JP2001080907A - 酸素含有ガスの予備改質方法 - Google Patents
酸素含有ガスの予備改質方法Info
- Publication number
- JP2001080907A JP2001080907A JP2000248395A JP2000248395A JP2001080907A JP 2001080907 A JP2001080907 A JP 2001080907A JP 2000248395 A JP2000248395 A JP 2000248395A JP 2000248395 A JP2000248395 A JP 2000248395A JP 2001080907 A JP2001080907 A JP 2001080907A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- reforming
- noble metal
- oxygen
- metal catalyst
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title abstract description 18
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical class [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910020068 MgAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical group [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001193 catalytic steam reforming Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910026161 MgAl2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 For example Chemical compound 0.000 description 5
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Beryllium oxide Chemical compound O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005839 oxidative dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/382—Multi-step processes
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- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
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- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
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- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
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- C01B2203/0838—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel
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Abstract
ピークシェービングガス、LPG などの予備改質方法の提
供。 【解決手段】 高級炭化水素及び酸素を含む炭化水素供
給材料を接触的に予備改質しそしてこの予備改質された
供給材料を水蒸気改質する段階を含み、この予備改質段
階が、炭化水素を炭素酸化物に酸化すること及び高級炭
化水素をメタンに転化することに対して活性を示す貴金
属触媒を少なくとも部分的に含む固定床触媒の存在下に
行われる、上記炭化水素供給材料の接触的水蒸気改質法
であって、上記貴金属触媒が、MgO 及び/またはMgAl2O
4 尖晶石の担体に担持されている上記方法。
Description
例えば天然ガス、ピークシェービングガス(peak shavin
g gas)、LPG などの予備改質方法に関する。予備改質
は、水素及び/または一酸化炭素を豊富に含むガスの生
産において接触水蒸気改質段階の前に行われるプロセス
である。予備改質段階では、高級炭化水素がメタンに転
化され、そしてメタン改質反応(1) 及び水性ガスシフト
反応が、操業温度近くで平衡に達する。上記プロセスへ
導入する供給ガス中の酸素は、炭化水素の酸化的脱水素
を招き、オレフィンを生成させる。予備改質触媒はガス
中のオレフィン濃度に対し決定的要素であり、この濃度
が或る一定の臨界値を超えた場合には炭素が生成する。
の存在下でのH2O またはCO2 を含む炭化水素供給物の部
分的酸化については国際特許出願公開第99/35082号に記
載されている。本発明の一般的な課題は、予備改質触媒
上に不利益な炭素を実質的に形成することなく酸素含有
炭化水素供給材料を接触予備改質する段階を含む、この
ような供給材料を接触水蒸気改質するための公知方法を
改善することである。詳しくは、本発明は、炭化水素を
一酸化炭素(例えば(3))及び二酸化炭素(例えば(4) )
に酸化する、入口ガス中の酸素を使用する接触酸化に活
性を示し、かつ高級炭化水素をメタンに転化し及びメタ
ン改質反応(1) 及び水性ガスシフト反応(2) を平衡させ
る予備改質触媒としての活性を有する、貴金属触媒を使
用する。
口において優勢的な反応であり、次の反応に熱を放出す
る。その結果、供給ガス中の酸素含有量に依存してプロ
セスガスの温度が上昇する。プロセスガス中の酸素が上
記の反応(3) 及び(4) に消費されると、吸熱性のメタン
改質反応が主反応となり、プロセス温度が低下する。接
触燃焼反応(3) 及び(4) を通じて熱が発生するため、入
口供給物中に酸素がない場合の水蒸気改質プロセスと比
較して、出口ガスがより高い温度及びより高いメタン改
質平衡温度を有するようになる。それゆえ、次の水蒸気
改質段階は、それから生ずる流出ガス中に同量の水素及
び/または一酸化炭素を得るためには、より低い効率し
か必要としない。上記の観察に基づき、本発明は、高級
炭化水素と酸素とを含む炭化水素供給材料の接触水蒸気
改質法であって、この供給材料を接触的に予備改質し、
そしてこの予備改質された供給材料を水蒸気改質する段
階を含む或る方法を提供する。この予備改質段階は、炭
化水素の酸化炭素類への酸化及び高級炭化水素のメタン
への転化に対して活性を示す貴金属触媒を少なくとも部
分的に含む固定床触媒の存在下で行われる。この貴金属
触媒は、MgO 及び/またはMgAl2O4 尖晶石に担持され
る。上記酸化触媒に使用するのに適した金属には、アル
ミナ、マグネシア、チアニア、シリカ、ジルコニア、ベ
リリア、トリア、ランタニア、酸化カルシウムまたはこ
れらの混合体からなる化合物の触媒担体上に担持された
周期律表第VIII族から選択される少なくとも一種の貴金
属が包含される。
は、便宜的に、当技術分野において慣用されるいずれか
の方法によって作製される。このような方法には、例え
ば貴金属を含む水溶液を担体材料に含浸させ、そしてこ
の含浸処理した材料を空気中でか焼する方法などがあ
る。担体材料は、通常、アルミナ、マグネシア、チアニ
ア、シリカ、ジルコニア、ベリリア、トリア、ランタニ
ア、酸化カルシウムまたはこれらの混合体からなる化合
物からなる群から選択される。好ましい担体材料はマグ
ネシウム、アルミナ尖晶石及び酸化マグネシウムであ
る。貴金属触媒は、典型的には、予備改質反応器中に固
定床として配置される。場合によっては、貴金属触媒
は、慣用の予備改質触媒の上に予備改質反応器中の頂部
層として使用してもよい。以下に、本発明を例をもって
より詳しく説明する。
担体材料に、硝酸ロジウム水溶液を用いて約3重量%の
Rhを含浸させ、次いで750 ℃でか焼した。これによって
硝酸塩が酸化物に分解した。上記の作製した触媒を反応
器管中に固定床として配置した。床体積は74.5mlとし
た。これは58.4gの触媒に相当する。この反応器管を、
実験中に恒温の温度プロフィルを実質的に維持するため
に5つの領域からなる電気加熱炉中に置いた。この炉及
び各入口ストリング(inlet strings) を窒素流中で加熱
した。所定の操業温度に達したら、水蒸気を加えそして
窒素を、以下の表1に記載の組成を有する、前もって混
合した天然ガス- 空気混合物とブタンとの流れに置き換
えた。
速度に相当する。実験は、450 ℃と480 ℃の炉温度で行
った。この両方の実験は、供給ガス中の酸素が完全に転
化されたこと、及びブタンがほぼ完全にメタンに転化さ
れたこと(乾質基準で出口において0〜580ppmv のブタ
ン)を示した。同時に、メタン改質反応とシフト反応の
平衡は、炉温度から10℃以内であった。反応器の頂部に
おいて、酸素が存在する間に起こる発熱性の接触酸化反
応に由来する、整定温度よりも高い温度を有する領域が
存在し、そしてこの領域の後に、整定温度に向けてゆっ
くりと上昇する、整定温度より低い温度を有する領域が
存在することが観察された。後者の温度は、吸熱性のメ
タン改質反応に由来するものである。 例2 約10重量%のα- アルミナ及び4.5 ×4.5mm の粒度を有
するMgAl2O4 触媒担体に、硝酸ロジウムの水溶液を用い
て約2重量%のRhを含浸させ、次いで750 ℃でか焼し
た。これによって硝酸塩が酸化物に分解された。この触
媒を、これを79.8g含む74.5mlの床体積で、反応器管中
に固定床として配置した。この反応器管を、実験中に実
質的に恒温の温度プロフィルを維持するために5つの領
域からなる電気加熱された炉中に置いた。この炉及び各
入口ストリングを窒素流中で加熱した。操業温度に到達
したら、水蒸気を加え、そして窒素を、以下の表2に記
載の組成を有する、前もって混合した天然ガス- 空気混
合物とブタンとの流れに置き換えた。
速度を与えた。実験は、450 ℃の炉温度で行った。この
実験は、酸素が完全に転化されたこと及びブタンが完全
にメタンに転化されたことを示した。同時に、メタン改
質反応の平衡は、炉温度から15℃以内であった。一方、
シフト反応は-20 ℃から-60 ℃のマイナスのアプローチ
を有した。これはこの組成の平衡温度が反応器温度より
も高いことを意味する。反応器全体の温度プロフィル
は、発熱反応により酸素が消費されるため、入口におい
ては反応器の整定値より高い温度を示した。この領域以
下では、吸熱改質反応のために、温度は整定温度あたり
まで低下した。
Claims (4)
- 【請求項1】 高級炭化水素及び酸素を含む炭化水素供
給材料を接触的に予備改質しそしてこの予備改質された
供給材料を水蒸気改質する段階を含み、この予備改質段
階が、炭化水素を酸化炭素類に酸化すること及び高級炭
化水素をメタンに転化することに対して活性を示す貴金
属触媒を少なくとも部分的に含む固定床触媒の存在下に
行われる、上記炭化水素供給材料の接触的水蒸気改質法
であって、上記貴金属触媒が、MgO 及び/またはMgAl2O
4 尖晶石の担体に担持されている上記方法。 - 【請求項2】 貴金属触媒が、周期律表の第VIII族から
の少なくとも一種の貴金属を含む、請求項1の方法。 - 【請求項3】 貴金属触媒がロジウムである、請求項2
の方法。 - 【請求項4】 貴金属触媒が固定床触媒中の頂部層とし
て配置される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一つの方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK199901137 | 1999-08-19 | ||
| DKPA199901137 | 1999-08-19 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001080907A true JP2001080907A (ja) | 2001-03-27 |
| JP2001080907A5 JP2001080907A5 (ja) | 2007-08-23 |
Family
ID=8101442
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000248395A Pending JP2001080907A (ja) | 1999-08-19 | 2000-08-18 | 酸素含有ガスの予備改質方法 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6335474B1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1077198A3 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2001080907A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1165597C (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU769128B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2316043A1 (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO329966B1 (ja) |
| RU (1) | RU2250873C2 (ja) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200004258B (ja) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004079262A (ja) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-03-11 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 水素供給システム及び移動式水素製造装置 |
| WO2007114110A1 (ja) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-11 | Nippon Oil Corporation | 固体酸化物形燃料電池および改質器 |
| WO2007116897A1 (ja) | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-18 | Nippon Oil Corporation | 固体酸化物形燃料電池システムとその運転方法 |
| WO2012147317A1 (ja) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | パナソニック株式会社 | 水素生成装置、燃料電池システム、及びその運転方法 |
| WO2012147283A1 (ja) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | パナソニック株式会社 | 水素生成装置および燃料電池システム |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6914029B2 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2005-07-05 | California Institute Of Technology | Polyoxometallate catalysts and catalytic processes |
| US6981994B2 (en) | 2001-12-17 | 2006-01-03 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Production enhancement for a reactor |
| US6977067B2 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2005-12-20 | Engelhard Corporation | Selective removal of olefins from hydrocarbon feed streams |
| US7427388B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2008-09-23 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Process for improving prereforming and reforming of natural gas containing higher hydrocarbons along with methane |
| TWI398406B (zh) * | 2005-09-21 | 2013-06-11 | Nippon Oil Corp | Automatic starting method of thermal reformer |
| US7365102B1 (en) | 2007-02-26 | 2008-04-29 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Process for pre-reforming hydrocarbon fuels |
| WO2008147860A1 (en) | 2007-05-22 | 2008-12-04 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Dual mode reactor smr integration |
| US8808654B2 (en) | 2009-09-29 | 2014-08-19 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Process for sulfur removal from refinery off gas |
| CN104190427A (zh) * | 2014-09-26 | 2014-12-10 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | 多相镍基催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
| US11826745B2 (en) | 2021-04-22 | 2023-11-28 | Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.—Petrobras | Method of maintaining the activity of pre-reform catalysts |
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| IT1256227B (it) * | 1992-12-23 | 1995-11-29 | Snam Progetti | Procedimento catalitico per la produzione di gas di sintesi |
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-
2000
- 2000-07-13 EP EP00115173A patent/EP1077198A3/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-08-16 CA CA002316043A patent/CA2316043A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-16 US US09/639,595 patent/US6335474B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-18 AU AU53490/00A patent/AU769128B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-08-18 CN CNB001260111A patent/CN1165597C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-18 JP JP2000248395A patent/JP2001080907A/ja active Pending
- 2000-08-18 NO NO20004138A patent/NO329966B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-18 ZA ZA200004258A patent/ZA200004258B/xx unknown
- 2000-08-18 RU RU2000121898/04A patent/RU2250873C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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| JPH02160603A (ja) * | 1988-12-15 | 1990-06-20 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | 燃料電池用燃料改質方法 |
| JPH11130404A (ja) * | 1997-04-11 | 1999-05-18 | Chiyoda Corp | 部分酸化法による合成ガスの製造方法 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004079262A (ja) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-03-11 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 水素供給システム及び移動式水素製造装置 |
| WO2007114110A1 (ja) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-11 | Nippon Oil Corporation | 固体酸化物形燃料電池および改質器 |
| WO2007116897A1 (ja) | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-18 | Nippon Oil Corporation | 固体酸化物形燃料電池システムとその運転方法 |
| WO2012147317A1 (ja) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | パナソニック株式会社 | 水素生成装置、燃料電池システム、及びその運転方法 |
| WO2012147283A1 (ja) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | パナソニック株式会社 | 水素生成装置および燃料電池システム |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6335474B1 (en) | 2002-01-01 |
| ZA200004258B (en) | 2001-11-22 |
| CN1285390A (zh) | 2001-02-28 |
| CA2316043A1 (en) | 2001-02-19 |
| NO20004138L (no) | 2001-02-20 |
| AU769128B2 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
| EP1077198A2 (en) | 2001-02-21 |
| EP1077198A3 (en) | 2001-03-07 |
| AU5349000A (en) | 2001-02-22 |
| NO329966B1 (no) | 2011-01-31 |
| RU2250873C2 (ru) | 2005-04-27 |
| NO20004138D0 (no) | 2000-08-18 |
| CN1165597C (zh) | 2004-09-08 |
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