation according to the construction of a ventilator hub, which is provided with a plurality of ventilator blades radially. The fixing of the ventilator blades is carried out by fixing means such as screws. See, for example, US 2 342 421 A1.

Considering the general requirements on fans, different fan blades are conceivable. To keep the mass low, fan blades can be made of solid aluminium or an aluminium alloy. However, the disadvantage of aluminium-fabricated fan blades is their limited applicability above about 300°C. The strength of aluminium decreases significantly at the mentioned temperatures, so that aluminium gradually starts to flow. Even special aluminium alloys do not substantially improve this weakness. As a result of this disadvantageous property of aluminium, fan blades can change their shape and/or length at high temperatures, such as those that may occur during fires, thereby significantly impairing or even making their use impossible for a purpose.

Due to the lack of the aluminum produced ventilator blades, the technically available exhaust ventilator blades are used in the case of high loads, i.e. high rotational speeds and / or large blade lengths. Steel ventilator blades, however, have the disadvantage of having a very high mass and are expensive to manufacture due to the large material input.

本发明的任务是提供一种风扇叶片，它可以用于高温度环境，例如隧道火灾中遇到的高温度环境，而不受限制，同时不必提供过大的重量。

As disclosed by the invention, this task is solved for the ventilator blade of the kind mentioned at the outset, in that it exhibits the feature combination of claim 1 of the patent. In particular, the blade section has an outer casing enclosing a cavity. Accordingly, it is provided that the blade section of the ventilator blade is not continuously solid, as in the state of the art. Thereby an immediate material and mass saving results.

为了改善发明的通风机叶轮的稳定性，特别是其拉伸强度，根据本发明，在空腔中布置有支撑元件。

In particular, in a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrier element is one-part with the fixation means formed. In this way, the unit from the fixation means and the carrier element arranged in the recess of the shovel section can absorb all pull forces with advantage in operation. The outer shell of the shovel section according to this advantageous embodiment of the invention mainly fulfills aerodynamic functions. Advantageously, an optimized material for the purposes of rigid fixation of the fan shovel at the fan hub can be selected and simultaneously an optimized material for the aerodynamic shaping of the fan shovel can be selected. In particular, it is advantageous to select a material with high thermal rigidity and good behavior at high temperatures for the carrier element. According to the invention, an optimized material for the fan shovel can be selected, for example, an aluminum alloy, which is light in weight and can be used without impairing the rigidity of the fan shovel. In accordance with the invention, however, other materials or alloys, for example based on titanium, can also be used.

If the carrier element is essentially made of a steel alloy and/or a titanium alloy, the advantage of the invention results in a particularly favorable embodiment that the warm-up resistance and the time behavior of the fan blade are particularly large. This is particularly the case for steel alloys. Because the warm-up resistance and the time behavior of steel are also very good at temperatures above, for example, 300 °C. In particular, the warm-up resistance at the aforementioned temperatures is significantly better than that of aluminum.

According to the invention, the carrier element is modularly composed of several, in particular mutually connected by a plug connection, individual elements. The modular construction of the carrier element allows particularly cost-effective production based on standardized individual components, which are adaptable to different ventilator outlet types. The modular construction also enables production-wise the use of standardized components for various ventilator blades, in particular with respect to length.

发明的特别有利之处在于，如果载体元件具有一个或多个与外罩形状匹配的横截面杆，尤其是风扇叶片的横截面形状，则外罩可由形状匹配的弯曲制成。因此，即使在高温下，也保持风扇叶片的空气动力学横截面形状。

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the cavity is filled with a foam-like filling mass. The foam-like filling mass should preferably have a low mass or density. The outer casing may be supported in accordance with the invention by the foam-like filling mass in such a way that the aerodynamic profile is retained. Thus, the wearing out of the outer casing in areas, for example between the profile fins of the carrier element, can be effectively avoided. By filling the cavity with a foam-like filling mass, it is also advantageous to avoid the accumulation of liquids in the cavity. The accumulation of liquids in the cavity would increase the effective mass of the fan blade in an undesired manner. Furthermore, the risk of corrosion exists upon the introduction of water into the cavity. Furthermore, the vibration behavior and damping of the blade are improved by foaming. All this is effectively prevented by filling the cavity with the foam-like filling mass. As a filling mass, a foam that is preferably mixable from two components has been shown to be suitable.

If the outer shell of the invention is provided with at least one hole in the cavity, a further advantageous design of the invention results. If the hole is provided at the radial outer end of the fan blade, the fluid that has entered the cavity during operation is carried out of the cavity by the suction force of the cavity, thereby preventing the undesired increase in the mass of the fan blade due to the condensation in the inner space and the increased corrosion hazard. The installation of a hole at the radial inner end of the fan blade, in particular, allows an inspection of internal seams, for example by endoscopic methods. This is advantageous when the outer shell is joined to the carrier element.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention envisages that the outer skin is hollow space side equipped with a corrosion protection and/or essentially made of steel alloy. Both measures, alone or in combination, have a clear improvement of the corrosion resistance of the outer skin. This in turn allows for the design of the outer skin to be thin-walled. For example, a strength of the outer skin of 1 mm may be sufficient.

在另一种设计中，外壳由两个或多个相互连接的片状外层元件组成。

特别是根据发明的通风机叶片的扭转刚度通过在外部壳体的外部配备加强元件以加强通风机叶片（6）而改进。

The stiffening agents may be arranged in other configurations of the invention on one printing surface and/or on an underprinting surface of the outer jacket. For example, the stiffening agents may be more pronounced on the underprinting surface than on the overprinting surface.

The invention is described by way of an exemplary preferred embodiment referring to a drawing, wherein further advantageous details can be taken from the features of the drawing.

Functionally identical parts are provided with the same reference symbols.

The drawings show in detail: Figure 1: carrier element for an inventive fan blade in a perspective view;Figure 2: inventive fan blade (a) in an axial view and (b) in a radial section view;Figure 3: inventive fan blade in an alternative embodiment, the views correspond to those of Figure 2.

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a steel beam frame 1. The steel beam frame 1 is assembled from a total of three profile beams 2. The profile beams 2 are connected to one another by means of a connection joint via two cross braces 3. The profile beams are connected to one another via the cross braces 3 in such a way that a drilling of the profile from the steel beam frame 1 is produced by mounting an outer shell on the circumferential edges 4 of the profile beam 2 to produce a ventilator blade. The profile beam 2 standing in front in the figure is connected to a mounting bolt 5. This is not recognizable in Figure 1. The mounting bolt 5 serves to fix the ventilator blade to the steel beam frame 1 in a ventilator housing not shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 2 shows an invention ventilator blade 6. The ventilator blade 6 indicates the fixing bolt 5 at the radial inner side, which has been mentioned in connection with Fig. 1. The ventilator blade 6 indicates a shovel section 7. The shovel section 7 consists of an outer shell 8. The outer shell 8 is manufactured from a number of steel plates with a material thickness of 1 mm. The steel plates are attached to the circumference edges 4 of the profile shaft 2 of the steel carrier frame 1 by welding. The outer shell 8 encloses a hollow space. The hollow space is partly filled with the steel carrier frame 1. The remaining hollow space can be filled with a filling mass. The radial view according to part (b) of Fig. 2 shows the aerodynamic profile of the ventilator blade 6 particularly clearly. It is also noticeable that a base plate 9 separates the shovel section 7 from the fixing bolt 5. The fixing bolt 5 runs through the base plate 9.

In the radial upper view according to figure 2 (b), it is clearly recognizable that the profile of the outer shell 8 corresponds to the profile of the supporting rods 2 of the steel supporting structure 1 according to figure 1. The steel supporting structure 1 is preferably made of steel. The outer shell 8 can be made of steel alloy.

在外壳8上可以有径向的排水孔12。而且在壳8内径向可以有内窥镜孔13。

Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment of a ventilator blade according to the invention. The representation and basic structure correspond essentially to those of Figure 2. However, the blade 6 according to Figure 3 is additionally provided with support plates 10, 11. The support plates 10, 11 are essentially vertically on the base plate 9. On the other hand, the support plates 10, 11 stand essentially vertically on the outer skin 8 area. The support plates 10, 11 are thus essentially radially oriented, but oriented essentially at an angle of 90° to the outer skin 8 of the blade section 7. The overpressure side support plate 11 is stronger than the underpressure side support plate 10. The support plates 10, 11 can also be connected.

Figures 1-3 depict the construction of an inventive ventilator blade 6. The inventive ventilator blade 6 has a steel support frame 1, to which an outer shell 8 made of steel is welded. The welding is done along the outer edges 4 of the profiles 2 of the steel support frame 1. The outer shell 8 encloses a cavity in which the steel support frame 1 is arranged. The remaining cavity may be filled with a filling material. Thus, one obtains a particularly lightweight, economical, yet rigid implementation of a ventilator blade within the scope of the invention.

在本发明中，可以使用钛合金或其他材料代替钢。

附件

1. Steel column frame2. Profile seam3. Crossbeam4. Edge of circumference5. Fastening bolt6. Ventilator blade7. Blade section8. Outer shell9. Base plate10. Support plate11. Support plate12. Drainage drilling13. Endoscopic drilling

Claims (10)

1. Fan blade (6), in particular for smoke extractor fans, comprising fastening means (5) for fastening the fan blade (6) to a fan hub and comprising a blade portion (7), the blade portion (7) having an outer shell (8) that encloses a hollow space, a support element (1) being arranged in the hollow space, characterised in that the support element (1) is modularly formed from a plurality of individual elements that are in particular interconnected by a plug-in connection.
2. Fan blade (6) according to claim 1, characterised in that the support element (1) is integral with the fastening means (5).
3. Fan blade (6) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the support element (1) is made substantially from a steel alloy and/or a titanium alloy,
4. Fan blade (6) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the support element (1) has one or more chords (2) adapted to the shape of the outer shell (8).
5. Fan blade (6) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the hollow space is filled with a foam-like filling material.
6. Fan blade (6) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the outer shell (8) is provided with at least one through-bore (12, 13) going into the hollow space.
7. Fan blade (6) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the outer shell (8) is provided with corrosion protection on the hollow-space side and/or is substantially made from a steel alloy.
8. Fan blade (6) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the outer shell (8) consists of two or more interconnected plate-like shell elements.
9. Fan blade (6) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the outer shell (8) is provided on the outside with reinforcing elements (10, 11) for reinforcing the fan blade (6).
10. Fan blade (6) according to claim 9, characterised in that the reinforcing elements (10, 11) are arranged on a pressure side and/or on a vacuum side of the outer shell (8),