JP2003299281A - Rotating electric machine and hybrid vehicle using the rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Problem] To provide a rotating electric machine capable of changing the number of pole pairs to 1: 1 without using an exciting coil, and a hybrid vehicle using the rotating electric machine. SOLUTION: In a rotary electric machine in which an inner rotor and an outer rotor are arranged coaxially and a stator is arranged between these two rotors, the inner rotor and the outer rotor have different pole pairs, and the rotor having the smaller pole pairs has a smaller number of pole pairs. A pole pair variable mechanism for increasing the number of pole pairs to make the number of pole pairs of the inner rotor and the outer rotor equal. The pole-pair variable mechanism is configured such that the field of the rotor that changes the pole-pair is constituted by a permanent magnet, one field pole is divided into a plurality of pieces, and every other divided magnet is rotated by 180 degrees by a magnet inversion mechanism. The number of pole pairs was increased by inversion.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a rotary electric machine,
In particular, the present invention relates to a rotating electric machine in which an inner rotor and an outer rotor are coaxially arranged and a stator is arranged between the two rotors. The present invention also relates to a hybrid vehicle using such a rotating electric machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a rotary electric machine having two rotors as described above, synchronous magnetic coupling operation can be performed by setting the pole pair ratio of the inner rotor and the outer rotor to 1: 1. Such a rotary electric machine is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
No. 01-275396. In this conventional rotating electric machine, permanent magnets are arranged with a pole pair number of inner rotor: outer rotor = 1: 1, and an exciting coil is arranged on any of the rotors. When asynchronous operation is desired, a current is supplied to this exciting coil. The number of pole pairs of the rotor on which the exciting coil is arranged is increased to increase the number of pole pairs.

[0003]

In the conventional rotary electric machine as described above, the magnet pole pair number ratio is 1: 1 and the exciting coil is excited when the number of pole pairs is changed. There is a problem that copper loss occurs at the time of excitation and efficiency is reduced.

Further, as disclosed in the above-cited publications, the mode in which the pole pair number ratio is 1: 1 is limited to the synchronous operation, that is, when the inner rotor and the outer rotor have the same speed. There is. In applications such as HEV (hybrid vehicle) in which one rotor is connected to the engine and the other rotor is connected to the transmission, the outer rotor and the inner rotor often have different speeds. When the conventional technique is used, the exciting coil must be energized in many cases, and there is a problem that efficiency is deteriorated.

Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a rotary electric machine capable of changing the number of pole pairs to 1: 1 without using an exciting coil, and a hybrid using the rotary electric machine. The purpose is to provide a vehicle.

[0006]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotating electric machine in which an inner rotor and an outer rotor are coaxially arranged, and a stator is arranged between these two rotors. The outer rotor has a different number of pole pairs, and the number of pole pairs of the rotor having the smaller number of pole pairs is increased to provide a variable pole pair number mechanism for making the number of pole pairs of the inner rotor and the outer rotor the same.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the pole pair number changing mechanism is configured such that the field of the rotor for changing the number of pole pairs is a permanent magnet, and the field pole of one pole is formed. The present invention is characterized in that a plurality of divided magnets are arranged so that every other divided magnet is reversed by 180 degrees by a magnet reversing mechanism to increase the number of pole pairs.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect of the present invention, a magnet for inverting the magnet reversing mechanism is embedded in a cylindrical rotor member, and the cylindrical rotor member including the magnet is a rotor. The magnet has a rod-shaped member that rotates independently of the whole and has the cylindrical rotor member integrated with a pin hole, and a hydraulic cylinder inserts and removes a pin installed at the tip of the cylinder into the pin hole. It is characterized in that it is configured to control the rotation of the.

A fourth invention according to claim 4 is the first and second inventions.
Alternatively, a hybrid vehicle using the rotating electric machine according to the third aspect of the invention is characterized in that one of the outer rotor and the inner rotor is connected to an output shaft of the engine, and the other is connected to a transmission mechanism.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the fourth aspect of the present invention, the variable pole pair number mechanism drives the inner rotor and the outer rotor with the same number of pole pairs at the time of start and high speed cruising. To do.

A sixth invention according to claim 6 is the first and second inventions.
Alternatively, in a hybrid vehicle using the rotating electric machine of the third invention, one of the outer rotor and the inner rotor is connected to an engine through a clutch, and the other is connected to the speed change mechanism, and the clutch is disengaged. In this case, the pole pair number varying mechanism drives the inner rotor and the outer rotor with the same number of pole pairs.

[0012]

According to the first invention, by changing the number of pole pairs of the inner rotor, the number of pole pairs is different (for example, the pole pair ratio of the inner rotor and the outer rotor is 1: 2).
Asynchronous operation and synchronous magnetic coupling operation with the same number of pole pairs (that is, the pole pair ratio of the inner rotor and the outer rotor is 1: 1) are possible.

According to the second aspect of the invention, since the field magnet is entirely made up of permanent magnets, it is not necessary to pass a current necessary for the field magnet, so that the loss is reduced. Also, by disposing one pole of the magnetic pole of the inner rotor in advance and reversing the polarity of only every other magnet divided into a plurality, it is possible to increase the number of pole pairs and cause loss. First without
The effect of the invention can be obtained.

According to the third invention, the rotation control of the magnet can be performed without providing electric parts such as a sensor.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, by configuring as a hybrid vehicle, it is possible to move the engine at a highly efficient operating point irrespective of vehicle speed and required driving force when traveling, so that fuel consumption can be improved. .

According to the fifth aspect of the invention, a large starting torque can be obtained by generating the engine torque + the rotating electric machine torque on the axle by making the number of pole pairs of both rotors the same at the time of starting, and also the number of pole pairs at the time of high speed cruising. By making
The engine can be driven at a point of good engine efficiency, and the loss can be reduced by not energizing the rotating electric machine.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to operate as an electric vehicle by disengaging the engine and the rotating electric machine with the clutch, and the magnet amount of the rotating electric machine is equivalently increased by making the number of pole pairs the same. Since it is the same as what was done, it is possible to drive with a larger torque as compared with the case where the number of pole pairs is different.

[0018]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings by way of examples. Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements. Figure 1
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a rotating electric machine according to the present invention.
The rotating electric machine 100 includes an inner rotor 7, a stator 1, and an outer rotor which are attached to the inner rotor shaft 9 from the inside in a concentric manner on a central axis C of the inner rotor shaft 9 (which is also the central axis of the rotating electric machine). The outer rotor 8 attached to the shaft 10 has a multiple rotor structure arranged in this order, and the stator 1 located between the two rotors of the outer rotor 8 and the inner rotor 7 has a stator core 2 and a stator core 2 as an axis. And a bracket 5 which is sandwiched and supported from both sides in the direction. The bolt 6 penetrates the holes provided in the bracket 5 and the stator core 2 and fixes these members to form the stator 1. The stator core 2 is divided into a plurality of stator pieces arranged in the circumferential direction, a coil is wound around each stator piece, and each stator piece is formed by laminating a plurality of stator steel plates. Magnet rotating mechanism 12 attached to the magnet of the inner rotor 7.
Rotates a part of the magnet of the inner rotor 7.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the rotating electric machine according to the present invention. The state in this figure is the asynchronous operation mode. Outer magnets 10 are embedded in the outer rotor 8, and these magnets are arranged such that adjacent magnets have opposite polarities. The inner rotor 7 is embedded with a plurality of sets of linearly arranged inner magnets 11a and 11b. One of the two inner magnets (11b in this example)
A magnet rotating mechanism as shown in FIG. 1 is provided to enable rotation. The inner magnets 11a that do not rotate are adjacent to each other.
Arrange them so that they are opposite to each other. In the state of this figure, the polarities of each pair of rotating inner magnets 11b are
It has the same polarity as the inner magnet 11a that does not rotate. Further, when the rotatable magnets are arranged so as to be adjacent to each other and the rotatable magnets are rotated by 180 degrees, the polarities of the adjacent magnets are reversed. In the state of FIG. 2, since the inner magnets of each set have the same polarity, they can be regarded as one magnet. Therefore, the pole-pair ratio of the inner rotor and the outer rotor is
It is 1: 2.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the arrangement of magnetic poles after rotating the rotatable magnets (11b in FIG. 2) in each set of inner magnets in the same rotary electric machine as in FIG. The state of this figure is a synchronous magnetic coupling operation mode. The rotation angle is 180 degrees. Due to such rotation of the inner magnets, the magnetism is reversed between the adjacent magnets, and as a result, the number of pole pairs is double that in the state of FIG. In this example, the two-pole pair in the arrangement of FIG. 2 before the rotation of the inner magnet becomes the four-pole pair in the arrangement of FIG. 3 after the rotation of the inner magnet. In the state of FIG. 3, the pole pair number ratio of the inner rotor and the outer rotor is 1: 1.

Here, the synchronous magnetic coupling operation means
The two rotors are magnetically coupled and rotate at the same speed. The magnetic coupling mentioned here is a magnetic attraction force or a magnetic repulsion force. In the case of a rotary electric machine in which the inner rotor and the outer rotor are coaxially arranged, the outer rotor and the inner rotor have the same rotational speed.For example, when the outer rotor is rotated by an external force, the inner rotor is attracted to the outer rotor. Rotate at the same speed. On the other hand, the asynchronous operation means, for example, in the above example, the operating state (speed, torque) of the inner rotor moves regardless of the outer rotor. In the synchronous magnetic coupling operation, it is not necessary to supply a current matching both rotors to the stator, and the rotating electrical machine loss can be reduced as compared with the case where the synchronous operation is required in the configuration having different pole pairs.

It is possible to change the number of pole pairs of the outer rotor in order to change the number of pole pairs of the inner rotor and the outer rotor. However, since the outer rotor has a longer circumference than the inner rotor, the number of pole pairs is large. It is common to increase the utilization rate of magnets. Therefore, in the rotating electric machine according to the present invention, the number of pole pairs of the outer rotor is larger than the number of pole pairs of the inner rotor, which is more suitable for downsizing and higher efficiency of the rotating electric machine. When the number of pole pairs of the inner rotor is equal to that of the outer rotor, it is necessary to reduce the number of pole pairs of the outer rotor when the number of pole pairs of the outer rotor is large. However, when the number of pole pairs is reduced by reversing the magnets of the outer rotor, the area occupied by one pole of the outer rotor becomes extremely wider than the width of the stator, and the influence of one pole on the stators on both sides of the stator also increases.
Torque ripple increases. In addition, the angle of the outer one pole as viewed from the inner one pole becomes wider, and the inner rotor magnetic pole 1
There is a problem that the back side of the pole and the outer rotor magnetic pole repel each other, making it difficult to synchronize the inner rotor and the outer rotor (because a counter torque is generated). Further, if the magnetomotive force of one pole of the magnet of the outer rotor is confined by some method, there is a problem that the utilization factor of the magnet is reduced and the synchronous torque is reduced. On the other hand, when the number of pole pairs is increased by rotating the magnet of the inner rotor, the magnet of the inner rotor does not become too wide with respect to the stator width, and the utilization factor of the magnet does not change, so the number of pole pairs of the outer rotor does not change. The problem does not occur when you reduce. Therefore, it is desirable to change (increase) the number of pole pairs of the inner rotor. Further, by increasing the number of pole pairs of the inner rotor, the number of stator flux linkages per pole pair can be reduced without lowering the output, so that the number of flux linkages from the inner rotor magnet to the outer rotor magnet is reduced. Decrease, iron loss decreases. Further, although the description has been given based on an example in which the pole pair number ratio of the inner rotor and the outer rotor is changed from 1: 2 to 1: 1, the inner magnet is divided into finer parts and rotated every other one. If so, it is possible to change the number of pole pairs different from 1: 2 such as 1: 3 to 1: 1.

FIG. 4 shows a rotary electric machine similar to that shown in FIG.
It is sectional drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of a magnetic pole when the rotation angle is set to other than 180 degrees. Thus, after rotation (ie
The magnetic pole distribution (in the pole pair number matching mode) may be made as uniform as possible. In this case, the angle setting is
Positioning pins of the rotating mechanism, which will be described later, are set in advance so as to have a predetermined angle.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view for explaining a magnet rotating mechanism in an embodiment of the rotating electric machine according to the present invention. In this figure, only the inner rotor 7 and the stator 1 are shown, and the outer rotor is omitted. The rotatable magnet 11b of the inner rotor 7 has a rod 2 with a hole in the axial direction.
0 is connected, and the rotation stop pin 2 is attached to the tip of this rod.
7 is attached. The inner rotor 7 is provided with a cylinder 23, and the cylinder 23 has a pin 21.
And the oil passage 26 are connected to each other, and the pin 21 is pulled back toward the cylinder 23 by the spring 24 when there is no hydraulic pressure from the oil passage 26. When hydraulic pressure is applied from the oil passage 26, the pin 21 is inserted into the hole formed in the rod 20 and stops the rotation of the magnet 11b. If the hydraulic pressure is reduced, the pin 21 inserted in the hole
Is pulled back by the spring 24, the pin 21 comes out of the hole, and the magnet 11b is opened. Positioning is necessary because the pin 21 must be inserted when the magnet 11b rotates and reaches a predetermined position, but this positioning is performed by the detent pin 27 and the detent 25. In other words, when the magnet 11b rotates, when the predetermined position is reached, the detent pin 27 hits the detent 25 and the position is fixed, so the magnet 11b cannot rotate any more and stands still. At that time, if hydraulic pressure is applied and the pin 21 is inserted, the magnet 11
b is fixed.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view for explaining another example of the magnet rotating mechanism. In this example, instead of inserting the pin 21 into the hole of the rod 20 and fixing the magnet 11b, the brake 2
8 is used to sandwich and fix the rod 20.

The principle of rotation of the magnet in the magnet rotating mechanism will be described. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the rotation principle of the magnet. The rotor rotating torque of the permanent magnet rotating electric machine is generated by the attractive force of the magnet. In this figure, pay attention to the magnet 11b with an arrow. In this state, the magnet 11
b is the north pole. If the stator is excited to the S pole,
The N pole magnet 11b is attracted. At this time, the magnet 1
A torque in the arrow direction is generated in 1b, and this torque tends to rotate the inner rotor 7. Here, the magnet 11b
Is freely rotatable, the torque generated in the magnet 11b is not converted into the rotation torque of the inner rotor 7, and the magnet 11b rotates. Rotation of the rotated magnet 11b is stopped by the above-described detent mechanism, the pin 21 is fixed by entering the hole of the rod 20 (or the brake 28 sandwiches the rod 20), and the force received by the magnet 11b is It is converted into the rotation torque of the inner rotor 7.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the present invention configured as a hybrid vehicle. Rotating electric machine 10
The outer rotor 8 of 0 is connected to the engine 31, and the inner rotor 7 is connected to the transmission 32. The transmission 32 is connected to the axle 33. In the synchronous coupling operation mode, the outer rotor 8 is rotated by the engine 30, the outer rotor 8 rotates, the inner rotor 7 rotates via the magnetic coupling, and the axle 33 rotates. If a torque current for the inner rotor 7 is applied to the stator 1, the torque of the axle 33 becomes the engine torque + the inner rotor generated torque, which can serve as a torque converter and reduce the fuel usage rate. The synchronous magnetic coupling operation mode (pole number matching mode) is used, for example, at the time of starting and at the time of high-speed cruising. At the time of starting, in addition to the magnetic coupling, if the electric current for the inner rotor 7 and the outer rotor 8 (in this case, a single electric current) is passed through the stator 1, the transmission 31 is given the engine torque + rotary electric machine torque. , A large driving force can be obtained. If the magnetic coupling is not used, the sum of the engine torque and the rotating electric machine torque cannot be output.
Further, during high speed cruising, no current is passed through the stator 1 and the engine torque is transmitted to the outer rotor 8 and is transmitted to the transmission 32 as it is via the inner rotor 7 by the magnetic coupling. When the magnetic coupling is not used as in the conventional case, it is necessary to energize the rotating electric machine, and the loss increases. In the traveling states other than the start and the high-speed cruise, the magnetic coupling is not used, and the inner rotor 7 and the outer rotor 8 operate independently (drive and generate electricity) in the asynchronous operation mode to obtain the optimum fuel economy of the engine 31. Drive in points. It is not always necessary to use the transmission 32.

FIG. 9 shows the asynchronous operation mode (pole pair number ratio 1: 2) in the hybrid vehicle of the present invention shown in FIG.
It is a flowchart explaining switching to a synchronous coupling operation mode (pole number ratio 1: 1). Step S1
At 01, the required driving force is calculated. Next, in step S102, it is determined whether or not the required driving force can be satisfied at the current engine operating point. For example, if the insufficient driving force is compensated by the assist torque of the rotating electric machine at the time of starting, the process proceeds to step S103 with "No" to check the engine operating point. Here, if the engine operating point is not appropriate (for example, not at the optimum fuel consumption point), step S10
In step 5, the engine operating point is changed, and the process returns to step S101 to calculate the driving force. However, if the engine operating point is appropriate, it is necessary to supplement the necessary driving force with the rotary electric machine cyst torque. In the ring operation mode, the number of pole pairs of the inner rotor and the outer rotor are made to match, magnetic coupling is used, and a current for the inner rotor 7 and the outer rotor 8 is made to flow through the stator 1 to obtain engine torque + rotary electric machine torque. It is generated as a driving force. In addition, when cruising at high speed, step S
At 102, the answer is “yes” and the process proceeds to step S104. If the vehicle speed is equal to or higher than the predetermined speed, the process proceeds to step S107 to enter the synchronous coupling operation mode. In this case as well, although the engine speed and the rotating electric machine speed are the same due to the magnetic coupling, no current is supplied to the stator. That is, the state is equivalent to lockup. Step S10
In the case of other traveling state in which the vehicle speed is less than the predetermined speed in 4,
In step S106, the normal mode is entered, and in the asynchronous operation mode in which the number of pole pairs of the inner rotor 7 and the outer rotor 8 does not match (that is, the pole pair ratio is 1: 2 in this example), both rotors rotate independently, To drive.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the hybrid vehicle according to the present invention. In addition to the configuration of FIG. 9, a clutch 36 is arranged between the outer rotor 8 of the rotary electric machine 100 and the engine 31. In this case, the engine 31 can be stopped and the rotating electric machine 100 can drive only when a large torque is required at the time of starting and at a low speed.
Furthermore, since the amount of magnet is the sum of the inner rotor 7 and the outer rotor 8 due to the magnetic coupling, a large torque can be output.

FIG. 11 shows an asynchronous operation mode (pole pair ratio 1: 2) in the hybrid vehicle of the present invention shown in FIG.
And a synchronous coupling operation mode (pole-pair number ratio 1: 1). In step S201, it is determined whether the clutch is disengaged, and if disengaged, the process proceeds to step S202. That is,
In this example, when the clutch installed between the engine and the rotary electric machine is disengaged, it is determined whether the number of pole pairs is matched. In step S202, the required driving force is calculated. Next, in step S203, it is determined whether the required driving force can be satisfied only by the output torque of the one rotor connected to the output shaft. If yes, step S
The process proceeds to 205 and the vehicle continues to run in the asynchronous operation mode.
If not satisfied, the process proceeds to step S204, the synchronous coupling operation mode is entered, the number of pole pairs is made coincident, and the magnetic fluxes of both rotors are used together to increase the driving force and satisfy the required driving force.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a rotary electric machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the rotating electric machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an arrangement of magnetic poles after rotating a magnet.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of magnetic poles when the rotation angle is other than 180 degrees.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating a magnet rotation mechanism.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view illustrating another example of the magnet rotation mechanism.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the rotation principle of a magnet.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention configured as a hybrid vehicle.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of driving mode switching in the hybrid vehicle of FIG.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of the present invention configured as a hybrid vehicle.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart for switching a driving mode in the hybrid vehicle of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 stator 2 Stator core 4 Outer rotor shaft 5 bracket 6 bolts 7 Inner rotor 8 outer rotor 9 Inner rotor shaft 10 Outer magnet 11a, 11b Inner magnet 12 Magnet rotation mechanism 20 sticks 21 pin 23 cylinders 24 spring 25 detent 26 oil passage 27 Non-rotating pin 28 brakes 31 engine 32 transmission 33 axles 36 clutch 100 rotating electric machine

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued Front Page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification Code FI Theme Coat (Reference) B60L 11/14 B60L 11/14 H02K 1/22 ZHV H02K 1/22 ZHVA 16/02 16/02 21/12 21/12 MF term (reference) 5H002 AA09 AB07 AE08 5H115 PA11 PG04 PI16 PU01 PU21 PU28 SE03 SE08 TR04 UI32 5H621 BB02 GA12 HH01 JK01 JK03 5H622 AA03 CA02 CA10 CB01 CB06 PP03

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A rotary electric machine in which an inner rotor and an outer rotor are coaxially arranged, and a stator is arranged between these two rotors, and the inner rotor and the outer rotor have different numbers of pole pairs, and the rotor having a smaller number of pole pairs. The rotating electric machine is characterized by comprising a pole-pair number varying mechanism for increasing the number of pole pairs to make the number of pole pairs of the inner rotor and the outer rotor the same. 2. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the pole pair number changing mechanism is configured such that a field of a rotor for changing the number of pole pairs is composed of a permanent magnet, and one field pole is divided into a plurality of pieces.
Every other divided magnet is replaced by a magnet reversing mechanism.
A rotating electric machine characterized by being configured to increase the number of pole pairs by reversing it by 0 degree. 3. The rotating electric machine according to claim 2, wherein the magnet reversing mechanism has a magnet for reversing embedded in a cylindrical rotor member, and the cylindrical rotor member including the magnet includes:
It has a rod-shaped member that rotates independently of the entire rotor and has the cylindrical rotor member integrated with it, and a hydraulic cylinder has a pin installed at the tip of the cylinder that is inserted into or removed from the pin hole. A rotating electric machine characterized by being configured to control the rotation of a magnet. 4. A hybrid vehicle using the rotating electric machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein one of the outer rotor and the inner rotor is connected to an output shaft of an engine and the other is connected to a transmission mechanism. A hybrid vehicle characterized by being connected. 5. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the variable pole pair number mechanism drives the inner rotor and the outer rotor with the same number of pole pairs at the time of starting and at high speed cruising. 6. A hybrid vehicle using the rotating electric machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein one of the outer rotor and the inner rotor is connected to an engine via a clutch, and the other is connected to the engine. A hybrid vehicle, wherein the variable pole pair number mechanism drives the inner rotor and the outer rotor with the same number of pole pairs when the clutch is disengaged while being connected to a speed change mechanism.