HK1110016B - A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of pathologies caused by the general response of the immune system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising amides of mono- and di-carboxylic acids and hydroxystilbenes for the treatment of pathologies caused, sustained and/or characterised by an abnormal general response of the immune system, in both humans and animals.

STATE OF THE ART

The literature is full of evidence of direct "cross-talk" between the cellular population consisting of mastocytes (M) and the general population of activated T lymphocytes (ATL).

Early evidence for the interaction between M and ATL cells began to emerge at the end of the 90s, from an Israeli immunology research group. In one interesting publication, the authors conclude by hypothesising that the "T cell-mast cell" interaction may be bidirectional and represent an important regulatory and/or modulatory stage of the general immune response (Mekori YA et al. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1999 Sep.;104:517-23). A direct interaction between the two cell lineages was shown for the first time in 2002; mastocyte mediators originating from the degranulation of human M cells are capable of increasing interferon-y production by CD8+ and CD4+ T-lymphocytes (Francina L. de Pater-Huijsen et al. - Immunology 2002 May;106:11-19). This fascinating hypothesis, reiterated in a "review" published in Nature Immunology in February 2005 (Galli S. et al. - Nature Immunology 2005 Feb.;6(2):135-42), is confirmed in the literature, in April 2005 when the same group, belonging to Stephen Galli, show the importance of degranulated TNF from M cells on T lymphocyte activation (Nakae S. et al. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2005 Apr.;102(18):6467-72); the authors conclude by claiming the identification of a multiple mechanism by means of which mastocytes are capable of influencing the proliferation and production of cytokines from T lymphocytes. The direct "cross-talk" between M cells and T lymphocytes is only clearly confirmed and discussed in October 2005 (Salamon P. et al. - Allergy 2005 Oct.; 60(10):1316-9) and its role in T lymphocyte mediated inflammatory processes demonstrated.

Currently, the diseases characterised by an abnormal immune response are treated by the administration of appropriate drugs which modulate lymphocyte activity exclusively.

The possibility of modulating the general immune response by modulating mastocytes and activated T lymphocytes simultaneously has never been proposed and described.

Thus, the underlying idea behind the present invention is that of modulating the body's general immune response by simultaneously modulating mastocyte (M) reactivity - understood as being the differential degranulatory response of the same - and the activated T lymphocyte (ATL) cytokine and functional response.

Said simultaneous modulation may be obtained through the use of a pharmaceutical composition as described in claim 1.

Hence, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising amides of mono- and di-carboxylic acids and polyphenols belonging to the hydroxystilbene family, and may be used for the treatment of immuno-inflammatory diseases caused, sustained and/or characterised by abnormal general immune responses, in both humans and animals.

In particular, such diseases are those caused by exogenous antigenic stimulii (the so-called "non-self" stimulii). This includes, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, allergic alveolitis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, conjunctivitis and anaphylaxis. Around 10% of the global population suffer from allergic disorders, with an overall predominance in the industrialised countries, with spikes of 15% in subpopulations (infant atopic dermatitis).

Other types of disorders include those caused by endogenous antigenic stimulii (the so-called "self" stimulii), normally defined as autoimmune disorders, characterised by hypersensitivity towards body components. This includes multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, bullous pemphigus, urticaria pigmentosa, systemic scleroderma, uveitis, cicatricial ocular pemphigus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriatic arthritis. The most frequently observed autoimmune diseases affect no less than 5% of the global population.

The disorders characterised and/or sustained by neuro-immunogenic inflammation - in practice almost all the inflammatory diseases - are organ-specific disorders such as interstitial cystitis in humans and in cats, prostatitis, arthrosis in humans and in dogs, numerous autonomic and somatic neuropathies, vulvovaginitis, vulvar vestibolitis, viral infections of the vagina and uterine neck, oral mucositis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, geriatric dermatitis (characterised by characteristic symptomatology such as dryness, dyskeratosis, itching, epidermal lesions etc), radiation dermatitis (from the sun, from radiotherapy in cancer patients etc.) and many others. Epidemiological estimates consider the incidence of such diseases to be no less than 40% of the population, and increasing rapidly due to increased average global lifespan and, in the field of veterinary medicine, in consideration of the increasing attention being paid to pets. The pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises one or more of the N-acylethanolamine derivatives selected from N-palmitoylethanolamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-lauroylamide, N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)nonandiamide, N,N'-bis(2-hydroyethyl)-2-dodecendiamide, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-lauroylamide and one of more of the hydroxystilbenes selected from resveratrol and the glycosides of resveratrol. The hydroxystilbenes may be in both the trans and cis isomeric forms.

The synthesis of the N-acylethanolamine derivatives and hydroxystilbenes of the invention is well known in the art and is, for example, exemplified in EP 0 550 006 , in US Patent Application US2004/0014682A1 , in US 5,506,224 , in US 5,618,842 , in EP 0 751 947 and in EP 1 115 392

The one or more N-acylethanolamine derivatives and the one or more hydroxystilbenes are comprised within the composition, respectively, in quantities ranging from 0.0001 mg/kg/day to 20 mg/kg/day, preferably from 0.05 mg/kg/day to 10 mg/kg/day for the N-acylderivatives of aminoalcohols, and preferably from 0.005 mg/kg/day to 10 mg/kg/day for the hydroxystilbenes.

Said active ingredients, optionally micronised or co-micronised with one or more appropriately mixed excipients, may be formulated for oral, buccal, parenteral, rectal, transdermal or topical administration, or in a form adapted for administration by inhalation or insufflation (either through the mouth or nose).

Said appropriately mixed active ingredients may be formulated for oral, buccal, parenteral, rectal, transdermal, topical administration onto the skin and mucosa, or in a form adapted for administration by inhalation or insufflation (either through the mouth or nose).

The pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration may be, for example, in the form of tablets or capsules (containing powders or oil mixtures), acceptable excipients such as binding agents (for example pre-gelatinised corn starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or carboxymethyl-cellulose); fillers (for example lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium hydrogen phosphate); lubricants (for example magnesium stearate, talc or silica); disintegrants (for example potato starch or sodium starch glycolate); or surfactants (for example sodium lauryl sulphate). Tablets may be coated, using methods well known in the art. Liquid preparations for oral administration may be, for example, in the form of solutions, syrups or suspensions or may be as lyophilised products to be reconstituted, prior to use, with water or other suitable carriers. Such liquid preparations may be obtained using conventional methods with pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as suspension agents (for example sorbitol syrup, cellulose derivatives or hydrogenated edible fats); emulsifiers (for example lecithin or acacia); non-aqueous carriers (for example almond oil, oily esters, ethyl alcohol or fractionated vegetable oils); and preservatives (for example methyl- or propyl-p-hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid). Preparations may also appropriately contain flavourings, colourants, sweeteners and preservatives.

Preparations for oral administration may be appropriately formulated to allow the controlled release of the active ingredient.

Compositions for buccal administration may be in the form of conventionally formulated tablets or lozenges.

The appropriately mixed active ingredients may be formulated for parenteral administration by injection. Formulations for injections may be presented in single dose form, for example in ampoules with added preservative. The compositions may be presented in the aforementioned form as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous carriers and may contain formulary agents such as suspension agents, stabilisers and/or dispersants. Alternatively, the active ingredient may be in powder form for reconstitution, prior to use, using an appropriate carrier, for example sterile water.

According to the present invention, the active ingredients may also be formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, for example containing common basic suppository components such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.

In addition to the previously described compositions, the compounds may also be formulated as deposit preparations. Such long acting preparations may be administered as implants (for example subcutaneously, transcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection. Thus, for example, the active ingredients may be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example in the form of an emulsion in a suitable oil) or ion exchange resin or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example as a sparingly soluble salt.

The appropriately formulated pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be administered at dosages varying between 0.1 and 30 mg/kg, from 1 to 4 times per day. The dosage of the compositions will be determined according to the disease to be treated, the level of seriousness of said disease, and the condition of the patient. Furthermore, the dose will depend on the selected route of administration. It should be considered that it might be necessary to make continual adjustments to the dosage depending on the age and weight of the patient, in addition to the seriousness of the clinical condition to be treated. The exact dose and the administration route will finally be at the discretion of the physician or veterinarian.

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

Some examples of pharmaceutical formulations according to the invention are reported below.

EXAMPLE 1 Tablets for oral use.

Each tablet contains:

• co-micronised powder containing: N-palmitoylethanolamine   300 mgResveratrol   25 mgResveratrol glucoside   10 mglactose   200 mg
• corn starch   100 mg
• talc   10 mg
• magnesium stearate   5 mg
• hydroxypropylmethylcellulose   5 mg
• titanium dioxide   1.5 mg
• yellow iron oxide (E172)   0.4 mg

EXAMPLE 2 Capsules for oral use.

Each soft gelatine capsule contains:

• N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-lauroylamide   150 mg
• Resveratrol glucoside   50 mg
• soya lecithin   30 mg
• vegetable oil   300 mg
• erythrosine (E127)   0.1 mg

EXAMPLE 3 Lyophilised ampoules.

Each lyophilised ampoule contains:

• N,N'-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-nonandiamide   100 mg
• Resveratrol glucoside   50 mg
• mannitol   100 mg

Each solvent ampoule contains:

• pyrogen-free double distilled water   3 ml

EXAMPLE 4 Ampoules for intramuscular use.

Each ampoule contains:

• N,N'-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-nonandiamide   50 mg
• Resveratrol glucoside   50 mg
• physiological solution (isotonic saline) as required up to   2 ml

EXAMPLE 5 Cream for dermatological use.

100 g of cream contains:

• N,N'-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-nonandiamide   2 g
• Resveratrol   0.5 g
• Resveratrol glucoside   0.3 g
• sorbitan monostearate   0.5 g
• polyoxyethylene-sorbitan-monostearate   4.5 g
• ethyl alcohol   3.0 g
• stearic acid   3.0 g
• paraffin oil   10.0 g
• 70% sorbitol   6.0 g
• methyl p-oxybenzoate   0.2 g
• propyl p-oxybenzoate   0.05 g
• deionised water   as required up to   100.0 g

EXAMPLE 6 Gel for gynaecological use.

100 g of gel contains:

• N,N'-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-nonandiamide   1.0 g
• Resveratrol glucoside   1.0 g
• glycerine   8.0 g
• Hydrogenated ricin oil   1.0 g
• Propylene glycol   1.0 g
• polycarbophil   1.5 g
• vitamin E acetate   0.5 g
• Vitamin A acetate   0.05 g
• polyvinyl alcohol   0.2 g
• hyaluronic acid   0.2 g
• phytosphingosine   0.02 g
• methyl p-oxybenzoate   0.10 g
• 2-phenylethanol   0.15 g
• quercetin   0.1 g
• water   as required up to   100.0 g

EXAMPLE 7 Soft gelatin vaginal ovules.

Each ovule contains:

• N,N'-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-trans-2-dodecenediamide   0.5 g
• resveratrol glucoside   0.6 g
• propylene glycol   1.5 g
• erythrosine (E127)   0.1 mg

EXAMPLE 8 Ophthalmic ointment.

100 g of ointment contains:

• N,N'-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-trans-2-dodecenediamide   0.5 g
• Resveratrol    0.5 g
• viscous vaseline   as required up to   100.0 g

EXAMPLE 9 Sterile ophthalmic eyewash (in single dose packs).

100 g of eyewash contains:

• N,N'-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-nonandiamide   0.5 g
• resveratrol glucoside   0.3 g
• hyaluronic acid sodium salt   0.01 g
• pyrogen-free physiological solution   as required up to   100.0 g

EXAMPLE 10 Rectal suppositories.

Each suppository contains:

• N-palmitoylethanolamine   0.3 mg
• resveratrol   0.2 mg
• resveratrol glucoside   0.05 mg
• Fatty excipient for suppositories
• as required up to   2.0 g

EXAMPLE 11 Powder for chiropody use.

100 g of powder contains:

• co-micronised powder containing: N,N'-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-lauroylamide   2.3 gresveratrol   1.5 gresveratrol glucoside   0.8 gattapulgite   50.0 g
• acrylic copolymer   3.0 g
• vitamin E acetate   1.0 g
• dimethicone   2.0 g
• isopropylmyristate   2.0 g
• menthol   1.5 g
• eucalyptol   0.5 g
• micronised attapulgite as required up to   100.0 g

EXAMPLE 12 Nail drop solution

100 g of solution contains:

• N,N'-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-nonandiamide   2.0 g
• N,N'-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-lauroylamide   1.0 g
• resveratrol glucoside   2.0 g
• phytosphingosine   1.0 g
• isopropyl alcohol   80.0 g
• acetone   2.0 g
• undecylenic acid   0.2 g
• vitamin A palmitate   0.5 g
• urea   3.0 g
• deionised water   as required up to    100.0 g

Claims (7)

1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more of the N-acylethanolamine derivatives selected from N-palmitoylethanolamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-lauroylamide, N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)nonandiamide, N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-dodecendiamide, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-lauroylamide and one or more of the hydroxystilbenes selected from resveratrol and the glycosides of resveratrol.
2. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the resveratrol or glycosides of resveratrol are trans isomers and cis isomers.
3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said one or more N-acylethanolamine are included in quantities ranging from 0.0001 mg/Kg/day to 20 mg/Kg/day, preferably from 0.05 mg/Kg/day to 10 mg/Kg/day, and said one or more hydroxystilbenes are included in quantities ranging from 0.005 mg/Kg/day to 10 mg/Kg/day.
4. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising the composition according to claims 1 to 3 together with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
5. The formulation according to claim 4 for oral, buccal, parenteral, rectal, transdermal, topical application onto skin and mucosa, for inhalation or insufflation.
6. The composition according to claims 1 to 3 for use as a medicament.
7. Use of the composition according to claims 1 to 3 for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of diseases caused, sustained and/or characterised by the abnormal general response of the immune system in humans and animals, wherein said diseases are caused by exogenous antigenic stimulii, preferably: allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, allergic alveolitis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, conjunctivitis, anaphylaxis; diseases caused by endogenous antigenic stimulii (autoimmune diseases), preferably multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, bullous pemphigus, urticaria pigmentosa, systemic scleroderma, uveitis, cicatricial ocular pemphigus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis; diseases characterised and/or sustained by neuro-immunogenic inflammation, preferably interstitial cystitis in humans and in cats, prostatitis, arthrosis in humans and in dogs, numerous autonomic and somatic neuropathies, vulvovaginitis, viral infections of the vagina and uterine neck, vulvar vestibolitis, oral mucositis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, geriatric dermatitis, solar radiation or radiotherapy induced dermatitis.