JP2000005777A - Artificial wetlands for water treatment - Google Patents
Artificial wetlands for water treatmentInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000005777A JP2000005777A JP17238198A JP17238198A JP2000005777A JP 2000005777 A JP2000005777 A JP 2000005777A JP 17238198 A JP17238198 A JP 17238198A JP 17238198 A JP17238198 A JP 17238198A JP 2000005777 A JP2000005777 A JP 2000005777A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- soil layer
- layer
- soil
- drainage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Biological Wastes In General (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】
【課題】 汚濁水を効率良く浄化することができ、かつ
安価に造成可能な人工湿地を提供する。
【解決手段】 水生植物１２を群生させた土壌層１１
と、この土壌層１１の下面全域に敷設され一端部１３ａ
を高くした排水層１３と、これら土壌層１１及び排水層
１２の充填領域と周囲の地盤Ｇとの水の流通を規制する
と共に土壌層１１上に適当な深さの湛水領域Ｐを画成す
る遮水材１４とからなり、排水層１３の一端部１３ａ内
に埋設された集水管１５から延びる配管１６が遮水材１
４の外部へ導出されている。供給された汚濁水Ｗｄは湛
水領域Ｐに湛水深さ５〜１５ｃｍで滞留し、その間に有
機性の浮遊懸濁物等が微生物に捕食されたり分解され、
そこから土壌層１１に主に鉛直方向に浸透して行く過程
で、硝化・脱窒菌や、粘土鉱物の吸着作用により窒素や
リンが除去される
(57) [Problem] To provide an artificial wetland that can efficiently purify polluted water and can be formed at low cost. SOLUTION: A soil layer 11 in which aquatic plants 12 are colonized.
And one end 13a laid on the entire lower surface of the soil layer 11
The drainage layer 13 having an increased height and the flow of water between the filling area of the soil layer 11 and the drainage layer 12 and the surrounding ground G are regulated, and a flooded area P of an appropriate depth is defined on the soil layer 11. And a pipe 16 extending from a water collecting pipe 15 buried in one end 13a of the drainage layer 13.
4 outside. The supplied polluted water Wd stays in the flooded area P at a flooding depth of 5 to 15 cm, during which organic suspended suspensions and the like are eaten or decomposed by microorganisms,
From there, nitrogen and phosphorus are removed by the adsorption of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria and clay minerals in the process of penetrating the soil layer 11 mainly in the vertical direction.
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、有機物、窒素、リ
ン等により汚濁された生活廃水、工業廃水、河川水ある
いは湖沼水等を処理し、かつ自然生態系を創造するのに
有用な人工湿地に関する。The present invention relates to an artificial wetland useful for treating domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, river water or lake water contaminated with organic substances, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc., and creating a natural ecosystem. About.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】生活廃水等による河川や湖沼の汚濁が深
刻な地域、特に人口密度が低く下水道の未普及の地域で
は、汚濁水を小規模で低コストのオンサイト処理（排出
された汚濁水をその場で処理する方法）に近い水処理技
術が要求されている。そして、自然浄化技術の多くが、
生態系を復元するといった副次的な効果を生む点を考慮
し、本件発明者らは、従来から、有機物、窒素、リン等
により汚濁された水の浄化処理を、人工湿地を利用して
行う方法の開発に取り組んで来た。図４は、人工湿地に
よる従来の水処理方法の例を示すもので、（Ａ）は表面
流方式によるもの、（Ｂ）は浸透方式によるものであ
る。2. Description of the Related Art In areas where rivers and lakes are seriously polluted by domestic wastewater, especially in areas where population density is low and sewerage is not widespread, small-scale, low-cost on-site treatment of polluted water (discharged polluted water) (A method of treating water on the spot). And many of the natural purification technologies
In consideration of the side effect of restoring the ecosystem, the present inventors have conventionally performed purification treatment of water polluted by organic substances, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. using an artificial wetland. I've been working on developing a method. FIG. 4 shows an example of a conventional water treatment method using an artificial wetland, in which (A) is based on a surface flow method and (B) is based on a permeation method.
【０００３】このうち、図４（Ａ）に示す表面流方式に
よるものは、人工湿地１００が、ヨシ等の水生植物１０
２を群生させた土壌層１０１と、この土壌層１０１の充
填領域を周囲の地盤Ｇに対して遮水するための遮水シー
トあるいは粘性土等の遮水材１０４とによって構成され
る。有機物等の浮遊懸濁物や可溶性汚濁物を含有する汚
濁水Ｗｄは、この人工湿地１００の上流側から前記土壌
層１０１上に供給され、湛水深さ５〜１５ｃｍで土壌層
１０１の表面上を滞留している間に、有機性の浮遊懸濁
物が動物プランクトンや底生生物に捕食されたり沈殿す
ることによって除去され、可溶性汚濁物が水中に没した
水生植物１０２の茎表面や土壌表面に棲息する微生物に
よって分解され、窒素やリンが水生植物１０２に養分と
して吸収され、これらの浄化作用により清水Ｗｃとなっ
て当該人工湿地１００の下流側へ溢出される。Among them, the surface flow method shown in FIG. 4A uses an artificial wetland 100 in which aquatic plants 10 such as reeds are used.
The soil layer 101 is made up of two soils, and a water blocking sheet 104 or a water blocking material 104 such as a viscous soil for blocking the filling area of the soil layer 101 from the surrounding ground G. Pollutant water Wd containing suspended solids such as organic matter and soluble pollutants is supplied onto the soil layer 101 from the upstream side of the constructed wetland 100, and flows over the surface of the soil layer 101 at a depth of 5 to 15 cm. During the stay, organic suspended suspensions are removed by predation and sedimentation by zooplankton and benthic organisms, and soluble pollutants are removed from the stem surface and soil surface of the aquatic plant 102 submerged. It is decomposed by living microorganisms, and nitrogen and phosphorus are absorbed as nutrients by the aquatic plants 102, and as a result of these purification actions, the water becomes fresh water Wc and overflows to the downstream side of the artificial wetland 100.
【０００４】また、図４（Ｂ）に示す浸透方式によるも
のは、人工湿地１００が、ヨシ等の水生植物１０２が群
生された土壌層１０１と、その上流側の端部に充填され
た砕石等からなる排水層１０３Ａと、前記土壌層１０１
の下流側の端部に埋設された砕石等からなる排水層１０
３Ｂと、これら土壌層１０１及び排水層１０３Ａ，１０
３Ｂの充填領域を周囲の地盤Ｇに対して遮水するための
遮水シートあるいは粘性土等の遮水材１０４と、前記下
流側の排水層１０３Ｂから外部へ導出された集水管１０
５によって構成される。汚濁水Ｗｄは、上述の表面流式
と同様、土壌層１０１Ａの表面を滞留している間にプラ
ンクトン等による浄化作用を受けるほか、土壌層１０１
Ａの表面及び上流側排水層１０３Ａから土壌層１０１Ａ
内を下流側排水層１０３Ｂへ向けて略水平方向に浸透し
ていく過程で、土中の硝化菌による硝化及び脱窒菌によ
る脱窒作用等を受けて窒素が除去され、粘土鉱物による
リンの吸着が行われ、これらの浄化作用により清水Ｗｃ
となって下流側排水層１０３Ｂで集水管１０５へ集水さ
れ排出される。In the case of the infiltration method shown in FIG. 4B, an artificial wetland 100 is composed of a soil layer 101 on which aquatic plants 102 such as reeds are grown, and a crushed stone or the like filled at an upstream end thereof. A drainage layer 103A made of
Drainage layer 10 made of crushed stones, etc. buried at the downstream end of
3B, the soil layer 101 and the drainage layers 103A,
A water-blocking material 104 such as a water-blocking sheet or viscous soil for blocking the filling area of 3B from the surrounding ground G, and a water collecting pipe 10 led out from the downstream drainage layer 103B to the outside.
5. The polluted water Wd receives a purification action by plankton or the like while staying on the surface of the soil layer 101A, similarly to the above-mentioned surface flow method,
A from the surface and upstream drainage layer 103A to soil layer 101A
Nitrogen is removed by nitrification by nitrifying bacteria in the soil and denitrification by denitrifying bacteria in the process of substantially infiltrating the inside toward the downstream drainage layer 103B and adsorbing phosphorus by clay minerals Is carried out, and the clean water Wc
As a result, water is collected by the downstream drainage layer 103B into the water collection pipe 105 and discharged.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記従来技術において
は、それぞれ次のような問題が指摘される。すなわち図
４（Ａ）に示す表面流方式によるものは、比較的低濃度
の汚濁水を大量に処理する場合に利用されるが、単位面
積当たりの汚濁負荷の除去率が小さい。また、図４
（Ｂ）に示す水平浸透方式によるものは、比較的高濃度
の汚濁水を少量処理する場合に利用されるが、土壌層１
０１中での水流がほぼ水平方向であるため、土壌層１０
１の層厚を厚くしないと処理面積を大きくできない（一
般には６０ｃｍ以上の層厚が必要とされる）。このた
め、例えば人工湿地１００を多段に造成して水処理を行
う場合に各人工湿地間の高低差が大きくなるので、その
造成コストが高くなってしまう。しかもある程度の処理
流量を確保するには土壌材にかなり透水性の良い材料を
使用しなければならない。The following problems are pointed out in the above prior arts. That is, the surface flow method shown in FIG. 4A is used when a large amount of relatively low-concentration polluted water is treated, but the pollutant load removal rate per unit area is small. FIG.
The method using the horizontal infiltration method shown in (B) is used when a relatively high concentration of polluted water is treated in a small amount.
01 is almost horizontal, the soil layer 10
The processing area cannot be increased unless the thickness of the layer 1 is increased (generally, a layer thickness of 60 cm or more is required). For this reason, for example, when the artificial wetland 100 is formed in multiple stages and water treatment is performed, a height difference between the artificial wetlands becomes large, and the formation cost is increased. In addition, in order to secure a certain treatment flow rate, it is necessary to use a material having considerably high water permeability as the soil material.
【０００６】本発明は、上記のような事情のもとになさ
れたもので、その技術的課題とするところは、汚濁水を
効率良く浄化することができ、かつ安価に造成可能な人
工湿地を提供することにある。The present invention has been made under the above circumstances, and a technical problem thereof is to provide an artificial wetland that can efficiently purify polluted water and can be formed at low cost. To provide.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】上述した技術的課題は、
本発明によって有効に解決することができる。すなわち
本発明に係る水処理用人工湿地は、水生植物が群生され
上面に汚濁水が供給される土壌層と、この土壌層の下側
に敷設され集水管が埋設された排水層と、前記土壌層及
び排水層と周囲の地盤との水の流通を規制すると共に前
記土壌層上に適当な深さの湛水領域を画成する遮水材と
からなり、前記湛水領域から排水層へ向けて前記土壌層
に汚濁水を鉛直方向及び水平方向に浸透させ前記排水層
で集水して前記遮水材の外側へ排出するものである。Means for Solving the Problems The technical problems described above are:
This can be effectively solved by the present invention. That is, the artificial wetland for water treatment according to the present invention comprises a soil layer in which aquatic plants are grown and polluted water is supplied to the upper surface, a drainage layer laid under the soil layer and a water collecting pipe is buried, and And a water-impervious material that regulates the flow of water between the layer and the drainage layer and the surrounding ground and defines a flooded area of an appropriate depth on the soil layer. Then, the contaminated water permeates the soil layer in the vertical and horizontal directions, collects water in the drainage layer, and discharges the water out of the water barrier.
【０００８】本発明に係る人工湿地の土壌層表面に供給
された汚濁水は、前記土壌層の表面上に湛水されて滞留
している間に、有機性の浮遊懸濁物が動物プランクトン
や底生生物に捕食されたり沈殿することによって除去さ
れ、可溶性汚濁物が水中に没した水生植物の茎表面や土
壌表面に棲息する微生物によって分解され、窒素やリン
が水生植物に養分として吸収される。また、土壌層をそ
の表面から排水層へ向けて主に鉛直方向に浸透していく
過程で、土中の硝化菌による硝化及び脱窒菌による脱窒
作用等を受けて窒素が除去され、粘土鉱物によるリンの
吸着が行われる。そしてこれらの作用により浄化された
水は、排水層で集水され排出される。[0008] The polluted water supplied to the surface of the soil layer of the constructed wetland according to the present invention is flooded on the surface of the soil layer and stays there, while the organic suspended solid is suspended in zooplankton or zooplankton. It is removed by predation and sedimentation by benthic organisms, and soluble pollutants are decomposed by microorganisms living on the stem surface and soil surface of aquatic plants submerged in water, and nitrogen and phosphorus are absorbed as nutrients by aquatic plants. . In the process of penetrating the soil layer from the surface to the drainage layer mainly in the vertical direction, nitrogen is removed by nitrification by nitrifying bacteria in the soil and denitrification by denitrifying bacteria, and clay minerals are removed. Adsorption of phosphorus is performed. The water purified by these actions is collected and discharged in the drainage layer.
【０００９】本発明によれば、土壌浸透水は主に鉛直浸
透流となり、しかも排水層の敷設形状によって水平方向
の浸透流も生じさせるため、同規模の人工湿地であって
も、従来の表面流方式や水平浸透流方式のものに比較し
て単位面積当たりの水処理量を増大することができる。
また、鉛直浸透流となることによって、排水層までの土
壌中の浸透距離を水平浸透流方式のものに比較して短く
でき、しかもこのため土壌層には透水性の低い土壌材料
を使用することができる。According to the present invention, soil infiltration water is mainly vertical infiltration flow, and horizontal infiltration flow is also generated depending on the laying configuration of the drainage layer. The amount of water treatment per unit area can be increased as compared with the flow system or the horizontal permeation flow system.
In addition, the vertical permeation flow allows the permeation distance in the soil to the drainage layer to be shorter than that of the horizontal permeation flow method, and therefore, a soil material with low water permeability should be used for the soil layer. Can be.
【００１０】本発明において付加される一層好ましい構
成においては、排水層は、湛水領域に供給された水が土
壌層中で鉛直方向及び水平方向への浸透流を生じるよう
に、高さが部分的に高く形成される。このようにすれ
ば、浸透流が鉛直方向のほか水平方向の成分も含むこと
によって単位面積当たりの水処理量を更に増大できる。[0010] In a further preferred configuration added in the present invention, the drainage layer has a partial height so that the water supplied to the flooded area causes a vertical and horizontal permeation flow in the soil layer. It is formed high. With this configuration, the amount of water treatment per unit area can be further increased by including the components in the vertical direction as well as the horizontal direction.
【００１１】本発明において付加される一層好ましい他
の構成においては、土壌層の平均層厚を６０ｃｍ未満と
する。これは、本発明の人工湿地では、土壌層を６０ｃ
ｍ未満の層厚としても、６０ｃｍ以上の層厚の土壌層が
必要とされていた従来の人工湿地と同程度の窒素除去能
力及び水生植物の生育環境が得られるからである。[0011] In another preferred configuration added in the present invention, the average thickness of the soil layer is less than 60 cm. This means that in the constructed wetland of the present invention, the soil layer
This is because even if the layer thickness is less than m, the same nitrogen removal capacity and aquatic plant growth environment can be obtained as in a conventional constructed wetland that required a soil layer having a layer thickness of 60 cm or more.
【００１２】本発明において付加される一層好ましい他
の構成においては、土壌層の底面及び排水層が集水側へ
向けて低くなるように勾配が与えられる。このようにす
ることによって、集水側とその反対側との水頭差が大き
くなり、土壌層中での浸透流における水平方向の成分を
一層顕著に生じさせることができる。In a further preferred configuration added in the present invention, a gradient is provided so that the bottom surface of the soil layer and the drainage layer are lowered toward the catchment side. By doing so, the head difference between the water collecting side and the opposite side becomes large, and the horizontal component in the seepage flow in the soil layer can be more remarkably generated.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の実施の形態】図１は、本発明に係る水処理用人
工湿地１０の好適な一実施形態を概略的に示すものであ
る。すなわちこの人工湿地１０は、水生植物１２を群生
させた土壌層１１と、この土壌層１１の下面全域に敷設
され一端部１３ａを高く形成した排水層１３と、これら
土壌層１１及び排水層１２の充填領域と周囲の地盤Ｇと
の水の流通を規制すると共に土壌層１１上に適当な深さ
の湛水領域Ｐを画成する遮水材１４とからなり、前記排
水層１３の一端部１３ａ内に埋設された集水管１５から
延びる配管１６が前記遮水材１４の外部へ導出されてい
る。FIG. 1 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of an artificial wetland 10 for water treatment according to the present invention. That is, this constructed wetland 10 includes a soil layer 11 in which aquatic plants 12 are grown, a drainage layer 13 laid on the entire lower surface of the soil layer 11 and having one end 13a formed high, and a soil layer 11 and a drainage layer One end portion 13a of the drainage layer 13 includes a water-blocking material 14 that regulates the flow of water between the filling region and the surrounding ground G and defines a flooded region P of an appropriate depth on the soil layer 11. A pipe 16 extending from a water collecting pipe 15 buried therein is led out of the water barrier material 14.
【００１４】人工湿地１０の造成においては、まず地盤
Ｇを所要の面積（例えば１００ｍ２）及び所要の深さ
（例えば平均６０ｃｍ程度）で湿地造成領域を掘削す
る。この場合、掘削部の底面に僅かな勾配（例えば２％
程度）を与え、すなわち下流側となる図中右側の端部に
向かって掘削深さが徐々に深くなるようにする。In the formation of the artificial wetland 10, first, the ground G is excavated at a required area (for example, 100 m 2 ) and a required depth (for example, about 60 cm on average). In this case, a slight gradient (for example, 2%
Degree), that is, the excavation depth gradually increases toward the right end in the figure, which is the downstream side.
【００１５】地盤Ｇの掘削終了後は、その掘削面全体を
遮水シートあるいは透水性の著しく低い粘性土等からな
る遮水材１４で覆い、その底部全域に例えば砕石あるい
は礫を１０ｃｍ程度の層厚で敷設して排水層１３を形成
する。この排水層１３は、底面勾配の低位側（下流側）
で鉛直方向に高く形成する。集水管１５は多数の小孔１
５ａが開設された多孔管からなるもので、前記排水層１
３の高く形成された端部１３ａに埋設し、この集水管１
５からＴ字形をなすように延びる配管１６を前記遮水材
１４を貫通して下流側（図中右側）へ導出させる。After the excavation of the ground G is completed, the entire excavated surface is covered with a water-impervious sheet or a water-impervious material 14 made of viscous soil having extremely low water permeability. The drainage layer 13 is formed by laying with a thickness. This drainage layer 13 is located on the lower side (downstream side) of the bottom slope.
To be formed vertically high. The collecting pipe 15 has many small holes 1
5a is a porous tube having an opened drainage layer
3 and buried in the raised end 13a,
A pipe 16 extending in a T-shape from 5 penetrates the water-blocking material 14 and is led to the downstream side (right side in the figure).
【００１６】排水層１３の上には、例えば腐葉土と砂と
を適当な比率で混合した土壌材料を充填して土壌層１１
を形成し、水生植物１２の植栽を施する。土壌層の平均
層厚は３０ｃｍ程度とし、その上面は略水平に形成す
る。水生植物１２としては、例えば深く根を張り良く水
を通すヨシなどが好適に植生される。また、遮水材１４
で遮水された湿地造成領域の掘削深さは排水層１１の層
厚と土壌層１２の層厚との和よりも大きいため、土壌層
１２の上には周囲を前記遮水材１１で囲まれた湛水領域
Ｐが形成され、適当な湛水深さ（例えば５〜１５ｃｍ）
で水が滞留されるようになっている。The drainage layer 13 is filled with a soil material in which humus and sand are mixed at an appropriate ratio, for example.
Is formed, and the aquatic plant 12 is planted. The average thickness of the soil layer is about 30 cm, and the upper surface is formed substantially horizontally. As the aquatic plants 12, for example, reeds that have deep roots and allow good water to pass through are preferably vegetated. In addition, the waterproof material 14
Since the excavation depth of the wetland formation area blocked by the water is larger than the sum of the thickness of the drainage layer 11 and the thickness of the soil layer 12, the surrounding area of the soil layer 12 is surrounded by the water-blocking material 11. A flooded area P is formed, and an appropriate flooding depth (for example, 5 to 15 cm)
The water is stagnated in the.
【００１７】有機物等の浮遊懸濁物や可溶性汚濁物を含
有する生活廃水等の汚濁水Ｗｄは、給水用の配管１７に
よって人工湿地１０の湛水領域Ｐに供給される。汚濁水
Ｗｄは、その供給量と土壌層１１の透水性との関係にお
いて前記湛水領域Ｐに湛水深さ５〜１５ｃｍで湛水さ
れ、その間に、アオコなど有機性の浮遊懸濁物が動物プ
ランクトンや底生生物に捕食されたり沈殿し、可溶性汚
濁物が水中に没した水生植物１２の茎表面や土壌表面に
棲息する微生物によって分解される。The polluted water Wd such as domestic wastewater containing suspended solids such as organic matter and soluble pollutants is supplied to the flooded area P of the constructed wetland 10 by a water supply pipe 17. The polluted water Wd is impregnated in the impregnated area P at a depth of 5 to 15 cm in relation to the supply amount and the water permeability of the soil layer 11, during which an organic floating suspension such as a blue cocoon is used. It is eaten and sedimented by plankton and benthic organisms, and soluble pollutants are decomposed by microorganisms living on the stem surface and soil surface of the aquatic plant 12 submerged in water.
【００１８】また、湛水領域Ｐに滞留している水は土壌
層１１に徐々に浸透して行き、その浸透過程で、窒素や
リンの一部が養分として水生植物１２に吸収され、更に
土中の硝化菌による硝化及び脱窒菌による脱窒作用や、
粘土鉱物の吸着作用によって、富栄養化の要因である窒
素やリンが除去される。これらの浄化作用を受けながら
排水層１３に達した水Ｗは、集水管１５から配管１６を
介して排出される。Further, the water staying in the flooded area P gradually penetrates into the soil layer 11, and during the permeation process, part of nitrogen and phosphorus is absorbed as nutrients by the aquatic plant 12, and furthermore, Nitrification by nitrifying bacteria in the and denitrification by denitrifying bacteria,
Nitrogen and phosphorus, which are factors of eutrophication, are removed by the adsorption action of clay minerals. The water W that has reached the drainage layer 13 while receiving these purification actions is discharged from the water collecting pipe 15 via the pipe 16.
【００１９】この人工湿地１０内では小生態系による食
物連鎖が成立しており、すなわち例えば有機性の汚濁物
を捕食あるいは分解する土壌表面や土壌中の微生物は原
生動物に捕食され、この原生動物は水中に棲息する昆虫
の幼虫などに捕食され、更にこれらがカエルなどの小動
物あるいは小鳥に捕食される。そしてこのような連鎖に
よって、汚濁物質の再生産物が湿地生態系の外部へ運び
出されることになり、汚泥等の蓄積が少ない。しかも水
生植物１２の繁茂によって湛水領域Ｐは日陰となってい
てアオコなど藻類の増殖が抑えられる。このため土壌層
１１の目詰まりが起こりにくい。In the constructed wetland 10, a food chain based on a small ecosystem is established, that is, for example, microorganisms in the soil surface or soil that prey or decompose organic pollutants are preyed by protozoa, Are preyed by larvae of insects living in the water, and they are also preyed by small animals such as frogs or small birds. By such a chain, the regenerated products of pollutants are carried out of the wetland ecosystem, and the accumulation of sludge and the like is small. Moreover, the flooded area P is shaded by the overgrowth of the aquatic plants 12, so that the growth of algae such as blue-green algae can be suppressed. Therefore, clogging of the soil layer 11 hardly occurs.
【００２０】土壌層１１内の浸透流は、排水層１３がこ
の土壌層１１の下側全域に分布しているので主に鉛直方
向に生じるが、前記排水層１３の下流側の端部１３ａが
高く形成されていること、及び土壌層１１の底面に勾配
が与えられていることによって、水平方向の流れの成分
も生じており、すなわち鉛直流と水平流との複合流とな
る。このため単位面積当たりの水処理量が大きくなり、
土壌層１１には透水係数の低い材料を使用することがで
きる。The seepage flow in the soil layer 11 mainly occurs in the vertical direction because the drainage layer 13 is distributed over the entire area below the soil layer 11, but the downstream end 13a of the drainage layer 13 Due to the high height and the inclination of the bottom surface of the soil layer 11, a horizontal flow component is also generated, that is, a combined flow of vertical flow and horizontal flow. This increases the amount of water treatment per unit area,
For the soil layer 11, a material having a low coefficient of water permeability can be used.
【００２１】また、先に説明した図４（Ｂ）に示す従来
の水平浸透流方式では、雑草の発生による水生植物（ヨ
シ）の成育阻害を抑制する等の目的で湛水させる場合、
下流側の排水層１０３Ｂの近傍で土壌層１０１の表層か
らの浸透が著しく多くなるが、上記実施形態の構成によ
れば、排水層１３が土壌層１１の下側全域に敷設されて
いるので、土壌層１１の全域で浸透流量を均一化し、処
理効率を向上させることができる。その結果従来の水平
浸透方式による人工湿地では６０ｃｍ以上必要であると
されていた土壌層１１の層厚を３０ｃｍ程度にしても、
後述する実施例で詳述するように、充分な水処理能力を
得ることができる。したがって図２に示すように人工湿
地１０を多段に造成する場合、各人工湿地１０の高低差
ｈが小さくなり、造成高さが小さくなって、造成コスト
を低減することができる。In the conventional horizontal infiltration method shown in FIG. 4 (B) described above, when water is flooded for the purpose of suppressing the growth inhibition of aquatic plants (reed) due to the occurrence of weeds,
Although the permeation from the surface layer of the soil layer 101 significantly increases near the downstream drainage layer 103B, according to the configuration of the above embodiment, since the drainage layer 13 is laid all over the lower side of the soil layer 11, The permeation flow rate can be made uniform throughout the soil layer 11 and the treatment efficiency can be improved. As a result, even if the layer thickness of the soil layer 11 which is considered to be required to be 60 cm or more in the constructed wetland by the conventional horizontal infiltration method is about 30 cm,
As will be described in detail in Examples described later, sufficient water treatment capacity can be obtained. Therefore, when the artificial wetlands 10 are formed in multiple stages as shown in FIG. 2, the height difference h of each of the artificial wetlands 10 is reduced, the formation height is reduced, and the formation cost can be reduced.
【００２２】土壌層１１内での浸透流を鉛直流と水平流
の複合流とするには、上記実施形態のほか、例えば図３
に第二の実施形態を示すように、集水管１５をその両端
が底面勾配の高位側（上流側）の端部近傍まで延びる形
状とし、排水層１３を、この集水管１５の周囲にのみ敷
設した構成としても良い。すなわちこのようにすること
によって、当該人工湿地１０底部付近では土壌層１１と
排水層１３とが水平方向に分布するので、鉛直流のほ
か、図中矢印で示すような水平流が惹起されることにな
る。In order to make the infiltration flow in the soil layer 11 a composite flow of vertical flow and horizontal flow, besides the above embodiment, for example, FIG.
As shown in the second embodiment, the water collecting pipe 15 is formed so that both ends thereof extend to near the end on the higher side (upstream side) of the bottom surface gradient, and the drainage layer 13 is laid only around the water collecting pipe 15. It is good also as composition which did. That is, by doing so, the soil layer 11 and the drainage layer 13 are distributed in the horizontal direction near the bottom of the constructed wetland 10, so that in addition to the vertical flow, a horizontal flow as shown by an arrow in the figure is caused. become.
【００２３】[0023]
【実施例１】発明者は、面積が１００ｍ２、流下距離
（図１における長さＬ）が１０ｍ、底面勾配２％、湛水
深さが１０ｃｍであって、従来の水平浸透流方式（土壌
層の層厚６０ｃｍ）としたモデル湿地と、本発明の構造
（土壌層の層厚３０ｃｍ）としたモデル湿地について、
各種の試算を行った。その結果、湛水領域での汚濁水の
滞留期間を２４時間、土壌層の透水係数を１０−３ｃｍ
／ｓとした場合、従来の水平浸透流方式では、水処理量
が０．１０４ｍ３/ｄａｙ、水面積負荷が０．００１ｍ
３/ｍ２/ｄａｙであったのに対し、本発明による湿地で
は１４４ｍ３/ｄａｙ、であり、水面積負荷が１．４４
ｍ３/ｍ２/ｄａｙであり、すなわち単位面積当たりの水
処理量が著しく増大することがわかった。また、１日当
たりの水処理量を例えば２５ｍ３とするには、従来の水
平浸透流方式では土壌層の透水係数を０．２４ｃｍ／ｓ
とする必要があるのに対し、本発明による湿地では土壌
層の透水係数が１．７４×１０−４ｃｍ／ｓと著しく低
いものでも良いことがわかった。Embodiment 1 The inventor of the present invention has a conventional horizontal seepage flow method (soil layer) having an area of 100 m 2 , a flow distance (length L in FIG. 1) of 10 m, a bottom slope of 2%, and a flooding depth of 10 cm. Of a model wetland having a layer thickness of 60 cm) and a model wetland having a structure of the present invention (layer thickness of a soil layer of 30 cm)
Various trial calculations were performed. As a result, the residence time of the polluted water in the flooded area was 24 hours, and the permeability of the soil layer was 10 −3 cm.
/ S, in the conventional horizontal seepage flow method, the water treatment amount is 0.104 m 3 / day, and the water area load is 0.001 m
3 / m 2 / day, compared to 144 m 3 / day in the wetland according to the present invention, and the water area load was 1.44.
m 3 / m 2 / day, that is, the amount of water treatment per unit area was found to be significantly increased. Further, in order to set the water treatment amount per day to, for example, 25 m 3 , the permeability coefficient of the soil layer is 0.24 cm / s in the conventional horizontal seepage flow method.
On the other hand, it was found that in the wetland according to the present invention, the soil layer may have an extremely low permeability of 1.74 × 10 −4 cm / s.
【００２４】[0024]
【実施例２】また、土壌材料に黒ボク土を用い、層厚の
異なる土壌層による水処理能力の比較を行ったところ、
次のような結果が得られた。なお、土壌層の層厚１５ｃ
ｍ及び３０ｃｍのものは本発明による人工湿地構造と
し、層厚６０ｃｍのものは従来の水平浸透方式の人工湿
地とした。 土壌層の層厚（ｃｍ） １５ ３０ ６０ 窒素除去量（ｍｇＴＮ/ｍ２/ｄａｙ） ３９４ ６３４ ５０３ 窒素除去率（％） １８．３ ２９．２ ２０．８ リン除去量（ｍｇＴＰ/ｍ２/ｄａｙ） １６９ １８８ ２２０ リン除去率（％） ５５．４ ６０．８ ９０．４ 株分れしたヨシの茎密度（本／ｍ２） ４４０ ６３０ ６８０[Example 2] In addition, when the andosol was used as a soil material and the water treatment capacity of soil layers having different thicknesses was compared,
The following results were obtained. The soil layer thickness 15c
Those having m and 30 cm were constructed as an artificial wetland structure according to the present invention, and those having a layer thickness of 60 cm were constructed as a conventional wetland constructed by a horizontal infiltration method. Layer thickness of soil layer (cm) 15 30 60 Nitrogen removal (mgTN / m 2 / day) 394 634 503 Nitrogen removal rate (%) 18.3 29.2 20.8 Phosphorus removal (mgTP / m 2 / day) ) 189 188 220 Phosphorus removal rate (%) 55.4 60.8 90.4 Stalk density of reeds (strains / m 2 ) 440 630 680
【００２５】上記比較結果から明らかなように、リンの
除去能力は土壌層の層厚が大きいほど向上するが、窒素
除去能力は層厚６０ｃｍの土壌層よりも３０ｃｍの土壌
層の方が優れており、層厚１５ｃｍでも６０ｃｍの場合
に比較してそれほどの能力低下は認められない。また、
ヨシの株分れした茎の密度は土壌層の層厚が大きいほど
大きくなるが、層厚３０ｃｍの場合と６０ｃｍの場合と
ではそれほどの差がなく、すなわち層厚３０ｃｍでも水
生植物の充分な生育環境が得られることがわかる。した
がって、以上の結果から総合的に判断すると、本発明の
構成によれば、土壌層の層厚を６０ｃｍ未満としても優
れた水浄化能力が得られる。As is clear from the above comparison results, the phosphorus removal ability is improved as the soil layer thickness increases, but the nitrogen removal ability is better in the 30 cm soil layer than in the 60 cm soil layer. Thus, even if the layer thickness is 15 cm, the performance is not significantly reduced as compared with the case of 60 cm. Also,
The density of reed stems of the reeds increases as the layer thickness of the soil layer increases, but there is not much difference between the case of the layer thickness of 30 cm and the case of the layer thickness of 60 cm, that is, sufficient growth of aquatic plants even at the layer thickness of 30 cm. It turns out that the environment can be obtained. Therefore, judging comprehensively from the above results, according to the configuration of the present invention, excellent water purification ability can be obtained even when the thickness of the soil layer is less than 60 cm.
【００２６】[0026]
【発明の効果】本発明に係る水処理用人工湿地による
と、単位面積当たりの処理水量が増大する。このため、
湿地造成に要する用地面積を小さくしたり、土壌層を造
成するのに必要な土壌材量を少なくしたり、あるいは透
水性の低い土壌材料を用いることができ、したがって人
工湿地を安価な造成コストで提供することができる。According to the constructed wetland for water treatment according to the present invention, the amount of treated water per unit area increases. For this reason,
It is possible to reduce the land area required for wetland development, reduce the amount of soil material required to create a soil layer, or use soil material with low permeability, so that artificial wetlands can be manufactured at low cost. Can be provided.
【図１】本発明に係る水処理用人工湿地の第一の実施形
態を概略的に示すもので、（Ａ）は鉛直断面図、（Ｂ）
は下部の水平断面図である。FIG. 1 schematically shows a first embodiment of an artificial wetland for water treatment according to the present invention, wherein (A) is a vertical sectional view, and (B).
Is a horizontal sectional view of the lower part.
【図２】上記実施形態の人工湿地を多段式に設けたもの
を概略的に示す鉛直断面図である。FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view schematically showing a multi-stage constructed wetland of the embodiment.
【図３】本発明に係る水処理用人工湿地の第二の実施形
態を概略的に示す下部水平断面図である。FIG. 3 is a lower horizontal sectional view schematically showing a second embodiment of the constructed wetland for water treatment according to the present invention.
【図４】従来技術に係る水処理用人工湿地を示す鉛直断
面図で、（Ａ）は表面流方式のもの、（Ｂ）は水平浸透
流方式のものである。FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view showing a constructed wetland for water treatment according to the prior art, wherein (A) is a surface flow type and (B) is a horizontal seepage type.
１０ 人工湿地 １１ 土壌層 １２ 水生植物 １３ 排水層 １４ 遮水材 １５ 集水管 Ｐ 湛水領域 Reference Signs List 10 constructed wetland 11 soil layer 12 aquatic plant 13 drainage layer 14 impermeable material 15 water collection pipe P flooded area
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 野口 俊太郎 東京都渋谷区千駄ヶ谷四丁目６番15号 株 式会社フジタ内 Ｆターム(参考） 4D027 AC01 AC02 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Shuntaro Noguchi 4-16-15 Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo F-term in Fujita Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 4D027 AC01 AC02
Claims (4)
される土壌層と、 この土壌層の下側に敷設され集水管が埋設された排水層
と、 前記土壌層及び排水層と周囲の地盤との水の流通を規制
すると共に前記土壌層上に適当な深さの湛水領域を画成
する遮水材と、からなり、 前記湛水領域から排水層へ向けて前記土壌層に汚濁水を
鉛直方向及び水平方向に浸透させ前記排水層で集水して
前記遮水材の外側へ排出することを特徴とする水処理用
人工湿地。1. A soil layer in which aquatic plants are growing and polluted water is supplied to the upper surface, a drainage layer laid under the soil layer and a water collecting pipe is buried, And a water-blocking material that regulates the flow of water to the ground and defines a flooded area of an appropriate depth on the soil layer, and the soil layer is polluted from the flooded area to the drainage layer. An artificial wetland for water treatment, wherein water penetrates in a vertical direction and a horizontal direction, collects water in the drainage layer, and discharges the water to the outside of the impermeable material.
向及び水平方向への浸透流を生じるように、高さが部分
的に高く形成されていることを特徴とする水処理用人工
湿地。2. The drainage layer according to claim 1, wherein the height of the drainage layer is partially increased so that water supplied to the flooded area generates a permeation flow in a vertical direction and a horizontal direction in the soil layer. An artificial wetland for water treatment, which is formed.
る水処理用人工湿地。3. The artificial wetland for water treatment according to claim 1, wherein the average thickness of the soil layer is less than 60 cm.
て、 土壌層の底面及び排水層が集水側へ向けて低くなるよう
に勾配が与えられていることを特徴とする水処理用人工
湿地。4. The artificial water treatment system according to claim 1, wherein a gradient is provided so that a bottom surface of the soil layer and a drainage layer become lower toward the water collecting side. Wetlands.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17238198A JP4299382B2 (en) | 1998-06-19 | 1998-06-19 | Artificial wetland for water treatment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17238198A JP4299382B2 (en) | 1998-06-19 | 1998-06-19 | Artificial wetland for water treatment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000005777A true JP2000005777A (en) | 2000-01-11 |
| JP4299382B2 JP4299382B2 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
Family
ID=15940867
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17238198A Expired - Fee Related JP4299382B2 (en) | 1998-06-19 | 1998-06-19 | Artificial wetland for water treatment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4299382B2 (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100423662B1 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2004-03-24 | 주식회사 오이코스 | System of the purification river water with biological contact oxidation type to install on any natural river banks and water sides |
| KR20040070980A (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2004-08-11 | 상 을 이 | Artificial Lake for Ecological Environment |
| KR100457730B1 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2004-11-20 | (주) 상원이엔씨 | Water treatment method with plant |
| KR100463062B1 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2004-12-29 | (주) 상원이엔씨 | Water treatment method with plant |
| JP2007203197A (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2007-08-16 | Taiyo Kogyo Corp | Artificial closed area provided on a concave surface made by digging the ground, and a method for suppressing deterioration of water quality in the artificial closed area |
| JP2008080305A (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-10 | Fujishima Kensetsu:Kk | Wastewater filtration system |
| CN102432107A (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2012-05-02 | 上海水平衡环境科技发展有限公司 | Biological comprehensive purification process for treating black and odorous river channel |
| KR101233638B1 (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2013-02-22 | 일송환경복원 주식회사 | Method for composing artificial wet lands and artificial wet lands using the same |
| CN103121747A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2013-05-29 | 江苏苏净集团有限公司 | Three-dimensional artificial aquatic weed and usage method thereof |
| JP2014231042A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2014-12-11 | 学校法人日本大学 | Artificial wetland for water quality improvement |
| CN105731639B (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-08-24 | 上海圣恩生态技术有限公司 | The method for inhibiting anaerobism water purification pool peculiar smell to spread and promote its cleaning water |
| CN110921837A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-27 | 中国中元国际工程有限公司 | A kind of wetland system and method suitable for low-temperature environment utilization of biological high-efficiency phosphorus removal and anti-blocking engineering |
| CN113026900A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-25 | 苏州德华生态环境科技股份有限公司 | Wetland purification system and method suitable for rural non-point source pollution in Taihu lake region |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103214099B (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2015-04-15 | 广东天一圆生态建筑设计院有限公司 | Ecological restoration and purification method for water of lake and pool wet land |
-
1998
- 1998-06-19 JP JP17238198A patent/JP4299382B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100423662B1 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2004-03-24 | 주식회사 오이코스 | System of the purification river water with biological contact oxidation type to install on any natural river banks and water sides |
| KR100457730B1 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2004-11-20 | (주) 상원이엔씨 | Water treatment method with plant |
| KR100463062B1 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2004-12-29 | (주) 상원이엔씨 | Water treatment method with plant |
| KR20040070980A (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2004-08-11 | 상 을 이 | Artificial Lake for Ecological Environment |
| JP2007203197A (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2007-08-16 | Taiyo Kogyo Corp | Artificial closed area provided on a concave surface made by digging the ground, and a method for suppressing deterioration of water quality in the artificial closed area |
| JP2008080305A (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-10 | Fujishima Kensetsu:Kk | Wastewater filtration system |
| CN102432107A (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2012-05-02 | 上海水平衡环境科技发展有限公司 | Biological comprehensive purification process for treating black and odorous river channel |
| KR101233638B1 (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2013-02-22 | 일송환경복원 주식회사 | Method for composing artificial wet lands and artificial wet lands using the same |
| CN103121747A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2013-05-29 | 江苏苏净集团有限公司 | Three-dimensional artificial aquatic weed and usage method thereof |
| JP2014231042A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2014-12-11 | 学校法人日本大学 | Artificial wetland for water quality improvement |
| CN105731639B (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-08-24 | 上海圣恩生态技术有限公司 | The method for inhibiting anaerobism water purification pool peculiar smell to spread and promote its cleaning water |
| CN110921837A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-27 | 中国中元国际工程有限公司 | A kind of wetland system and method suitable for low-temperature environment utilization of biological high-efficiency phosphorus removal and anti-blocking engineering |
| CN113026900A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-25 | 苏州德华生态环境科技股份有限公司 | Wetland purification system and method suitable for rural non-point source pollution in Taihu lake region |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4299382B2 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US11598064B2 (en) | Lake restoration systems and processes | |
| Headley et al. | Application of floating wetlands for enhanced for stormwater treatment: a review | |
| US5174897A (en) | Constructed wetlands to control nonpoint source pollution | |
| Vymazal et al. | Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment | |
| CN106277572B (en) | Ecological and landscape combined urban river water body purification system | |
| JP4299382B2 (en) | Artificial wetland for water treatment | |
| US20050218071A1 (en) | Integrated tidal wastewater treatment system and method | |
| US6387265B1 (en) | Method and system for managing water system habitat environment | |
| Crites | Design manual: constructed wetlands and aquatic plant systems for municipal wastewater treatment | |
| KR100375052B1 (en) | the nature purify method for a damp area to be made artificially and that equipment | |
| JP3907044B2 (en) | Coastal wetland breeding method using natural degradable plant material and coastal wetland | |
| Biddlestone et al. | A botanical approach to the treatment of wastewaters | |
| US20230203771A1 (en) | Lake restoration systems and processes | |
| KR100444972B1 (en) | Constructed wetland system and method for controlling wastewater and nonpoint pollution source adopting multi-cells | |
| KR20100089449A (en) | Sustainable structured permeability controlling system | |
| JP3482619B2 (en) | Sludge treatment facility using reed and sludge treatment method | |
| Price et al. | Role of constructed wetlands in environmentally-sustainable developments | |
| KR101704529B1 (en) | Wetland System For Nonpoint Source Polluted Water Treatment | |
| Vymazal | Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Europe | |
| JP2001224243A (en) | Artificial greening method and artificial green space | |
| KR200251872Y1 (en) | the nature purify equipment for a damp area to be made artificially | |
| KR100574171B1 (en) | Water treatment device of ecological pond | |
| KR200366770Y1 (en) | System for cleaning water of lake | |
| KR100707365B1 (en) | Lake water purification system and purification method using the same | |
| De Stefani | Performance of floating treatment wetlands (FTW) with the innovative Tech-IA® system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20050512 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20070528 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20070606 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20070802 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20080416 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20080501 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20090318 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20090417 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120424 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120424 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130424 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130424 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140424 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| S531 | Written request for registration of change of domicile |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531 |
|
| R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |