HU191267B - Method and water-blanket for heat controlling green-houses - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for heating hothouses with a heat source, heat exchangers and pipes interconnecting these. The further development according to the invention consists in that the heat exchanger (5) is placed on the hothouse surface and one delimiting surface of the heat exchanger (5) is in contact with the hothouse surface and another delimiting surface is in contact with the ambient air. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a process for a film tent, a film tunnel, a greenhouse, etc. - hereinafter referred to as 'the heating regulation, heating or cooling of greenhouses', and a water blanket for carrying out the process.

It is known that greenhouse vegetables, ornamental plants, etc. the efficiency of cultivation is largely determined by the heating system and the energy source used. Of the greenhouse heating methods used today, general air heating is the most widely used method. The desired temperature is provided by duct registers, radiators, stoves or hot air blowers. In case of radiant heating, the heating pipes are placed close to the ceiling and part of the heat energy is radiated to the vegetation.

In the case of vegetative heating, the heater is located in the vegetation zone, between the plants. Most of the heat released is transmitted to the vegetation by radiation and conduction. A favorable heat curtain is formed in the plant environment.

Greenhouse heating by itself is rarely used, but rather in combination with some other heating method. In this steel or plastic pipes laid in the soil, water flows at a temperature of 40 to 60 ° C, which transfers the heat energy directly to the soil.

However, these known methods have several disadvantages. For general air space heating and radiant heating, the air space must be overheated to allow vegetation and soil to reach the desired temperature. As a result, a strong condensation occurs on the inside surface of the greenhouse, which shades and, at the same time, dripping water increases the spread of fungal pests. In addition, the heat loss through the walls of the greenhouse increases.

In the known methods, the heat capacity of the system is low, which is a factor of uncertainty in cultivation. Vegetation heating no longer has a significant heat loss, but this system also has a low heat capacity, beak registers have to be expensive and in crops requiring higher soil temperatures must be combined with soil heating. Finally, it requires significant material and maintenance.

With regard to energy sources, it can be stated that the use of thermal and solar energy is economical when its investment needs are low and it can be safely solved. However, systems known to date are expensive, material-intensive, and not sufficiently secure to operate. The use of thermal energy is severely constrained by high investment and maintenance needs due to salt shedding and aggressive water corrosion.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome the drawbacks of known heating methods, which can be applied to any greenhouse and in addition allow the rational use of thermal and solar energy.

The present invention is based on the discovery that when a heat storage device is provided on the floor of a greenhouse, by placing a heat carrier having a better heat capacity than the soil, significant heat equalization of both the soil and the air is achieved. Such a heat reservoir is a water-filled plastic duvet which, depending on the purpose to be achieved, can be connected to a hot or cold water provider or a light absorber or a water absorbent. with a light-transmitting top layer for cooling by solar energy or a reflective layer. The hydrocarbon is provided with openings through the planting site of the plants. The water supplier can be mains water, thermal water or water. waste industrial water utilizing thermal energy.

The essence of the process according to the invention is therefore to lay a water quilting material, preferably plastic, on the soil in which the temperature of the water filling is controlled. The water quilt is provided with openings through the planting site of the plants. The temperature of the water fill is controlled by connecting the inlet opening of the water quilt to a cold or hot water supply, outlet outlet to a drain, if necessary, or by heating the water space on the upper, dark absorptive layer of the water quilt. solar radiation transmitted through its translucent transparent layer.

Soil and soil. to produce different air temperatures, two or more water drapes are placed on top of each other and the hot water is led to one of the upper water duvets. this is what we produce. The hot water can also be produced by making the water curtain electrically conductive and heating it with electricity. The bottom layer of the quilt is snow-insulated as needed.

The water blanket according to the invention consists of two layers of variable material, preferably plastic. The water quilt has openings, preferably in a regular arrangement. The two layers are connected by a side seam welded to the casing and by circumferential welding around the openings. There is water filling between the layers. The water blanket has an inlet and an outlet for circulating the water fill. The top layer of the cooling water quilt has a light reflective surface.

The upper layer of the solar water quilt has a dark opaque or translucent transparent layer. The lower and upper layers are joined to the longitudinal welds and to the inner welding patches, with openings as needed. The water quilt may consist of two or more superposed water quilts which may be attached to each other. The water quilt can be made of electrically conductive material. The bottom layer of the water duvet is thermally insulated if necessary.

An exemplary embodiment of the process of the invention is described in connection with the use of a water quilt. In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a plan view of a thermoregulatory system consisting of water quilts, Fig. 2 is a plan view of a water quilt connected to a water supply network, Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section, Fig. 4 is a larger detail of the former; Figure 6 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of the solar water quilt.

The water 2 from the hot water supply 1 is pressed by the pump 2 through the pressure pipe 3 and the distribution pipe 4 into the water quilt 5 (Fig. 1). The water duvets 5 are connected to the manifold network 7 via the flow regulators 6, through which the water can be fed into the manifold 8 and from there through the three-way tap 9 into the open water or through the return pipe 10 to the hot water supply. The 4 distribution pipelines and

191 267 the manifold 7 is in the soil of the greenhouse 11, the water quilts 5 are on the soil.

The water quilt 5 (Figures 2 and 3) is made of a deformable material, preferably a soft plastic material. The lower and upper plastic layers are welded to one another along the edges and on the other hand with the circular welds 12. Circular welds 12 surround the through openings 13, which leave the planting sites of plants in a regular arrangement. The outlet nozzles 14 formed at the ends of the water quilt 5 are connected to the collecting pipe 7 via the outlet regulator 6. The width of the water quilts 5 is generally 60-130 cm depending on the width of the beds.

When used as a solar collector, a dark colored light absorber 15 or a water quilt 17 made with a UV-stabilized transparent top layer 16 is connected to the cold water line 18 and the hot water line 19. The upper and lower plastic layers are welded together at their edges and at the welding stages 20. The openings 13 can be cut into the welding spots 20. 5 and 5 respectively. The bottom layer of the water blanket 17 may be heat insulating 21 made of soft polyurethane foam in the case of too hot heating water.

When the water quilt 17 is used for cooling purposes, the upper layer is provided with a light colored reflective surface.

For heating the greenhouse 11, water at a temperature of 20-50 ° C is introduced from the hot water supply 1 into the quilt 5, in which the water pressure is regulated to a pressure of up to 2 kPa by the flow regulator 6. The surface of the water quilt 5 is twice the growing surface and temperature of the immediate plant environment; Its heat storage capacity allows the storage of 1000 - 6000 kJ of heat energy per square meter of production area.

The hot water supply I is a non-pressurized insulated tank whose water is heated by a heat exchanger depending on the heat source or which is supplied with thermal water or water. serves only as a temporary storage tank when using industrial hot water. Due to the need for low water pressure, the pump 2 may optionally provide gravitational water supply! It is replaced with.

The amount of heat transferred to the soil by the water quilt 5; and their proportion by changing the water filling of the water quilt, respectively. can be controlled by wetting the soil. The water quilt 51 is in contact with the ground at 20 to 25 liters / m ^{2 of} water, while at 40 to 45 liters / m ² the surface of the quilt is reduced and the surface in contact with air is increased, i

Temperature control can also be achieved by changing the temperature and volume of the water and by continuous or intermittent flow of water.

The 17 water screens used as a solar collector are operated as an open system because the allowable water pressure is up to 4 kPa. Therefore, the water cover 17 is positioned so that the hot water conduit 19 is not more than 400 mm above the level of the cold water conduit 18. The water barrier must only be used in the cold water pipe 18.

The humidification of the air space of the greenhouse 11 and the preheating of the irrigation water is effected by means of irrigation water or nutrient solution applied to the surface of the quilt 5.

Soil or soil. to control the amount of heat transferred to the air - especially when the hot water temperature is too high, eg. Exceeding 50 ° C - Provides two or more superimposed 5 and 5, respectively, superimposed, by welding, adhesive or other means. 17 Applying a water quilt. For example, by stacking two duvets 5 and passing hot water through the upper duvet only the lower duvet 5 receives heat, while the desirable higher air temperature is provided by the warmer upper duvet. This eliminates the need to use a heat exchanger that is otherwise required to produce water that is below the temperature of the hot water.

Similarly, dual quilt heating consisting of a lower water quilt 5 and an upper water quilt 17 as a solar collector can be assembled.

For balconies, indoor gardens and hobby greenhouses, the 5 water quilts can be made of electrically conductive plastic and the water fill can be heated with electricity.

The main advantages of the method according to the invention can be summarized in that it can be implemented with any heat supply system. Refrigerator, respectively. in energy storage mode, 5 or The abstracted heat energy from the water quilt 17 can be stored in the hot water provider 1 and the excess energy can be transferred to its water space by means of a built-in heat exchanger. The method utilizes heat energy in a very rational way because it only provides the necessary amount of heat to the vegetation. As a result, there is no significant loss of energy, internal moisture condensation is reduced, and vegetation can be kept dry. Ultimately, 20-40% energy savings can be achieved compared to conventional systems.

Another advantage is that with sufficient solar radiation, the system can be operated as a solar collector with the plant cover not yet closed. Covering produces weed-free vegetation. The water quilt is the only safe solution for the use of high-salt, aggressive thermal and industrial waters. However, the vulnerability of the quilt requires careful handling.

Claims (15)

Claims A method for controlling the temperature of greenhouses, comprising laying on a surface planted with a plant a water quilt made of deformable material, preferably plastic, provided with openings through the planting sites of the plants, wherein the temperature of the water filling is controlled. (Priority: January 18, 1984) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet opening of the water blanket of the quilt is connected, if necessary, to a cold or hot water supply, the outlet opening to a drain. (Priority: January 18, 1984) Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the water quilt is used to provide the soil and / or soil. the amount of heat transferred to the air, or regulating their proportion by changing the water fill of the quilt. (Priority: January 18, 1984) 191,267 Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heating of the water space of the quilt is carried out with solar energy absorbed on the upper dark absorbing layer. (Priority: January 18, 1984) Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heating of the water space of the quilt is carried out by solar radiation transmitted on its upper transparent layer. (Priority: January 18, 1984) ' Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the upper layer of the water mat is provided with a reflective light surface. (Priority: January 18, 1984) Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that two or more water sheets are superimposed and the hot water is supplied to one of the upper water sheets. this is what we produce. (Priority: January 17, 1986) Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the water space of the quilt made of electrically conductive material is electrically heated. (Priority: January 17, 1986) 9. Water quilt in accordance with Figures 1-8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the water quilt (5) consists of two layers of deformable material, preferably of plastic, with apertures (13), preferably in a regular arrangement, with two longitudinal seams and circumferential welding (13). 12) is connected and there is water filling between the two layers. (Priority: January 18, 1984) The water quilt according to claim 9, characterized in that it has a water inlet and a water outlet. (Priority: January 18, 1984) 5 Water quilt according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that its upper layer has a light reflecting light surface. 10 (Priority 18/01/1984) 12. A 9-11. Water quilt according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the upper layer of the water quilt (17) is a dark absorbing layer (15) or a light transmitting layer. The transparent layer (16) and the upper and lower layers (1) are joined by outer longitudinal seams and inner welding patches (20), with openings (13) as needed. 20 (Priority 18/01/1984) Water quilt according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that it consists of two or more superposed water quilts (5, 17) which are 25 are fixed to each other. (Priority: January 17, 1986) 14. A 9-13. Water quilt according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the water quilt (5) is formed by a deformable material, preferably electrically conductive plastic material, made of fork ³⁰ . »(Priority: January 17, 1986) 35. . Water quilt according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that its lower layer is heat insulating (21). (Priority: January 18, 1984)