JP2003111529A - Energy-saving and water-saving plant cultivation equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [PROBLEMS] To provide a cultivation device that is movable and can use a vertical space. In addition, the adjustment of the amount of nutrient solution used and the discharge of the nutrient solution should be simplified. In addition, the medium should be easy to handle and reusable. Prevent infestation of pests. SOLUTION: The whole plant cultivation apparatus is a cart 13 with wheels.
And the movable single or multi-stage bed 1 makes use of the upper and lower spaces, enabling energy saving and water saving cultivation of plants. Further, the nutrient solution can be easily adjusted by the nutrient solution supply pipe 5 directly extending from the nutrient solution storage tank 3, and the drainage of the nutrient solution can be performed by the drain 11 attached to the bottom of the apparatus. Furthermore, the culture medium 8 was made possible by repeatedly using diatomaceous earth fired particles. In order to reduce invasion of pests and insects, the entire cultivation device was covered with an insect net.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant cultivating apparatus, in which the whole apparatus is installed on a wheeled trolley, and an upper space is utilized by a movable multi-stage cultivating bed to save energy for plants.
Water-saving cultivation is possible, pest infestation is reduced by covering with insect repellent net, the culture medium of the cultivation bed can be reused by using diatomaceous earth fired grains, the nutrient solution storage tank and the cultivation bed are integrated, and the nutrient solution storage tank The present invention relates to a simple energy-saving and water-saving plant cultivation device in which the nutrient solution can be easily adjusted with a nutrient solution supply pipe drawn from the lower part of the device and the drainage of the nutrient solution can be performed by a drain attached to the bottom of the device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In conventional cultivation of crops, cultivation work for growing crops using a nutrient solution is performed by supplying various kinds of nutrient solution to a culture medium using various mechanical devices in a facility equipped with heavy equipment. It is done by As a method of supplying the nutrient solution, usually, a pump is operated using electric power to circulate the nutrient solution between the nutrient solution tank and the cultivation bed, or a pouring method in which the nutrient solution is simply sent to the cultivation bed. Etc. are used. Further, also in a closed-type crop cultivating device, the whole device is installed in a facility such as a greenhouse, is a fixed type, and a method of adjusting a nutrient solution by a ball tap or the like is used.

[0003]

The conventional crop cultivating apparatus has some problems as described below. First, the crop cultivation device is installed as a single cultivation bed,
It is difficult to move the device and it is fixed.

Further, the height adjusting means of the nutrient solution is constituted by using a ball tap, and when the ball tap is located at a predetermined position by the buoyancy of the nutrient solution, the replenishment of the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution storage tank is cut off. It is composed of.

In the crop cultivation apparatus, a rainwater collecting plate formed in a wavy shape is arranged below the nutrient solution supply sheet in the entire bottom of the cultivation bed, and drainage ports are provided at a plurality of side surfaces of the cultivation bed so that the inside of the cultivation bed is covered. It is configured to discharge the rainwater that fell into the outside of the cultivation bed from the drainage port, and there is no discharge port for unnecessary nutrient solution.

Furthermore, the culture medium of the cultivation bed uses a PVA porous body having excellent water absorbency, which means that disposal by disposal is difficult.

In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention installs a cultivation device by moving it to a simple house, a balcony, an eaves, a laboratory, etc., and supplying a necessary amount of nutrient solution directly from the nutrient solution storage tank. It is an object of the present invention to provide a plant cultivation device capable of properly growing a plant on the medium by supplying the medium to the medium. .

[0008]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention comprises a cultivation bed having a nutrient solution supply groove at the bottom through which a nutrient solution flows, and a nutrient solution communication groove. So as to be provided adjacent to the cultivation bed, and a nutrient solution level adjusting tank having a liquid level adjusting means for controlling the nutrient solution supply groove so that a certain amount or more of the nutrient solution does not flow out, and the nutrient solution level adjusting tank. It is installed at a higher position and is arranged so as to cover the nutrient solution storage tank for replenishing the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution level adjusting tank and the entire bottom part of the cultivation bed, and a part thereof is immersed in the nutrient solution supply groove. It is characterized by comprising a water-absorbent nutrient solution supply sheet (nonwoven fabric) that sucks up the nutrient solution from the groove, and a culture medium placed above the nutrient solution supply sheet via a water-permeable sheet (root-prevention sheet). To do.

Further, in the present invention, the nutrient solution storage tank and the cultivation bed are integrated, and the liquid level height adjusting means takes in a nutrient solution supply pipe directly below the nutrient solution storage tank instead of the conventional ball tap, and the pipe thereof is provided. Is configured so as to block the replenishment of the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution storage tank when it is located at a predetermined position due to the surface resistance of the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution level adjusting tank.

Further, according to the present invention, a drain is provided at the bottom of the nutrient solution level adjusting tank so that used nutrient solution and water or dust after cleaning are discharged from the drainage port to the outside of the cultivation bed. It is a feature.

Further, according to the present invention, since the medium is diatomaceous earth calcined particles excellent in water absorption and drainage, even if it is confirmed that pests and insects are generated after use, heat treatment (steam, calcination, sunlight, etc.) is used to achieve sterilization. It is characterized in that it can be regenerated into a state and can be repeatedly used, and that even when the medium is discarded, it can be treated in the same manner as soil.

In addition, according to the present invention, pests can be controlled by covering the entire cultivation bed with an insect repellent net, a frame is attached to the cultivation apparatus to stack the cultivation beds into a multi-stage type, and the entire cultivation apparatus is moved. It is characterized by being movable by wheels.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The cultivating device can be used only in a single cultivating bed, or can be stacked and assembled in two or more steps, assembled and installed to widen a vertical space with a small installation area for a home garden on a veranda or garden. It can also be used.

A cock is attached to the lower part of the nutrient solution tank,
If the nutrient solution supply pipe is incorporated in the end of the pipe, the amount of the nutrient solution can be easily adjusted.

Further, by installing a valve at the drain port provided at the bottom of the nutrient level adjusting tank, used nutrient solution, water, dust, etc. can be passed through the valve from the drain port during cleaning of the plant after cultivation and outside the cultivation bed. It is good to discharge to. At that time, if a cheap, simple and durable filtration device is attached to the drainage port, the wastewater treatment can be facilitated.

Furthermore, since the fired particles of diatomaceous earth, which are excellent in water absorption and drainage, are used as the medium, the nutrient solution absorption of the medium through the nutrient solution supply sheet is efficiently carried out, and the plant cultivation After that, reuse can be repeated by washing with water, washing off the adhered nutrient solution, steam sterilization, firing, and sterilization with sunlight.

Further, since the entire apparatus is covered with the fine insect-proof net, it is possible to prevent the invasion of harmful insects from the outside, and it is possible to grow pesticide-free vegetables in crops.

Usually, the cultivation device is used by mounting it on a trolley, but it can also be fixed by a frame and used.

[0019]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1, a plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention includes a cultivation bed 1 for cultivating a plant with a nutrient solution, a nutrient solution level adjusting tank 2 provided adjacent to the cultivation bed 1, and a nutrient solution for plant cultivation is stored. Liquid level adjusting tank 2 to supply by gravity
It has a nutrient solution storage tank 3 installed at a higher position, and a nutrient solution supply pipe 5 connected between the nutrient solution storage tank 3 and the nutrient solution level adjusting tank 2 for supplying the nutrient solution. .

The cultivating bed 1 may be of various shapes, but is generally rectangular in cross section surrounding four sides, and the entire bed is rectangular.
The liquid level adjusting tank 2 is provided at one corner of the cultivation bed 1.

In the cultivation bed 1, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a nutrient solution supply groove 10 is formed at the bottom of the bed along the length direction thereof. The nutrient solution supply groove 10 is shown in FIG.
And as shown in FIG. 9, it directly communicates with the nutrient solution level adjusting tank 2,
The nutrient liquids entering each are configured to have the same liquid level. The nutrient solution supply tank 2 has a nutrient solution supply pipe 5 extending from the nutrient solution storage tank 3 and supplies the nutrient solution by adjusting the nutrient solution surface in a nutrient solution supply groove 10 communicating with the adjustment tank 2. Groove 1
It keeps the nutrient solution surface at a constant height so that no more than a certain amount of nutrient solution will flow out into zero.

In FIGS. 6 and 7, the nutrient solution supply sheet 6 is used.
Is made of a non-woven fabric with excellent water absorption, and is placed all over the bottom of the cultivation bed. Nutrient solution supply sheet 6
Has its one end in the nutrient solution supply groove 10 and acts so as to suck up the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply groove 10 to the entire bottom of the cultivation bed 1 by a capillary phenomenon.

A culture medium 8 is arranged above the nutrient solution supply sheet 6. The culture medium 8 is made of fired grains, for example, diatomaceous earth fired grains having excellent water absorption, and the nutrient solution is absorbed efficiently by the medium 8 via the nutrient solution supply sheet 6. In addition, in order to prevent the roots of the plant from extending to the nutrient solution supply sheet 6 and the nutrient solution supply groove 10, a root-preventing sheet 7 having the property of allowing liquid to pass through but not the root of the plant is laid on the bottom and side surfaces of the medium 8. Has been. The medium 8 sucks up the nutrient solution that has passed through the nutrient solution supply sheet 6 and the root preventive sheet 7 to the upper surface of the medium and supports the plants planted in the medium 8.

Furthermore, in the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 4, 8 and 9, a drain 11 is provided at the bottom of the nutrient solution level adjusting tank. The drain 11 is normally closed, and used nutrient solution, water and dust after cleaning the adjusting tank are discharged from the drain 11 to the outside of the cultivation bed.

Further, a frame 12 is attached so as to surround the entire plant cultivating apparatus, and the frame 12 enables stacking of multi-stage plant cultivating apparatuses.

Further, by covering the outside of the frame 12 of the plant cultivating device with a fine insect net (net) and covering the entire device with an insect net, it is possible to minimize the invasion of harmful insects from the outside. In, it is possible to grow vegetables without pesticides.

The operation of the plant cultivating apparatus of the present invention will be described below with respect to the supply and flow of the nutrient solution. The nutrient solution for cultivating the plant is gravity fed from the nutrient solution storage tank 3 installed at a position higher than the cultivation bed 1 through the nutrient solution supply pipe 5 to the nutrient solution adjusting tank 2 arranged at one corner of the cultivation bed 1. Pour in. The inflow of the nutrient solution into the nutrient solution level adjusting tank 2 is blocked by the tip of the nutrient solution supply pipe 5 when it reaches a predetermined solution level. on the other hand,
When the nutrient solution becomes lower than the predetermined liquid level, the cutoff is released, and the nutrient solution is supplied again until the predetermined liquid surface is reached.

Since the nutrient solution level adjusting tank 2 and the nutrient solution supply groove 10 provided at the bottom of the cultivation bed 1 are directly connected, the nutrient solution contained in the nutrient solution level adjusting tank 2 enters the nutrient solution supply groove 10. Pour in.
The liquid level in the nutrient level adjusting tank 2 and the liquid level in the nutrient supply groove 10 are
The height is always the same, and the predetermined liquid surface in the nutrient solution adjusting tank 2 is the liquid surface immediately before the nutrient solution overflows from the nutrient solution supply groove 10.

The nutrient solution that has entered the nutrient solution supply groove 10 is sucked up by the nutrient solution supply sheet 6 due to a capillary phenomenon, passes through the root preventive sheet 7, reaches the medium 8, and is absorbed by plants. The water of the excess nutrient solution which is not absorbed by the plant evaporates from the surface of the medium 8.

As described above, the roots of the plant cannot enter the nutrient solution supply sheet 6 and the nutrient solution supply groove 10 below the sheet by the root preventive sheet 7, so that the inside of the nutrient solution supply sheet 6 and the nutrient solution supply groove 10 can be prevented. The fertilizer balance of the nutrient solution is kept relatively close to the balance at the time of adjustment, and the nutrient solution having a good fertilizer balance at the time of nutrient solution adjustment can always be supplied to the medium 8.

[0031]

According to the plant cultivating apparatus of the present invention, the cultivating apparatus can cultivate a plant utilizing a space by using a single cultivating bed or a multi-stage cultivating bed having two or more stages.

The amount of the nutrient solution can be easily adjusted with the nutrient solution supply pipe drawn directly from the nutrient solution storage tank.

Further, since the drain is provided at the bottom of the nutrient level adjusting tank, the nutrient solution which is no longer needed in the cultivation device can be discharged from the drain, and the inside of the nutrient level adjusting tank is drained and cleaned. It is also convenient to do. In addition, the waste liquid about once a year can be treated by directly sprinkling it on the soil, but if it is separately passed through a filtration device, the environmental load can be greatly reduced.

Since the fired particles having excellent water absorption and drainage are used as the medium, the nutrient solution can be efficiently absorbed into the medium through the nutrient solution supply sheet.

Further, since the whole apparatus is covered with the insect net, the invasion of harmful insects can be minimized.

A detachable frame is attached to the cultivating device and stacked to enable a multi-stage system. The frame can be used for attaching an insect repellent net or supporting a plant.

The entire apparatus was installed on a wheeled trolley to enable a wide range of movement. In addition, when the dolly is unnecessary, it can be removed and fixed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an entire plant cultivation device.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a single unit of the plant cultivation device.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a dolly on which the plant cultivation device is installed.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a plurality of (two-tiered) plant cultivation devices.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a trolley for installing a plurality of (two-tiered) plant cultivation devices.

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a single unit of the plant cultivation device.

FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a plurality of plants (two-stage stacking).

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a single unit of the plant cultivation device.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a plurality of (two-tiered) plant cultivation devices.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 cultivation bed 2 Liquid level adjusting tank 3 nutrient solution storage tank 4 cooks 5 nutrient solution supply pipe 6 nutrient solution supply sheet 7 Root sheet 8 medium 9 Bed bottom 10 nutrient solution supply groove 11 drain 12 frames 13 dolly 14 wheels 15 dividers

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Hirochika Ikema             17-6 Okawa, Ishigaki City, Okinawa Prefecture (72) Inventor Katsuto Shimajiri             Ishigaki City, Okinawa Prefecture 911 Tonojo, Ishigaki No.4 House             2-208 F term (reference) 2B314 MA33 NA05 NA14 NA19 NA32                       NC07 ND03 ND07 ND25 ND30                       PB18 PB64 PC03

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A single cultivation bed or a multi-stage cultivation bed having two or more upper and lower tiers can be used to cultivate plants utilizing the upper space of each, and the cultivation bed and the nutrient solution storage tank are integrally provided to provide a nutrient solution storage tank. The nutrient solution amount is adjusted by the nutrient solution supply pipe drawn from the tank to the cultivation bed side, the nutrient solution is discharged by the drain attached to the bottom of the device, and the culture bed medium is repeatedly used by using diatomaceous earth fired grains. In addition, by covering the entire device with a net, the invasion of pests can be reduced, and a frame can be provided outside the device to enable multi-tiered stacking of cultivation beds. An energy-saving and water-saving plant cultivation device characterized by being movable. 2. The energy-saving and water-saving type according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation bed is used in a single stage or in multiple stages of two or more stages, and the vertical space is utilized in a small installation area for energy-saving and water-saving cultivation. Plant cultivation equipment. 3. The height of the nutrient solution surface can be adjusted by integrating the nutrient solution storage tank and the cultivation bed, and the nutrient solution supply pipe drawn from the lower portion of the nutrient solution storage tank into the nutrient solution level adjusting tank communicating with the cultivation bed. The energy-saving and water-saving plant cultivation device according to claim 1 or 2. 4. The energy-saving and water-saving plant cultivating apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the drainage is discharged by a drain attached to the bottom of a nutrient solution level adjusting tank communicating with the cultivating bed. 5. The energy-saving method according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that a diatomaceous earth calcined grain which is easy to absorb and discharge a nutrient solution and which can be reused is used as a culture medium for a cultivation bed.
Water-saving plant cultivation device. 6. A pest-free invasion is minimized by covering the entire device with an insect-proof net that can be attached to and detached from the frame, and pesticide-free plants and crops can be cultivated. The energy-saving and water-saving plant cultivation device described in 2, 3, 4 or 5. 7. A frame attached to the outside of the device enables stacking of a single cultivation bed, and the frame is used for attaching insect repellent nets and supporting plants. The energy-saving and water-saving plant cultivation device according to 3, 4, 5 or 6. 8. The moving wheel is provided with a lock function to enable movement of the entire apparatus and fixation at a desired position, according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7. Energy-saving and water-saving plant cultivation equipment.