JP2002060763A - Combustible garbage fuel conversion system for in-vehicle internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [PROBLEMS] To provide a fuel conversion device capable of converting combustible waste into fuel at low cost. SOLUTION: A vehicle is provided with a combustible waste fuel conversion device that contacts supercritical water with combustible waste containing hydrocarbons to generate fuel composed of gas or liquid hydrocarbon from the combustible waste. The fuel conversion device generates supercritical water using the exhaust heat of the onboard internal combustion engine. Produced hydrocarbon fuel, converted to gaseous fuel consisting of onboard reformer with CO and H ₂ Metropolitan for reforming fuel by utilizing the exhaust heat of an internal combustion engine,
It is burned as fuel for onboard internal combustion engines. By mounting the burnable garbage fuel conversion device on the vehicle, the heat source required for fuel conversion can be easily obtained from the onboard internal combustion engine, and the cost of temporarily storing the generated fuel and transporting it to the consuming area is unnecessary, It is possible to efficiently use the energy of combustible waste at low cost.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a combustible waste fuel conversion apparatus, and more particularly, to a method for producing fuel on a vehicle from combustible waste containing a hydrocarbon component, and operating a vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine with the generated fuel. Device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, it has been common practice to collect garbage from general households, combustible garbage containing hydrocarbon components, such as plastic and sludge, in a garbage disposal plant and incinerate it in an incinerator. In this case, the CO ₂ generated by the incineration is released to the atmosphere as it is, and the heat generated by the incineration can be used only for supplying hot water to the surrounding area.

However, from the viewpoint of reducing the amount of CO ₂ emitted into the atmosphere to prevent global warming in recent years and effectively using combustible waste as a resource, the energy of combustible waste must be effectively used instead of simply burning it. It is desired to use it. In order to effectively use the energy of combustible waste, various methods for generating fuel from combustible waste have been proposed.

For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-94058 discloses that
BACKGROUND ART There has been disclosed a combustible garbage fuel conversion apparatus that produces a fuel gas (methane gas) by fermenting organic matter such as garbage and sludge and burning the fuel gas to generate superheated steam for a generator. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-71584 discloses an apparatus for recovering hydrocarbons in waste gas as liquid hydrocarbons.

[0005]

The apparatus disclosed in the above-mentioned publication does not simply burn combustible waste and waste gas, but converts the burnable waste and the waste gas into energy that can be used for other purposes such as power generation. Can be said to be used effectively. However, all of the apparatuses disclosed in the above publications use stationary (fixed) processing equipment, and thus have a problem in that processing costs increase.

For example, in the apparatus disclosed in JP-A-8-94058, as a pretreatment for fermentation of combustible waste, it is necessary to perform a process of liquefying the combustible waste by bringing the combustible waste into contact with oxygen at a high temperature and a high pressure. For this reason, heat supply from the outside is required to convert the combustible garbage into fuel, and the fuel conversion device can be installed only as an incidental facility of a heat generation source such as an incinerator, and the installation place is limited. Further, in each of the apparatuses disclosed in the above publications, since the fuel conversion device is a fixed type facility, it is necessary to transport the collected combustible waste to a place where the fuel conversion device is installed, and there is a problem that the transportation cost increases. Furthermore, even if the combustible waste is turned into fuel by the fueling device at the cost of transportation as described above, in order to use the generated fuel in other places,
In addition, storage and transportation costs are incurred and are relatively high compared to the price of existing fossil fuels. For this reason, in any of the apparatuses disclosed in the above-mentioned publications, it is necessary to consume the produced fuel at a place where the fuel conversion apparatus is installed, and the use of the produced fuel is limited. That is, any of the devices in the above publications
It can be installed only in a place near the heat source and where the generated fuel can be used effectively, for example, in a limited place such as a power plant. This is an obstacle to the widespread use of combustible waste fuel conversion equipment.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art,
To provide a combustible waste fuel conversion device that can efficiently convert combustible waste to fuel, greatly reduce the transportation cost of combustible waste and generated fuel, and can be widely and widely used. And

[0008]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, combustible waste containing a hydrocarbon component is converted into gas or liquid fuel by using heat of exhaust gas of a vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine disposed on a vehicle. Fuel supply means for supplying the fuel generated by the fuel supply means to the vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine, wherein the fuel generated by the fuel conversion means is burned by the vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine. A waste fuel conversion device is provided.

That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the combustible waste fuel conversion device is disposed on the vehicle and uses the heat of the exhaust gas of the onboard internal combustion engine to convert the combustible waste into fuel. Therefore, there is no need to separately provide a heat source for the fuel conversion device. Further, since the burnable garbage fuel conversion device is provided on the vehicle, for example, garbage generated at home can be supplied as a raw material to the on-board burnable garbage fuel conversion device. In addition, combustible waste generated at factories other than homes can also be collected at, for example, a nearby gas station and supplied to the in-vehicle combustible waste fuel conversion device when refueling vehicles, making it possible to collect and transport waste. The required cost can be reduced.

[0010] Further, the fuel generated by the combustible garbage fuel conversion device is consumed as fuel for the vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine without being transported and stored in another place, so that there is no transportation and storage cost for the generated fuel. In addition, since the number of vehicles on which the combustible waste fuel conversion device of the present invention is mounted is extremely large, even if it is mounted on some vehicles, an extremely large number of combustible waste fuel conversion devices will operate, resulting in a large amount of combustible waste fuel. Garbage can be disposed of. In addition, since the generated fuel is used as fuel for the internal combustion engine, the consumption of fossil fuel used for the on-vehicle internal combustion engine is greatly reduced as a whole, and the energy of combustible waste is effectively used. together, atmospheric emissions of only CO ₂ partial consumption of fossil fuels is reduced as compared with the case of simply burning the combustible waste is reduced.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the fueling means brings supercritical water into contact with the combustible waste and converts the combustible waste into a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon. The present invention provides a combustible waste fuel conversion device according to the above. That is, in the invention of claim 2, supercritical water is brought into contact with combustible waste to convert the combustible waste into a fuel containing hydrocarbons. In the supercritical state, water has an extremely high fluidity, and a part of the water is dissociated into a state having a very high reaction activity. For this reason, when supercritical water is brought into contact with combustible waste containing hydrocarbons, the carbon-carbon bonds of the hydrocarbons are broken, and high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons such as plastic and cellulose are converted to low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. It can be used as fuel. This makes it possible to convert combustible waste into fuel using readily available water without using special chemicals or bacteria in the present invention. Is easier to handle.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the fuel conversion means heats the pressurized water with the exhaust heat of the on-vehicle internal combustion engine to generate supercritical water. A combustible waste fuel conversion device is provided. That is, in the third aspect of the present invention, water in a supercritical state used for converting garbage into fuel is generated by pressurizing the water and heating it with the exhaust heat of the vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine. The critical pressure of water is a relatively high pressure of about 22 MPa, but the critical temperature is a relatively low temperature of about 374 ° C. On the other hand, the exhaust gas temperature of an internal combustion engine reaches about 400 ° C. even in a gasoline engine even at a relatively low load operation. Therefore, it is possible to easily generate water in a supercritical state by using exhaust heat of the internal combustion engine.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the fueling means includes a reaction vessel, and stores a predetermined amount of the combustible waste in the reaction vessel in advance, and supercritical water in the reaction vessel is stored in the reaction vessel. And converting the combustible waste into a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon by contacting the mixture with the hydrocarbon, and removing the hydrocarbon generated after the conversion of the predetermined amount of the combustible waste into the hydrocarbon is taken out of the reaction vessel. A combustible waste fuel conversion device according to claim 3 is provided.

That is, in the invention of claim 4, a so-called batch process is performed in which a predetermined amount of combustible waste is converted into fuel at one time. According to the invention as set forth in claim 5, the fuel conversion means includes a reaction vessel, and continuously supplies the combustible waste to the reaction vessel and makes the combustible waste come into contact with supercritical water in the reaction vessel. A flammable garbage fuel conversion apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein garbage is converted into gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons, and the generated hydrocarbons are continuously taken out of the reaction vessel.

That is, in the invention of claim 5, a continuous process for continuously converting combustible waste to fuel is performed. According to the invention described in claim 6, the supply means converts the gas or liquid hydrocarbon generated by the fuel conversion means into at least carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas by using exhaust heat of the on-vehicle internal combustion engine. 6. The gas fuel according to claim 1, further comprising a reforming means for converting the fuel into gaseous fuel including one of the gaseous fuels, and supplying the gaseous fuel generated by the reforming means to the on-vehicle internal combustion engine.
Item is provided with a combustible waste fuel conversion device.

That is, in the invention of claim 6, the hydrocarbon generated from the combustible waste by the fueling means is reformed into a gaseous fuel containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas. Hydrocarbons produced from combustible waste by contact with supercritical water are a mixture of hydrocarbons with a relatively wide range of molecular weights, including both gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons. I have. Therefore, in order to efficiently use these hydrocarbons as fuel for an internal combustion engine, it is preferable to reform these hydrocarbons so that they are satisfactorily burned in the engine. In the present invention, hydrocarbon fuel generated from combustible waste is reformed to gaseous fuel containing carbon monoxide or hydrogen gas. Both carbon monoxide and hydrogen burn very well in the engine, and do not produce unburned hydrocarbons or sulfur oxides unlike fossil fuel combustion. Therefore, by reforming the fuel generated from the combustible waste and supplying the reformed fuel to the vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine as carbon monoxide or hydrogen, the exhaust characteristics and warm-up performance of the engine are improved.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, gas or liquid hydrocarbons supplied from a hydrocarbon supply source made of combustible waste disposed on the vehicle are used to generate exhaust heat of the vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine. A combustible waste fuel conversion device that includes a reforming unit that converts the gaseous fuel containing at least one of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas into gaseous fuel, and supplies the gaseous fuel generated by the reforming unit to the on-vehicle internal combustion engine for combustion. Is provided.

That is, in the invention of claim 7, the hydrocarbon supplied from the in-vehicle hydrocarbon supply source using combustible waste as a raw material is reformed by the reforming means into a gaseous fuel containing carbon monoxide or hydrogen gas. The fuel is supplied to the vehicle internal combustion engine as fuel. In general, the composition of combustible waste as a raw material is not uniform, so that the hydrocarbon and the composition generated from combustible waste as a raw material also vary. According to the present invention, hydrocarbons having various compositions are reformed by using exhaust heat of an onboard internal combustion engine, and are converted into carbon monoxide or hydrogen gas having a good combustion state before being supplied to the engine. Properties and warm-up performance are improved.

According to the invention of claim 8, the hydrocarbon supply source generates the hydrocarbon by contacting the combustible waste with water in a supercritical state. A fueling device is provided. That is, in the invention of claim 8, a fuel conversion device that generates hydrocarbons from combustible waste using supercritical water as a hydrocarbon supply source is used.

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the reforming means heats the gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon with the exhaust heat of the vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine to cause steam or carbon dioxide to react with the hydrocarbon. The combustible waste fuel conversion device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the gaseous fuel is generated by the method. That is, in the invention of claim 9, the reforming means is configured to perform steam reforming in which steam and hydrocarbons are reacted to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and carbon monoxide is formed by reacting carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons. Any one of carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be obtained by one or more of the following reactions: CO ₂ reforming to produce hydrogen, and reforming by water gas shift reaction to produce hydrogen by reacting steam with carbon monoxide. One or more gaseous fuels are produced. Since both the steam reforming reaction and the CO ₂ reforming reaction are endothermic reactions, it is necessary to supply heat from the outside to cause the reactions. In the present invention,
By supplying the exhaust heat of the vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine to the reforming means, the fuel is reformed without supplying heat from the outside. In addition, since the water vapor and carbon dioxide required for the reaction are contained in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, the reaction can be caused by using the water vapor and carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas without supplying water or carbon dioxide from outside. It is possible.

[0021]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of an embodiment of a combustible waste fuel conversion device according to the present invention.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an internal combustion engine for a vehicle (FIG.
(Cylinder gasoline engine is shown.) 2 is engine 1
3 indicates an exhaust manifold, and 5 indicates an exhaust passage connected to the exhaust manifold 3.

In the present embodiment, a known catalytic converter 9 is disposed in the middle of the exhaust passage 5, and the engine exhaust gas passes through the converter 9 and contacts the three-way catalyst disposed in the converter 9 to exhaust the exhaust gas. HC in, CO, substances which cause air pollution, such as NO _X is decomposed by a three-way catalyst. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, a combustible waste fuel conversion device 10 is disposed near the exhaust passage downstream of the catalytic converter 9 in the exhaust passage 3. The combustible waste fuel conversion apparatus 10 converts combustible waste containing hydrocarbons into hydrocarbon fuel using heat of exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 3. Combustible waste fuel conversion device 1
Numeral 0 is provided with a reaction vessel for converting the fuel. In the present embodiment, as will be described later, a batch processing type reaction vessel for taking out fuel from the reaction vessel after filling the reaction vessel with a certain amount of dust at a time and completing the conversion of the dust in the vessel into fuel, It is possible to use any of a continuous processing type reaction vessel that continuously supplies combustible refuse into the reaction vessel and takes out generated fuel from the reaction vessel.

The gaseous or liquid fuel generated from the combustible waste in the combustible waste fuel conversion apparatus 10 is temporarily stored in a tank in the apparatus 10 from the reaction vessel, and is then transferred from the tank to the reformer 2.
0 is supplied. The reformer converts hydrocarbon fuel generated from combustible waste into gaseous fuel containing carbon monoxide or hydrogen by using exhaust heat of the internal combustion engine 1. The fuel gasified by the reformer is stored in a reformed gas tank in the reformer 20, and is injected into the intake manifold from a gas fuel injection valve 2a provided in the intake manifold 2 of the engine 1 so that the cylinder of the engine 1 Burns in. The reaction vessel and the reformer 20 of the combustible waste fuel conversion device 10 are arranged at a place on the vehicle where the exhaust heat of the internal combustion engine 1 can be used. Further, the contents of the reaction vessel and the reformer do not directly contact the exhaust gas, but only absorb the exhaust heat. That is, in the present embodiment, a heat exchanger through which exhaust gas flows is provided in the reaction vessel and the reformer, or exhaust gas is flown outside the reaction vessel and the reformer to heat the contents via the vessel wall. In this way, the contents are heated by the exhaust heat while preventing the exhaust from directly contacting the contents.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, the exhaust passage 5 is provided with, for example, an air-cooled steam condenser 15. The steam condenser 15 has a function of cooling the exhaust gas after heating the reformer 20 and the combustible waste fuel conversion device 10, condensing the steam in the exhaust gas, and storing it in the water tank 17. Water tank 1
The condensed water stored in 7 is sent to the reformer 20 or the fuel conversion device 10 as needed, and is used for reforming fuel and converting waste into fuel.

Hereinafter, the combustible waste fuel conversion apparatus 10 and the reformer 20 shown in FIG. 1 will be described. (1) Combustible garbage fuel conversion device In the present embodiment, the combustible garbage fuel conversion device raises the temperature to a supercritical state and brings the water (supercritical water) into contact with the combustible waste to convert the combustible waste into gas or liquid. To produce hydrocarbon fuel.

Supercritical water is obtained by converting water to a critical pressure (22.1MP).
a) and a pressure and temperature above the critical temperature (374 ° C.). For example,
The liquid changes its phase into a gas by raising the temperature of water to a supercritical state under pressure, but the gas in the supercritical state has a very high density and exhibits physical properties close to a liquid. That is, by setting the liquid in a supercritical state, the liquid becomes a fluid in a supercritical state showing physical properties intermediate between the gas and the liquid. A fluid in a supercritical state is a gas with a very high density, and therefore has a high energy density and exhibits various unique properties. It is considered that water in the supercritical state has been ionized into H ⁺ ions and OH ^- ions, and the generated H ⁺ ions and O
It is considered that H ^- ions are repeatedly separated and bonded. For this reason, supercritical water has extremely high corrosiveness.

The combustible waste to be converted into fuel in the present embodiment is waste containing a large amount of hydrocarbon components in some form. For example, waste such as garbage containing vegetable cellulose, plastics, petroleum products, and the like is a raw material. Used as The hydrocarbons contained in these debris are usually very high molecular weight substances with strong carbon bonds.To convert these substances into liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons that can be used as fuel, It is necessary to break the carbon bond between them to convert to a substance having a relatively small molecular weight. Usually, in order to break the intermolecular bond of the hydrocarbon, an operation such as fermentation using a chemical such as a strong acid or a base, bacteria, or treatment of the hydrocarbon at a high temperature is required. However,
As mentioned above, supercritical water is a highly corrosive fluid, so by bringing combustible waste and supercritical water into contact, the carbon bonds of high-molecular hydrocarbons, which are components of combustible waste, can be easily cut off. It can produce very low molecular weight gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons.

The use of supercritical water for converting combustible waste into fuel has the following advantages. That is, the supercritical water is obtained by increasing the pressure and the temperature of water that is generally available.
For this reason, compared to the case where garbage is made into a fuel by using chemicals such as acids and bases or bacteria, the raw material (water) is extremely easy to obtain, and problems such as storage and storage do not occur. FIG.
If the steam condenser 15 is provided in the exhaust passage and the steam in the exhaust gas is collected and reused as in the example, the supply amount of the raw water from the outside of the vehicle can be significantly reduced.

Further, when chemicals are used in the reaction, they can only be disposed after detoxification treatment such as neutralization with another chemical after use, whereas supercritical water can be used at room temperature. However, when the state is returned to normal pressure, the water becomes normal water, so that there is an advantage that detoxification treatment after use is not required. Although the critical temperature of water is relatively low at about 374 ° C., the exhaust of an internal combustion engine, especially a gasoline engine, can be operated at a relatively low load by 40%.
Since the temperature is 0 ° C. or higher, it is possible to sufficiently raise the temperature of the water to the critical temperature or higher by heating the water using the exhaust gas of the engine. Therefore, when the combustible waste fuel conversion device is mounted on a vehicle, it is particularly advantageous to adopt a fuel conversion process using supercritical water.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a specific configuration of the combustible waste fuel conversion apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 2 shows a fuel conversion apparatus that performs a batch process for converting combustible waste into fuel at a fixed amount at a time. In FIG. 2, the combustible garbage fuel conversion device 10 includes:
A pulverizer 110 for supplying combustible waste as a raw material to the reaction vessel 100, a slurry tank 113, a high-pressure slurry pump 115, and a hydrocarbon tank 117 for temporarily storing gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons generated in the reaction vessel 100 are provided. Have.

As the pulverizer 110, a known appropriate type of pulverizer is used, and the combustible dust supplied together with water is pulverized into fine particles to produce a combustible dust slurry mixed with water. The crusher 110 may be driven from the output shaft of the engine 1 of the vehicle via transmission means such as a belt or a gear, or may be driven by an independent drive such as an electric motor. Also, in order to improve the dispersion of the dust particles in the slurry,
A surfactant may be supplied to the crusher 110 together with water.

The combustible waste slurried by the pulverizer 110 is temporarily stored in a slurry tank 113, and is filled into the reaction vessel 100 from the tank 113 by a high-pressure pump 115. The high-pressure pump 115 is a pump such as a piston pump, for example, and is driven by an output shaft of the engine 1 or an electric motor. The reaction vessel 100 is a pressure vessel made of, for example, a corrosion-resistant material such as stainless steel, and its outer periphery is surrounded by an exhaust gas jacket 130. The exhaust gas jacket 130 is connected to the exhaust passage 5 of the engine 1, and high-temperature exhaust gas flows during operation of the engine 1. Pump 11
The maximum discharge pressure of No. 5 is set to a pressure sufficiently higher than the critical pressure of water, 22 MPa. Also, the reaction vessel 1
The design pressure and design temperature of 00 are set to values sufficiently higher than the critical pressure and critical temperature of water (22 MPa, 374 ° C.). In the present embodiment, the reaction container 100 is a relatively small container that can be filled with several liters of combustible waste slurry at a time.

The hydrocarbon tank 117 contains the reaction vessel 100
This is to store the hydrocarbon fuel generated in the above. As described below, in the present embodiment, hydrocarbons in both a gas state and a liquid state are generated in the reaction vessel 100. For this reason,
The tank 117 is a closed container, and has a volume and a design pressure equivalent to those of the reaction container 100. Also, as shown in FIG.
In this embodiment, a filling pipe connecting the pump 115 and the reaction vessel 100, the reaction vessel 100 and the hydrocarbon tank 11
Shut-off valves 119 and 121 are arranged in the discharge pipe connecting to. Further, a flow control valve 123 is provided on a supply pipe for supplying hydrocarbons in the tank 117 to a reformer 20 described later.

Next, a description will be given of a process of treating combustible dust in the apparatus shown in FIG. During the operation of the engine 1, the combustible waste is removed by the crusher 1.
10 together with water, pulverized by a pulverizer 110,
The particles are atomized and mixed with water in the pulverizer to form a slurry and flow into the slurry tank 113. In addition,
When the crusher 110 has a driving device independent of the engine 1, the crusher 110 is operated before starting the engine and the tank 1 is operated.
A combustible waste slurry may be stored in the storage 13. Further, the crusher 110 is not mounted on the vehicle, but the flammable trash is collected at a fueling station or the like, and the flammable trash slurry is generated and stored by a fixed crusher. It is also possible to supply a combustible waste slurry to the tank.

The combustible waste slurry stored in the slurry tank 113 is filled into the reaction vessel 100 by the pump 115 after adjusting the amount of water. That is, the pump 1
15 is operated to discharge the high-pressure slurry, and the shut-off valve 119 is opened to fill the reaction container 100 with the slurry. Although the pressure inside the container increases as the slurry is filled in the container 100, the filling of the slurry
The operation is terminated when the internal pressure becomes equal to or higher than the critical pressure of water (22 MPa), the shutoff valve 119 is closed, and the pump 1
15 is stopped. During the operation of the engine 1, the high-temperature engine exhaust flows from the exhaust passage 5 through the exhaust jacket 130 of the reaction vessel 100.
And the slurry temperature in the container 100 rises.
When the temperature of the slurry in the container becomes equal to or higher than the critical temperature of water (374 ° C.), the water in the slurry becomes a supercritical state, and becomes a highly reactive fluid. Thereby, the carbon bond of the hydrocarbon component of the combustible waste in the slurry is broken by the supercritical water, and a relatively low molecular weight hydrocarbon is generated in the container.

After processing with supercritical water in the reaction vessel 100 for a predetermined time, the hydrocarbon produced in the vessel 100 is transferred to the hydrocarbon tank 117 by opening the shutoff valve 121 of the discharge pipe. The distribution of the type (molecular weight) of hydrocarbons generated in the reaction vessel 100 varies depending on the type of combustible garbage used as a raw material and the processing time in the vessel 100. Generally, the components of the hydrocarbons generated in the reaction vessel 100 Are not uniform, and include various components such as heavy liquid hydrocarbons with relatively high molecular weight (e.g., components equivalent to heavy oil), medium to light components (equivalent to kerosene, gas oil, gasoline), gaseous hydrocarbons (methane, etc.). It is a mixture.

If the treatment time is lengthened, the proportion of light components and gas components in the produced hydrocarbons increases, so that the hydrocarbons can be used as they are as fuel for the engine 1. However, in this embodiment, since batch processing is performed, 1
The processing time is set relatively short, and the amount of processing is increased by generating hydrocarbons in both gas and liquid states.

Since the hydrocarbon tank 113 is a closed tank, the hydrocarbon transferred from the reaction vessel 100 to the tank 113 is maintained at a high pressure. Tank 1
The flow rate of the liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons stored in the tank 13 is adjusted by the flow rate adjusting valve 123 and sent to the reformer 20 described below by the pressure in the tank 113 to be reformed into gaseous fuel.

In the example shown in FIG. 3, the combustible waste slurry is pumped into the reaction vessel 100 by the high-pressure pump 115.
For example, a removable lid is provided in the reaction vessel, and the slurry whose water content has been adjusted to a low level is filled in the reaction vessel in advance at atmospheric pressure, and then the lid is closed and only water becomes pressure in the vessel equal to or higher than the critical pressure. It is also possible to pressure-feed into the reaction vessel.

In this embodiment, the batch type combustible waste fuel conversion apparatus is described. However, the combustible waste slurry is continuously charged into the pressure vessel by using a high pressure pump, and the generated hydrocarbon is continuously subjected to pressure. It is also possible to use a combustible waste fuel conversion device of a continuous processing type, which is taken out of the container. (2) Reformer Next, the reformer 20 of FIG. 1 will be described.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the components of the hydrocarbon fuel generated from the combustible waste in the fuel conversion device 10 are not uniform, and the liquid component from heavy oil to light oil and the gas component such as methane And both. For this reason, if used as it is as fuel for the engine 1, the combustion state will vary depending on the components, and the performance and exhaust properties of the engine 1 may be degraded. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the liquid hydrocarbon and the gaseous hydrocarbon generated by the fuel conversion device 10 are converted into carbon monoxide and hydrogen by the reformer 20, and the mixed gas fuel of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is used as the engine 1 To supply it.

The reformer 20 of the present embodiment has the following
Steam reforming reaction, CO_TwoReforming reaction, partial oxidation reforming reaction,
One or more of the water gas shift reactions
To convert gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons to carbon monoxide
Or convert to hydrogen. Steam reforming reaction CH_Four+ H_TwoO → CO + 3H_Two CO_TwoReforming reaction CH_Four+ CO_Two → 2CO + 2H_Two Partial oxidation reforming reaction CH_Four+ (1/2) O_Two → CO + 2H_Two Water gas shift reaction CO + H_TwoO → CO_Two + H_Two All of the above reactions are endothermic reactions, and
Heat must be supplied. In this embodiment, the reformer 20
Means to heat hydrocarbons using the exhaust heat of engine 1.
Causes the above reaction. In addition, each of the above
Response is methane (CH _Four) As an example
However, similar reactions occur in the case of other hydrocarbons.

The water vapor H ₂ O used in the above reaction is supplied from a water supply source to the variable waste fuel conversion device 10, and in this embodiment, the water vapor in the exhaust gas is condensed by the condenser 15 (FIG. 1). The recovered water is supplied from the water tank 17 to the reformer 20. Further, CO ₂ used in the above reaction and O ₂ used in the above reaction can use components in exhaust gas.

In order to generate CO and H ₂ by the above-mentioned reaction, a relatively high temperature (for example, 500 ° C. or higher) is required. Further, since carbon may be generated by coking in a low temperature state, the temperature of the exhaust gas for heating the reformer 20 is preferably as high as possible. For this reason, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the reformer 20 is installed at a position closest to the exhaust manifold 3 in the exhaust passage 5, and the reformer 20 is heated by high-temperature exhaust gas.

In this embodiment, the combustible waste fuel conversion device 10
The gas and liquid hydrocarbons generated from the combustible waste are temporarily stored in a hydrocarbon tank 117 (FIG. 2) and sent to the reformer 20 while adjusting the flow rate with the flow rate control valve 123. CO and H ₂ fuel generated by the above-described reaction in the reformer 20 are stored in a reformed gas tank 23 (FIG. 4), and from the tank 23 via a gas fuel injection valve 2 a provided in the intake manifold 2 of the engine 1. The fuel is injected into the intake manifold 2 and supplied into the cylinder.

As in the present embodiment, the hydrocarbon generated by the combustible waste fuel conversion device 10 is converted into CO, H
Switching to gaseous fuel consisting of _two has the following advantages. First, as described above, the combustible waste fuel conversion device 1
Since the hydrocarbon fuel produced at 0 contains various heavy components, if it is supplied to the engine 1 as it is, good combustion cannot always be obtained. If the treatment time in the combustible waste fuel conversion device 10 is set to be long, the heavy component of the generated fuel decreases and the amount of the light component increases, but in order to make the entire amount of the generated hydrocarbon fuel a light component, Since a considerably long processing time is required, the throughput of the fuel conversion device 10 may decrease. On the other hand, as in the present embodiment, in the combustible waste fuel conversion device 10, the processing time is reduced,
By allowing a certain amount of heavy components to remain in the produced fuel, all the hydrocarbons are converted to CO,
By converting to H ₂ gaseous fuel, the amount of refuse that can be treated by the combustible waste fuel conversion device 10 increases.

Further, since CO and H ₂ have extremely good flammability, for example, by supplying CO and H ₂ stored in the reformed gas tank 23 to the engine at the time of starting the engine, the cold start There is an advantage that the engine starting performance at a time or the like is greatly increased. Further, in the present embodiment, the exhaust of the engine 1 is purified using the catalytic converter 9. However, after starting the engine, the catalytic converter 9 cannot obtain a catalytic action until the three-way catalyst temperature reaches the activation temperature. Oxidation of HC (hydrocarbon) components, which are frequently emitted when the engine is started using ordinary fuel, may be insufficient.

On the other hand, when CO and H ₂ are used as fuel at the time of starting the engine as in the present embodiment, no HC component is generated by combustion, so that unpurified HC is released to the atmosphere. Is prevented. CO, H ₂
The components are oxidized even at a very low catalyst temperature compared to HC or the like (for example, H ₂ has a catalyst temperature of about several tens of degrees Celsius, and CO has
An oxidation reaction occurs on the catalyst even at around 00 ° C.). For this reason, CO, H ₂ that did not burn in the combustion chamber when the engine was started
When the components reach the catalytic converter 9, an oxidation reaction of these components occurs on the catalyst, and the heat of the reaction causes the temperature of the catalyst to reach an activation temperature at which oxidation of HC or the like can be performed in a short time. .

That is, as in the present embodiment, is the combustible dust?
Reforms the fuel produced from CO, H _TwoEngine 1 as fuel
To improve engine starting performance and exhaust properties.
The above can be achieved simultaneously. In addition, FIG.
Although not shown, in the present embodiment, the internal combustion engine 1 is
Outside normal operation, the vehicle is operated using gasoline fuel and
Gas only when fuel is generated by the garbage fuel converter
Combustible fuel in addition to phosphorus fuel or gasoline fuel
The engine is operated using the fuel generated from the fuel. But,
Combustible waste fuel that can produce a sufficient amount of fuel
When the device is mounted on a vehicle, it is always flammable during normal operation
It is also possible to operate the engine using fuel generated from garbage
Noh.

[0050]

According to the invention described in each of the claims, it is possible to efficiently convert combustible waste to fuel, and the generated fuel can be used immediately as engine fuel. The cost of transporting and storing waste fuel is greatly reduced. Further, if the generated fuel is further reformed to generate a gaseous fuel and the gaseous fuel is supplied to the engine, there is an effect that the starting performance and the exhaust property of the engine can be further improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a combustible waste fuel conversion device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Internal combustion engine for vehicles 5 ... Exhaust passage 10 ... Combustible waste fuel conversion apparatus 20 ... Reformer

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) F01N 5/02 F02M 31/18 F02D 19/08 B09B 3/00 304H F02M 31/18 C10L 3/00 A ( 72) Inventor Koichiro Nakatani 1 Toyota Town, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture Inside Toyota Motor Corporation (72) Inventor Takamitsu Asanma 1 Toyota Town Toyota City, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture Inside Toyota Motor Corporation (72) Inventor Tetsuya Yamashita Aichi 1 Toyota Town, Toyota Prefecture Toyota Motor Corporation F-term (reference) 3G092 AB05 AB06 AB17 FA24 4D004 AA03 AA07 AA12 AC05 BA03 CA04 CA39 CB04 CB31 CC03 4H013 AA02

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A fuel converting means disposed on a vehicle for converting combustible waste containing a hydrocarbon component into gas or liquid fuel by using heat of exhaust gas of a vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine, and a fuel generated by the fuel converting means. A supply unit for supplying the vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine, wherein the fuel generated by the fuel conversion unit is burned by the vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine. 2. The combustible waste fuel conversion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fuel conversion unit contacts the supercritical water with the combustible waste and converts the combustible waste into a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon. 3. The combustible waste fuel conversion apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the fuel conversion unit heats pressurized water with exhaust heat of the vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine to generate water in a supercritical state. 4. The fueling means includes a reaction vessel, and stores a predetermined amount of the combustible waste in the reaction vessel in advance, and contacts the supercritical water in the reaction vessel to convert the combustible waste into a gas. 4. The combustible waste fuel according to claim 2, wherein the fuel is converted into a liquid hydrocarbon, and the hydrocarbon generated after the conversion of the predetermined amount of the combustible waste to the hydrocarbon is completed is taken out of the reaction vessel. 5. Device. 5. The fuel conversion means includes a reaction vessel, continuously supplies the combustible waste to the reaction vessel, and contacts the supercritical water in the reaction vessel to convert the combustible waste into a gas or liquid. 4. The combustible waste fuel conversion device according to claim 2, wherein the device is converted into hydrocarbon and the produced hydrocarbon is continuously taken out of the reaction vessel. 5. 6. The supply means converts gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons generated by the fueling means into gaseous fuel containing at least one of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas using exhaust heat of the on-vehicle internal combustion engine. The combustible waste fuel conversion device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a reforming unit that converts the gas, and supplying the gaseous fuel generated by the reforming unit to the vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine. 7. A gas or liquid hydrocarbon supplied from a hydrocarbon supply source, which is disposed on a vehicle and is made of combustible waste, is converted into carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas using exhaust heat of a vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine. A combustible waste fuel conversion apparatus, comprising: reforming means for converting the fuel into gaseous fuel containing at least one of the following: supplying the gaseous fuel generated by the reforming means to the on-vehicle internal combustion engine for combustion. 8. The combustible waste fuel conversion apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the hydrocarbon supply source generates the hydrocarbon by bringing the combustible waste into contact with water in a supercritical state. 9. The reforming unit heats the gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon with exhaust heat of the vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine and reacts steam or carbon dioxide with the hydrocarbon to generate the gaseous fuel. The combustible waste fuel conversion device according to claim 7 or 8.