ITMI20110227A1 - COMPOSITE LAMINATE IN PARTICULAR FOR NAUTICAL APPLICATIONS AND RELATIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS - Google Patents
COMPOSITE LAMINATE IN PARTICULAR FOR NAUTICAL APPLICATIONS AND RELATIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ITMI20110227A1 ITMI20110227A1 IT000227A ITMI20110227A ITMI20110227A1 IT MI20110227 A1 ITMI20110227 A1 IT MI20110227A1 IT 000227 A IT000227 A IT 000227A IT MI20110227 A ITMI20110227 A IT MI20110227A IT MI20110227 A1 ITMI20110227 A1 IT MI20110227A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- resins
- laminate according
- weight
- fabric
- finished product
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000853 cresyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C(C=C1)C)* 0.000 claims description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000036561 sun exposure Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000158728 Meliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000002871 Tectona grandis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019600 saltiness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/42—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising condensation resins of aldehydes, e.g. with phenols, ureas or melamines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/04—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as impregnant, bonding, or embedding substance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/28—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
La presente invenzione riguarda un laminato composito, in particolare per applicazioni nautiche. The present invention relates to a composite laminate, in particular for nautical applications.
Laminati compositi, realizzati a partire da più strati di tessuti di fibra, per lo più fibra naturale, impregnati di resina termoindurente e fatti indurire in modo opportuno, trovano diversi campi di applicazione data la loro elevata resistenza meccanica e inalterabilità all’invecchiamento, anche in seguito ad esposizione a condizioni ambientali severe, come umidità , esposizione solare, temperature elevate e anche salsedine. Composite laminates, made from several layers of fiber fabrics, mostly natural fiber, impregnated with thermosetting resin and hardened appropriately, find different fields of application given their high mechanical resistance and inalterability to aging, even following exposure to severe environmental conditions, such as humidity, sun exposure, high temperatures and even saltiness.
I laminati possono, a seconda dello spessore, comprendere decine o centinaia di strati di tessuto sovrapposti. Gli strati vengono impregnati con la resina, miscelata ad una opportuna quantità di solvente di tipo adatto per conferire adeguate proprietà reologiche, e posti in una pressa a caldo, a temperatura in genere sui 130°C e pressioni intorno ai 150 Kgf/cm<2>. L’indurimento avviene grazie alla reazione di policondensazione ed il solvente evapora. The laminates can, depending on the thickness, comprise tens or hundreds of overlapping fabric layers. The layers are impregnated with the resin, mixed with an appropriate quantity of solvent of a suitable type to give adequate rheological properties, and placed in a hot press, at a temperature generally around 130 ° C and pressures around 150 Kgf / cm <2 >. The hardening takes place thanks to the polycondensation reaction and the solvent evaporates.
Un particolare campo di applicazione à ̈ quello nautico. Per esempio, laminati di questo tipo sono impiegati nella realizzazione di coperte di natanti, come barche o battelli, in sostituzione del legno, in particolare in sostituzione di legni pregiati, come il mogano e il teak. Infatti alla resistenza meccanica, in particolare resistenza a flessione, all’impatto, la lavorabilità , compresa la possibilità di procedere a carteggiatura o simili operazioni, lavorabilità paragonabile a quella del legno tali laminati uniscono caratteristiche che le rendono anche superiore al legno in termini di prestazioni. In particolare l’indeformabilità , tale da rendere superflue operazioni di calatafaggio e la durata, nelle condizioni severe tipiche di un ambiente marino, molto superiore al legno. Inoltre i laminati, anche grazie al tessuto, hanno una superficie non scivolosa, all’occhio ed al tatto simile al legno, che non si scalda più del legno all’esposizione al sole ed à ̈ verniciabile, anche con comuni impregnanti ad olio. A particular field of application is the nautical one. For example, laminates of this type are used in the construction of decks for boats, such as boats or boats, to replace wood, in particular to replace precious woods, such as mahogany and teak. In fact, to the mechanical resistance, in particular resistance to bending, to impact, workability, including the possibility of sanding or similar operations, workability comparable to that of wood, these laminates combine characteristics that make them even superior to wood in terms of performance. In particular, the non-deformability, such as to make caulking operations unnecessary and the duration, in the severe conditions typical of a marine environment, much superior to wood. Furthermore, the laminates, also thanks to the fabric, have a non-slippery surface, to the eye and to the touch similar to wood, which does not heat up any more than wood when exposed to the sun and can be painted, even with common oil impregnating agents. .
Infine, i laminati, che possono avere spessore variabile, sono resistenti a flessione, non necessitano di supporti particolari per l’installazione e si possono facilmente incollare con colle di comune impiego, senza necessità di preparazione o di applicazione di primer. Infine non producono schegge. Finally, the laminates, which can have variable thickness, are resistant to bending, do not require special supports for installation and can be easily glued with commonly used glues, without the need for preparation or application of primer. Finally, they do not produce splinters.
I laminati in resina a base fenolica o cresilica sono utilizzati perché possono avere un colore simile a quello dei legni più pregiati, che unito ad un aspetto della superficie simile al legno ne fanno ottimi sostituti, più economici e con prestazioni meccaniche e di resistenza superiori. Tuttavia, nonostante resistano all’esposizione solare per quanto riguarda resistenza ed indeformabilità , al pari del legno, i laminati tendono a subire alterazioni significative del colore, in particolare a scurire, nelle superfici esposte. Questo può rendere necessarie operazioni di carteggiatura o verniciatura, se si vuole ovviare a questo inconveniente. Anche l’aggiunta alla formulazione della resina dei comuni additivi anti UV, anche in forti quantità , oltre che ad aumentare il costo totale, dato il prezzo elevato di tali additivi, non permette di ottenere risultati soddisfacenti da questo punto di vista. Pertanto à ̈ desiderabile un laminato in resina a base fenolica o cresilica, avente le caratteristiche sopra esposte, e che risolva il problema della alterazione del colore in seguito ad esposizione solare. Il problema sopra esposto à ̈ ora stato risolto secondo la presente invenzione da un laminato composito termoindurente comprendente più strati di tessuto sovrapposti, per un 20-50% in peso, da 1 a 40%, preferibilmente dal 5 al 20% di una o più resine fenoliche o cresiliche o loro miscele, dal 10 al 60% di una o più resine melamminiche, preferibilmente dal 20 al 40%. Phenolic or cresyl-based resin laminates are used because they can have a color similar to that of the finest woods, which combined with a wood-like surface appearance make them excellent substitutes, cheaper and with superior mechanical and resistance performance. . However, despite being resistant to sunlight in terms of resistance and non-deformability, like wood, laminates tend to undergo significant color changes, in particular to darken, on exposed surfaces. This may make sanding or painting operations necessary if this problem is to be overcome. Even the addition of common anti UV additives to the resin formulation, even in large quantities, as well as increasing the total cost, given the high price of these additives, does not allow to obtain satisfactory results from this point of view. Therefore, a phenolic or cresyl-based resin laminate is desirable, having the characteristics described above, and which solves the problem of color alteration following sun exposure. The above problem has now been solved according to the present invention by a thermosetting composite laminate comprising several layers of superimposed fabric, for a 20-50% by weight, from 1 to 40%, preferably from 5 to 20% of one or more phenolic or cresyl resins or their mixtures, from 10 to 60% of one or more melamine resins, preferably from 20 to 40%.
Tutte le percentuali, salvo indicazione diversa, sono da intendersi in peso. All percentages, unless otherwise indicated, are by weight.
Preferibilmente il laminato comprende dal 10 all’80% di una o più resine epossidiche, più preferibilmente dal 15 al 30%. Preferably the laminate comprises from 10 to 80% of one or more epoxy resins, more preferably from 15 to 30%.
Secondo un ulteriore aspetto dell’invenzione, il laminato comprende uno o più additivi atti a conferire resistenza ai raggi UV, in percentuale dallo 0,01 allo 0,2%, in particolare un additivo del tipo con azoto eterociclico. According to a further aspect of the invention, the laminate comprises one or more additives suitable for conferring resistance to UV rays, in a percentage from 0.01 to 0.2%, in particular an additive of the type with heterocyclic nitrogen.
È stato trovato che la combinazione di resine sopra indicata conferisce al prodotto finale notevoli caratteristiche di resistenza alle alterazioni cromatiche dovute all’esposizione solare anche in presenza di piccole quantità di detti additivi, come sono quelle indicate sopra. It has been found that the combination of resins indicated above gives the final product remarkable characteristics of resistance to chromatic alterations due to sun exposure even in the presence of small quantities of said additives, such as those indicated above.
Il laminato secondo la presente invenzione può essere prodotto impregnando più strati sovrapposti di tessuto con una miscela di resine e di additivi, in quantità tali da rispettare le percentuali sopra indicate nel prodotto finito, disciolte in opportuno solvente, e sottoponendo il semilavorato ottenuto a pressatura a caldo, fino ad indurimento avvenuto. Il solvente, il tipo di tessuto, si intende che questo termine può comprendere anche tessuto non tessuto, anche se sono preferiti tessuti tessuti, in genere aventi una trama ed un ordito, possono essere del tipo usato nei laminati compositi dell’arte nota. Il solvente può, secondo una possibile forma di esecuzione, essere presente in quantità da costituire dal 10 al 30%, per esempio circa il 20%, del semilavorato impregnato, e può essere, per esempio, etanolo, acetone, metiletilchetone. The laminate according to the present invention can be produced by impregnating several superimposed layers of fabric with a mixture of resins and additives, in quantities such as to respect the percentages indicated above in the finished product, dissolved in a suitable solvent, and subjecting the semi-finished product obtained to pressing to hot, until hardening. The solvent, the type of fabric, it is understood that this term can also include non-woven fabric, even if woven fabrics are preferred, generally having a weft and a warp, they can be of the type used in the composite laminates of the known art. The solvent can, according to a possible embodiment, be present in quantities to constitute from 10 to 30%, for example about 20%, of the impregnated semi-finished product, and can be, for example, ethanol, acetone, methylethylketone.
Le resine sopra indicate, possono essere resine per impregnazione, comunemente presenti in commercio, per esempio commercializzate da Dow, SIR, Ciba o altri. The resins indicated above can be resins for impregnation, commonly present on the market, for example marketed by Dow, SIR, Ciba or others.
Gli additivi atti a conferire resistenza ai raggi UV sono di qualsiasi tipo adatto alle resine utilizzate, preferibilmente del tipo ad azoto eterociclico. The additives suitable for conferring resistance to UV rays are of any type suitable for the resins used, preferably of the heterocyclic nitrogen type.
I tessuti preferiti sono tessuti naturali, preferibilmente comprendenti fibre vegetali, per esempio canapa, juta, lino, cotone. The preferred fabrics are natural fabrics, preferably comprising vegetable fibers, for example hemp, jute, linen, cotton.
Per quanto riguarda la struttura e le modalità di realizzazione del laminato, eccetto che per la composizione di cui sopra, esse possono essere del tutto analoghe a quelle dei laminati dell’arte nota, in particolare quelli adatti ad applicazioni di tipo nautico. As regards the structure and methods of manufacturing the laminate, except for the above composition, they can be completely similar to those of the laminates of the known art, in particular those suitable for nautical applications.
È stato realizzato un laminato comprendente il 10% di una resina fenolica, il 29,95% di una resina melamminica, il 20% di una resina epossidica, il 40% di tessuto di cotone, disposto in strati sovrapposti e lo 0,05% di un additivo anti UV ad azoto eterociclico, con un processo secondo le modalità sopra indicate. A laminate was made comprising 10% of a phenolic resin, 29.95% of a melamine resin, 20% of an epoxy resin, 40% of cotton fabric, arranged in overlapping layers and 0.05% of an anti UV additive with heterocyclic nitrogen, with a process according to the methods indicated above.
Dopo prolungata esposizione a luce solare, per circa sei mesi in ambiente marino, tale da provocare un significativo scurimento dei laminati per applicazioni nautiche commercializzati da Filp SpA con la denominazione N-120 ed N-130 si à ̈ verificata una sostanziale assenza di alterazione del colore. After prolonged exposure to sunlight, for about six months in a marine environment, such as to cause a significant darkening of the laminates for nautical applications marketed by Filp SpA under the names N-120 and N-130, there was a substantial absence of alteration of the color.
Il confronto tra gli stessi laminati à ̈ anche stato fatto dopo esposizione per oltre 2000 h continuative ad un miscela di radiazioni simile a quello della naturale luce del sole, ottenuta con una lampada OSRAM ultra-vitalux 230v-E27-ES. The comparison between the same laminates was also made after exposure for over 2000 hours to a mixture of radiation similar to that of natural sunlight, obtained with an OSRAM ultra-vitalux 230v-E27-ES lamp.
Le caratteristiche meccaniche e di resistenza anche in particolari condizioni ambientali sono paragonabili a quelle di laminati per arte nota. La notevole resistenza all’alterazione del colore in seguito ad esposizione solare del laminato secondo la presente invenzione lo rendono particolarmente adatto ad applicazioni dove tale caratteristica sia vantaggiosa, come applicazioni nautiche, in particolare la costruzione delle coperte di natanti. The mechanical and resistance characteristics, even in particular environmental conditions, are comparable to those of laminates for the known art. The remarkable resistance to color alteration following sun exposure of the laminate according to the present invention makes it particularly suitable for applications where this characteristic is advantageous, such as nautical applications, in particular the construction of boat decks.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI2011A000227A IT1403939B1 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2011-02-16 | COMPOSITE LAMINATE IN PARTICULAR FOR NAUTICAL APPLICATIONS AND RELATIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI2011A000227A IT1403939B1 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2011-02-16 | COMPOSITE LAMINATE IN PARTICULAR FOR NAUTICAL APPLICATIONS AND RELATIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ITMI20110227A1 true ITMI20110227A1 (en) | 2012-08-17 |
| IT1403939B1 IT1403939B1 (en) | 2013-11-08 |
Family
ID=43976132
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI2011A000227A IT1403939B1 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2011-02-16 | COMPOSITE LAMINATE IN PARTICULAR FOR NAUTICAL APPLICATIONS AND RELATIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| IT (1) | IT1403939B1 (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070193683A1 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-23 | Halo Lsi, Inc. | Continuous pressed laminates |
-
2011
- 2011-02-16 IT ITMI2011A000227A patent/IT1403939B1/en active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070193683A1 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-23 | Halo Lsi, Inc. | Continuous pressed laminates |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1403939B1 (en) | 2013-11-08 |
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