JP2004002370A - Drug for preventing and treating severe sepsis - Google Patents
Drug for preventing and treating severe sepsis Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004002370A JP2004002370A JP2003102532A JP2003102532A JP2004002370A JP 2004002370 A JP2004002370 A JP 2004002370A JP 2003102532 A JP2003102532 A JP 2003102532A JP 2003102532 A JP2003102532 A JP 2003102532A JP 2004002370 A JP2004002370 A JP 2004002370A
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- MZJHJPJCEZQPQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)sulfamoyl]-3-phenylcyclohexene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCC1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F MZJHJPJCEZQPQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QUXKSZOGCGTJHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[(2-fluorophenyl)sulfamoyl]cyclohexene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CCCCC1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1F QUXKSZOGCGTJHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEQWYLUMRGXQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[(3,5-difluorophenyl)sulfamoyl]cyclohexene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CCCCC1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC(F)=CC(F)=C1 XEQWYLUMRGXQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXYYJORRLSAGMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfamoyl]cyclohexene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CCCCC1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=CC(F)=C1 LXYYJORRLSAGMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOLZBTCZZRODHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)sulfamoyl]cyclohexene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CCCCC1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1Cl AOLZBTCZZRODHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKVCXFAANICNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-methylsulfamoyl]cyclohexene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CCCCC1S(=O)(=O)N(C)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1F KKVCXFAANICNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、誘導型一酸化窒素合成酵素由来一酸化窒素(NO)産生抑制作用および/またはTNF−α、IL−1、IL−6などの炎症性サイトカインの産生抑制作用を有するシクロアルケン誘導体の、セプシス、特に重症セプシスの予防治療薬としての新規用途に関するものである。本発明はまた、シクロアルケン誘導体を含む非ペプチド性化合物のTLRシグナル阻害作用およびそれに基づく各種疾患の予防治療薬としての新規用途に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一酸化窒素(NO)は、哺乳動物の生体内で様々な生理的な活性を担っていることが報告されている。基本的には、NOはNO合成酵素(NOS)によりL−アルギニンから生成される。現在のところ、NOSには、遺伝子的に神経型NOS、血管内皮型NOS、誘導型(inducible)NOS(iNOS)の3種のアイソフォームの存在が明らかにされている(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。
【0003】
このうちiNOSは、各種サイトカインや細菌性リポ多糖類(LPS)などにより、マクロファージ、好中球などで誘導され、大量のNOを持続的に産生するため、上述の生理的な活性のみならず、産生局所で細胞および組織に傷害的に作用することが指摘されており(例えば、非特許文献2参照)、iNOSを発現する細胞・組織で産生されたNOが多くの疾患や病態に関与することが報告されていることから、iNOS誘導細胞からのNO産生を抑制する物質は、そのような種々の疾患の有効な予防治療薬として期待されている。
【0004】
一方、TNF−α、IL−1、IL−6などのサイトカインは、単球・マクロファージ、リンパ球、好中球、線維芽細胞、血管内皮細胞などの種々の細胞から分泌され、炎症を基本にした生体防御・免疫機構に広くかかわる(例えば、非特許文献3参照)ことから、炎症性サイトカインと呼称される。しかしながら、これらサイトカインも過剰産生や不適切な場・時での産生は、生体にとって不都合をもたらし、例えば、原虫・細菌・真菌・ウイルス・癌などによる悪液質、アレルギー疾患、慢性関節リウマチ、膿瘍、移植片拒絶反応、貧血、動脈硬化、自己免疫疾患、糖尿病、中枢神経系疾患、炎症性腸疾患、心疾患、肝炎、肝硬変、腎炎、骨粗鬆症、乾癬、セプティックショックなどの種々の疾患に、これらのサイトカインの関与していることが明らかにされている。さらに、これらのサイトカインの産生を抑制する物質や拮抗する物質などが、これら疾患の治療薬となり得ることが記載されている(例えば、非特許文献4〜8参照)。
【0005】
特許文献1には、(i)式:
【化19】
[式中、Rは置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい複素環基、式:−OR1(式中、R1は水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基または式:
【化20】
(式中、R1bは水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を、R1cはR1bと同一または異なって、水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基を示し、
R0は水素原子または脂肪族炭化水素基を示すか、あるいはR1とR0は一緒になって結合手を形成し、
環Aは(1)置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、(2)置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、(3)式:−OR11(式中、R11は水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基および(4)ハロゲン原子から選ばれる1〜4個で置換されたシクロアルケンを示し、Arは置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基を示し、
式:
【化21】
で表される基は、式:
【化22】
で表される基を示し、
nは1〜4の整数を示す。]で表される化合物、および
【0006】
(ii)式:
【化23】
[式中、Raは置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい複素環基、式:−OR1a(式中、R1aは水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基または式:
【化24】
(式中、R4aおよびR5aは同一または異なって、水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基を示し、
R0aは水素原子または脂肪族炭化水素基を示すか、あるいはRaとR0aは一緒になって結合手を形成し、
Araは置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基を示し、
式:
【化25】
で表される基は、式:
【化26】
で表される基を示し、
nは1〜4の整数を示す。]で表される化合物、これらの化合物の塩並びにこれらのプロドラッグが、
【0007】
また、特許文献2には、式:
【化27】
[式中、R1は置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい複素環基、式:−OR1a(式中、R1aは水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基または式:
【化28】
(式中、R1bおよびR1cは同一または異なって、水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基を示し、
Xはメチレン基、NH、硫黄原子または酸素原子を示し、
Yは置換基を有していてもよいメチレン基または置換基を有していてもよいNHを示し、
環Aは(1)置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、(2)置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、(3)式:−OR2(式中、R2は水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基および(4)ハロゲン原子からなる群より選ばれる1乃至4個の置換基を有していてもよい5ないし8員環を示し、
Arは置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基を示し、
式:
【化29】
で表される基は式:
【化30】
で表される基を示し、
mは0乃至2の整数を示し、
nは1乃至3の整数を示し、
mとnの和は4以下である;
ただし、Xがメチレン基の場合、Yは置換基を有していてもよいメチレン基を示す。]で表される化合物またはその塩あるいはそのプロドラッグが、一酸化窒素(NO)産生抑制作用およびTNF−α、IL−1、IL−6などの炎症性サイトカイン産生抑制作用を有しており、心疾患、自己免疫疾患、炎症性疾患、中枢神経系疾患、感染性疾患、セプシス、セプティックショックなどの疾患の予防・治療剤として有用であることが、それぞれ記載されている。しかしながら、これらの化合物が、発症後相当時間を経過したセプシス、特に、臓器不全、低灌流や低血圧等を伴う重症セプシスの発症後においても、治療効果を示すか否かについては何ら示唆されていない。また、これらの化合物の詳細な作用メカニズムについても明らかにされていない。
【0008】
近年、NOやサイトカインなどの炎症性メディエーターに関する情報の蓄積が進み、生命現象における複雑なネットワークの役割が解明されてきた。侵襲に対する反応においても種々のメディエーターが重要な役割を果たしていることが明らかになっている。従来、微生物とその毒素により起こると考えられていたセプティックショックやセプシスに伴う臓器不全の発生にも炎症性メディエーターが関与していることが知られるようになり、セプシスやセプティックショック、臓器不全に関する考え方が大きく変化してきている。セプシスは感染症に起因する全身性炎症反応症候群と定義され(例えば、非特許文献9参照)、その本態はNOやサイトカインなどの炎症性メディエーターの過剰産生によると考えられている。実際に、動物モデルにおいて初期の個々の炎症性メディエーターに対する抗炎症性メディエーター療法が有効であるという結果がこれまでに多数報告されている。また、上記の炎症性メディエーターを抑制する物質に関して、臓器不全、低灌流や低血圧等を伴うセプシス(重症セプシス)患者を対象とした臨床試験も多く行われている。
【0009】
上記のように、炎症性メディエーターを抑制する物質がセプシスに有効であることが動物モデルのレベルでは示されているものの、欧米での重症セプシス患者を対象とした抗炎症性メディエーター療法の臨床試験は、これまでのところ期待された効果を上げるに至っていない(例えば、非特許文献10参照)。その原因の一つは、動物モデルの薬効評価がセプシス発症前の投与で行われていたのに対して、臨床試験ではセプシス発症後、特に、臓器不全、低灌流や低血圧等を伴うセプシス(重症セプシス)発症後に薬物が投与されたことによるとされている。また、複雑に絡み合う炎症性メディエーターの各々一つずつを抑制するような薬物が高い有効性を示すことは困難であるともいわれている。
【0010】
一方、生体には微生物感染等の侵襲に対する防御機構として自然免疫系が存在している。自然免疫系は病原微生物に特有の分子構造(パソジェン・アソシエーテッド・モレキュラー・パタン、PAMPs)を識別し、生体防御反応を誘起している(例えば、非特許文献11参照)。このPAMPsを認識する分子はパターン認識レセプターと呼ばれ、宿主の細胞表面や血流中に分布しており、自然免疫の活性化の結果として、免疫担当細胞からの炎症性サイトカインの分泌や補体系の活性化、貪食などが起こり、感染防御反応が誘導される。近年、PAMPsの認識に重要な役割を果たす膜蛋白レセプターとしてToll−like receptor(TLR)ファミリーが発見され注目を集めている。現在までに10種類がデータベースに登録されTLR1‐TLR10と命名されており、それぞれのTLRは病原微生物の細胞壁成分に代表されるPAMPsを識別して宿主の免疫反応を誘起している。例えばTLR4はグラム陰性菌細胞壁の構成成分であるリポポリ多糖(LPS)(例えば、非特許文献12参照)、TLR2はバクテリア細胞壁の構成成分であるペプチドグリカンや酵母のザイモザンなどのシグナルを宿主細胞の外からを細胞内へと伝達しており、TLR9はバクテリアのDNAの認識に必須であるとされている。
【0011】
しかしながら、それぞれのTLRの認識するPAMPsが同定されつつあるが、種々の疾患・病態におけるTLRの真の役割は未だ解明されていない。これは、TLRの認識するPAMPsの同定が、いずれも遺伝子欠損マウスを用いて明らかにされたものであり、TLRシグナルの選択的な阻害剤を用いて各種疾患モデルでの効果が検討されてはいないためである。
【0012】
【非特許文献1】
セル(Cell)第70巻、705−707頁(1992)
【非特許文献2】
イムノロジカルトディ(Immunol. Today)第13巻、157−160頁(1992)
【非特許文献3】
ザサイトカインハンドブック第2版アカデミックプレスリミティド(The Cytokine Handbook, 2nd ed Academic Press Limited)(1994)、アドバンセスイムノロジー(Advances Immunol.)第62巻、257−304頁(1996)
【非特許文献4】
ヨーロピアンジャーナルオブイムノロジー(Eur. J. Immunol.)第18巻、951−956(1991)
【非特許文献5】
イムノロジー(Immunol.)第83巻、262−267頁(1994)
【非特許文献6】
プロシデュアーオブザナショナルアカデミーオブサイエンス(Proc.Natl. Acad. Sci.)第93巻、 3967−3971頁(1997)
【非特許文献7】
ジャーナルオブイムノロジー(J. Immunol.)第147巻、 1530−1536頁 (1991)
【非特許文献8】
イムノロジカルトディ(Immunol. Today)第12巻、404−410頁(1991)
【非特許文献9】
チェスト(Chest)第101巻、1644−1655頁(1992)
【非特許文献10】
ブリティッシュメディカルビュレタン(British Medical Bulletin)第55巻、212‐225頁 (1999)
【非特許文献11】
ネイチャー・リビューズ・イミュノロジー(Nature Reviews Immunology)第1巻、135‐145頁(2001)
【非特許文献12】
ネイチャー・イミュノロジー(Nature Immunology)第2巻、675‐680頁(2001)
【特許文献1】
国際公開第99/46242号パンフレット
【特許文献2】
国際公開第01/10826号パンフレット
【0013】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
したがって、本発明の目的は、セプシスの予防および軽度のセプシスの治療のみならず、重症セプシスの予防および治療にも有効な医薬を提供することである。また、本発明のもう1つの目的は、TLR選択的な阻害剤を見出し、臓器障害等の各種疾患に対する予防・治療薬を提供することである。
【0014】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、このような状況に鑑み、NOおよび/またはサイトカインの産生を抑制しセプシス発症後の投与でも有効な重症セプシスの予防・治療薬の探索研究を進め、鋭意検討した結果、上記のシクロアルケン化合物が重症セプシスの予防および治療においても有効であることを見出した。本発明者らはまた、これらのシクロアルケン化合物を含む非ペプチド性化合物がTLRシグナルを抑制することにより、NO及び/またはサイトカインの産生を抑制し、TLRシグナルの変化に起因する各種疾患、特に臓器障害等の予防・治療に有効であることを見出した。本発明者らは、この知見に基づいてさらに研究を重ねた結果、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0015】
すなわち、本発明は、
[1] シクロアルケン化合物を有効成分として含有する重症セプシス予防治療剤、
[2] 式(I):
【化31】
[式中、Rは置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい複素環基、式:−OR1(式中、R1は水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基または式:
【化32】
(式中、R1bおよびR1cは同一または異なって、水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基を示し、
R0は水素原子または脂肪族炭化水素基を示すか、あるいはRとR0とは結合して結合手を形成し、
環A1は(1)置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、(2)置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、(3)式:−OR11(式中、R11は水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基および(4)ハロゲン原子からなる群より選ばれる1〜4個の置換基で置換されていてもよいシクロアルケンを示し、
Arは置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基を示し、
式:
【化33】
で表される基は、式:
【化34】
で表される基を示し、
nは1〜4の整数を示す。]で表される化合物またはその塩あるいはそのプロドラッグ、または、
【0016】
式(II):
【化35】
[式中、R1’は置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい複素環基、式:−OR1a’(式中、R1a’は水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基または式:
【化36】
(式中、R1b’およびR1c’は同一または異なって、水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基を示し、
Xはメチレン基、NH、硫黄原子または酸素原子を示し、
Yは置換基を有していてもよいメチレン基または置換基を有していてもよいNHを示し、
環A’は(1)置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、(2)置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、(3)式:−OR2’(式中、R2’は水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基および(4)ハロゲン原子からなる群より選ばれる1乃至4個の置換基を有していてもよい5ないし8員環を示し、
Ar’は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基を示し、
式:
【化37】
で表される基は式:
【化38】
で表される基を示し、
sは0乃至2の整数を示し、
tは1乃至3の整数を示し、
sとtの和は4以下である;
ただし、Xがメチレン基の場合、Yは置換基を有していてもよいメチレン基を示す。]で表される化合物またはその塩あるいはそのプロドラッグを含有する重症セプシス予防治療剤、
【0017】
[3] 式(I)が、式(Ia):
【化39】
[式中、R1 aはC1−6アルキルを、R2 aは水素原子またはC1−6アルキルを、Araは1または2個のハロゲン原子で置換されたフェニル基を示す。]であり、式(II)が、式(IIa):
【化40】
[式中、R1a’’はC1−6アルキルを、Xaがメチレン基または酸素原子を、Yaがメチレン基または−NH−を、Ara’がハロゲン原子およびC1−6アルコキシ基より選ばれる1または2個の置換基を有していてもよいフェニル基を示す。]である上記[2]記載の剤、
【0018】
[4] 抗菌薬、抗真菌薬、非ステロイド性抗炎症薬、ステロイド薬および抗凝血薬からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の薬物をさらに含有する、上記[2]記載の剤、
[5] 哺乳動物に対して、上記[2]記載の式(I)もしくは式(II)で表される化合物またはその塩あるいはそのプロドラッグの有効量を投与することを特徴とする重症セプシスの予防または治療方法、
[6] 重症セプシスの予防または治療剤を製造するための、上記[2]記載の式(I)もしくは式(II)で表される化合物またはその塩あるいはそのプロドラッグの使用、
[7] 非ペプチド性化合物を有効成分として含有するTLRシグナル阻害剤、
[8] 非ペプチド性化合物が分子量約1000以下の非ペプチド性化合物である上記[7]記載の剤、
[9] 非ペプチド性化合物が、
式(I):
【化41】
[式中、Rは置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい複素環基、式:−OR1(式中、R1は水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基または式:
【化42】
(式中、R1bおよびR1cは同一または異なって、水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基を示し、
R0は水素原子または脂肪族炭化水素基を示すか、あるいはRとR0とは結合して結合手を形成し、
環A1は(1)置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、(2)置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、(3)式:−OR11(式中、R11は水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基および(4)ハロゲン原子からなる群より選ばれる1〜4個の置換基で置換されていてもよいシクロアルケンを示し、
Arは置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基を示し、
式:
【化43】
で表される基は、式:
【化44】
で表される基を示し、
nは1〜4の整数を示す。]で表される化合物またはその塩あるいはそのプロドラッグ、または、
式(II):
【化45】
[式中、R1’は置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい複素環基、式:−OR1a’(式中、R1a’は水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基または式:
【化46】
(式中、R1b’およびR1c’は同一または異なって、水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基を示し、
Xはメチレン基、NH、硫黄原子または酸素原子を示し、
Yは置換基を有していてもよいメチレン基または置換基を有していてもよいNHを示し、
環A’は(1)置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、(2)置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、(3)式:−OR2’(式中、R2’は水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基および(4)ハロゲン原子からなる群より選ばれる1乃至4個の置換基を有していてもよい5ないし8員環を示し、
Ar’は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基を示し、
式:
【化47】
で表される基は式:
【化48】
で表される基を示し、
sは0乃至2の整数を示し、
tは1乃至3の整数を示し、
sとtの和は4以下である;
ただし、Xがメチレン基の場合、Yは置換基を有していてもよいメチレン基を示す。]で表される化合物またはその塩あるいはそのプロドラッグである上記[7]記載の剤、
[10] TLRがTLR4である上記[7]記載の剤、
[11] 上記[7]記載の剤を含有するTLRシグナルの変化に起因する疾患の予防治療剤、
[12] TLRシグナルの変化に起因する疾患が臓器障害である上記[11]記載の剤、
[13] 臓器が中枢神経系、循環器系、呼吸器系、骨・関節系、消化器系または腎・尿路系の臓器である上記[12]記載の剤、
[14] 哺乳動物に対して、非ペプチド性化合物の有効量を投与することを特徴とするTLRシグナルの阻害方法、
[15] 哺乳動物に対して、非ペプチド性化合物の有効量を投与することを特徴とするTLRシグナルの変化に起因する疾患の予防または治療方法、
[16] TLRシグナル阻害剤を製造するための非ペプチド性化合物の使用、
[17] TLRシグナルの変化に起因する疾患の予防治療剤を製造するための非ペプチド性化合物の使用、
[18] TLRシグナル阻害物質を含有してなる臓器障害の予防治療剤、
[19] 臓器が中枢神経系、循環器系、呼吸器系、骨・関節系、消化器系または腎・尿路系の臓器である上記[18]記載の剤、
[20] TLRシグナルを阻害することを特徴とする重症セプシスまたは臓器障害の予防または治療方法に関する。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
シクロアルケン化合物を含有してなる本発明の重症セプシス予防治療剤の対象疾患である重症セプシスは、感染による全身性炎症反応症候群のうち重症度の高いものであり、例えば、体温:38℃以上または36℃未満、心拍数:90回/分以上、呼吸数:20回/分以上、白血球数:1万2千/mm3以上または4千/mm3未満のうち2項目以上を満たし、かつ、低血圧(収縮期血圧が90mmHg以下)、意識が朦朧とする、意味不明の言動がある、1時間あたりの尿が0.5mL/kg未満、あるいは血小板が8万/mm3未満等の病態を示し、典型的には、臓器不全、低灌流や低血圧等の症状を伴うものである。
本発明の重症セプシス予防治療剤で用いられるシクロアルケン化合物(以下、シクロアルケン化合物と略記する。)は、重症セプシスの予防・治療に効果を発揮し得るものであれば特に制限はないが、上記式(I)及び式(II)で表される化合物、それらの塩並びにそれらのプロドラッグ等が好ましい。
【0020】
以下、上記化合物について詳細に説明する。
本明細書において、Rは置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい複素環基、式:−OR1(式中、R1は水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基、または式:
【化49】
(式中、R1bおよびR1cは同一または異なって、水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基を示すか、あるいはR0と一緒になって結合手を形成し、とりわけ、式:−OR1[R1は前記と同意義を示す。]で表される基が好ましい。
【0021】
RとR0が一緒になって結合手を示しているとき、式(I)で表される化合物は、式:
【化50】
[式中、各記号は前記と同意義を示す。]で表すことができ、具体的には、式:
【化51】
[式中、各記号は前記と同意義を示す。]または
【化52】
[式中、各記号は前記と同意義を示す。]で表すことができる。
【0022】
Rが、式:−OR1[式中、R1は前記と同意義を示す。]で表される基であるとき、式(I)で表される化合物は、式:
【化53】
[式中、R2は水素原子または脂肪族炭化水素基を、その他の各記号は前記と同意義を示す。]で表すことができ、具体的には、式:
【化54】
[式中、各記号は前記と同意義を示す。]または
【化55】
[式中、各記号は前記と同意義を示す。]で表すことができる。
式(I)で表される化合物としては式(Icc)または式(Inn)で表される化合物が好ましい。
【0023】
R、R1、R11、R1b、R1cで表される「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」の「脂肪族炭化水素基」、R0、R2で表される「脂肪族炭化水素基」としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルキルアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基などが好ましい。
該アルキル基としては、例えば、直鎖もしくは分枝状の炭素数1〜20のアルキル基(例、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n−ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec−ブチル基、tert−ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ドデシル基など)などが好ましく、とりわけ、例えば、炭素数1〜6の低級アルキル基(例、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n−ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec−ブチル基、tert−ブチル基など)などが好ましい。
該シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、炭素数3〜10のシクロアルキル基(例、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基、シクロオクチル基など)などが好ましく、とりわけ、例えば、炭素数3〜6のシクロアルキル基(例、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基など)などが好ましい。
該シクロアルキルアルキル基としては、例えば、炭素数4〜12のシクロアルキルアルキル基(例、シクロプロピルメチル基、シクロペンチルメチル基、シクロヘキシルメチル基、シクロヘプチルメチル基など)などが好ましく、とりわけ、例えば、炭素数4〜8(なかでも4〜7)のシクロアルキルアルキル基(例、シクロプロピルメチル基、シクロペンチルメチル基、シクロヘキシルメチル基など)などが好ましい。
該アルケニル基としては、例えば、炭素数3〜6の低級アルケニル基(例、プロペニル基、ブテニル基、ペンテニル基など)などが好ましく、とりわけ、例えば、炭素数3または4の低級アルケニル基(例、プロペニル基、ブテニル基など)などが好ましい。
該アルキニル基としては、例えば、炭素数3〜6の低級アルキニル基(例、プロピニル基、ブチニル基、ペンチニル基など)などが好ましく、とりわけ、例えば、炭素数3または4の低級アルキニル基(例、プロピニル基、ブチニル基など)などが好ましい。
【0024】
前記「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」の「置換基」としては、例えば、複素環基、オキソ基、水酸基、C1−6アルコキシ基、C3−10(なかでもC3−6)シクロアルキルオキシ基、C6−10アリールオキシ基、C7−19(なかでもC7−12)アラルキルオキシ基、複素環オキシ基、C1−6アルキルチオ基(該硫黄原子がオキシド化されていてもよい)、C3−10(なかでもC3−6)シクロアルキルチオ基(該硫黄原子がオキシド化されていてもよい)、C6−10アリールチオ基(該硫黄原子がオキシド化されていてもよい)、C7−19(なかでもC7−12)アラルキルチオ基(該硫黄原子がオキシド化されていてもよい)、複素環チオ基、複素環スルフィニル基、複素環スルホニル基、ニトロ基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、C1−10(なかでもC1−6)アルコキシ−カルボニル基、C3−6シクロアルキルオキシ−カルボニル基、C6−10アリールオキシ−カルボニル基、C7−19(なかでもC7−12)アラルキルオキシ−カルボニル基、複素環オキシカルボニル基、C6−10アリール−カルボニル基、C1−6アルカノイル基、C3−5アルケノイル基、C6−10アリール−カルボニルオキシ基、C2−6アルカノイルオキシ基、C3−5アルケノイルオキシ基、置換基を有していてもよいカルバモイル基、置換基を有していてもよいチオカルバモイル基、置換基を有していてもよいカルバモイルオキシ基、C1−6アルカノイルアミノ基、C6−10アリール−カルボニルアミノ基、C1−10(なかでもC1−6)アルコキシ−カルボキサミド基、C6−10アリールオキシ−カルボキサミド基、C7−19(なかでもC7−12)アラルキルオキシ−カルボキサミド基、C1−10(なかでもC1−6)アルコキシ−カルボニルオキシ基、C6−10アリールオキシ−カルボニルオキシ基、C7−19(なかでもC7−12)アラルキルオキシ−カルボニルオキシ基、C3−10(なかでもC3−6)シクロアルキルオキシ−カルボニルオキシ基、置換基を有していてもよいウレイド基、置換基を有していてもよいC6−10アリール基などが用いられる。
これらの置換基は前記「脂肪族炭化水素基」の置換可能な部位に置換されており、該置換基は1個に限定されず、同一または異なって複数個(好ましくは2〜4個)であってもよい。
【0025】
「C1−6アルコキシ基」としては、例えば、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n−プロポキシ基、イソプロポキシ基、n−ブトキシ基、tert−ブトキシ基、n−ペンチルオキシ基、n−ヘキシルオキシ基などが、「C3−10シクロアルキルオキシ基」としては、例えば、シクロプロピルオキシ基、シクロヘキシルオキシ基などが、「C6−10アリールオキシ基」としては、例えば、フェノキシ基、ナフチルオキシ基などが、「C7−19アラルキルオキシ基」としては、例えば、ベンジルオキシ基、1−フェニルエチルオキシ基、2−フェニルエチルオキシ基、ベンズヒドリルオキシ基、1−ナフチルメチルオキシ基などが、「C1−6アルキルチオ基(該硫黄原子がオキシド化されていてもよい)」としては、例えば、メチルチオ基、エチルチオ基、n−プロピルチオ基、n−ブチルチオ基、メチルスルフィニル基、メチルスルホニル基などが、「C3−10シクロアルキルチオ基(該硫黄原子がオキシド化されていてもよい)」としては、例えば、シクロプロピルチオ基、シクロヘキシルチオ基、シクロペンチルスルフィニル基、シクロヘキシルスルホニル基などが、「C6−10アリールチオ基(該硫黄原子がオキシド化されていてもよい)」としては、例えば、フェニルチオ基、ナフチルチオ基、フェニルスルフィニル基、フェニルスルホニル基などが、「C7−19アラルキルチオ基(該硫黄原子がオキシド化されていてもよい)」としては、例えば、ベンジルチオ基、フェニルエチルチオ基、ベンズヒドリルチオ基、ベンジルスルフィニル基、ベンジルスルホニル基などが、「ハロゲン原子」としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子が、「C1−10アルコキシ−カルボニル基」としては、例えば、メトキシカルボニル基、エトキシカルボニル基、n−プロポキシカルボニル基、イソプロポキシカルボニル基、n−ブトキシカルボニル基、イソブトキシカルボニル基、tert−ブトキシカルボニル基などが、「C3−6シクロアルキルオキシ−カルボニル基」としては、例えば、シクロプロピルオキシカルボニル基、シクロペンチルオキシカルボニル基、シクロヘキシルオキシカルボニル基などが、「C6−10アリールオキシ−カルボニル基」としては、例えば、フェノキシカルボニル基、ナフチルオキシカルボニル基などが、「C7−19アラルキルオキシ−カルボニル基」としては、例えば、ベンジルオキシカルボニル基、ベンズヒドリルオキシカルボニル基、2−フェネチルオキシカルボニル基などが、「C6−10アリール−カルボニル基」としては、例えば、ベンゾイル基、ナフトイル基などが、「C1−6アルカノイル基」としては、例えば、ホルミル基、アセチル基、プロピオニル基、ブチリル基、バレリル基、ピバロイル基などが、「C3−5アルケノイル基」としては、例えば、アクリロイル基、クロトノイル基などが、「C6−10アリール−カルボニルオキシ基」としては、例えば、ベンゾイルオキシ基、ナフトイルオキシ基などが、「C2−6アルカノイルオキシ基」としては、例えば、アセトキシ基、プロピオニルオキシ基、ブチリルオキシ基、バレリルオキシ基、ピバロイルオキシ基などが、「C3−5アルケノイルオキシ基」としては、例えば、アクリロイルオキシ基、クロトノイルオキシ基などが用いられる。
【0026】
「置換基を有していてもよいカルバモイル基」としては、例えば、C1−4アルキル(例、メチル、エチルなど)、フェニル、C1−7アシル(例、アセチル、プロピオニル、ベンゾイルなど)、C1−4アルコキシ−フェニル(例、メトキシフェニルなど)などから選ばれた1または2個の置換基で置換されていてもよい、カルバモイル基あるいは環状アミノ(例えば、ピロリジニル、ピペリジニル、ピペラジニル、モルホリニルなど)カルボニル基などが用いられ、具体的には、例えば、カルバモイル基、N−メチルカルバモイル基、N−エチルカルバモイル基、N,N−ジメチルカルバモイル基、N,N−ジエチルカルバモイル基、N−フェニルカルバモイル基、N−アセチルカルバモイル基、N−ベンゾイルカルバモイル基、N−(p−メトキシフェニル)カルバモイル基、1−ピロリジニルカルボニル基、ピペリジノカルボニル基、1−ピペラジニルカルボニル基、モルホリノカルボニル基などが用いられる。「置換基を有していてもよいチオカルバモイル基」としては、例えば、C1−4アルキル(例、メチル、エチルなど)、フェニルなどから選ばれた1または2個の置換基で置換されていてもよいチオカルバモイル基が用いられ、具体的には、例えば、チオカルバモイル基、N−メチルチオカルバモイル基、N−フェニルチオカルバモイル基などが用いられる。「置換基を有していてもよいカルバモイルオキシ基」としては、例えば、C1−4アルキル(例、メチル、エチルなど)、フェニルなどから選ばれた1または2個の置換基で置換されていてもよいカルバモイルオキシ基が用いられ、具体的には、例えば、カルバモイルオキシ基、N−メチルカルバモイルオキシ基、N,N−ジメチルカルバモイルオキシ基、N−エチルカルバモイルオキシ基、N−フェニルカルバモイルオキシ基などが用いられる。
【0027】
「C1−6アルカノイルアミノ基」としては、例えば、アセトアミド基、プロピオンアミド基、ブチロアミド基、バレロアミド基、ピバロアミド基などが、「C6−10アリール−カルボニルアミノ基」としては、例えば、ベンズアミド基、ナフトアミド基、フタルイミド基などが、「C1−10アルコキシ−カルボキサミド基」としては、例えば、メトキシカルボキサミド(CH3OCONH−)基、エトキシカルボキサミド基、tert−ブトキシカルボキサミド基などが、「C6−10アリールオキシ−カルボキサミド基」としては、例えば、フェノキシカルボキサミド(C6H5OCONH−)基などが、「C7−19アラルキルオキシ−カルボキサミド基」としては、例えば、ベンジルオキシカルボキサミド(C6H5CH2OCONH−)基、ベンズヒドリルオキシカルボキサミド基などが、「C1−10アルコキシ−カルボニルオキシ基」としては、例えば、メトキシカルボニルオキシ基、エトキシカルボニルオキシ基、n−プロポキシカルボニルオキシ基、イソプロポキシカルボニルオキシ基、n−ブトキシカルボニルオキシ基、tert−ブトキシカルボニルオキシ基、n−ペンチルオキシカルボニルオキシ基、n−ヘキシルオキシカルボニルオキシ基などが、「C6−10アリールオキシ−カルボニルオキシ基」としては、例えば、フェノキシカルボニルオキシ基、ナフチルオキシカルボニルオキシ基などが、「C7−19アラルキルオキシ−カルボニルオキシ基」としては、例えば、ベンジルオキシカルボニルオキシ基、1−フェニルエチルオキシカルボニルオキシ基、2−フェニルエチルオキシカルボニルオキシ基、ベンズヒドリルオキシカルボニルオキシ基などが、「C3−10シクロアルキルオキシ−カルボニルオキシ基」としては、例えば、シクロプロピルオキシカルボニルオキシ基、シクロヘキシルオキシカルボニルオキシ基などが用いられる。
【0028】
「置換基を有していてもよいウレイド基」としては、例えば、C1−4アルキル基(例、メチル基、エチル基など)、フェニル基などから選ばれた1〜3個(なかでも1または2個)の置換基で置換されていてもよいウレイド基が用いられ、例えばウレイド基、1−メチルウレイド基、3−メチルウレイド基、3,3−ジメチルウレイド基、1,3−ジメチルウレイド基、3−フェニルウレイド基などが用いられる。
【0029】
「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」の「置換基」として、複素環基、複素環オキシ基、複素環チオ基、複素環スルフィニル基、複素環スルホニル基または複素環オキシカルボニル基が用いられる場合、該複素環基は複素環に結合している水素原子を1個とりのぞいてできる基を表し、例えば窒素原子(オキシド化されていてもよい)、酸素原子、硫黄原子などのヘテロ原子を1〜数個、好ましくは1〜4個含む5〜8員環(なかでも5〜6員環)基、またはその縮合環基を示す。このような複素環基としては、例えばピロリル基、ピラゾリル基、イミダゾリル基、1,2,3−トリアゾリル基、1,2,4−トリアゾリル基、テトラゾリル基、フリル基、チエニル基、オキサゾリル基、イソキサゾリル基、1,2,3−オキサジアゾリル基、1,2,4−オキサジアゾリル基、1,2,5−オキサジアゾリル基、1,3,4−オキサジアゾリル基、チアゾリル基、イソチアゾリル基、1,2,3−チアジアゾリル基、1,2,4−チアジアゾリル基、1,2,5−チアジアゾリル基、1,3,4−チアジアゾリル基、ピリジル基、ピリダジニル基、ピリミジニル基、ピラジニル基、インドリル基、ピラニル基、チオピラニル基、ジオキシニル基、ジオキソリル基、キノリル基、ピリド〔2,3−d〕ピリミジル基、1,5−,1,6−,1,7−,1,8−,2,6−または2,7−ナフチリジル基、チエノ〔2,3−d〕ピリジル基、ベンゾピラニル基、テトラヒドロフリル基、テトラヒドロピラニル基、ジオキソラニル基、ジオキサニル基などが用いられる。
これら複素環基は、C1−4アルキル(例、メチル、エチルなど)、ヒドロキシ、オキソ、C1−4アルコキシ(例、メトキシ、エトキシなど)などから選ばれた1〜3個の置換基によって置換可能な部位に置換されていてもよい。
【0030】
「置換基を有していてもよいC6−10アリール基」の「C6−10アリール基」としては、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基などが用いられる。該C6−10アリール基は、前記「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」の「置換基」(置換基を有していてもよいC6−10アリール基を除く)から選ばれた置換基で置換可能な部位が置換されていてもよい。それらの置換基は、該置換基は1個に限定されず、同一または異なって複数個(好ましくは2〜4個)であってもよい。
また、「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」は、置換基が脂肪族炭化水素基と一緒になって置換されていてもよい縮合環基を形成していてもよく、このような縮合環基としてはインダニル基、1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロナフチル基などが用いられる。この縮合環基は、前記「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」の「置換基」から選ばれた置換基で置換可能な部位が置換されていてもよい。それらの置換基は、該縮合環基の置換可能な部位に置換されており、該置換基は1個に限定されず、同一または異なって複数個(好ましくは2〜4個)であってもよい。
【0031】
上記「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」の中で、R、R1、R11、R1b、R1cの好ましい例示としては、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1〜6の低級アルキル基(例、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n−ブチル基、イソブチル基、tert−ブトキシカルボニルメチル基、ヒドロキシエチル基など)などが挙げられ、なかでも、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n−ブチル基、イソブチル基などが好ましく、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基などがより好ましく、特にエチル基などが好ましい。
【0032】
Rで表される「置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基」における「芳香族炭化水素基」としては、炭素数6乃至14の芳香族炭化水素基(例、フェニル基、ナフチル基、アンスリル基、インデニル基など)などが好ましく、とりわけ、例えば、炭素数6乃至10のアリール基(例、フェニル基、ナフチル基など)などが好ましく、なかでもフェニル基などが特に好ましい。
Rで表される「置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基」における「置換基」としては、例えば、ハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子)、低級(C1−4)アルキル基(例、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基など)、低級(C1−4)アルコキシ基(例、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基、ブトキシ基など)、低級(C1−4)アルコキシ−カルボニル基(例、メトキシカルボニル基、エトキシカルボニル基、プロポキシカルボニル基、ブトキシカルボニル基など)、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、水酸基、アシルアミノ基(例、アセチルアミノ基、プロピオニルアミノ基、ブチリルアミノ基などの炭素数1乃至4のアルカノイルアミノ基など)、炭素数3乃至6のシクロアルキル基(例、シクロプロピル基、シクロペンチル基など)、炭素数6乃至10のアリール基(例、フェニル基、ナフチル基、インデニル基など)、ハロゲノ低級(C1−4)アルキル基(例、トリフルオロメチル基、トリフルオロエチル基など)、ハロゲノ低級(C1−4)アルコキシ基(例、トリフルオロメトキシ基、1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエトキシ基、2,2,3,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロポキシ基など)、低級(C1−4)アルキルチオ基(例、メチルチオ基、エチルチオ基、プロピルチオ基など)、低級(C1−4)アルカンスルホニル基(例、メタンスルホニル基、エタンスルホニル基、プロパンスルホニル基など)、低級(C1−4)アルカノイル基(例、ホルミル基、アセチル基、プロピオニル基など)、5員の芳香族複素環基(例、1,2,3−トリアゾリル基、1,2,4−トリアゾリル基、テトラゾリル基、チアゾリル基、イソチアゾリル基、オキサゾリル基、イソオキサゾリル基、チアジアゾリル基、チエニル基、フリル基など)、カルバモイル基、低級(C1−4)アルキル−カルバモイル基(例、メチルカルバモイル基、ジメチルカルバモイル基、プロピルカルバモイル基など)、低級(C1−4)アルコキシ−カルボニル−低級(C1−4)アルキル−カルバモイル基(例、ブトキシカルボニルメチルカルバモイル基、エトキシカルボニルメチルカルバモイル基など)、1,3−ジアシルグアニジノ−低級(C1−4)アルキル基(例、1,3−ジアセチルグアニジノメチル、1,3−ビス−(tert−ブトキシカルボニル)グアニジノメチルなど)などが、好ましくはハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子)、低級(C1−4)アルキル基(例、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基など)などが、より好ましくはフッ素原子、塩素原子、メチル基が用いられる。
これらの置換基は該芳香族炭化水素基の置換可能な部位に置換されており、置換基の数は1乃至5個が好ましく、1乃至3個がより好ましく、1乃至2個がとりわけ好ましい。該置換基が2個以上存在するときはそれら置換基は同一であってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。
【0033】
Rで表される「置換基を有していてもよい複素環基」における「複素環基」は、例えば窒素原子(オキシド化されていてもよい)、酸素原子、硫黄原子などのヘテロ原子を1乃至数個、好ましくは1乃至4個含む5乃至8員環(なかでも5乃至6員環)基およびその縮合環基を示す。このような複素環基としては、例えばピロリル基、ピラゾリル基、イミダゾリル基、1,2,3−トリアゾリル基、1,2,4−トリアゾリル基、テトラゾリル基、フリル基、チエニル基、オキサゾリル基、イソキサゾリル基、1,2,3−オキサジアゾリル基、1,2,4−オキサジアゾリル基、1,2,5−オキサジアゾリル基、1,3,4−オキサジアゾリル基、チアゾリル基、イソチアゾリル基、1,2,3−チアジアゾリル基、1,2,4−チアジアゾリル基、1,2,5−チアジアゾリル基、1,3,4−チアジアゾリル基、ピリジル基、ピリダジニル基、ピリミジニル基、ピラジニル基、インドリル基、ピラニル基、チオピラニル基、ジオキシニル基、ジオキソリル基、キノリル基、ピリド〔2,3−d〕ピリミジル基、1,5−,1,6−,1,7−,1,8−,2,6−または2,7−ナフチリジル基、チエノ〔2,3−d〕ピリジル基、ベンゾピラニル基、テトラヒドロフリル基、テトラヒドロピラニル基、ジオキソラニル基、ジオキサニル基などが用いられる。
これら複素環基は、C1−4アルキル(例、メチル、エチルなど)、ヒドロキシ、オキソ、C1−4アルコキシ(例、メトキシ、エトキシなど)などから選ばれた1乃至3個の置換基によって置換可能な部位に置換されていてもよい。
【0034】
Arで表される「置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基」における「芳香族炭化水素基」としては、炭素数6〜14の芳香族炭化水素基(例、フェニル基、ナフチル基、アンスリル基、インデニル基など)などが好ましく、とりわけ、例えば、炭素数6〜10のアリール基(例、フェニル基、ナフチル基など)などが好ましく、なかでもフェニル基などが特に好ましい。
Ar、Araで表される「置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基」における「置換基」としては、例えば、ハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子)、低級(C1−4)アルキル基(例、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基など)、低級(C1−4)アルコキシ基(例、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基、ブトキシ基など)、低級(C1−4)アルコキシ−カルボニル基(例、メトキシカルボニル基、エトキシカルボニル基、プロポキシカルボニル基、ブトキシカルボニル基など)、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、水酸基、アシルアミノ基(例、アセチルアミノ基、プロピオニルアミノ基、ブチリルアミノ基などの炭素数1〜4のアルカノイルアミノ基など)、炭素数3〜6のシクロアルキル基(例、シクロプロピル基、シクロペンチル基など)、炭素数6〜10のアリール基(例、フェニル基、ナフチル基、インデニル基など)、ハロゲノ低級(C1−4)アルキル基(例、トリフルオロメチル基、トリフルオロエチル基など)、ハロゲノ低級(C1−4)アルコキシ基(例、トリフルオロメトキシ基、1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエトキシ基、2,2,3,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロポキシ基など)、低級(C1−4)アルキルチオ基(例、メチルチオ基、エチルチオ基、プロピルチオ基など)、低級(C1−4)アルカンスルホニル基(例、メタンスルホニル基、エタンスルホニル基、プロパンスルホニル基など)、低級(C1−4)アルカノイル基(例、ホルミル基、アセチル基、プロピオニル基など)、5員の芳香族複素環基(例、1,2,3−トリアゾリル基、1,2,4−トリアゾリル基、テトラゾリル基、チアゾリル基、イソチアゾリル基、オキサゾリル基、イソオキサゾリル基、チアジアゾリル基、チエニル基、フリル基など)、カルバモイル基、低級(C1−4)アルキル−カルバモイル基(例、メチルカルバモイル基、ジメチルカルバモイル基、プロピオニルカルバモイル基など)、低級(C1−4)アルコキシ−カルボニル−低級(C1−4)アルキル−カルバモイル基(例、ブトキシカルボニルメチルカルバモイル基、tert−ブトキシカルボニルメチルカルバモイル基、エトキシカルボニルメチルカルバモイル基など)、1,3−ジアシルグアニジノ−低級(C1−4)アルキル基(例、1,3−ジアセチルグアニジノメチル、1,3−ビス−(tert−ブトキシカルボニル)グアニジノメチルなど)などが、好ましくはハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子)、低級(C1−4)アルキル基(例、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基など)などが、より好ましくはフッ素原子、塩素原子、メチル基が用いられる。
これらの置換基は該芳香族炭化水素基の置換可能な部位に置換されており、置換基の数は1〜5個が好ましく、1〜3個がより好ましく、1〜2個がとりわけ好ましい。該置換基が2個以上存在するときはそれら置換基は同一であってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。
【0035】
Arとして、具体的には、例えば、フェニル基、ハロゲノフェニル基、低級(C1−4)アルキルフェニル基、低級(C1−4)アルコキシフェニル基、低級(C1−4)アルコキシ−カルボニルフェニル基、カルボキシフェニル基、ニトロフェニル基、シアノフェニル基、ハロゲノ低級(C1−4)アルキルフェニル基、ハロゲノ低級(C1−4)アルコキシフェニル基、低級(C1−4)アルカノイルフェニル基、5員の芳香族複素環基で置換されたフェニル基、低級(C1−4)アルコキシ−カルボニル−低級(C1−4)アルキル−カルバモイルフェニル基、1,3−ジアシルグアニジノ−低級(C1−4)アルキルフェニル基、ハロゲン原子および低級(C1−4)アルキル基で置換されたフェニル基、ハロゲン原子および低級(C1−4)アルコキシ−カルボニル基で置換されたフェニル基、ハロゲン原子およびシアノ基で置換されたフェニル基、ハロゲン原子および5員の芳香族複素環で置換されたフェニル基、ハロゲン原子および低級(C1−4)アルコキシ−カルボニル−低級(C1−4)アルキル−カルバモイル基で置換されたフェニル基などが用いられる。
Arとしては、置換基を有していてもよいフェニル基が好ましく、中でもハロゲノフェニル基、低級(C1−4)アルキルフェニル基、ハロゲン原子および低級(C1−4)アルコキシカルボニル基で置換されたフェニル基、ハロゲン原子および低級(C1−4)アルキル基で置換されたフェニル基などが好ましく用いられる。
【0036】
Arとしては、式:
【化56】
[式中、R4およびR5は同一または異なってハロゲン原子または低級(C1 − 4)アルキル基を、nは0〜2の整数を示す。]で表される基がより好ましく、R4およびR5の少なくとも一方がハロゲン原子であるものがさらに好ましい。
R4およびR5で示されるハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子または塩素原子が好ましい。
【0037】
該ハロゲノフェニル基としては、例えば、2,3−ジフルオロフェニル基、2,3−ジクロロフェニル基、2,4−ジフルオロフェニル基、2,4−ジクロロフェニル基、2,5−ジフルオロフェニル基、2,5−ジクロロフェニル基、2,6−ジフルオロフェニル基、2,6−ジクロロフェニル基、3,4−ジフルオロフェニル基、3,4−ジクロロフェニル基、3,5−ジフルオロフェニル基、3,5−ジクロロフェニル基、2−フルオロフェニル基、2−クロロフェニル基、3−フルオロフェニル基、3−クロロフェニル基、4−フルオロフェニル基、4−クロロフェニル基、4−クロロ−2−フルオロフェニル基、2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル基、4−ブロモ−2−フルオロフェニル基、2,3,4−トリフルオロフェニル基、2,4,5−トリフルオロフェニル基、2,4,6−トリフルオロフェニルなどが用いられる。
該低級(C1−4)アルキルフェニル基としては、例えば、2−エチルフェニル基、2,6−ジイソプロピルフェニル基などが好ましく用いられ、該低級(C1−4)アルコキシフェニル基としては、例えば4−メトキシフェニルなどが好ましく用いられる。
該低級(C1−4)アルコキシ−カルボニルフェニル基としては、例えば、2−エトキシカルボニルフェニル基、2−メトキシカルボニルフェニル基、4−メトキシカルボニルフェニル基などが好ましく用いられ、該ハロゲノ低級(C1−4)アルキルフェニル基としては、例えば、2−トリフルオロメチルフェニル基などが好ましく用いられ、該ハロゲノ低級(C1−4)アルコキシフェニル基としては、例えば、2−トリフルオロメトキシフェニル基、4−(2,2,3,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロポキシ)フェニル基などが好ましく用いられる。
該低級(C1−4)アルカノイルフェニル基としては、例えば、2−アセチルフェニル基などが好ましく用いられ、該5員の芳香族複素環基で置換されたフェニル基としては、例えば、4−(2H−1,2,3−トリアゾール−2−イル)フェニル基、4−(2H−テトラゾール−2−イル)フェニル基、4−(1H−テトラゾール−1−イル)フェニル基、4−(1H−1,2,3−トリアゾール−1−イル)フェニル基などが好ましく用いられ、該低級(C1−4)アルコキシ−カルボニル−低級(C1−4)アルキル−カルバモイルフェニル基としては、例えば、4−(N−エトキシカルボニルメチルカルバモイル)フェニル基などが好ましく用いられ、該1,3−ジアシルグアニジノ−低級(C1−4)アルキルフェニル基としては、例えば、4−(1,3−ビス−tert−ブトキシカルボニルグアニジノメチル)フェニル基などが好ましく用いられる。
該ハロゲン原子および低級(C1−4)アルキル基で置換されたフェニル基としては、例えば、2−フルオロ−4−メチルフェニル基、2−クロロ−4−メチルフェニル基、4−フルオロ−2−メチルフェニル基などが好ましく用いられ、該ハロゲン原子および低級(C1−4)アルコキシ−カルボニル基で置換されたフェニル基としては、例えば、2−クロロ−4−メトキシカルボニルフェニル基などが好ましく用いられ、該ハロゲン原子とシアノ基で置換されたフェニル基としては、2−クロロ−4−シアノフェニル基などが好ましく用いられ、該ハロゲン原子と5員の芳香族複素環基で置換されたフェニル基としては、例えば、2−フルオロ−4−(1H−1,2,4−トリアゾール−1−イル)フェニルなどが好ましく用いられ、該ハロゲン原子および低級(C1−4)アルコキシ−カルボニル−低級(C1−4)アルキル−カルバモイル基で置換されたフェニル基としては、例えば、2−クロロ−4−(N−tert−ブトキシカルボニルメチルカルバモイル)フェニル基、2−クロロ−4−(N−エトキシカルボニルメチルカルバモイル)フェニル基などが好ましく用いられる。
【0038】
さらに具体的に、Arとしては、とりわけフェニル基、1〜3個(なかでも1〜2個)のハロゲン原子で置換されたフェニル基(例、2,3−ジフルオロフェニル基、2,3−ジクロロフェニル基、2,4−ジフルオロフェニル基、2,4−ジクロロフェニル基、2,5−ジフルオロフェニル基、2,5−ジクロロフェニル基、2,6−ジフルオロフェニル基、2,6−ジクロロフェニル基、3,4−ジフルオロフェニル基、3,4−ジクロロフェニル基、3,5−ジフルオロフェニル基、3,5−ジクロロフェニル基、4−ブロモ−2−フルオロフェニル基、2−フルオロフェニル基、2−クロロフェニル基、3−フルオロフェニル基、3−クロロフェニル基、4−フルオロフェニル基、4−クロロフェニル基、2−フルオロ−4−クロロフェニル基、2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル基、2,3,4−トリフルオロフェニル基、2,4,5−トリフルオロフェニル基など)、ハロゲン原子および低級(C1−4)アルキル基で置換されたフェニル基(例、2−クロロ−4−メチルフェニル基、4−フルオロ−2−メチルフェニル基など)などが好ましい。なかでも、1〜3個(なかでも1〜2個)のハロゲン原子で置換されたフェニル基(例、2,3−ジクロロフェニル基、2,4−ジフルオロフェニル基、2,4−ジクロロフェニル基、2,6−ジクロロフェニル基、2−フルオロフェニル基、2−クロロフェニル基、3−クロロフェニル基、2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル基、2,4,5−トリフルオロフェニル基など)、ハロゲン原子および低級(C1−4)アルキル基で置換されたフェニル基(例、2−クロロ−4−メチルフェニル基、4−フルオロ−2−メチルフェニル基など)などが好ましい。特に、2,4−ジフルオロフェニル基、2−クロロフェニル基、2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル基、2−クロロ−4−メチルフェニル基などが好ましく、2,4−ジフルオロフェニル基、2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル基などが好ましい。
【0039】
本明細書において環A1は(i)置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、(ii)置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、(iii)式:−OR11(式中、R11は水素原子または置換基を有していていもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基および(iv)ハロゲン原子から選ばれる1〜4個で置換されていてもよいシクロアルケンを示すが、(i)置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、(ii)置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基および(iv)ハロゲン原子から選ばれる1〜4個で置換されていてもよいシクロアルケンが好ましい。
これら(i)〜(iv)の置換基は、環A1上の置換可能な炭素原子上に置換しており、環A1が複数個の置換基で置換されている場合、それらの置換基の種類は同一であっても異なっていてもよい。また、同一の炭素原子上に2個の置換基が置換していてもよく、異なった炭素原子上に複数の置換基が置換していてもよい。
環A1の置換基である「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」としては、例えば、前述のRなどで表される「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」と同様のものを用いることができる。
環A1の置換基である「置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基」としては、例えば、前述のArで表される「置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基」と同様のものを用いることができる。
環A1の置換基である「置換基を有していてもよい複素環基」としては、例えば、前述のRなどで表される「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」の「置換基」である「複素環基」と同様のものを用いることができる。
環A1の置換基としては、1または2個のC1−6アルキル基(例、メチル基、tert−ブチル基などのC1−4アルキル基)、フェニル基、ハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子)などが好ましく用いられる。
nで表される1〜4の整数としては、1〜3が好ましく、とりわけ2が好ましい。
【0040】
式(I)で表される化合物としては、式(Ibb’)で表されるものが好ましく、式(Inn)で表されるものがより好ましい。
さらに式(Ibb’)または式(Inn)で表される化合物としては、R1が置換基を有していてもよい低級アルキル基(より好ましくはR1はC1−6アルキル基)であり、R2が水素原子または低級(C1−6)アルキル基であり、Arが置換基を有していてもよいフェニル基(より好ましくはArは1または2個のハロゲン原子で置換されたフェニル基)であり、nが1、2または3(より好ましくはnは2)であるものが好ましい。
式(I)で表される化合物としては、式(Ia):
【化57】
[式中、R1 aはC1−6アルキルを、R2 aは水素原子またはC1−6アルキルを、Araは1または2個のハロゲン原子で置換されたフェニル基を示す。]で表される化合物が好ましい。
式(I)で表される化合物としては、具体的には、後述する参考例Bで得られる化合物などが用いられ、なかでも
▲1▼d−エチル 6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート、
▲2▼エチル 6−[N−(2−クロロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート、
▲3▼エチル 6−[N−(2−クロロ−4−メチルフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート、および
▲4▼エチル (6R)−6−[(2−クロロ−4−フルオロアニリノ)スルホニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート並びにこれらの塩などが好ましい。
【0041】
式(II)の化合物について詳細に説明する。
R1’で表される「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」「置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基」および「置換基を有していてもよい複素環基」は、Rにおけるこれらと同様のものを用いることができる。
R1a’で示される「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」としては、例えば、前述のRで表される「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」と同様のものを用いることができる。R1a’としては、例えば、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1乃至6の低級アルキル基(例、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n−ブチル基、イソブチル基、tert−ブトキシカルボニルメチル基、ヒドロキシエチル基など)などが好ましく用いられ、なかでも、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n−ブチル基、イソブチル基などが好ましく用いられる。とりわけ、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基などが好ましく、なかでもエチル基などが好ましい。
【0042】
R1b’およびR1c’で示される「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」としては、例えば、前述のRで表される「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」と同様のものを用いることができる。R1b’およびR1c’としては、例えば、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1乃至6の低級アルキル基(例、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n−ブチル基、イソブチル基、tert−ブトキシカルボニルメチル基、ヒドロキシエチル基など)などが好ましく用いられ、なかでも、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n−ブチル基、イソブチル基などが好ましく用いられる。とりわけ、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基などが好ましく、なかでもエチル基などが好ましい。
【0043】
R1’としては、例えば、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1乃至6の低級アルキル基(例、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n−ブチル基、イソブチル基、tert−ブトキシカルボニルメチル基、ヒドロキシエチル基など)などが好ましく用いられ、なかでも、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n−ブチル基、イソブチル基などが好ましく用いられる。とりわけ、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基などが好ましく、なかでもエチル基などが好ましい。
【0044】
Yで示される「換基を有していてもよいメチレン基」における「置換基」としては、たとえば、C1−6アルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n−ブチル基、イソブチル基など)、ヒドロキシ置換−C1−6アルキル基(例えば、ヒドロキシメチル基、ヒドロキシエチル基など)、C1−4アルコキシ−カルボニル−C1−4アルキル基(例えば、メトキシカルボニルメチル基、エトキシカルボニルメチル基、tert−ブトキシカルボニルメチル基、メトキシカルボニルエチル基、エトキシカルボニルエチル基、tert−ブトキシカルボニルエチル基など)などが挙げられ、なかでもメチル基が好ましいが、とりわけ無置換のメチレンが好ましい。
Yで示される「置換基を有していてもよいNH」における「置換基」としては、C1−6アルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n−ブチル基、イソブチル基など)、ヒドロキシ置換−C1−6アルキル基(例えば、ヒドロキシメチル基、ヒドロキシエチル基など)、C1−4アルコキシ−カルボニル−C1−4アルキル基(例えば、メトキシカルボニルメチル基、エトキシカルボニルメチル基、tert−ブトキシカルボニルメチル基、メトキシカルボニルエチル基、エトキシカルボニルエチル基、tert−ブトキシカルボニルエチル基など)などが挙げられ、なかでもメチル基が好ましいが、とりわけ無置換のNHが好ましい。
【0045】
Ar’で表される「置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基」においては、Arにおける「置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基」と同様のものを用いることができる。
特に、Ar’は、Arと同様なものが好ましいが、とりわけ式(c)
【化58】
[式中、R3’はハロゲン原子または低級アルキル基を示し、環B’はさらに1ないし4個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい。]で表される基が好ましく、式(c1)
【化59】
[式中、R3a’およびR3b’は同一または異なって、ハロゲン原子を示す。]で表される基がさらに好ましい。
【0046】
式(c)中、R3’で示されるハロゲン原子および環B’の置換基であるハロゲン原子及び式(c1)中、R3a’およびR3b’で示されるハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子または塩素原子が好ましい。式(c)中、R3’で示される低級アルキル基としては、例えばメチル、エチル、プロピルなどのC1−4アルキル基が挙げられる。式(c)で表される基のなかでも、2,4−ジフルオロフェニル基、2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル基、2−メチル−4−クロロフェニル基などが好ましく、式(c1)で表される基のなかでも、2,4−ジフルオロフェニル基、2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル基などが好ましい。
【0047】
Xはメチレン基、NH、硫黄原子または酸素原子を示すが、なかでもメチレン基または酸素原子が好ましい。
環A’は式:−CO−R1’(式中、R1’は前記と同意義である。)で表される基及び式:−SO2−Y−Ar’(式中、YおよびAr’は前記と同意義である。)で表される基で置換されており、さらに(i)置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、(ii)置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、(iii)式:−OR2’(式中、R2’は前記と同意義を示す。)で表される基および(iv)ハロゲン原子からなる群より選ばれる1乃至4個の置換基で置換されていてもよい5〜8員環を示すが、(i)置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、(ii)置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基および(iv)ハロゲン原子から選ばれる1乃至4個の置換基で置換されていてもよい5〜8員環が好ましい。
これらの置換基は、環A’上の置換可能な位置に置換しうる。環を構成するXがNHまたはメチレン基である場合には該NHまたは該メチレン基にも置換可能である。環A’が複数個の置換基で置換されている場合、それらの置換基の種類は同一であっても異なっていてもよい。また、同一の炭素原子上に2個の置換基が置換していてもよい。
環A’の置換基である「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」および「置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基」としては、例えば、前述のRにおけるそれらと同様のものが挙げられる。
【0048】
R2’における「置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基」としては、例えば、前述のRにおけるそれらと同様のものが挙げられる。
環A’の置換基としては、1または2個のC1−6アルキル基(例、メチル基、tert−ブチル基などのC1−4アルキル基)、フェニル基、ハロゲン原子(例、フッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素など)などが好ましく用いられる。
sは0ないし2の整数を、tは1ないし3の整数を示し、sとtの和は4以下であるが、sが1、tが1であるのが好ましい。
式:
【化60】
で表される基は式:
【化61】
で表される基を示す。
【0049】
式(II)で表される化合物としては、例えば、次の化合物などが好ましい。
(1)R1’が式:−OR1a’(R1a’がC1−6アルキル基を示す)で表される基であり、
式:
【化62】
で表される基が式:
【化63】
で表される基であり、
Xがメチレンまたは酸素原子であり、
Yがメチレンまたは−NH−であり、かつ
Ar’がハロゲン原子およびC1−6アルコキシより選ばれる1または2個の置換基を有していてもよいフェニル基である化合物(II)、即ち、式(IIa):
【化64】
[式中、R1a’’はC1−6アルキルを、Xaがメチレン基または酸素原子を、Yaがメチレン基または−NH−を、Ara’がハロゲン原子およびC1−6アルコキシ基より選ばれる1または2個の置換基を有していてもよいフェニル基を示す。]で表される化合物。
【0050】
(2)R1’が式:−OR1a’(R1a’がC1−6アルキル基を示す)で表される基であり、
式:
【化65】
で表される基が式:
【化66】
で表される基であり、
XおよびYが共にメチレンであるか、またはXが酸素原子でYが−NH−であり、かつ
Ar’が2個のハロゲン原子を有していてもよいフェニル基(例、2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル基など)である化合物(II)。
【0051】
(3)エチル 6−(ベンジルスルホニル)−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物1)、
エチル 6−[(4−メトキシベンジル)スルホニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物2)、
エチル 6−[(2,4−ジフルオロベンジル)スルホニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物3)、
エチル 6−[(2−クロロ−4−フルオロベンジル)スルホニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物4)、
エチル (−)−6−[(2−クロロ−4−フルオロベンジル)スルホニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物5)、
エチル (+)−6−[(2−クロロ−4−フルオロベンジル)スルホニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物6)、
エチル 3−[(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−3,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキシラート(化合物7)、および
エチル 3−[(2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−3,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキシラート(化合物8)。
(4)エチル 6−[(2−クロロ−4−フルオロベンジル)スルホニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物4)、
エチル (+)−6−[(2−クロロ−4−フルオロベンジル)スルホニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物6)、および
エチル 3−[(2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−3,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキシラート(化合物8)。
【0052】
式(I)、(II)で表される化合物において立体異性体が存在する場合は、それぞれの立体異性体並びにそれら立体異性体の混合物の何れもが本発明に包含されるものである。
さらに、式(I)で表される化合物が式(Icc)または(Inn)で表される化合物である場合及び式(II)で表される化合物の式(b)が式(b1)であり、sおよびtが1である場合は、それぞれシクロアルケンもしくはシクロヘキセン環内の不斉炭素に基づく、光学異性体が存在するが、それぞれの光学異性体ならびにそれら光学異性体の混合物のいずれもが本発明に包含されるものである。
【0053】
本発明の重症セプシス予防治療剤に用いられる化合物(I)、(II)(以下、これらをまとめて化合物Aと略記する)は、例えば、無機塩基との塩、有機塩基との塩、無機酸との塩、有機酸との塩、塩基性または酸性アミノ酸との塩などにすることができる。無機塩基との塩としては、例えば、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩などのアルカリ金属塩;カルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩などのアルカリ土類金属塩;アルミニウム塩、アンモニウム塩などが用いられ、有機塩基との塩としては、例えば、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、ピリジン、ピコリン、エタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、ジシクロヘキシルアミン、N,N’−ジベンジルエチレンジアミンなどとの塩が用いられる。無機酸との塩としては、例えば塩酸、臭化水素酸、硝酸、硫酸、リン酸などとの塩が用いられ、有機酸との塩としては、例えばギ酸、酢酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、フマール酸、シュウ酸、酒石酸、マレイン酸、クエン酸、コハク酸、リンゴ酸、メタンスルホン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸などとの塩が用いられる。塩基性アミノ酸との塩としては、例えば、アルギニン、リジン、オルニチンなどとの塩が用いられ、酸性アミノ酸との塩としては、例えば、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸などとの塩が用いられる。
【0054】
化合物Aまたはその塩のプロドラッグは、生体内における生理条件下で酵素や胃酸などによる反応により化合物Aに変換する化合物、すなわち酵素的に酸化、還元、加水分解などを起こして化合物Aに変化する化合物、胃酸などにより加水分解などを起こして化合物Aに変化する化合物をいう。化合物Aのプロドラッグとしては、化合物Aのアミノ基がアシル化、アルキル化、りん酸化された化合物(例、化合物Aのアミノ基がエイコサノイル化、アラニル化、ペンチルアミノカルボニル化、2−ヒドロキシプロピオニル化、2−アセトキシプロピオニル化、(5−メチル−2−オキソ−1,3−ジオキソレン−4−イル)メトキシカルボニル化、テトラヒドロフラニル化、ピロリジルメチル化、ピバロイルオキシメチル化、tert−ブチル化された化合物など);化合物Aの水酸基がアシル化、アルキル化、りん酸化、ほう酸化された化合物(例、化合物Aの水酸基がアセチル化、パルミトイル化、プロパノイル化、ピバロイル化、サクシニル化、フマリル化、アラニル化、ジメチルアミノメチルカルボニル化された化合物など);化合物Aのカルボキシル基がエステル化、アミド化された化合物(例、化合物Aのカルボキシル基がエチルエステル化、フェニルエステル化、カルボキシメチルエステル化、ジメチルアミノメチルエステル化、ピバロイルオキシメチルエステル化、エトキシカルボニルオキシエチルエステル化、フタリジルエステル化、(5−メチル−2−オキソ−1,3−ジオキソレン−4−イル)メチルエステル化、シクロヘキシルオキシカルボニルエチルエステル化、メチルアミド化された化合物など);などが挙げられる。これらの化合物は自体公知の方法によって、化合物Aから製造することができる。
また、化合物Aのプロドラッグは、広川書店1990年刊「医薬品の開発」第7巻分子設計163頁から198頁に記載されているような、生理的条件で化合物Aに変化するものであってもよい。
【0055】
化合物(I)またはその塩あるいはそのプロドラッグは、自体公知の方法、例えば、WO99/46242に記載の製造法あるいはそれに準じる方法に従って、また化合物(II)またはその塩あるいはそのプロドラッグは、WO01/10826に記載の製造法あるいはそれに準じる方法に従って製造することができる。
【0056】
また、光学活性化合物またはその塩が、鏡像体を含んでいる場合には、これを通常の分離方法、例えば、光学活性酸(例、カンファースルホン酸など)または光学活性塩基(例、1−メチルベンジルアミンなど)との塩を生成させるジアステレオマー塩法や、光学活性なホスト分子(例、1,6−ビス(2−クロロフェニル)−1,6−ジフェニルヘキサ−2,4−ジイン−1,6−ジオール)を用いる包接化合物法や、各種クロマトグラフィー(例、光学活性カラムを用いる液体クロマトグラフィーなど)、分別再結晶などの分離手段によって、光学的に純粋な化合物を得ることができる。
化合物Aまたはその塩あるいはそのプロドラッグ(以下、包括的に化合物Aという)は水和物であっても無水和物であってもよい。
また、化合物Aは同位元素(例、3H、14C、35S、125Iなど)などで標識されていてもよい。
【0057】
本発明におけるシクロアルケン化合物および化合物Aは、人体に対する安全性が高く、医薬(例えば、各種疾病の予防・治療剤)、動物薬などとして、哺乳動物(例、ラット、マウス、モルモット、サル、ウシ、イヌ、ブタ、ヒト等)に用いられる。
本発明におけるシクロアルケン化合物および化合物Aは、低毒性で一酸化窒素(NO)産生抑制作用およびTNF−α、IL−1、IL−6などの炎症性サイトカイン産生抑制作用を有しているので、重症セプシスを含むセプシスのみならず、哺乳動物(例えば、ネコ、ウシ、イヌ、ウマ、ヤギ、サル、ヒトなど)の心疾患、自己免疫疾患、炎症性疾患、中枢神経系疾患、感染性疾患、セプティックショック、免疫機能低下症などの疾患、例えば敗血症、エンドトキシンショック、エキソトキシンショック、全身性炎症反応症候群(SIRS)、代償性抗炎症反応症候群(CARS)、熱傷、外傷、手術後合併症、心不全、ショック、低血圧、リウマチ関節炎、骨関節炎、胃炎、潰瘍性大腸炎、消化性潰瘍、ストレス性胃潰瘍、クローン病、自己免疫疾患、臓器移植後の組織障害および拒絶反応、虚血再潅流障害、急性冠微小血管塞栓、ショック性血管塞栓(播種性血管内血液凝固(DIC)など)、虚血性脳障害、動脈硬化、悪性貧血、ファンコニー貧血症、鎌形赤血球性貧血病、膵炎、ネフローゼ症候群、腎炎、腎不全、インシュリン依存性糖尿病、インシュリン非依存性糖尿病、肝性ポルフィリン症、アルコール中毒、パーキンソン病、慢性白血病、急性白血病、腫瘍、骨髄腫、幼児および成人性呼吸窮迫症候群、肺気腫、痴呆、アルツハイマー病、多発性硬化症、ビタミンE欠乏性、老化、サンバーン、筋ジストロフィー、心筋炎、心筋症、心筋梗塞、心筋梗塞後遺症、骨粗鬆症、肺炎、肝炎、乾癬、疼痛、白内障、インフルエンザ感染症、マラリア、ヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)感染症、放射線障害、火傷、体外受精効率化、高カルシウム血症、硬直性脊椎炎、骨減少症、骨ペーチェット病、骨軟化症、骨折、急性バクテリア髄膜炎、ヘリコバクター・ピロリ感染症、侵襲性ブドウ状球菌感染症、結核、全身性真菌感染症、単純ヘルペスウイルス感染症、水痘−帯状疱疹ウイルス感染症、ヒトパピローマウイルス感染症、急性ウイルス脳炎、脳炎、髄膜炎、感染症に伴う免疫機能低下、喘息、アトピー性皮膚炎、アレルギー性鼻炎、逆流性食道炎、発熱、高コレステロール血症、高グリセリド血症、高脂血症、糖尿病性合併症、糖尿病性腎症、糖尿病性神経障害、糖尿病性網膜症、痛風、胃アトニー、痔疾、全身性エリテマトーサス、脊髄損傷、不眠症、統合失調症、癲癇、肝硬変、肝不全、不安定狭心症、心弁膜症、透析による血小板減少症または低血圧症、急性虚血性脳卒中、急性期脳血栓症、癌転移、膀胱癌、乳癌、子宮頸部癌、大腸癌、胃癌、卵巣癌、前立腺癌、小細胞肺癌、非小細胞肺癌、悪性黒色腫、ホジキン病、非ホジキン性リンパ腫、抗癌剤や免疫抑制剤投与による副作用などの予防・治療にも有効に使用することができる。従って、シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aを含有してなる本発明の重症セプシス予防治療剤は、上記の疾患を併発する重症セプシス患者の治療薬として有用である。
【0058】
シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aは他の薬物と併用して使用することができる。そのような併用薬としては、例えば、抗菌薬、抗真菌薬、非ステロイド性抗炎症薬、ステロイド薬、抗凝血薬、抗血小板薬、血栓溶解薬、免疫調節薬、抗原虫薬、鎮咳・去たん薬、鎮静薬、麻酔薬、麻薬拮抗薬、抗潰瘍薬、高脂血症治療薬、動脈硬化症治療薬、HDL増加薬、不安定プラーク安定化薬、心筋保護薬、甲状腺機能低下症治療薬、ネフローゼ症候群治療薬、慢性腎不全治療薬、利尿薬、高血圧治療薬、心不全治療薬、筋弛緩薬、抗てんかん薬、強心薬、血管拡張薬、血管収縮薬、不整脈治療薬、糖尿病治療薬、昇圧薬、精神安定薬、抗精神病薬、アルツハイマー病治療薬、抗パーキンソン薬、筋萎縮性脊髄側索硬化症治療薬、神経栄養因子、抗うつ薬、精神分裂病治療薬、抗腫瘍薬、ビタミン薬、ビタミン誘導体、関節炎治療薬、抗リウマチ薬、抗アレルギー薬、抗喘息薬、アトピー性皮膚炎治療薬、アレルギー性鼻炎治療薬、頻尿・尿失禁治療薬、タンパク質分解薬、タンパク質分解酵素阻害薬、抗SIDS薬、抗セプシス薬、抗セプティックショック薬、エンドトキシン拮抗薬あるいは抗体、シグナル伝達阻害薬、炎症性メディエーター作用抑制薬、炎症性メディエーター作用抑制抗体、炎症性メディエーター産生抑制薬、抗炎症性メディエーター作用抑制薬、抗炎症性メディエーター作用抑制抗体、抗炎症性メディエーター産生抑制薬、α1アドレナリン作動薬などが挙げられ、なかでも抗菌薬、抗真菌薬、非ステロイド性抗炎症薬、ステロイド薬、抗凝血薬などが好ましい。具体的には以下のものが挙げられる。
【0059】
(1)抗菌薬
▲1▼サルファ剤
スルファメチゾール、スルフィソキサゾール、スルファモノメトキシン、スルファメチゾール、サラゾスルファピリジン、スルファジアジン銀など。
▲2▼キノリン系抗菌薬
ナリジクス酸、ピペミド酸三水和物、エノキサシン、ノルフロキサシン、オフロキサシン、トシル酸トスフロキサシン、塩酸シプロフロキサシン、塩酸ロメフロキサシン、スパルフロキサシン、フレロキサシンなど。
▲3▼抗結核薬
イソニアジド、エタンブトール(塩酸エタンブトール)、パラアミノサリチル酸(パラアミノサリチル酸カルシウム)、ピラジナミド、エチオナミド、プロチオナミド、リファンピシン、硫酸ストレプトマイシン、硫酸カナマイシン、サイクロセリンなど。
▲4▼抗酸菌薬
ジアフェニルスルホン、リファンピシリンなど。
▲5▼抗ウイルス薬
イドクスウリジン、アシクロビル、ビタラビン、ガンシクロビルなど。
▲6▼抗HIV薬
ジドブジン、ジダノシン、ザルシタビン、硫酸インジナビルエタノール付加物、リトナビルなど。
▲7▼抗スピロヘータ薬
▲8▼抗生物質
塩酸テトラサイクリン、アンピシリン、ピペラシリン、ゲンタマイシン、ジベカシン、カネンドマイシン、リビドマイシン、トブラマイシン、アミカシン、フラジオマイシン、シソマイシン、テトラサイクリン、オキシテトラサイクリン、ロリテトラサイクリン、ドキシサイクリン、アンピシリン、ピペラシリン、チカルシリン、セファロチン、セファピリン、セファロリジン、セファクロル、セファレキシン、セフロキサジン、セファドロキシル、セファマンドール、セフォトアム、セフロキシム、セフォチアム、セフォチアムヘキセチル、セフロキシムアキセチル、セフジニル、セフジトレンピボキシル、セフタジジム、セフピラミド、セフスロジン、セフメノキシム、セフポドキシムプロキセチル、セフピロム、セファゾプラン、セフェピム、セフスロジン、セフメノキシム、セフメタゾール、セフミノクス、セフォキシチン、セフブペラゾン、ラタモキナセフ、フロモキセフ、セファゾリン、セフォタキシム、セフォペラゾン、セフチゾキシム、モキサラクタム、チエナマイシン、スルファゼシン、アズスレオナムまたはそれらの塩、グリセオフルビン、ランカシジン類〔ジャーナル・オブ・アンチバイオティックス(J.Antibiotics),38,877−885(1985)〕など。
(2)抗真菌薬
▲1▼ポリエチレン系抗生物質(例、アムホテリシンB、ナイスタチン、トリコマイシン)
▲2▼グリセオフルビン、ピロールニトリンなど
▲3▼シトシン代謝拮抗薬(例、フルシトシン)
▲4▼イミダゾール誘導体(例、エコナゾール、クロトリマゾール、硝酸ミコナゾール、ビホナゾール、クロコナゾール)
▲5▼トリアゾール誘導体(例、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾール、アゾール系化合物〔2−〔(1R,2R)−2−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)−2−ヒドロキシ−1−メチル−3−(1H−1,2,4−トリアゾール−1−イル)プロピル〕−4−〔4−(2,2,3,3−テトラフルオロプロポキシ)フェニル〕−3(2H,4H)−1,2,4−トリアゾロン〕
▲6▼チオカルバミン酸誘導体(例、トリナフトール)
▲7▼エキノカンジン系誘導体(例、カスポファンジン、ミカファンジン、アニデュラファンジン)など。
(3)非ステロイド性抗炎症薬
アセトアミノフェン、フェナセチン、エテンザミド、スルピリン、アンチピリン、ミグレニン、アスピリン、メフェナム酸、フルフェナム酸、ジクロフェナックナトリウム、ロキソプロフェンナトリウム、フェニルブタゾン、インドメタシン、イブプロフェン、ケトプロフェン、ナプロキセン、オキサプロジン、フルルビプロフェン、フェンブフェン、プラノプロフェン、フロクタフェニン、エピリゾール、塩酸チアラミド、ザルトプロフェン、メシル酸ガベキサート、メシル酸カモスタット、ウリナスタチン、コルヒチン、プロベネジド、スルフィンピラゾン、ベンズブロマロン、アロプリノール、金チオリンゴ酸ナトリウム、ヒアルロン酸ナトリウム、サリチル酸ナトリウム、塩酸モルヒネ、サリチル酸、アトロピン、スコポラミン、モルヒネ、ペチジン、レボルファイノール、ケトプロフェン、ナプロキセン、オキシモルフォンまたはその塩など。
(4)ステロイド薬
デキサメサゾン、ヘキセストロール、メチマゾール、ベタメサゾン、トリアムシノロン、トリアムシノロンアセトニド、フルオシノニド、フルオシノロンアセトニド、プレドニゾロン、メチルプレドニゾロン、酢酸コルチゾン、ヒドロコルチゾン、フルオロメトロン、プロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン、エストリオールなど。
(5)抗凝血薬
ヘパリンナトリウム、クエン酸ナトリウム、活性化プロテインC、組織因子経路阻害剤、アンチトロンビンIII、ダルテパリンナトリウム、ワルファリンカリウム、アルガトロバン、ガベキサート、クエン酸ナトリウムなど。
【0060】
(6)抗血小板薬
オザクレルナトリウム、イコサペンタ酸エチル、ベラプロストナトリウム、アルプロスタジル、塩酸チクロピジン、ペントキシフィリン、ジピリダモールなど。
(7)血栓溶解薬
チソキナーゼ、ウロキナーゼ、ストレプトキナーゼなど。
(8)免疫調節薬
シクロスポリン、タクロリムス、グスペリムス、アザチオプリン、抗リンパ血清、乾燥スルホ化免疫グロブリン、エリスロポイエチン、コロニー刺激因子、インターロイキン、インターフェロンなど。
(9)抗原虫薬
メトロニダゾール、チニダゾール、クエン酸ジエチルカルバマジン、塩酸キニーネ、硫酸キニーネなど。
(10)鎮咳・去たん薬
塩酸エフェドリン、塩酸ノスカピン、リン酸コデイン、リン酸ジヒドロコデイン、塩酸イソプロテレノール、塩酸エフェドリン、塩酸メチルエフェドリン、塩酸ノスカピン、アロクラマイド、クロルフェジアノール、ピコペリダミン、クロペラスチン、プロトキロール、イソプロテレノール、サルブタモール、テレプタリン、オキシペテバノール、塩酸モルヒネ、臭化水素酸デキストロペトルファン、塩酸オキシコドン、リン酸ジモルファン、ヒベンズ酸チペピジン、クエン酸ペントキシベリン、塩酸クロフェダノール、ベンゾナテート、グアイフェネシン、塩酸ブロムヘキシン、塩酸アンブロキソール、アセチルシステイン、塩酸エチルシステイン、カルボシステインなど。
(11)鎮静薬
塩酸クロルプロマジン、硫酸アトロピン、フェノバルビタール、バルビタール、アモバルビタール、ペントバルビタール、チオペンタールナトリウム、チアミラールナトリウム、ニトラゼパム、エスタゾラム、フルラザパム、ハロキサゾラム、トリアゾラム、フルニトラゼパム、ブロムワレリル尿素、抱水クロラール、トリクロホスナトリウムなど。
(12)麻酔薬
(12−1)局所麻酔薬
塩酸コカイン、塩酸プロカイン、リドカイン、塩酸ジブカイン、塩酸テトラカイン、塩酸メピバカイン、塩酸ブピバカイン、塩酸オキシブプロカイン、アミノ安息香酸エチル、オキセサゼイン)など。
(12−2)全身麻酔薬
▲1▼吸入麻酔薬(例、エーテル、ハロタン、亜酸化窒素、インフルラン、エンフルラン)、
▲2▼静脈麻酔薬(例、塩酸ケタミン、ドロペリドール、チオペンタールナトリウム、チアミラールナトリウム、ペントバルビタール)など。
(13)麻薬拮抗薬
レバロルファン、ナロルフィン、ナロキソンまたはその塩など。
(14)抗潰瘍薬
メタクロプロミド、塩酸ヒスチジン、ランソプラゾール、メトクロプラミド、ピレンゼピン、シメチジン、ラニチジン、ファモチジン、ウロガストリン、オキセサゼイン、プログルミド、オメプラゾール、スクラルファート、スルピリド、セトラキサート、ゲファルナート、アルジオキサ、テプレノン、プロスタグランジンなど。
【0061】
(15)高脂血症治療薬
HMG−CoA還元酵素阻害薬(例、フルバスタチン、セリバスタチン、アトルバスタチンなど)、フィブラート系薬剤(例、シンフィブラート、クロフィブラートアルミニウム、クリノフィブラート、フェノフィブラートなど)、胆汁酸吸着薬(例、コレスチラミンなど)、ニコチン酸製剤(例、ニコモール、ニセリトロール、ニコチン酸トコフェロールなど)、プロブコール及びその誘導体、多価不飽和脂肪酸誘導体(例、イコサペント酸エチル、ポリエンフォスファチジルコリン、メリナミドなど)、植物ステロール(例、ガンマ−オリザノール、ソイステロールなど)、エラスターゼ、デキストラン硫酸ナトリウム、スクワレン合成酵素阻害薬、スクワレンエポキシダーゼ阻害薬、CETP阻害薬、2−クロロ−3−〔4−(2−メチル−2−フェニルプロポキシ)フェニル〕プロピオン酸エチル〔ケミカル・アンド・ファーマシューティカル・ブレティン(Chem. Pharm. Bull),38,2792−2796(1990)〕、LDL受容体増加薬、コレステロール吸収阻害薬(Ezetimibeなど)、MTP阻害薬、回腸胆汁酸トランスポーター阻害薬、SCAPリガンド、FXRリガンドなど。
(16)動脈硬化症治療薬
MMP阻害薬、キマーゼ阻害薬、ACAT阻害薬(Avasimibe, Eflucimibeなど)、apoAI Milanoとその類似物質、スカベンジャー受容体阻害薬、15−リポキシゲナーゼ阻害薬、ホスホリパーゼA2阻害薬、ABCA1活性加薬、LXRリガンド、スフィンゴミエリナーゼ阻害薬、パラオキソナーゼ活性加薬、エストロジェン受容体作動薬など。
(17)HDL増加薬
スクワレン合成酵素阻害薬、CETP阻害薬、LPL活性化薬など。
(18)不安定プラーク安定化薬
MMP阻害薬、キマーゼ阻害薬、ACAT阻害薬、リピド・リッチ・プラーク退縮剤など。
(19)心筋保護薬
心臓ATP−K用口薬、エンドセリン拮抗薬、ウロテンシン拮抗薬など。
(20)甲状腺機能低下症治療薬
乾燥甲状腺(チレオイド),レボチロキシンナトリウム(チラージンS),リオチロニジンナトリウム(サイロニン、チロミン)など。
(21)ネフローゼ症候群治療薬
プレドニゾロン(プレドニン),コハク酸プレドニゾロンナトリウム(プレドニン),コハク酸メチルプレドニゾロンナトリウム(ソル・メドロール),ベタメタゾン(リンデロン)など。
(22)慢性腎不全治療薬
利尿薬〔例、フロセミド(ラシックス),ブメタニド(ルネトロン),アゾセミド(ダイアート)〕、降圧薬〔例、ACE阻害薬、マレイン酸エナラプリル(レニベース)、Ca拮抗薬(マニジピン)、α受容体遮断薬、AII拮抗薬(カンデサルタン)〕など。
(23)利尿薬
サイアザイド系利尿薬(ベンチルヒドロクロロチアジド、シクロペンチアジド、エチアジド、ヒドロクロロチアジド、ヒドロフルメチアジド、メチクロチアジド、ペンフルチアジド、ポリチアジド、トリクロルメチアジドなど)、ループ利尿薬(クロルタリドン、クロフェナミド、インダパミド、メフルシド、メチクラン、ソトラゾン、トリバミド、キネタゾン、メトラゾン、フロセミドなど)、カリウム保持性利尿薬(スピロノラクトン、トリアムテレンなど)。
【0062】
(24)高血圧治療薬
▲1▼交感神経抑制薬
α2刺激薬(例、クロニジン、グアナベンズ、グアンファシン、メチルドパなど)、神経節遮断薬(例、ヘキサメトニウム、トリメタファンなど)、シナプス前遮断剤(例、アルサーオキシロン、ジメチルアミノレセルピナート、レシナミン、レセルピン、シロシンゴピンなど)、ニューロン遮断薬(例、ベタニジン、グアネチジンなど)、α1遮断薬(例、ブナゾシン、ドキサゾシン、プラゾシン、テラゾシン、ウラピジルなど)、β遮断薬(例、プルプラノロール、ナドロール、チモロール、ニプラジロール、ブニトロロール、インデノロール、ペンブトロール、カルテオロール、カルベジロール、ピンドロール、アセブトロール、アテノロール、ビソプロロール、メトプロロール、ラベタロール、アモスラロール、アロチノロールなど)など。
▲2▼血管拡張薬
カルシウムチャンネル拮抗薬(例、マニジピン、ニカルジピン、ニルバジピン、ニソルジピン、ニトレンジピン、ベニジピン、アムロジピン、アラニジピンなど)、フタラジン誘導体(例、ブトララジン、カドララジン、エカラジン、ヒドララジン、トドララジンなど)など。
▲3▼ACE阻害薬
アラセプリル、カプトプリル、シラザプリル、デラプリル、エナラプリル、リジノプリル、テモカプリル、トランドラプリル、キナプリル、イミダプリル、ベナゼプリル、ベリンドプリルなど。
▲4▼AII拮抗薬
ロサルタン、カンデサルタン、バルサルタン、テルミサルタン、イルベサルタン、フォラサルタンなど。
▲5▼利尿薬(例えば前述の利尿薬など)
(25)心不全治療薬
強心薬(例、ジギトキシン、ジゴキシン、メチルジゴキシン、ラナトシドC、プロスシラリジンなど)、α、β刺激薬(例、エピネフリン、ノルエピネフリン、イソプロテレノール、ドパミン、ドカルパミン、ドブタミン、デノパミンなど)、ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害薬(例、アムリノン、ミルリノン、塩酸オルプリノンなど)カルシウムチャンネル感受性増強薬(例、ピモベンタンなど)、硝酸薬(例、ニトログリセリン、硝酸イソソルビドなど)、ACE阻害薬(例えば前述のACE阻害薬など)、利尿薬(例えば前述の利尿薬など)、カルペリチド、ユビデカレノン、ベスナリノン、アミノフィリンなど。
(26)筋弛緩薬
プリジノール、ツボクラリン、パンクロニウム、塩酸トルペリゾン、カルバミン酸クロルフェネシン、バクロフェン、クロルメザノン、メフェネシン、クロゾキサゾン、エペリゾン、チザニジンなど。
(27)抗てんかん薬
フェニトイン、エトサクシミド、アセタゾラミド、クロルジアゼポキシド、トリペタジオン、カルバマゼピン、フェノバルビタール、プリミドン、スルチアム、パルプロ酸ナトリウム、クロナゼパム、ジアゼパム、ニトラゼパムなど。
(28)強心薬
トランスバイオキソカンファー、テレフィロール、アミノフィリン、エチレフリン、ドパミン、ドブタミン、デノパミン、アミノフィリン、ベシナリン、アムリノン、ピモベンダン、ユビデカレノン、ジギトキシン、ジゴキシン、メチルジゴキシン、ラナトシドC、G−ストロファンチンなど。
(29)血管拡張薬
オキシフェドリン、ジルチアゼム、トラゾリン、ヘキソベンジン、バメタン、クロニジン、メチルドパ、グアナベンズなど。
(30)血管収縮薬
ドパミン、ドブタミンデノパミンなど。
(31)不整脈治療薬
▲1▼ナトリウムチャンネル遮断薬(例、キニジン、プロカインアミド、ジソピラミド、アジマリン、シベンゾリン、リドカイン、ジフェニルヒダントイン、メキシレチン、プロパフェノン、フレカイニド、ピルジカイニド、フェニトインなど)、
▲2▼β遮断薬(例、プロプラノロール、アルプレノロール、プフェトロール、オクスプレノロール、アテノール、アセブトロール、メトプロロール、ビソプロロール、ピンドロール、カルテオロール、アロチロールなど)、
▲3▼カリウムチャンネル遮断薬(例、アミオダロンなど)、
▲4▼カルシウムチェンネル遮断薬(例、ベラパミル、ジルチアゼムなど)など。(32)昇圧薬
ドパミン、ドブタミン、デノパミン、ジギトキシン、ジゴキシン、メチルジゴキシン、ラナトシドC、G−ストロファンチンなど。
(33)糖尿病治療薬
スルホニル尿素剤(例、トルブタミド、クロルプロパミド、グリクロピラミド、アセトヘキサミド、トラザミド、グリベンクラミド、グリブゾールなど)、ビグアナイド剤(例、塩酸メトホルミン、塩酸ブホルミンなど)、α−グルコシダーゼ阻害薬(例、ボグリボース、アカルボースなど)、インスリン抵抗性改善薬(例、ピオグリタゾン、ロジグリタゾン、トログリタゾンなど)、インスリン、グルカゴン、糖尿病性合併症治療薬(例、エパルレスタットなど)など。
【0063】
(34)精神安定薬
ジアゼパム、ロラゼパム、オキサゼパム、クロルジアゼポキシド、メダゼパム、オキサゾラム、クロキサゾラム、クロチアゼパム、ブロマゼパム、エチゾラム、フルジアゼパム、ヒドロキシジンなど。
(35)抗精神病薬
塩酸クロルプロマジン、プロクロルペラジン、トリフロペラジン、塩酸チオリダジン、マレイン酸ペルフェナジン、エナント酸フルフェナジン、マレイン酸プロクロルペラジン、マレイン酸レボメプロマジン、塩酸プロメタジン、ハロペリドール、ブロムペリドール、スピペロン、レセルピン、塩酸クロカプラミン、スルピリド、ゾテピンなど。
(36)アルツハイマー病治療薬
▲1▼ドネペジル、リバスチグミン、ガランタミン、TAK−147等のコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤、
▲2▼イデベノン、メマンチン、ビンポセチン等の脳機能賦活薬など。
(37)抗パーキンソン薬
L−ドーパ、デプレニル、カルビドパ+レボドパ、ペルゴライド、ロピニロール、カベルゴリン、プラミペキソール、エンタカプロン、ラザベミドなど。
(38)筋萎縮性脊髄側索硬化症治療薬
リルゾール、メカセルミン、ガバペンチンなど。
(39)抗うつ薬
イミプラミン、クロミプラミン、ノキシプチリン、フェネルジン、塩酸アミトリプチリン、塩酸ノルトリプチリン、アモキサピン、塩酸ミアンセリン、塩酸マプロチリン、スルピリド、マレイン酸フルボキサミン、塩酸トラゾドンなど。
(40)精神分裂病治療薬
オランザピン、リスペリドン、クエチアピン、イロペリドンなど。
(41)抗腫瘍薬
6−O−(N−クロロアセチルカルバモイル)フマギロール、ブレオマイシン、メトトレキサート、アクチノマイシンD、マイトマイシンC、ダウノルビシン、アドリアマイシン、ネオカルチノスタチン、シトシンアラビノシド、フルオロウラシル、テトラヒドロフリル−5−フルオロウラシル、ピシバニール、レンチナン、レバミゾール、ベスタチン、アジメキソン、グリチルリチン、塩酸ドキソルビシン、塩酸アクラルビシン、塩酸ブレオマイシン、硫酸ヘプロマイシン、硫酸ビンクリスチン、硫酸ビンブラスチン、塩酸イリノテカン、シクロフォスファミド、メルファラン、ズスルファン、チオテパ、塩酸プロカルバジン、シスプラチン、アザチオプリン、メルカプトプリン、テガフール、カルモフール、シタラビン、メチルテストステロン、プロピオン酸テストステロン、エナント酸テストステロン、メピチオスタン、ホスフェストロール、酢酸クロルマジノン、酢酸エユープリン、酢酸ブセレリンなど。
(42)ビタミン薬
▲1▼ビタミンA類:ビタミンA1、ビタミンA2およびパルミチン酸レチノール
▲2▼ビタミンD類:ビタミンD1、D2、D3、D4およびD5
▲3▼ビタミンE類:α−トコフェロール、β−トコフェロール、γ−トコフェロール、δ−トコフェロール、ニコチン酸dl−α−トコフェロール
▲4▼ビタミンK類:ビタミンK1、K2、K3およびK4
▲5▼葉酸(ビタミンM)
▲6▼ビタミンB類:ビタミンB1、ビタミンB2、ビタミンB3、ビタミンB5、ビタミンB6およびビタミンB12
▲7▼ビオチン(ビタミンH)など。
(43)ビタミン誘導体
ビタミンの各種誘導体、例えば、5,6−トランス−コレカルシフェロール、2,5−ヒドロキシコレカルシフェロール、1−α−ヒドロキシコレカルシフェロールなどのビタミンD3誘導体、5,6−トランス−エルゴカルシフェロール等のビタミンD2誘導体など。
【0064】
(44)抗アレルギー薬
ジフェンヒドラミン、クロルフェニラミン、トリペレナミン、メトジラミン、クレミゾール、ジフェニルピラリン、メトキシフェナミン、クロモグリク酸ナトリウム、トラニラスト、レピリナスト、アンレキサノクス、イブジラスト、ケトチフェン、テルフェナジン、メキタジン、アセラスチン、エピナスチン、塩酸オザグレル、プランルカスト水和物、セラトロダストなど。
(45)抗喘息薬
塩酸イソプレナリン、硫酸サルブタモール、塩酸プロカテロール、硫酸テルブタリン、塩酸トリメトキノール、塩酸ツロブテロール、硫酸オルシプレナリン、臭化水素酸フェノテロール、塩酸エフェドリン、臭化イプロトロピウム、臭化オキシトロピウム、臭化フルトロピウム、テオフィリン、アミノフィリン、クロモグリク酸ナトリウム、トラニラスト、レピリナスト、アンレキサノン、イブジラスト、ケトチフェン、テルフェナジン、メキタジン、アゼラスチン、エピナスチン、塩酸オザグレル、プランルカスト水和物、セラトロダスト、デキサメタゾン、プレドニゾロン、ヒドロコルチアオン、プロピオン酸ベクロペタゾンなど。
(46)アトピー性皮膚炎治療薬
クロモグリク酸ナトリウムなど。
(47)アレルギー性鼻炎治療薬
クロモグリク酸ナトリウム、マレイン酸クロルフェニラミン、酒石酸アリメマジン、フマル酸クレマスチン、塩酸ホモクロルシクリジン、テルフェナジン、メキタジンなど。
(48)頻尿・尿失禁治療薬
塩酸フラボキサートなど。
(49)抗セプシス薬
rBPI−21(バクテリシダルパーミアビリティ インクリージング プロテイン)、BI−51017(アンチトロンビンIII)、SC−59735(rTFPI)、r−PAFアセチルヒドラーゼ、LY−203638(r−活性化プロテインC)、抗TNF−α抗体、抗CD14抗体等のペプチド性化合物、JTE−607、E−5531、E−5564、S−5920、FR−167653、ONO−1714、ONO−5046(sivelestat)、GW−273629、RWJ−67657等の非ペプチド性化合物など。
(50)その他
ヒドロキシカム、ダイアセリン、メゲストロール酢酸、ニセロゴリン、プロスタグランジン類など。
【0065】
シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aと他の薬物とを併用した場合、次のような効果を有する。
(1)シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aや併用薬物を単独投与した場合よりも、これらの投与量を軽減することができる。
(2)上記したセプシス、特に重症セプシス、セプティックショック、炎症性疾患、感染性疾患等の疾患に対して、相乗的な治療効果が得られる。
(3)菌感染などの疾患に伴い発症する種々の疾患に対して、広く治療効果を発揮する。
併用に際しては、シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aと併用薬物の投与時期は限定されず、シクロアルケン化合物もしくは化合物Aまたはその医薬組成物と併用薬物またはその医薬組成物とを、投与対象に対し、同時に投与してもよいし、時間差をおいて投与してもよい。併用薬物の投与量は、臨床上用いられている投与量に準ずればよく、投与対象、投与ルート、疾患、組み合わせ等により適宜選択することができる。
併用の投与形態は、特に限定されず、投与時に、シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aと併用薬物とが組み合わされていればよい。このような投与形態としては、例えば、(1)シクロアルケン化合物もしくは化合物Aまたはその医薬組成物と併用薬物とを同時に製剤化して得られる単一の製剤の投与、(2)シクロアルケン化合物もしくは化合物Aまたはその医薬組成物と併用薬物またはその医薬組成物とを別々に製剤化して得られる2種の製剤の同一投与経路での同時投与、(3)シクロアルケン化合物もしくは化合物Aまたはその医薬組成物と併用薬物またはその医薬組成物とを別々に製剤化して得られる2種の製剤の同一投与経路での時間差をおいての投与、(4)シクロアルケン化合物もしくは化合物Aまたはその医薬組成物と併用薬物またはその医薬組成物とを別々に製剤化して得られる2種の製剤の異なる投与経路での同時投与、(5)シクロアルケン化合物もしくは化合物Aまたはその医薬組成物と併用薬物またはその医薬組成物とを別々に製剤化して得られる2種の製剤の異なる投与経路での時間差をおいての投与(例えば、シクロアルケン化合物もしくは化合物Aまたはその医薬組成物;併用薬物またはその医薬組成物の順序での投与、あるいは逆の順序での投与)などが挙げられる。
【0066】
本発明の併用剤におけるシクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aと併用薬物との配合比は、投与対象、投与ルート、疾患等により適宜選択することができる。
例えば、本発明の併用剤におけるシクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aの含有量は、製剤の形態によって相違するが、通常製剤全体に対して約0.01ないし100重量%、好ましくは約0.1ないし50重量%、さらに好ましくは約0.5ないし20重量%程度である。
本発明の併用剤における併用薬物の含有量は、製剤の形態によって相違するが、通常製剤全体に対して約0.01ないし100重量%、好ましくは約0.1ないし50重量%、さらに好ましくは約0.5ないし20重量%程度である。
本発明の併用剤における担体等の添加剤の含有量は、製剤の形態によって相違するが、通常製剤全体に対して約1ないし99.99重量%、好ましくは約10ないし90重量%程度である。
また、シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aおよび併用薬物をそれぞれ別々に製剤化する場合も同様の含有量でよい。
【0067】
シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aをヒトに投与する場合、それ自体あるいは適宜の薬理学的に許容される担体、賦形剤、希釈剤などと混合し、経口投与剤(例、散剤、顆粒剤、錠剤、カプセル剤など)、非経口投与剤(例、注射剤、外用剤(例、経鼻投与製剤、経皮投与製剤など)、坐剤(例、直腸坐剤、膣坐剤など)などの医薬組成物として経口的または非経口的に安全に投与することができる。
これらの製剤は、例えば、製剤の製造において通常一般に用いられる自体公知の方法を適用することにより製造することができる。製剤中のシクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aの配合割合は、その形態によっても異なるが、例えば前記した経口投与剤においては約10乃至約95重量%が好ましく、例えば前記した非経口投与剤では約0.001乃至約95重量%が好ましい。
【0068】
例えば注射剤は、シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aを可溶化剤(例、β−シクロデキストリン類など)、分散剤(例、ツイーン(Tween)80(アトラスパウダー社製、米国)、HCO60(日光ケミカルズ製)、カルボキシメチルセルロース、アルギン酸ナトリウムなど)、保存剤(例,メチルパラベン、プロピルパラベン、ベンジルアルコール、クロロブタノールなど)、等張化剤(例、塩化ナトリウム、グリセリン、ソルビトール、ブドウ糖など)などとともに常法に従って水性注射剤にすることもでき、あるいは植物油(例、オリーブ油、ゴマ油、ラッカセイ油、綿実油、コーン油など)、プロピレングリコールなどに、適宜溶解、懸濁あるいは乳化して油性注射剤に成形することもできる。
経口投与製剤は、シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aに、例えば、賦形剤(例、乳糖、白糖、デンプンなど)、崩壊剤(例、デンプン、炭酸カルシウムなど)、結合剤(例、デンプン、アラビアゴム、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースなど)または滑沢剤(例、タルク、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ポリエチレングリコール6000など)などを適宜添加して圧縮成形し、次いで必要に応じて、味のマスキング、腸溶性あるいは持続性の目的のための自体公知の方法でのコーティングなどを施すことにより製造することもできる。コーティング剤としては、例えばヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、ヒドロキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ポリオキシエチレングリコール、ツイーン80、プルロニックF68、セルロースアセテートフタレート、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースフタレート、ヒドロキシメチルセルロースアセテートサクシネート、オイドラギッド(ローム社製、西ドイツ、メタアクリル酸、アクリル酸共重合)、色素(例、酸化チタン、ベンガラなど)などが適宜用いられる。
【0069】
シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aは、固状、半固状あるいは液状の外用剤としても用いることができる。
例えば、固状の外用剤は、シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aをそのまま、あるいは賦形剤(例、グリコール、マンニトール、デンプン、微結晶セルロースなど)、増粘剤(例、天然ガム類、セルロース誘導体、アクリル酸重合体など)などを添加、混合し、粉状の組成物とすることにより製造されることもできる。半固状の外用剤は、常法に従って製造し、水性または油性のゲル剤、あるいは軟膏剤として用いることが好ましい。液状の外用剤は、注射剤の製造に用いる手段あるいはそれに準じた手段により、油性あるいは水性の懸濁剤とすることにより製造されることもできる。
また、固状、半固状または液状の外用剤に、pH調節剤(例、炭酸、リン酸、クエン酸、塩酸、水酸化ナトリウムなど)、防腐剤(例、パラオキシ安息香酸エステル類、クロロブタノール、塩化ベンザルコニウムなど)などを適宜加えてもよい。具体的には、例えばワセリン、ラノリンなどを基剤として、1gあたりシクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aを通常約0.1乃至約100mg含有する軟膏剤として、用いることもできる。
シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aは、油性または水性の固状、半固状あるいは液状の坐剤とすることもできる。坐剤を製造する際の油性基剤としては、例えば高級脂肪酸のグリセライド(例、カカオ脂、ウィテップゾール類(ダイナマイトノーベル社製)など)、中級脂肪酸(例、ミグリオール酸(ダイナマイトノーベル社製)など)、あるいは植物油(例、ゴマ油、大豆油、綿実油など)などが適宜用いられる。また水性基剤としては、例えばポリエチレングリコール類、プロピレングリコールなどが用いられ、水性ゲル基剤としては、例えば天然ガム類、セルロース誘導体、ビニール重合体、アクリル酸重合体などが適宜用いられる。
【0070】
シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aの投与量は、年齢、体重、症状、剤形、投与方法、投与期間などにより異なるが、例えば、重症セプシスの患者(成人、体重約60kg)一人あたり、通常、化合物Aとして1日約0.01乃至約1000mg/kg、好ましくは約0.01乃至約100mg/kg、より好ましくは約0.1乃至約100mg/kg、とりわけ約0.1乃至約50mg/kgを、なかでも約1.5乃至約30mg/kgを1日1回から数回に分けて経口または非経口投与される。もちろん、前記したように投与量は種々の条件で変動するので、前記投与量より少ない量で十分な場合もあり、また範囲を超えて投与する必要のある場合もある。
本発明の併用剤の投与量は、化合物の種類、年齢、体重、症状、剤形、投与方法、投与期間などにより異なるが、例えば、重症セプシスの患者(成人、体重約60kg)一人あたり、通常、シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aおよび併用薬物として、それぞれ1日約0.01〜約1000mg/kg、好ましくは約0.01〜約100mg/kg、より好ましくは約0.1〜約100mg/kg、とりわけ約0.1〜約50mg/kgを、なかでも約1.5〜約30mg/kgを1日1回から数回に分けて静脈投与される。もちろん、前記したように投与量は種々の条件で変動するので、前記投与量より少ない量で十分な場合もあり、また範囲を超えて投与する必要のある場合もある。
併用薬物は、副作用が問題とならない範囲でどのような量を設定することも可能である。併用薬物としての一日投与量は、症状の程度、投与対象の年齢、性別、体重、感受性差、投与の時期、間隔、医薬製剤の性質、調剤、種類、有効成分の種類などによって異なり、特に限定されないが、薬物の量として通常、たとえば経口投与で哺乳動物1kg体重あたり約0.001〜2000mg、好ましくは約0.01〜500mg、さらに好ましくは、約0.1〜100mg程度であり、これを通常1日1〜4回に分けて投与する。
本発明の併用剤を投与するに際しては、同時期に投与してもよいが、併用薬物を先に投与した後、シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aを投与してもよいし、シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aを先に投与し、その後で併用薬物を投与してもよい。時間差をおいて投与する場合、時間差は投与する有効成分、剤形、投与方法により異なるが、例えば、併用薬物を先に投与する場合、併用薬物を投与した後1分〜3日以内、好ましくは10分〜1日以内、より好ましくは15分〜1時間以内にシクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aを投与する方法が挙げられる。シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aを先に投与する場合、シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aを投与した後、1分〜1日以内、好ましくは10分〜6時間以内、より好ましくは15分から1時間以内に併用薬物を投与する方法が挙げられる。
【0071】
本発明はまた、非ペプチド性化合物を含有してなるTLRシグナル阻害剤を提供する。「TLRシグナル」とは、任意のToll−like receptorが微生物の菌体成分などを認識して生体防御反応を誘導するためのシグナル伝達をいい、例えば、公知のTLR1〜TLR10を介したシグナル伝達が挙げられる。
本発明のTLRシグナル阻害剤(以下、本発明の阻害剤という場合もある)の有効成分である非ペプチド性化合物は、上記のいずれかのTLRを介したシグナル伝達を阻害しNOおよび/またはサイトカインなどの炎症性メディエーターの産生を抑制し得るものであれば特に制限はない。TLR4を介したシグナル伝達を特異的に阻害し得るものが好ましいが、他のTLRシグナルを特異的に阻害するものや、複数種のTLRを阻害し得るものもまた好ましい。例えば、分子量約1000以下、好ましくは約500以下の低分子の非ペプチド性化合物が用いられ、中でもシクロアルケン化合物または上記化合物Aが好ましく用いられる。
これらの非ペプチド性化合物は、人体に対する安全性が高く、医薬(例えば、各種疾病の予防・治療剤)、動物薬などとして、哺乳動物(例、ラット、マウス、モルモット、サル、ウシ、イヌ、ブタ、ヒト等)に用いられる。
【0072】
本発明における非ペプチド性化合物は、低毒性でTLRシグナル阻害作用を有し、NOおよび/またはサイトカインの産生などの炎症性メディエーターを抑制するので、該シグナルの変化に起因する疾患、例えば、臓器障害等の予防・治療に有用である。ここでいう臓器とは、中枢神経系、循環器系、呼吸器系、骨・関節系、消化器系または腎・尿路系の各種臓器をいう。本発明の非ペプチド性化合物を含有してなるTLRシグナル阻害剤は、具体的には、TLRシグナルの変化に起因する、
(1)中枢神経系疾患〔(i)神経変性疾患(例、老年期痴呆、アルツハイマー病、ダウン症、パーキンソン病、クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病、筋萎縮性脊髄側索硬化症、糖尿病性ニューロパシー等)、(ii)脳循環器障害(例、脳梗塞、脳出血、脳動脈硬化に伴う脳循環不全等)時、頭部外傷・脊髄損傷時、脳炎後遺症時または脳性麻痺時の神経障害、(iii)記憶障害(例、老年期痴呆、健忘症等)など〕、特にアルツハイマー病、
(2)循環器系疾患〔(i)急性心筋梗塞,不安定狭心症等の急性冠動脈症候群、(ii)末梢動脈閉塞症、(iii)冠動脈インターベンション(経皮的冠動脈形成術(PTCA),アテレクトミー(DCA),ステント留置等)後の再狭搾、(iv)冠動脈バイパス手術後の再狭窄、(v)その他の末梢動脈におけるインターベンション(血管形成術,アテレクトミー,ステント留置等)及びバイパス手術後の再狭窄、(vi)心筋梗塞,狭心症等の虚血性心疾患、(vii)間歇性跛行、(viii)脳卒中(脳梗塞、脳塞栓、脳出血など)、(ix)ラクネ梗塞、(x)脳血管性痴呆、(xi)動脈硬化症(例えば、アテローム性動脈硬化症など)およびこれらに起因する疾患(例えば、心筋梗塞等の虚血性心疾患および脳梗塞・脳卒中等の脳血管障害など)、(xii)心不全、(xiii)不整脈、(xiv)動脈硬化巣の進展、(xv)血栓形成、(xvi)低血圧症、(xvii)ショック、(xviii)ショック性血管塞栓(播種性血管内血液凝固(DIC)など)〕、特に動脈硬化症、
(3)呼吸器系疾患〔呼吸窮迫症候群、呼吸不全、肺気腫、肺炎、気管支炎、細気管支炎など〕、
(4)骨・関節系疾患〔慢性関節リウマチ、骨粗鬆症、骨軟化症、骨減少症、骨ペーチェット病、骨軟化症など〕、特に慢性関節リウマチ、
(5)消化器・肝胆膵系疾患〔潰瘍性大腸炎、胃炎、消化性潰瘍、肝硬変、肝不全、肝炎、胆嚢炎、膵炎など〕、特に潰瘍性大腸炎、
(6)腎・尿路系疾患〔腎炎、腎不全、膀胱炎など〕
またはこれらが組み合わさった疾患(多臓器不全など)などの予防・治療に有用である。また、本発明の非ペプチド性化合物を含有してなるTLRシグナル阻害剤は、TLRシグナルの変化に起因する感染症、特に臓器障害を伴うセプシス(重症セプシス)の予防・治療にも有用である。
従って、本発明は、非ペプチド性化合物(好ましくは分子量約1000以下)、好ましくはシクロアルケン化合物または上記化合物Aを有効成分として含有するTLRシグナル阻害剤を含有してなる、TLRシグナルの変化に起因する疾患(例えば、上記のいずれかの疾患)の予防治療剤をも提供する。
本発明における非ペプチド性化合物は、上記のシクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aと同様の方法により、TLRシグナル阻害剤またはそれを含有するTLRシグナルの変化に起因する疾患の予防治療剤として、製剤化することができ、上記と同様の投与経路や投与量などで哺乳動物に投与することができる。
【0073】
本発明における非ペプチド性化合物は、上記疾患の予防治療において、シクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aについて上記したような併用薬物と組み合わせて用いることができる。特に重症セプシスの予防治療においては、抗菌薬、抗真菌薬、非ステロイド性抗炎症薬、ステロイド薬および抗凝血薬より選ばれる少なくとも1種の薬物と組み合わせて用いることができる。また、アルツハイマー病など中枢神経系疾患の予防治療においては、アルツハイマー病治療薬、抗パーキンソン薬、筋萎縮性脊髄側索硬化症治療薬、神経栄養因子、抗うつ薬および精神分裂病治療薬より選ばれる少なくとも1種の薬物と組み合わせて用いることができる。さらに、動脈硬化症など循環器系疾患の予防治療においては、高脂血症治療薬、動脈硬化症治療薬、利尿薬、高血圧症治療薬、心不全治療薬、不整脈治療薬、抗凝血薬、抗血小板薬、糖尿病治療薬、HDL増加薬および不安定プラーク安定化薬より選ばれる少なくとも1種の薬物と組み合わせて用いることができる。
【0074】
本発明により、TLRシグナルに選択的な阻害物質として本発明の非ペプチド性化合物、特にシクロアルケン化合物、就中化合物Aが見出された。また、これらのTLRシグナル阻害物質の作用により、上述の各種臓器障害、重症セプシスなどの感染症、アルツハイマー病などの中枢神経系疾患、動脈硬化症などの循環器系疾患、慢性関節リウマチなどの骨・関節系疾患、潰瘍性大腸炎などの消化器系疾患などが改善されることが見出された。従って、本発明はまた、TLRシグナル阻害物質を含有してなる臓器障害、重症セプシスなどの感染症、アルツハイマー病などの中枢神経系疾患、動脈硬化症などの循環器系疾患、慢性関節リウマチなどの骨・関節系疾患、潰瘍性大腸炎などの消化器系疾患などの予防治療剤を提供する。
TLRシグナル阻害物質としては、例えば、ペプチド性化合物(例えば、抗TLR抗体、TLR阻害ペプチド、MIF(migration inhibitory factor)、マクロファージなど)および上記の非ペプチド性化合物、好ましくはシクロアルケン化合物または化合物Aが挙げられる。従って、本発明のTLRシグナル阻害物質は低毒性であり、哺乳動物(例、ラット、マウス、モルモット、サル、ウシ、イヌ、ブタ、ヒト等)の臓器障害等の予防治療に好ましく用いられる。
TLRシグナル阻害物質は、上記の非ペプチド性化合物と同様の方法により製剤化することができ、上記と同様の投与経路や投与量などで哺乳動物に投与することができる。
該臓器障害等の予防治療剤は、上記のいずれかの併用剤と同様の併用薬物と組み合わせて用いることができ、上記と同様の投与経路や投与量などで哺乳動物に投与することができる。
また、本発明は、TLRシグナルを、TLRシグナル阻害物質によって阻害する他、他の方法(例えば、低温チャンバーに入れることによる低体温療法、または、睡眠術や睡眠薬投与による催眠療法など)によって阻害することにより、重症セプシスまたは上記の臓器障害の予防治療方法を提供する。
【0075】
【実施例】
以下、参考例、実施例および試験例を記載し、本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
1H−NMRスペクトルは、内部基準としてテトラメチルシランを用いてバリアンジェミニ200(200MHz)型スペクトルメーターで測定し、全δ値をppmで示した。混合溶媒において( )内に示した数値は、各溶媒の容量混合比である。%は、特記しない限り重量パーセントを意味する。またシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーにおける溶媒の比は、混合する溶媒の容量比を示す。
高極性ジアステレオマーとは、同一条件下(例えば、溶媒として酢酸エチル/ヘキサンなどを用いることができる)で、順相薄層クロマトグラフィーのRf値を比較した場合にRf値が小さいほうのジアステレオマーを意味し、低極性ジアステレオマーとはRf値が大きいほうのジアステレオマーを意味する。
融点は柳本社製融点測定装置を用いて測定した。粉末X線結晶回折のデータは線源としてCu−Kα1線を用い、RINT2500型(理学電気(株))を用いて測定した。
実施例中の各記号は次のような意味を有する。
s:シングレット、d:ダブレット、t:トリプレット、q:クワルテット、dd:ダブルダブレット、tt:トリプルトリプレット、m:マルチプレット、br:幅広い、J:カップリング定数
以下の参考例AはWO99/46242の参考例に、参考例BはWO99/46242の実施例に、参考例CはWO01/10826の参考例に、参考例DはWO01/10826の実施例に従って製造できる。
【0076】
〔参考例A〕
参考例A1 エチル 2−スルホ−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート
参考例A2 エチル 2−クロロスルホニル−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート
参考例A3 エチル 2−クロロスルホニル−1−シクロペンテン−1−カルボキシラート
参考例A4 エチル 2−クロロスルホニル−1−シクロヘプテン−1−カルボキシラート
参考例A5 6−[N−(4−クロロ−2−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボン酸ナトリウム塩
参考例A6 1−(3−フルオロ−4−ニトロフェニル)−1H−1,2,4−トリアゾール
参考例A7 1−(4−アミノ−3−フルオロフェニル)−1H−1,2,4−トリアゾール
参考例A8 4−(ベンジルオキシカルボニルアミノ)−3−クロロ安息香酸メチルエステル
参考例A9 4−(ベンジルオキシカルボニルアミノ)−3−クロロ安息香酸
参考例A10 tert−ブチル N−(4−ベンジルオキシカルボニルアミノ−3−クロロベンゾイル)グリシナート
参考例A11 tert−ブチル N−(4−アミノ−3−クロロベンゾイル)グリシナート
参考例A12 6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボン酸
参考例A13 エチル 2−メルカプト−5−フェニル−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート
参考例A14 エチル 2−クロロスルホニル−5−フェニル−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート
参考例A15 エチル 5−tert−ブチル−2−メルカプト−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート
参考例A16 エチル 5−tert−ブチル−2−クロロスルホニル−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート
参考例A17 エチル 5,5−ジメチル−2−メルカプト−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート
参考例A18 エチル 2−クロロスルホニル−5,5−ジメチル−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート
【0077】
〔参考例B〕
参考例B1 エチル 6−[N−(4−クロロ−2−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物1)
参考例B2 エチル 6−[N−(4−クロロ−2−フルオロフェニル)−N−メチルスルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物2)
参考例B3 エチル 6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物3)
参考例B4 エチル 6−[N−(2,6−ジイソプロピルフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物4)
参考例B5 エチル 6−[N−(4−ニトロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物5)
参考例B6 エチル 6−(N−フェニルスルファモイル)−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物6)
エチル 2−(N−フェニルスルファモイル)−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物7)
参考例B7 エチル 2−[N−(4−クロロ−2−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物9)
参考例B8 2−(4−メトキシフェニル)−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−1,2−ベンゾイソチアゾール−3(2H)−オン 1,1−ジオキシド(化合物67)
エチル 2−[N−(4−メトキシフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物8)
参考例B9 エチル 6−[N−(2−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物10)
参考例B10 エチル 6−[N−(3−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物11)
【0078】
参考例B11 2−(4−フルオロフェニル)−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−1,2−ベンズイソチアゾール−3(2H)−オン 1,1−ジオキシド(化合物68)
エチル 6−[N−(4−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物12)
エチル 2−[N−(4−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物18)
参考例B12 エチル 6−[N−(2,6−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物13)
参考例B13 エチル 6−[N−(2,3−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物14)
参考例B14 エチル 6−[N−(2,5−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物15)
参考例B15 エチル 6−[N−(3,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物16)
参考例B16 エチル 6−[N−(3,5−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物17)
参考例B17 l−エチル 6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物19)
d−エチル 6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物20)
参考例B18 エチル 6−[N−(2−エトキシカルボニルフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物21)
参考例B19 メチル 6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物22)
参考例B20 プロピル 6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物23)
【0079】
参考例B21 メチル 6−[N−(4−クロロ−2−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物24)
参考例B22 イソプロピル 6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物25)
参考例B23 エチル 6−[N−(2−メトキシカルボニルフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物26)
参考例B24 エチル 6−[N−(2−フルオロ−4−メチルフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物27)
参考例B25 エチル 6−[N−(2−クロロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物28)
参考例B26 エチル 6−[N−(2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物29)
参考例B27 エチル 6−[N−(4−クロロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物 30)
参考例B28 エチル 6−[N−(2,3,4−トリフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物31)
参考例B29 イソブチル 6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物32)
参考例B30 ブチル 6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物33)
【0080】
参考例B31 エチル 6−[N−(4−ブロモ−2−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物34)
参考例B32 エチル 6−[N−(2,4−ジクロロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物35)
参考例B33 エチル 6−[N−(2−アセトキシフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物36)
参考例B34 エチル 6−[N−(3−クロロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物37)
参考例B35 エチル 6−[N−(2,3−ジクロロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物38)
参考例B36 エチル 6−[N−(2−エチルフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物39)
参考例B37 エチル 6−[N−[4−(2H−1,2,3−トリアゾール−2−イル)フェニル]スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物40)
参考例B38 エチル 6−[N−(2,5−ジクロロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物41)
参考例B39 エチル 6−[N−(2−トリフルオロメトキシフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物42)
参考例B40 エチル 6−[N−(2,4,5−トリフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物43)
【0081】
参考例B41 エチル 6−[N−[4−(2H−テトラゾール−2−イル)フェニル]スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物44)
参考例B42 エチル 6−[N−(2−クロロ−4−メチルフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物45)
参考例B43 エチル 6−[N−(4−フルオロ−2−メチルフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物46)
参考例B44 エチル 6−[N−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物47)
参考例B45 エチル 6−[N−[4−(1H−テトラゾール−1−イル)フェニル]スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物48)
参考例B46 エチル 6−[N−(4−(1H−1,2,3−トリアゾール−1−イル)フェニル]スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物49)
参考例B47 エチル 6−[N−(2−トリフルオロメチルフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物50)
参考例B48 エチル 6−[N−(4−メトキシカルボニルフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物51)
参考例B49 ベンジル 6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物52)
参考例B50 エチル 6−[N−[4−[2,3−ビス(tert−ブトキシカルボニル)グアニジノメチル]フェニル]スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物53)
【0082】
参考例B51 エチル 6−[N−(2−クロロ−4−メトキシカルボニルフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物54)
参考例B52 エチル 6−[N−(2−クロロ−4−シアノフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物55)
参考例B53 2−ヒドロキシエチル 6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物56)
参考例B54 エチル 6−[N−[2−フルオロ−4−(1H−1,2,4−トリアゾール−1−イル)フェニル]スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物57)
参考例B55 エチル 2−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロペンテン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物66)
エチル 5−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロペンテン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物58)
参考例B56 tert−ブチル [6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−イル]カルボニルオキシアセタート(化合物59)
参考例B57 [6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−イル]カルボニルオキシ酢酸(化合物60)
参考例B58 エチル 7−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘプテン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物61)
参考例B59 エチル 6−[N−[2−クロロ−4−(N−tert−ブトキシカルボニルメチルカルバモイル)フェニル]スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物62)
参考例B60 エチル 6−[N−[2−クロロ−4−(N−エトキシカルボニルメチルカルバモイル)フェニル]スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物63)
【0083】
参考例B61 エチル 5−[N−(2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロペンテン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物64)
参考例B62 2−[4−(2,2,3,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロポキシ)フェニル]−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−1,2−ベンズイソチアゾール−3(2H)−オン 1,1−ジオキシド (化合物69)
参考例B63 エチル 7−[N−(2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘプテン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物65)
参考例B64 2−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)−5,6,7,7a−テトラヒドロ−1,2−ベンゾイソチアゾール−3(2H)−オン 1,1−ジオキシド(化合物70)
参考例B65 エチル 6−[N−(2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物29)
参考例B66 エチル (6S)−6−[(2−クロロ−4−フルオロアニリノ)スルホニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(l−エチル 6−[N−(2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート)(化合物71)
エチル (6R)−6−[(2−クロロ−4−フルオロアニリノ)スルホニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(d−エチル 6−[N−(2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート)(化合物72)
参考例B67 エチル 6−[N−(2−ブロモ−4−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物73)
参考例B68 エチル 6−[N−(4−ブロモ−2−クロロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物74)
参考例B69 エチル 6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−3−フェニル−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラートの高極性ジアステレオマー(化合物75)および低極性ジアステレオマー(化合物76)
参考例B70 エチル 6−[N−(2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−3−フェニル−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラートの高極性ジアステレオマー(化合物77)および低極性ジアステレオマー(化合物78)
【0084】
参考例B71 エチル 6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−3−tert−ブチル−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラートの高極性ジアステレオマー (化合物79)および低極性ジアステレオマー (化合物80)
参考例B72 エチル 6−[N−(2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−3−tert−ブチル−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラートの高極性ジアステレオマー (化合物81)および低極性ジアステレオマー (化合物82)
参考例B73 エチル 6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−3,3−ジメチル−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物83)
参考例B74 エチル 6−[N−(2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−3,3−ジメチル−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物84)
参考例B75 エチル 3−ブロモ−6−[N−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート (化合物85)
化合物1〜85の化学構造式を表1〜表12に示す。
【0085】
【表1】
【0086】
【表2】
【0087】
【表3】
【0088】
【表4】
【0089】
【表5】
【0090】
【表6】
【0091】
【表7】
【0092】
【表8】
【0093】
【表9】
【0094】
【表10】
【0095】
【表11】
【0096】
【表12】
【0097】
〔参考例C〕
参考例C1 エチル 6−(ベンジルスルファニル)−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート
参考例C2 エチル 6−[(4−メトキシベンジル)スルファニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート
参考例C3 エチル 6−[(2,4−ジフルオロベンジル)スルファニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート
参考例C4 エチル 6−[(2−クロロ−4−フルオロベンジル)スルファニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート
参考例C5 エチル 5−ヒドロキシ−3,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキシラート
参考例C6 エチル 5−スルファニル−3,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキシラート
参考例C7 4−(エトキシカルボニル)−5,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−3−スルホン酸
参考例C8 エチル 5−(クロロスルホニル)−3,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキシラート
【0098】
〔参考例D〕
参考例D1 エチル 6−(ベンジルスルホニル)−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物1’)
参考例D2 エチル 6−[(4−メトキシベンジル)スルホニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物2’)
参考例D3 エチル 6−[(2,4−ジフルオロベンジル)スルホニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物3’)
参考例D4 エチル 6−[(2−クロロ−4−フルオロベンジル)スルホニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物4’)
参考例D5 エチル (−)−6−[(2−クロロ−4−フルオロベンジル)スルホニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物5’)
エチル (+)−6−[(2−クロロ−4−フルオロベンジル)スルホニル]−1−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシラート(化合物6’)
参考例D6 エチル 3−[(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−3,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキシラート(化合物7’)
参考例D7 エチル 3−[(2−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル)スルファモイル]−3,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキシラート(化合物8’)
【0099】
化合物1’〜8’の化学構造式を表13、表14に示す。
【表13】
【0100】
【表14】
【0101】
実施例(製剤処方例)1
(1)参考例B66の化合物72 10mg
(2)乳糖 60mg
(3)コーンスターチ 35mg
(4)ゼラチン 3mg
(5)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 2mg
参考例B66の化合物72 10mgと乳糖60mgおよびコーンスターチ35mgの混合物を10%ゼラチン水溶液0.03ml(ゼラチンとして3mg)を用い、1mmメッシュの篩を通して顆粒化した後、40℃で乾燥し再び篩過する。かくして得られる顆粒をステアリン酸マグネシウム2mgと混合し、圧縮する。得られる中心錠を、蔗糖,二酸化チタン,タルクおよびアラビアゴムの水懸液による糖衣でコーティングする。コーティングが施された錠剤をミツロウで艶出してコート錠を得る。
【0102】
実施例(製剤処方例)2
(1)参考例B66の化合物72 10mg
(2)乳糖 70mg
(3)コーンスターチ 50mg
(4)可溶性デンプン 7mg
(5)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 3mg
参考例B66の化合物72 10mgとステアリン酸マグネシウム3mgを可溶性デンプンの水溶液0.07ml(可溶性デンプンとして7mg)で顆粒化した後、乾燥し、乳糖70mgおよびコーンスターチ50mgと混合する。混合物を圧縮して錠剤を得る。
【0103】
実施例(製剤処方例)3
(1)参考例B65の化合物29 10mg
(2)乳糖 60mg
(3)コーンスターチ 35mg
(4)ゼラチン 3mg
(5)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 2mg
参考例B65の化合物29 10mgと乳糖60mgおよびコーンスターチ35mgの混合物を10%ゼラチン水溶液0.03ml(ゼラチンとして3mg)を用い、1mmメッシュの篩を通して顆粒化した後、40℃で乾燥し再び篩過する。かくして得られる顆粒をステアリン酸マグネシウム2mgと混合し、圧縮する。得られる中心錠を、蔗糖,二酸化チタン,タルクおよびアラビアゴムの水懸液による糖衣でコーティングする。コーティングが施された錠剤をミツロウで艶出してコート錠を得る。
【0104】
実施例(製剤処方例)4
(1)参考例B65の化合物29 10mg
(2)乳糖 70mg
(3)コーンスターチ 50mg
(4)可溶性デンプン 7mg
(5)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 3mg
参考例B65の化合物29 10mgとステアリン酸マグネシウム3mgを可溶性デンプンの水溶液0.07ml(可溶性デンプンとして7mg)で顆粒化した後、乾燥し、乳糖70mgおよびコーンスターチ50mgと混合する。混合物を圧縮して錠剤を得る。
【0105】
試験例1 エンドトキシンショックモデルでのLPS接種後投与での効果(1)
セプシス発症後の重症化の過程での治療効果を検討するために、エンドトキシンショックモデルにおけるLPS接種後投与での被験物質(参考例B1)の効果を検討した。すなわち、7週齢のBALB/c雌性マウス(n=7)にLPS(10 mg/kg)を腹腔内接種し、マウスの生死を一週間観察した。被験物質は0.5%メチルセルロース水溶液に懸濁し、LPS接種1時間前、直後、30分後、あるいは1時間後に腹腔内接種(30mg/kg)した。対照群には溶媒をLPS接種1時間前に腹腔内投与した。結果を図1に示す。
被験物質は、LPS接種後1時間後に投与しても明確な救命効果を発揮することがわかった。すなわち、被験物質は重症セプシスの状態(参考試験例1参照)で投与することにより、著明な救命効果を期待できる。
【0106】
参考試験例1 白血球数および血小板数の測定
マウスにLPS(10 mg/kg)を腹腔内投与した後、指定時間に採血を行い、Calibrated pipet採集した血液(約45μL)と1.5% EDTA−2Na(4.5μL)を混合し、自動血球計数装置(F−800、Sysmex)を用いて白血球数および血小板数を測定した。結果を図2および3に示す。LPS接種後30分から1時間後には白血球数(図2)や血小板数(図3)の低下が見られ、LPS接種後30−1時間には重症セプシス患者で見られるような病態が惹起されている可能性が示唆された。
【0107】
試験例2 エンドトキシンショックモデルでのLPS接種後投与での効果(2)
セプシス発症後の重症化の過程での治療効果を検討するために、エンドトキシンショックモデルにおけるLPS接種後投与での被験物質(参考例B66)の効果を検討した。すなわち、7週齢のBALB/c雌性マウス(n=10)にLPS(4mg/kg)を腹腔内接種し、マウスの生死を5日間観察した。被験物質は大豆油乳化液とし、LPS接種直後、1、2、4あるいは6時間後に静脈内投与(10mg/kg)した。対照群には薬物を含まない乳化液をLPS接種接種直後に静脈内投与した。結果を図4に示す。被験物質は、LPS接種後4時間後に投与しても明確な救命効果を発揮することがわかった。すなわち、被験物質は重症セプシスの状態(参考試験例1参照)で投与することにより、著明な救命効果を期待できる。
【0108】
試験例3 ガラクトサミン負荷マウス大腸菌接種致死モデル
セプシスは感染により引き起こされる全身性の炎症反応であるため、感染モデルにおける菌接種後投与での被験物質(参考例B26)の効果を検討した。すなわち、7週齢のBALB/c雌性マウス(n=8)に肝障害誘発物質であるガラクトサミン(1g/kg)とともに E. coli O111(5.9x105 CFU)を腹腔内接種し、マウスの生死を6日間観察した。被験物質を0.5%メチルセルロース水溶液に懸濁し、菌接種直後、30分後、1、2あるいは4時間後に経口投与(30mg/kg)した。対照群には溶媒を菌接種直後に経口投与した。結果を図5に示す。
被験物質は、ガラクトサミンを接種して肝障害を惹起したマウスにおいて菌接種1時間後に投与しても明確な救命効果を発揮することがわかった。すなわち、被験物質には臓器障害を併発するような重症セプシスの状態を改善する効果が期待できる。
【0109】
試験例4.TLR選択的アゴニストによるNO産生に対する効果
マウスマクロファージ系細胞株RAW264.7細胞を用い、TLR選択的アゴニストによるサイトカイン産生に対する被験物質の抑制効果を調べた。実験前日、細胞が5x105個/mLになるように10%非働化ウシ胎児血清添加RPMI1640培地に懸濁し、96ウェルマイクロプレートに0.2mL/ウェルで播種した。37℃、5%CO2/95%空気下で一晩培養した後、培地を1%非働化ウシ胎児血清添加RPMI1640培地に交換し、被験物質、各種TLRアゴニスト及びインターフェロン−γ(終濃度0.1 ng/mL)を添加した。更に一晩培養後、培養上清中の亜硝酸イオン(NOの安定代謝物)濃度を2,3−dimaminonaphthaleneを用いた蛍光法で定量した。なお、TLR4選択的アゴニストとしてはLPSを、TLR2選択的アゴニストとしてはペプチドグリカン(PGN)を、TLR9選択的アゴニストとしてはCpGオリゴDNA(CPG)をそれぞれ終濃度が、5 ng/mL、1μg/mL、75 nmol/Lとなるように添加した。また、被験物質は10mMとなるようにN、N−ジメチルホルムアミドに溶かし、0.1mMとなるように1%非働化ウシ胎児血清添加RPMI1640培地で希釈し、さらに終濃度の10倍濃度となるまで培地で希釈し1/10添加した。結果を表15に示す。
【表15】
被験物質はTLR4アゴニストであるLPSによるNO産生を10−8 mol/LオーダーのIC50で抑制したが、TLR2及びTLR9アゴニストであるPGN及びCPGによるNO産生はほとんど抑制しなかった。したがって、被験物質はTLR4シグナル選択的な阻害剤であるといえる。
【0110】
試験例5.β−アミロイドペプチドによるサイトカイン産生に対する効果
マウスマクロファージ系細胞株RAW264.7細胞を用い、アルツハイマー病の発症に関与するとされているβ−アミロイドペプチド(1−40)によるサイトカイン産生に対する被験物質(参考例B1,参考例B26,参考例B3)の抑制効果を調べた。実験前日、細胞が5x105個/mLになるように10%非働化ウシ胎児血清添加RPMI1640培地に懸濁し、96ウェルマイクロプレートに0.2mL/ウェルで播種した。37℃、5%CO2/95%空気下で一晩培養した後、培地を1%非働化ウシ胎児血清添加RPMI1640培地に交換し、被験物質、β−アミロイドペプチド(1−40)(終濃度10μM)及びインターフェロン−γ(終濃度10U/mL)を添加した。更に一晩培養後、培養上清中の腫瘍壊死因子−α(TNF−α)及びIL−6濃度をアマシャム社製エンザイムイムノアッセイキットで測定した。なお、被験物質は10mMとなるようにN,N−ジメチルホルムアミドに溶かし、0.1mMとなるように1%非働化ウシ胎児血清添加RPMI1640培地で希釈し、さらに終濃度の10倍濃度となるまで培地で希釈し1/10添加した。表16に抑制率を示した。
【表16】
被験物質はβ−アミロイドペプチド刺激によるマクロファージ系細胞からのサイトカイン産生を著明に抑制した。
【0111】
試験例6.ラットバルーン傷害モデルにおける効果
雄性Sprague−Dawleyラットを用い、sodium pentobarbital (45mg/kg ip)麻酔下に、頸部を切開し左頸動脈を露出した。Forgatyカテーテル(2F, Baxtar社製)を大腿動脈から左頸動脈の内頸・外頸動脈分岐部まで挿入、バルーンを拡張し大動脈弓部分岐まで擦過する操作を3回繰り返し、総頸動脈を傷害した。傷害後、カテーテルを抜き取り、切開部を縫合、通常の飼育ケージにて個別飼育した。傷害2週間後、麻酔下に放血致死後、左(傷害)側、右(非傷害側)の頸動脈を、内頸・外頸動脈分岐部から5mm心臓側の部分5mm摘出、DNA含量を測定した。薬物(参考例B3)は0.5%メチルセルロースに懸濁し、バルーン傷害施術の日から頸動脈摘出まで1日1回腹腔内投与した。バルーン傷害施術時は麻酔の30分前に投薬の後、バルーン傷害を施した。
図6に示すように、被験物質はバルーン傷害による血管の肥厚を容量依存的に抑制した。
【0112】
試験例7.デキストラン硫酸誘発大腸炎モデルにおける効果
5%デキストラン硫酸(DSS)溶液を給水瓶にいれ、CBA/J雌性マウス(8w)に5日間自由飲水させ、6日目に1%DSS溶液に切り替えて7日間自由飲水させた。薬物(参考例B3) (10−30 mg/kg)は0.5%メチルセルロース(MC)に懸濁し、6日目より1%DSS溶液飲水下で、一日一回7日間経口投与した。DSS飲水12日後に体重を測定し、便の観察(grossly bloody stool: GBS)を行った。また、採血を行い、自動血球計数装置(Sysmex)を用いて白血球数(WBC)、赤血球数(RBC)、ヘモグロビン濃度(Hb)およびヘマトクリット値(Ht)を測定した。結果を表17に示す。
【表17】
被験物質は、DSSによるWBC、RBC、HbおよびHtの変化を顕著に抑制したので、潰瘍性大腸炎などの治療に有用であることが分かった。
【0113】
試験例8.コラーゲン誘発関節炎モデルにおける効果
0.05%酢酸溶液に牛由来のII型コラーゲンを溶解し、等量のフロイント完全アジュバントと混ぜてエマルジョンとした。コラーゲンエマルジョンをDBA/1雄性マウス(6W)(n=10−12)尾根部皮内に100μg/0.1 mL投与し、関節炎を誘発した。その経過において四肢の発赤と浮腫の程度を肉眼的に観察した。薬物(参考例B3)(30 mg/kg)は0.5%MCに懸濁し、コラーゲン免疫より一日一回(日曜日を除き)8週間経口投与した。関節炎発症の評価は毎週行い、発症率を(発症した四肢の数/1群マウスの肢数x100)で表した。関節炎のindexは各肢について、無変化を0点、1指あるいは複数指の腫脹を1点、全体に見られる発赤と腫脹を2点、全体見られる強度の腫脹を3点、関節の強直性変化を伴うものを4点、四肢の合計を16点とし、(発症マウス全スコアの合計点/1群マウスの肢数)で表し、1肢当たり最高を4点とした。結果を表18に示す。
【表18】
被験物質は、関節炎の発症率およびindexを顕著に改善したので、慢性関節リウマチなどの治療に有用であることが分かった。
【0114】
【発明の効果】
シクロアルケン化合物を含有してなる本発明の医薬は、セプシス、特に重症セプシスの予防・治療剤として有用である。また、非ペプチド性化合物を含有してなる本発明のTLRシグナル阻害剤は、各種臓器障害、重症セプシス、アルツハイマー病、動脈硬化症、潰瘍性大腸炎、慢性関節リウマチ等の予防・治療剤として有用である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】種々の時間に被験物質(参考例B1)を投与されたLPS接種マウスの生存率の経時変化を示す図である。横軸はLPS接種後の時間を、縦軸はマウスの生存率(Survival(%))を示す。●は被験物質非投与の場合、△はLPS接種の1時間前に被験物質を投与した場合、□はLPS接種直後に被験物質を投与した場合、○はLPS接種から0.5時間後に被験物質を投与した場合、▽はLPS接種から1時間後に被験物質を投与した場合の結果を示す。
【図2】LPS接種後のマウスにおける白血球数の経時変化を示す図である。横軸はLPS接種後の時間を、縦軸は白血球数(x102/μL)を示す。
【図3】LPS接種後のマウスにおける血小板数の経時変化を示す図である。横軸はLPS接種後の時間を、縦軸は血小板数(x104/μL)を示す。
【図4】種々の時間に被験物質(参考例B66)を投与されたLPS接種マウスの生存率の経時変化を示す図である。横軸はLPS接種後の時間を、縦軸はマウスの生存率(Survival(%))を示す。●はLPS接種直後に被験物質を含まない乳化液を投与した場合、○はLPS接種直後に被験物質を投与した場合、□はLPS接種から1時間後に被験物質を投与した場合、▽はLPS接種から2時間後に被験物質を投与した場合、△はLPS接種から4時間後に被験物質を投与した場合、◇はLPS接種から6時間後に被験物質を投与した場合の結果を示す。
【図5】種々の時間に被験物質(参考例B26)を投与された、ガラクトサミン負荷マウス大腸菌接種モデルの生存率の経時変化を示す図である。横軸は大腸菌接種後の時間を、縦軸はマウスの生存率(Survival(%))を示す。●は大腸菌接種直後に被験物質を含まない溶媒を投与した場合、○は大腸菌接種直後に被験物質を投与した場合、丸十字は大腸菌接種から0.5時間後に被験物質を投与した場合、□は大腸菌接種から1時間後に被験物質を投与した場合、△はLPS接種から2時間後に被験物質を投与した場合、▽はLPS接種から4時間後に被験物質を投与した場合に被験物質を投与した場合の結果を示す。
【図6】バルーン傷害によるラットの血管肥厚に及ぼす被検物質(参考例B3)の効果を示す図である。縦軸はDNA含量(μg/cm)を示す。Normalはバルーン傷害非施術ラット、Injuredはバルーン傷害施術ラット、Differenceは前2者の差を示す。各カラムにつき、左からコントロール、参考例B3の化合物30mg/kg/dおよび100mg/kg/dを示す。(**:p<0.01)[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cycloalkene derivative having an inhibitory effect on the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide (NO) and / or an inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6. , Sepsis, in particular, as a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for severe sepsis. The present invention also relates to a TLR signal inhibitory effect of a non-peptidic compound containing a cycloalkene derivative, and a novel use thereof as a preventive or therapeutic drug for various diseases based on the TLR signal.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It has been reported that nitric oxide (NO) is responsible for various physiological activities in vivo in mammals. Basically, NO is produced from L-arginine by NO synthase (NOS). At present, it has been clarified that three types of isoforms of NOS are genetically identified as neural NOS, vascular endothelial NOS, and inducible NOS (iNOS) (for example, Non-Patent Document 1). reference).
[0003]
Among them, iNOS is induced in macrophages, neutrophils, and the like by various cytokines and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the like, and continuously produces a large amount of NO. It has been pointed out that it acts harmfully on cells and tissues at the production site (for example, see Non-Patent Document 2), and that NO produced in iNOS-expressing cells and tissues is involved in many diseases and conditions. Thus, a substance that suppresses NO production from iNOS-induced cells is expected as an effective preventive and therapeutic drug for such various diseases.
[0004]
On the other hand, cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 are secreted from various cells such as monocytes / macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, fibroblasts, and vascular endothelial cells, and are based on inflammation. It is referred to as an inflammatory cytokine because it is widely involved in the biological defense / immune mechanism described above (for example, see Non-Patent Document 3). However, overproduction of these cytokines and production in inappropriate places and times cause inconvenience to the living body, such as cachexia due to protozoa, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and cancer, allergic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, abscess For various diseases such as graft rejection, anemia, arteriosclerosis, autoimmune disease, diabetes, central nervous system disease, inflammatory bowel disease, heart disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis, nephritis, osteoporosis, psoriasis, septic shock, It has been clarified that these cytokines are involved. Furthermore, it is described that substances that suppress the production of these cytokines or substances that antagonize them can be therapeutic agents for these diseases (for example, see Non-patent
[0005]
Embedded image
[Wherein, R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, a heterocyclic group optionally having a substituent, a formula : -OR1(Where R1Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. A) or a group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
(Where R1bRepresents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent;1cIs R1bAnd the same or different, and represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. ) Represents a group represented by
R0Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or R1And R0Together form a bond,
Ring A is (1) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (2) an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (3) a formula: -OR11(Where R11Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. ) And (4) cycloalkene substituted with 1 to 4 halogen atoms selected from halogen atoms, Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent,
formula:
Embedded image
The group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
Represents a group represented by
n shows the integer of 1-4. A compound represented by the formula:
[0006]
(Ii) Formula:
Embedded image
[Wherein, RaIs an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and a formula: -OR1a(Where R1aRepresents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. A) or a group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
(Where R4aAnd R5aIs the same or different and represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. ) Represents a group represented by
R0aRepresents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or RaAnd R0aTogether form a bond,
AraRepresents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent,
formula:
Embedded image
The group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
Represents a group represented by
n shows the integer of 1-4. A salt of these compounds, and a prodrug thereof,
[0007]
Embedded image
[Wherein, R1Is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and a formula: -OR1a(Where R1aRepresents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. A) or a group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
(Where R1bAnd R1cIs the same or different and represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. ) Represents a group represented by
X represents a methylene group, NH, a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom,
Y represents a methylene group which may have a substituent or NH which may have a substituent,
Ring A is (1) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (2) an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (3) a formula: -OR2(Where R2Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. And (4) a 5- to 8-membered ring optionally having 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms,
Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent,
formula:
Embedded image
The group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
Represents a group represented by
m represents an integer of 0 to 2,
n represents an integer of 1 to 3,
the sum of m and n is 4 or less;
However, when X is a methylene group, Y represents a methylene group which may have a substituent. Or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof has an inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production and an inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6; It is described that it is useful as a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for diseases such as heart disease, autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease, central nervous system disease, infectious disease, sepsis and septic shock. However, there is no suggestion whether these compounds show a therapeutic effect even after the onset of sepsis for a considerable time after onset, especially after the onset of severe sepsis with organ failure, hypoperfusion, hypotension, etc. Absent. Further, the detailed mechanism of action of these compounds has not been clarified.
[0008]
In recent years, accumulation of information on inflammatory mediators such as NO and cytokine has been progressing, and the role of complex networks in biological phenomena has been elucidated. Various mediators have also been shown to play important roles in the response to invasion. Inflammatory mediators have also been known to be involved in the occurrence of septic shock and organ failure associated with sepsis, which were previously thought to be caused by microorganisms and their toxins.Sepsis, septic shock, organ failure The way of thinking has changed significantly. Sepsis is defined as a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by an infection (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 9), and its principle is thought to be due to overproduction of inflammatory mediators such as NO and cytokines. In fact, numerous results have been reported to date that anti-inflammatory mediator therapy for early individual inflammatory mediators is effective in animal models. In addition, many clinical tests on sepsis (severe sepsis) patients with organ failure, hypoperfusion, hypotension, and the like have been conducted on the above-mentioned substances that suppress inflammatory mediators.
[0009]
As mentioned above, although it has been shown at the animal model level that substances that inhibit inflammatory mediators are effective for sepsis, clinical trials of anti-inflammatory mediator therapy in patients with severe sepsis in Europe and the United States have However, the expected effect has not been achieved so far (for example, see Non-Patent Document 10). One of the causes is that the efficacy of animal models was evaluated before administration of sepsis, whereas clinical studies showed that after the onset of sepsis, in particular, sepsis with organ failure, hypoperfusion, hypotension, etc. It is said that the drug was administered after the onset of severe sepsis. It is also said that it is difficult for a drug that suppresses each of inflammatory mediators that are intricately involved to exhibit high efficacy.
[0010]
On the other hand, a living body has an innate immune system as a defense mechanism against invasion such as microbial infection. The innate immune system identifies a molecular structure (pathogen associated molecular pattern, PAMPs) unique to a pathogenic microorganism and induces a biological defense reaction (for example, see Non-Patent Document 11). The molecules that recognize PAMPs are called pattern recognition receptors and are distributed on the host cell surface and in the bloodstream. As a result of the activation of innate immunity, secretion of inflammatory cytokines from immunocompetent cells and complement system Activation, phagocytosis, etc. occur, and an infection defense response is induced. In recent years, the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family has been discovered and attracts attention as a membrane protein receptor that plays an important role in recognition of PAMPs. To date, 10 types have been registered in a database and are named TLR1-TLR10. Each TLR identifies PAMPs represented by the cell wall component of a pathogenic microorganism and induces a host immune response. For example, TLR4 is a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is a component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria (for example, see Non-Patent Document 12), and TLR2 is a signal that is a component of the bacterial cell wall such as peptidoglycan and yeast zymosan from outside the host cell. Is transmitted into cells, and TLR9 is considered to be essential for recognition of bacterial DNA.
[0011]
However, although PAMPs recognized by each TLR are being identified, the true role of the TLR in various diseases and conditions has not yet been elucidated. This indicates that the identification of PAMPs recognized by TLRs was all revealed using a gene-deficient mouse, and the effects of the TLR signals on various disease models using selective inhibitors of TLR signals have not been investigated. Because there is not.
[0012]
[Non-patent document 1]
Cell 70, 705-707 (1992)
[Non-patent document 2]
Immunol. @ Today, Vol. 13, pp. 157-160 (1992)
[Non-Patent Document 3]
The Cytokine Handbook, 2nd edition, Academic Press Limited (2nd ed, Academic Press Press Limited) (1994), Advances Immunology, Vol. 62, pp. 257-304 (1996)
[Non-patent document 4]
European Journal of Immunology (Eur. @ J. @ Immunol.), Vol. 18, 951-956 (1991)
[Non-Patent Document 5]
Immunology, Vol. 83, pp. 262-267 (1994)
[Non-Patent Document 6]
Procedure of the National Academy of Sciences (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.) Vol. 93, pp. 3967-3971 (1997)
[Non-Patent Document 7]
Journal of Immunology (J. Immunol.) Vol. 147, pp. 1530-1536 (1991)
[Non-Patent Document 8]
Immunol. @ Today, Vol. 12, pp. 404-410 (1991)
[Non-Patent Document 9]
Chest 101: 1644-1655 (1992)
[Non-Patent Document 10]
British Medical Bulletin, Vol. 55, pp. 212-225 (1999)
[Non-Patent Document 11]
Nature Reviews Immunology,
[Non-Patent Document 12]
Nature Immunology,
[Patent Document 1]
International Publication No. 99/46242 pamphlet
[Patent Document 2]
WO 01/10826 pamphlet
[0013]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a medicament which is effective not only for the prevention and treatment of sepsis and treatment of mild sepsis but also for the prevention and treatment of severe sepsis. Another object of the present invention is to find a TLR-selective inhibitor and to provide a preventive / therapeutic agent for various diseases such as organ damage.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of such a situation, the present inventors proceeded with a search for a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for severe sepsis which suppresses the production of NO and / or cytokine and is effective even when administered after the onset of sepsis. Was found to be effective also in the prevention and treatment of severe sepsis. The present inventors have also proposed that these non-peptidic compounds containing a cycloalkene compound suppress the production of NO and / or cytokines by suppressing the TLR signal, and inhibit various diseases caused by a change in the TLR signal, especially organs. It has been found that it is effective for the prevention and treatment of disorders. The present inventors have further studied based on this finding, and as a result, have completed the present invention.
[0015]
That is, the present invention
[1] a preventive / therapeutic agent for severe sepsis, which comprises a cycloalkene compound as an active ingredient;
[2] Formula (I):
Embedded image
[Wherein, R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, a heterocyclic group optionally having a substituent, a formula : -OR1(Where R1Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. A) or a group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
(Where R1bAnd R1cIs the same or different and represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. ) Represents a group represented by
R0Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or R and R0And combine to form a bond,
Ring A1Are (1) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, (2) an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and (3) a formula: -OR11(Where R11Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. And (4) a cycloalkene which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms,
Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent,
formula:
Embedded image
The group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
Represents a group represented by
n shows the integer of 1-4. Or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof, or
[0016]
Formula (II):
Embedded image
[Wherein, R1 'Is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and a formula: -OR1a '(Where R1a 'Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. A) or a group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
(Where R1b 'And R1c 'Is the same or different and represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. ) Represents a group represented by
X represents a methylene group, NH, a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom,
Y represents a methylene group which may have a substituent or NH which may have a substituent,
Ring A ′ is (1) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (2) an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (3) a formula: —OR2 '(Where R2 'Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. And (4) a 5- to 8-membered ring optionally having 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms,
Ar ′ represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent,
formula:
Embedded image
The group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
Represents a group represented by
s represents an integer of 0 to 2,
t represents an integer of 1 to 3,
the sum of s and t is 4 or less;
However, when X is a methylene group, Y represents a methylene group which may have a substituent. A severe sepsis prophylactic / therapeutic agent comprising a compound represented by the formula or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof:
[0017]
[3] {Formula (I) is represented by Formula (Ia):
Embedded image
[Wherein, R1 aIs C1-6Alkyl is represented by R2 aIs a hydrogen atom or C1-6Alkyl is represented by AraRepresents a phenyl group substituted with one or two halogen atoms. And the formula (II) is a compound represented by the formula (IIa):
Embedded image
[Wherein, R1a ''Is C1-6Alkyl is XaRepresents a methylene group or an oxygen atom;aIs a methylene group or -NH-, Ara’Is a halogen atom and C1-6And a phenyl group which may have one or two substituents selected from an alkoxy group. ] The agent according to the above [2], which is
[0018]
[4] The agent of the above-mentioned [2], further comprising at least one drug selected from the group consisting of antibacterial drugs, antifungal drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid drugs and anticoagulants.
[5] Severe sepsis characterized by administering to a mammal an effective amount of the compound represented by the formula (I) or the formula (II) according to the above [2] or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof. Prevention or treatment methods,
[6] Use of the compound represented by the formula (I) or the formula (II) according to the above [2], a salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof for the manufacture of a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for severe sepsis.
[7] a TLR signal inhibitor comprising a non-peptidic compound as an active ingredient;
[8] The agent of the above-mentioned [7], wherein the non-peptidic compound is a non-peptidic compound having a molecular weight of about 1,000 or less,
[9] The non-peptidic compound is
Formula (I):
Embedded image
[Wherein, R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, a heterocyclic group optionally having a substituent, a formula : -OR1(Where R1Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. A) or a group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
(Where R1bAnd R1cIs the same or different and represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. ) Represents a group represented by
R0Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or R and R0And combine to form a bond,
Ring A1Are (1) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, (2) an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and (3) a formula: -OR11(Where R11Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. And (4) a cycloalkene which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms,
Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent,
formula:
Embedded image
The group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
Represents a group represented by
n shows the integer of 1-4. Or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof, or
Formula (II):
Embedded image
[Wherein, R1 'Is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and a formula: -OR1a '(Where R1a 'Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. A) or a group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
(Where R1b 'And R1c 'Is the same or different and represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. ) Represents a group represented by
X represents a methylene group, NH, a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom,
Y represents a methylene group which may have a substituent or NH which may have a substituent,
Ring A ′ is (1) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (2) an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (3) a formula: —OR2 '(Where R2 'Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. And (4) a 5- to 8-membered ring optionally having 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms,
Ar ′ represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent,
formula:
Embedded image
The group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
Represents a group represented by
s represents an integer of 0 to 2,
t represents an integer of 1 to 3,
the sum of s and t is 4 or less;
However, when X is a methylene group, Y represents a methylene group which may have a substituent. The agent according to the above [7], which is a compound represented by the formula: or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof,
[10] the agent of the above-mentioned [7], wherein ΔTLR is TLR4;
[11] A prophylactic / therapeutic agent for a disease caused by a change in TLR signal, comprising the agent according to the above [7]
[12] The agent of the above-mentioned [11], wherein the disease caused by the change in the TLR signal is organ damage.
[13] The agent according to the above-mentioned [12], wherein the organ is an organ of the central nervous system, circulatory system, respiratory system, bone / joint system, digestive system or kidney / urinary system.
[14] a method of inhibiting a TLR signal, which comprises administering to a mammal an effective amount of a non-peptidic compound;
[15] a method for preventing or treating a disease caused by a change in a TLR signal, which comprises administering an effective amount of a non-peptide compound to a mammal;
[16] Use of a non-peptidic compound for producing a TLR signal inhibitor,
[17] Use of a non-peptidic compound for producing a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for a disease caused by a change in TLR signal,
[18] a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for organ damage, comprising a TLR signal inhibitor;
[19] The agent according to the above-mentioned [18], wherein the organ is an organ of the central nervous system, circulatory system, respiratory system, bone / joint system, digestive system, or renal / urinary system.
[20] A method for preventing or treating severe sepsis or organ damage, wherein the method inhibits ΔTLR signal.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Severe sepsis, which is a disease targeted by the preventive / therapeutic agent for severe sepsis of the present invention containing a cycloalkene compound, is one of the most severe systemic inflammatory response syndromes due to infection. Under 36 ° C, Heart rate: 90 times / min or more, Respiratory rate: 20 times / min or more, White blood cell count: 12,000 / mm3Above or 4,000 / mm3Satisfies two or more of the following criteria, and has low blood pressure (systolic blood pressure is 90 mmHg or less), dizziness, and meaningless behavior, urine per hour is less than 0.5 mL / kg, or platelets Is 80,000 / mm3It shows a pathological condition of less than or less, and is typically accompanied by symptoms such as organ failure, low perfusion and low blood pressure.
The cycloalkene compound (hereinafter abbreviated as cycloalkene compound) used in the preventive / therapeutic agent for severe sepsis of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can exert an effect on the prevention / treatment of severe sepsis. Compounds represented by the formulas (I) and (II), salts thereof, prodrugs thereof and the like are preferred.
[0020]
Hereinafter, the compounds will be described in detail.
In the present specification, R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, Formula: -OR1(Where R1Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. Or a group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
(Where R1bAnd R1cIs the same or different and represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. ) Or a group represented by R0Together with to form a bond, inter alia, of the formula: -OR1[R1Is as defined above. ] Is preferable.
[0021]
R and R0When together represent a bond, the compound represented by the formula (I) has the formula:
Embedded image
[Wherein the symbols have the same meanings as described above. And specifically, the formula:
Embedded image
[Wherein the symbols have the same meanings as described above. ] Or
Embedded image
[Wherein the symbols have the same meanings as described above. ].
[0022]
R is the formula: -OR1[Wherein, R1Is as defined above. Is a group represented by the formula (I):
Embedded image
[Wherein, R2Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and other symbols have the same meanings as described above. And specifically, the formula:
Embedded image
[Wherein the symbols have the same meanings as described above. ] Or
Embedded image
[Wherein the symbols have the same meanings as described above. ].
As the compound represented by the formula (I), a compound represented by the formula (Icc) or the formula (Inn) is preferable.
[0023]
R, R1, R11, R1b, R1cAn "aliphatic hydrocarbon group" of the "aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent (s)" represented by0, R2As the “aliphatic hydrocarbon group” represented by, for example, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkylalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group and the like are preferable.
As the alkyl group, for example, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (eg, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec- A butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group and the like are preferable, and particularly, for example, a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (eg, Methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group and the like are preferable.
As the cycloalkyl group, for example, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (eg, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, etc.) and the like are preferable. And a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms (eg, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, etc.) are preferred.
As the cycloalkylalkyl group, for example, a cycloalkylalkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms (eg, a cyclopropylmethyl group, a cyclopentylmethyl group, a cyclohexylmethyl group, a cycloheptylmethyl group, etc.) and the like are preferable. A cycloalkylalkyl group having 4 to 8 (especially 4 to 7) carbon atoms (for example, a cyclopropylmethyl group, a cyclopentylmethyl group, a cyclohexylmethyl group, etc.) is preferred.
The alkenyl group is preferably, for example, a lower alkenyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms (eg, propenyl group, butenyl group, pentenyl group, etc.), and particularly, for example, a lower alkenyl group having 3 or 4 carbon atoms (eg, And a propenyl group and a butenyl group.
As the alkynyl group, for example, a lower alkynyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms (eg, a propynyl group, a butynyl group, a pentynyl group, etc.) is preferable, and particularly, for example, a lower alkynyl group having 3 or 4 carbon atoms (eg, And a propynyl group and a butynyl group.
[0024]
Examples of the “substituent” of the “optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group” include, for example, a heterocyclic group, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group,1-6Alkoxy group, C3-10(Among C3-6) Cycloalkyloxy group, C6-10Aryloxy group, C7-19(Among C7-12) Aralkyloxy group, heterocyclic oxy group, C1-6Alkylthio group (the sulfur atom may be oxidized), C3-10(Among C3-6A) cycloalkylthio group (the sulfur atom of which may be oxidized);6-10Arylthio group (the sulfur atom may be oxidized), C7-19(Among C7-12) Aralkylthio group (the sulfur atom may be oxidized), heterocyclic thio group, heterocyclic sulfinyl group, heterocyclic sulfonyl group, nitro group, halogen atom, cyano group, carboxyl group, C1-10(Among C1-6) Alkoxy-carbonyl group, C3-6Cycloalkyloxy-carbonyl group, C6-10Aryloxy-carbonyl group, C7-19(Among C7-12) Aralkyloxy-carbonyl, heterocyclic oxycarbonyl, C6-10Aryl-carbonyl group, C1-6Alkanoyl group, C3-5Alkenoyl group, C6-10Aryl-carbonyloxy group, C2-6Alkanoyloxy group, C3-5Alkenoyloxy group, carbamoyl group optionally having substituent (s), thiocarbamoyl group optionally having substituent (s), carbamoyloxy group optionally having substituent (s), C1-6Alkanoylamino group, C6-10Aryl-carbonylamino group, C1-10(Among C1-6A) alkoxy-carboxamide group, C6-10Aryloxy-carboxamide group, C7-19(Among C7-12) Aralkyloxy-carboxamide group, C1-10(Among C1-6A) alkoxy-carbonyloxy group, C6-10Aryloxy-carbonyloxy group, C7-19(Among C7-12) Aralkyloxy-carbonyloxy group, C3-10(Among C3-6A) cycloalkyloxy-carbonyloxy group, an optionally substituted ureido group, an optionally substituted C6-10An aryl group or the like is used.
These substituents are substituted at substitutable sites of the above “aliphatic hydrocarbon group”, and the number of the substituents is not limited to one, but may be the same or different and plural (preferably 2 to 4) There may be.
[0025]
"C1-6Examples of the "alkoxy group" include, for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group, n-pentyloxy group, n-hexyloxy group and the like,3-10Examples of the “cycloalkyloxy group” include a cyclopropyloxy group, a cyclohexyloxy group, and the like.6-10Examples of the “aryloxy group” include a phenoxy group, a naphthyloxy group and the like,7-19Examples of the “aralkyloxy group” include a benzyloxy group, a 1-phenylethyloxy group, a 2-phenylethyloxy group, a benzhydryloxy group, a 1-naphthylmethyloxy group, and the like.1-6Examples of the “alkylthio group (the sulfur atom may be oxidized)” include, for example, a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, an n-propylthio group, an n-butylthio group, a methylsulfinyl group, a methylsulfonyl group;3-10Examples of the “cycloalkylthio group (the sulfur atom may be oxidized)” include, for example, a cyclopropylthio group, a cyclohexylthio group, a cyclopentylsulfinyl group, a cyclohexylsulfonyl group, and the like;6-10Examples of the arylthio group (the sulfur atom may be oxidized) include, for example, a phenylthio group, a naphthylthio group, a phenylsulfinyl group, a phenylsulfonyl group, and the like;7-19Examples of the “aralkylthio group (the sulfur atom may be oxidized)” include, for example, a benzylthio group, a phenylethylthio group, a benzhydrylthio group, a benzylsulfinyl group, a benzylsulfonyl group and the like as the “halogen atom” Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom represented by "C1-10Examples of the "alkoxy-carbonyl group" include, for example, methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group, n-propoxycarbonyl group, isopropoxycarbonyl group, n-butoxycarbonyl group, isobutoxycarbonyl group, tert-butoxycarbonyl group, etc.3-6Examples of the "cycloalkyloxy-carbonyl group" include, for example, a cyclopropyloxycarbonyl group, a cyclopentyloxycarbonyl group, a cyclohexyloxycarbonyl group, and the like;6-10Examples of the “aryloxy-carbonyl group” include a phenoxycarbonyl group, a naphthyloxycarbonyl group and the like,7-19Examples of the “aralkyloxy-carbonyl group” include a benzyloxycarbonyl group, a benzhydryloxycarbonyl group, a 2-phenethyloxycarbonyl group, and the like.6-10Examples of the “aryl-carbonyl group” include a benzoyl group and a naphthoyl group,1-6Examples of the “alkanoyl group” include a formyl group, an acetyl group, a propionyl group, a butyryl group, a valeryl group, a pivaloyl group, and the like.3-5Examples of the “alkenoyl group” include, for example, an acryloyl group, a crotonoyl group, and the like;6-10Examples of the “aryl-carbonyloxy group” include, for example, a benzoyloxy group, a naphthoyloxy group and the like,2-6Examples of the “alkanoyloxy group” include, for example, an acetoxy group, a propionyloxy group, a butyryloxy group, a valeryloxy group, a pivaloyloxy group, and the like;3-5Examples of the “alkenoyloxy group” include an acryloyloxy group and a crotonoyloxy group.
[0026]
As the “carbamoyl group optionally having substituent (s)”, for example, C1-4Alkyl (eg, methyl, ethyl, etc.), phenyl, C1-7Acyl (eg, acetyl, propionyl, benzoyl, etc.), C1-4A carbamoyl group or a cyclic amino (eg, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, etc.) carbonyl group which may be substituted with one or two substituents selected from alkoxy-phenyl (eg, methoxyphenyl and the like) and the like; For example, carbamoyl, N-methylcarbamoyl, N-ethylcarbamoyl, N, N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N, N-diethylcarbamoyl, N-phenylcarbamoyl, N-phenylcarbamoyl Acetylcarbamoyl, N-benzoylcarbamoyl, N- (p-methoxyphenyl) carbamoyl, 1-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, piperidinocarbonyl, 1-piperazinylcarbonyl, morpholinocarbonyl and the like are used. . Examples of the “optionally substituted thiocarbamoyl group” include, for example, C1-4A thiocarbamoyl group which may be substituted with one or two substituents selected from alkyl (eg, methyl, ethyl and the like), phenyl and the like is used. Specifically, for example, a thiocarbamoyl group, N- A methylthiocarbamoyl group, an N-phenylthiocarbamoyl group and the like are used. Examples of the “optionally substituted carbamoyloxy group” include, for example, C1-4A carbamoyloxy group optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from alkyl (eg, methyl, ethyl and the like), phenyl and the like is used. Specifically, for example, a carbamoyloxy group, an N- A methylcarbamoyloxy group, an N, N-dimethylcarbamoyloxy group, an N-ethylcarbamoyloxy group, an N-phenylcarbamoyloxy group, and the like are used.
[0027]
"C1-6Examples of the "alkanoylamino group" include, for example, an acetamido group, a propionamido group, a butyroamido group, a valeroamido group, a pivaloamido group, and the like.6-10Examples of the “aryl-carbonylamino group” include, for example, a benzamide group, a naphthamide group, a phthalimide group and the like,1-10Examples of the “alkoxy-carboxamide group” include, for example, methoxycarboxamide (CH3OCONH-) group, ethoxycarboxamide group, tert-butoxycarboxamide group, etc.6-10Examples of the “aryloxy-carboxamide group” include, for example, phenoxycarboxamide (C6H5OCONH-) group and the like are represented by "C7-19Examples of the “aralkyloxy-carboxamide group” include, for example, benzyloxycarboxamide (C6H5CH2An OCONH-) group, a benzhydryloxycarboxamide group, or the like;1-10Examples of the "alkoxy-carbonyloxy group" include, for example, methoxycarbonyloxy group, ethoxycarbonyloxy group, n-propoxycarbonyloxy group, isopropoxycarbonyloxy group, n-butoxycarbonyloxy group, tert-butoxycarbonyloxy group, n- A pentyloxycarbonyloxy group, an n-hexyloxycarbonyloxy group and the like are represented by “C6-10Examples of the “aryloxy-carbonyloxy group” include, for example, a phenoxycarbonyloxy group, a naphthyloxycarbonyloxy group and the like,7-19Examples of the “aralkyloxy-carbonyloxy group” include, for example, a benzyloxycarbonyloxy group, a 1-phenylethyloxycarbonyloxy group, a 2-phenylethyloxycarbonyloxy group, a benzhydryloxycarbonyloxy group, and the like.3-10As the “cycloalkyloxy-carbonyloxy group”, for example, a cyclopropyloxycarbonyloxy group, a cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxy group and the like are used.
[0028]
As the "ureido group optionally having substituent (s)", for example, C1-4A ureido group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 (among 1 or 2) substituents selected from an alkyl group (eg, a methyl group, an ethyl group, etc.), a phenyl group and the like is used. Groups, a 1-methylureido group, a 3-methylureido group, a 3,3-dimethylureido group, a 1,3-dimethylureido group, a 3-phenylureido group, and the like.
[0029]
As the "substituent" of the "optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group", a heterocyclic group, a heterocyclic oxy group, a heterocyclic thio group, a heterocyclic sulfinyl group, a heterocyclic sulfonyl group or a heterocyclic oxy When a carbonyl group is used, the heterocyclic group represents a group formed by removing one hydrogen atom bonded to the heterocyclic ring, and includes, for example, a nitrogen atom (which may be oxidized), an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom. And a 5- to 8-membered ring (among which is a 5- to 6-membered ring) group containing 1 to several, preferably 1 to 4 heteroatoms, or a condensed ring group thereof. Such heterocyclic groups include, for example, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl Group, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl group, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl group, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl group, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, 1,2,3- Thiadiazolyl group, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl group, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl group, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl group, pyridyl group, pyridazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, indolyl group, pyranyl group, thiopyranyl group , Dioxinyl group, dioxolyl group, quinolyl group, pyrido [2,3-d] pyrimidyl group, -, 1,6-, 1,7-, 1,8-, 2,6- or 2,7-naphthyridyl group, thieno [2,3-d] pyridyl group, benzopyranyl group, tetrahydrofuryl group, tetrahydropyranyl Group, dioxolanyl group, dioxanyl group and the like.
These heterocyclic groups are represented by C1-4Alkyl (eg, methyl, ethyl, etc.), hydroxy, oxo, C1-4It may be substituted at a substitutable site by 1 to 3 substituents selected from alkoxy (eg, methoxy, ethoxy, etc.).
[0030]
"C optionally having substituent (s)6-10Aryl group ”6-10As the “aryl group”, for example, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group and the like are used. The C6-10The aryl group is a “substituent” of the “aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent (s)” (C optionally having substituent (s)).6-10Excluding the aryl group), the substitutable site may be substituted with a substituent selected from the above. The number of the substituents is not limited to one, and may be the same or different and plural (preferably 2 to 4).
Further, the `` aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent '' may form a condensed ring group in which the substituent may be substituted together with the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, As such a condensed ring group, an indanyl group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl group or the like is used. In this condensed ring group, a site that can be substituted with a substituent selected from the “substituent” of the “aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent (s)” may be substituted. These substituents are substituted at substitutable sites of the condensed ring group, and the number of the substituents is not limited to one and may be the same or different and plural (preferably 2 to 4) Good.
[0031]
In the above “optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group”, R, R1, R11, R1b, R1cExamples of preferred examples include a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent (eg, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert group) -Butoxycarbonylmethyl group, hydroxyethyl group, etc.), among which, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, and the like are preferable. , An ethyl group, an n-propyl group and the like are more preferable, and an ethyl group is particularly preferable.
[0032]
As the “aromatic hydrocarbon group” in the “aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent (s)” represented by R, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms (eg, phenyl group, naphthyl Group, anthryl group, indenyl group, etc.), and more preferably, for example, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms (eg, phenyl group, naphthyl group, etc.), and particularly preferably a phenyl group.
Examples of the “substituent” in the “aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent” represented by R include, for example, a halogen atom (eg, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom), a lower (C1-4) Alkyl (eg, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc.), lower (C1-4) Alkoxy groups (eg, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, etc.), lower (C1-4) Alkoxy-carbonyl group (eg, methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group, propoxycarbonyl group, butoxycarbonyl group, etc.), carboxyl group, nitro group, cyano group, hydroxyl group, acylamino group (eg, acetylamino group, propionylamino group, A C 1 -C 4 alkanoylamino group such as a butyrylamino group, a C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl group (eg, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl group, etc.), a C 6 -C 10 aryl group (eg, a phenyl group) , Naphthyl group, indenyl group, etc.), lower halogeno (C1-4) Alkyl group (eg, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoroethyl group, etc.), halogeno lower (C1-4) Alkoxy group (eg, trifluoromethoxy group, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy group, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy group, etc.), lower (C1-4) Alkylthio groups (eg, methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, etc.), lower (C1-4) Alkanesulfonyl group (eg, methanesulfonyl group, ethanesulfonyl group, propanesulfonyl group, etc.), lower (C1-4) Alkanoyl groups (eg, formyl group, acetyl group, propionyl group, etc.), 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic groups (eg, 1,2,3-triazolyl group, 1,2,4-triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, thiazolyl Group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiadiazolyl group, thienyl group, furyl group, etc.), carbamoyl group, lower (C1-4) Alkyl-carbamoyl groups (eg, methylcarbamoyl, dimethylcarbamoyl, propylcarbamoyl, etc.), lower (C1-4) Alkoxy-carbonyl-lower (C1-4) Alkyl-carbamoyl group (eg, butoxycarbonylmethylcarbamoyl group, ethoxycarbonylmethylcarbamoyl group, etc.), 1,3-diacylguanidino-lower (C1-4) Alkyl groups (eg, 1,3-diacetylguanidinomethyl, 1,3-bis- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) guanidinomethyl, etc.), and preferably halogen atoms (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine) Atom), lower (C1-4A) an alkyl group (eg, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, etc.), and more preferably a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or a methyl group.
These substituents are substituted on substitutable sites of the aromatic hydrocarbon group, and the number of the substituents is preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3, and particularly preferably 1 or 2. When two or more substituents are present, those substituents may be the same or different.
[0033]
The "heterocyclic group" in the "heterocyclic group optionally having substituent (s)" represented by R is, for example, a hetero atom such as a nitrogen atom (which may be oxidized), an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. A 5- to 8-membered ring (among which is a 5- to 6-membered ring) group containing one to several, preferably one to four, and a condensed ring group thereof are shown. Such heterocyclic groups include, for example, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl Group, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl group, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl group, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl group, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, 1,2,3- Thiadiazolyl group, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl group, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl group, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl group, pyridyl group, pyridazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, indolyl group, pyranyl group, thiopyranyl group , Dioxinyl group, dioxolyl group, quinolyl group, pyrido [2,3-d] pyrimidyl group, -, 1,6-, 1,7-, 1,8-, 2,6- or 2,7-naphthyridyl group, thieno [2,3-d] pyridyl group, benzopyranyl group, tetrahydrofuryl group, tetrahydropyranyl Group, dioxolanyl group, dioxanyl group and the like.
These heterocyclic groups are represented by C1-4Alkyl (eg, methyl, ethyl, etc.), hydroxy, oxo, C1-4It may be substituted at a substitutable site by one to three substituents selected from alkoxy (eg, methoxy, ethoxy, etc.).
[0034]
As the “aromatic hydrocarbon group” in the “aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent (s)” represented by Ar, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms (eg, phenyl group, naphthyl Group, anthryl group, indenyl group, etc.), and more preferably, for example, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms (eg, phenyl group, naphthyl group, etc.), and particularly preferably a phenyl group.
Ar, AraAs the “substituent” in the “aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent (s)” represented by, for example, a halogen atom (eg, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom), a lower ( C1-4) Alkyl (eg, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, etc.), lower (C1-4) Alkoxy groups (eg, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, etc.), lower (C1-4) Alkoxy-carbonyl group (eg, methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group, propoxycarbonyl group, butoxycarbonyl group, etc.), carboxyl group, nitro group, cyano group, hydroxyl group, acylamino group (eg, acetylamino group, propionylamino group, A C1-C4 alkanoylamino group such as a butyrylamino group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group (e.g., a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl group, etc.), a C6-C10 aryl group (e.g., a phenyl group) , Naphthyl group, indenyl group, etc.), lower halogeno (C1-4) Alkyl group (eg, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoroethyl group, etc.), halogeno lower (C1-4) Alkoxy group (eg, trifluoromethoxy group, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy group, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy group, etc.), lower (C1-4) Alkylthio groups (eg, methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, etc.), lower (C1-4) Alkanesulfonyl group (eg, methanesulfonyl group, ethanesulfonyl group, propanesulfonyl group, etc.), lower (C1-4) Alkanoyl groups (eg, formyl group, acetyl group, propionyl group, etc.), 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic groups (eg, 1,2,3-triazolyl group, 1,2,4-triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, thiazolyl Group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiadiazolyl group, thienyl group, furyl group, etc.), carbamoyl group, lower (C1-4) Alkyl-carbamoyl groups (eg, methylcarbamoyl group, dimethylcarbamoyl group, propionylcarbamoyl group, etc.), lower (C1-4) Alkoxy-carbonyl-lower (C1-4) Alkyl-carbamoyl groups (eg, butoxycarbonylmethylcarbamoyl group, tert-butoxycarbonylmethylcarbamoyl group, ethoxycarbonylmethylcarbamoyl group, etc.), 1,3-diacylguanidino-lower (C1-4) Alkyl groups (eg, 1,3-diacetylguanidinomethyl, 1,3-bis- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) guanidinomethyl, etc.), and preferably halogen atoms (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine) Atom), lower (C1-4A) an alkyl group (eg, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, etc.), and more preferably a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or a methyl group.
These substituents are substituted on substitutable sites of the aromatic hydrocarbon group, and the number of substituents is preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3, and particularly preferably 1 or 2. When two or more substituents are present, the substituents may be the same or different.
[0035]
As Ar, specifically, for example, a phenyl group, a halogenophenyl group, a lower (C1-4) Alkylphenyl group, lower (C1-4) Alkoxyphenyl group, lower (C1-4) Alkoxy-carbonylphenyl, carboxyphenyl, nitrophenyl, cyanophenyl, halogeno lower (C1-4) Alkylphenyl group, halogeno lower (C1-4) Alkoxyphenyl group, lower (C1-4) An alkanoylphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, a lower (C1-4) Alkoxy-carbonyl-lower (C1-4) Alkyl-carbamoylphenyl group, 1,3-diacylguanidino-lower (C1-4) Alkylphenyl groups, halogen atoms and lower (C1-4A) a phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group, a halogen atom and a lower (C1-4) A phenyl group substituted with an alkoxy-carbonyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom and a cyano group, a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom and a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle, a halogen atom and a lower (C1-4) Alkoxy-carbonyl-lower (C1-4) A phenyl group substituted with an alkyl-carbamoyl group and the like are used.
Ar is preferably a phenyl group which may have a substituent, among which a halogenophenyl group and a lower (C1-4) Alkylphenyl groups, halogen atoms and lower (C1-4) A phenyl group substituted with an alkoxycarbonyl group, a halogen atom and a lower (C1-4) A phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group is preferably used.
[0036]
As Ar, the formula:
Embedded image
[Wherein, R4And R5Are the same or different and are each a halogen atom or a lower (C1 − 4A) an alkyl group, and n represents an integer of 0 to 2. A group represented by the formula:4And R5And at least one of them is a halogen atom.
R4And R5Is preferably a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.
[0037]
Examples of the halogenophenyl group include, for example, 2,3-difluorophenyl group, 2,3-dichlorophenyl group, 2,4-difluorophenyl group, 2,4-dichlorophenyl group, 2,5-difluorophenyl group, 2,5 -Dichlorophenyl group, 2,6-difluorophenyl group, 2,6-dichlorophenyl group, 3,4-difluorophenyl group, 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, 3,5-difluorophenyl group, 3,5-dichlorophenyl group, 2 -Fluorophenyl group, 2-chlorophenyl group, 3-fluorophenyl group, 3-chlorophenyl group, 4-fluorophenyl group, 4-chlorophenyl group, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl group, 2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl Group, 4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl group, 2,3,4-
The lower class (C1-4As the alkylphenyl group, for example, a 2-ethylphenyl group, a 2,6-diisopropylphenyl group and the like are preferably used.1-4As the alkoxyphenyl group, for example, 4-methoxyphenyl is preferably used.
The lower class (C1-4) As the alkoxy-carbonylphenyl group, for example, a 2-ethoxycarbonylphenyl group, a 2-methoxycarbonylphenyl group, a 4-methoxycarbonylphenyl group and the like are preferably used, and the halogeno lower (C1-4As the alkylphenyl group, for example, a 2-trifluoromethylphenyl group is preferably used, and the halogeno lower (C1-4As the alkoxyphenyl group, for example, a 2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group, a 4- (2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy) phenyl group and the like are preferably used.
The lower class (C1-4As the alkanoylphenyl group, for example, a 2-acetylphenyl group is preferably used, and as the phenyl group substituted with the 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, for example, 4- (2H-1,2,3 -Triazol-2-yl) phenyl group, 4- (2H-tetrazol-2-yl) phenyl group, 4- (1H-tetrazol-1-yl) phenyl group, 4- (1H-1,2,3-triazole) -1-yl) phenyl group and the like are preferably used.1-4) Alkoxy-carbonyl-lower (C1-4As the alkyl-carbamoylphenyl group, for example, a 4- (N-ethoxycarbonylmethylcarbamoyl) phenyl group is preferably used, and the 1,3-diacylguanidino-lower (C1-4As the alkylphenyl group, for example, a 4- (1,3-bis-tert-butoxycarbonylguanidinomethyl) phenyl group is preferably used.
The halogen atom and the lower (C1-4As the phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group, for example, a 2-fluoro-4-methylphenyl group, a 2-chloro-4-methylphenyl group, a 4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl group and the like are preferably used. Halogen atom and lower (C1-4As the phenyl group substituted with an alkoxy-carbonyl group, for example, a 2-chloro-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl group is preferably used, and as the phenyl group substituted with the halogen atom and a cyano group, 2-chloro-4-phenylcarbonyl group is preferably used. -4-cyanophenyl group and the like are preferably used. As the phenyl group substituted with the halogen atom and a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, for example, 2-fluoro-4- (1H-1,2,4- Triazol-1-yl) phenyl and the like are preferably used, and the halogen atom and lower (C1-4) Alkoxy-carbonyl-lower (C1-4) Examples of the phenyl group substituted with an alkyl-carbamoyl group include 2-chloro-4- (N-tert-butoxycarbonylmethylcarbamoyl) phenyl group and 2-chloro-4- (N-ethoxycarbonylmethylcarbamoyl) phenyl Groups and the like are preferably used.
[0038]
More specifically, as Ar, particularly, a phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with 1 to 3 (among them, 1 to 2) halogen atoms (eg, a 2,3-difluorophenyl group, a 2,3-dichlorophenyl) Group, 2,4-difluorophenyl group, 2,4-dichlorophenyl group, 2,5-difluorophenyl group, 2,5-dichlorophenyl group, 2,6-difluorophenyl group, 2,6-dichlorophenyl group, 3,4 -Difluorophenyl group, 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, 3,5-difluorophenyl group, 3,5-dichlorophenyl group, 4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group, 2-chlorophenyl group, 3- Fluorophenyl group, 3-chlorophenyl group, 4-fluorophenyl group, 4-chlorophenyl group, 2-fluoro-4-chloro Eniru group, 2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl group, 2,3,4-trifluorophenyl group, 2,4,5 etc. trifluorophenyl group), a halogen atom and a lower (C1-4) A phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group (eg, a 2-chloro-4-methylphenyl group, a 4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl group, etc.) is preferred. Among them, a phenyl group substituted with 1 to 3 (among them, 1 to 2) halogen atoms (eg, 2,3-dichlorophenyl group, 2,4-difluorophenyl group, 2,4-dichlorophenyl group, 2 , 6-dichlorophenyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group, 2-chlorophenyl group, 3-chlorophenyl group, 2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl group, 2,4,5-trifluorophenyl group, etc.), halogen atom and lower ( C1-4) A phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group (eg, a 2-chloro-4-methylphenyl group, a 4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl group, etc.) is preferred. Particularly, a 2,4-difluorophenyl group, a 2-chlorophenyl group, a 2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl group, a 2-chloro-4-methylphenyl group, and the like are preferable, and a 2,4-difluorophenyl group, a 2-chloro- A 4-fluorophenyl group and the like are preferred.
[0039]
In the present specification, ring A1Is (i) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (ii) an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (iii) a formula: -OR11(Where R11Represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. And (iv) a cycloalkene optionally substituted with 1 to 4 halogen atoms selected from the group consisting of: (i) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, Preferred are (ii) an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent and (iv) a cycloalkene which may be substituted with 1 to 4 halogen atoms selected from halogen atoms.
These substituents (i) to (iv) are represented by ring A1The ring A is substituted on the above substitutable carbon atom1Is substituted with a plurality of substituents, the types of those substituents may be the same or different. Further, the same carbon atom may be substituted by two substituents, or different carbon atoms may be substituted by a plurality of substituents.
Ring A1Examples of the "optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group" which is a substituent include, for example, the "optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group" represented by R or the like described above. The same as described above can be used.
Ring A1Examples of the "optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group" as the substituent include, for example, the "optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group" represented by Ar described above. Similar ones can be used.
Ring A1As the "heterocyclic group optionally having substituent (s)" which is a substituent of, for example, "an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent (s)" represented by R or the like described above The same substituents as the “heterocyclic group” as the “substituent” can be used.
Ring A1May have 1 or 2 C1-6Alkyl group (eg, C such as methyl group, tert-butyl group, etc.)1-4An alkyl group), a phenyl group, a halogen atom (eg, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom) and the like are preferably used.
As an integer of 1 to 4 represented by n, 1 to 3 is preferable, and 2 is particularly preferable.
[0040]
As the compound represented by the formula (I), a compound represented by the formula (Ibb ') is preferable, and a compound represented by the formula (Inn) is more preferable.
Further, the compound represented by the formula (Ibb ') or the formula (Inn) includes R1Is an optionally substituted lower alkyl group (more preferably, R1Is C1-6Alkyl group) and R2Is a hydrogen atom or lower (C1-6A) an alkyl group, wherein Ar is a phenyl group which may have a substituent (more preferably, Ar is a phenyl group substituted with one or two halogen atoms), and n is 1, 2 or 3 ( More preferably, n is 2).
The compound represented by the formula (I) includes a compound represented by the formula (Ia):
Embedded image
[Wherein, R1 aIs C1-6Alkyl is represented by R2 aIs a hydrogen atom or C1-6Alkyl is represented by AraRepresents a phenyl group substituted with one or two halogen atoms. The compound represented by this is preferable.
As the compound represented by the formula (I), specifically, a compound obtained in Reference Example B described below is used.
{Circle around (1)} d-ethyl {6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate;
{Circle around (2)} ethyl {6- [N- (2-chlorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate;
{Circle around (3)} ethyl {6- [N- (2-chloro-4-methylphenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate; and
(4) Ethyl (6R) -6-[(2-chloro-4-fluoroanilino) sulfonyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate and salts thereof are preferred.
[0041]
The compound of the formula (II) will be described in detail.
R1 'Represented by the "optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group", the "optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group" and the "optionally substituted heterocyclic group" ] Can be the same as those in R.
R1a 'As the "optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group" represented by, for example, the same as the "optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group" represented by R Can be used. R1a 'As a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent (eg, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert- Butoxycarbonylmethyl group, hydroxyethyl group, etc.) are preferably used, and among them, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group and the like are preferably used. Particularly, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group and the like are preferable, and among them, an ethyl group and the like are preferable.
[0042]
R1b 'And R1c 'As the "optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group" represented by, for example, the same as the "optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group" represented by R Can be used. R1b 'And R1c 'As a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent (eg, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert- Butoxycarbonylmethyl group, hydroxyethyl group, etc.) are preferably used, and among them, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group and the like are preferably used. Particularly, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group and the like are preferable, and among them, an ethyl group and the like are preferable.
[0043]
R1 'As a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent (eg, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert- Butoxycarbonylmethyl group, hydroxyethyl group, etc.) are preferably used, and among them, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group and the like are preferably used. Particularly, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group and the like are preferable, and among them, an ethyl group and the like are preferable.
[0044]
Examples of the “substituent” in the “methylene group which may have a substituent” represented by Y include, for example, C1-6Alkyl group (for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, etc.), hydroxy-substituted -C1-6Alkyl group (for example, hydroxymethyl group, hydroxyethyl group, etc.), C1-4Alkoxy-carbonyl-C1-4Examples include an alkyl group (for example, methoxycarbonylmethyl group, ethoxycarbonylmethyl group, tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl group, methoxycarbonylethyl group, ethoxycarbonylethyl group, tert-butoxycarbonylethyl group, etc.). Preferred, but especially preferred is unsubstituted methylene.
Examples of the “substituent” in the “optionally substituted NH” represented by Y include C1-6Alkyl group (for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, etc.), hydroxy-substituted -C1-6Alkyl group (for example, hydroxymethyl group, hydroxyethyl group, etc.), C1-4Alkoxy-carbonyl-C1-4Examples include an alkyl group (for example, methoxycarbonylmethyl group, ethoxycarbonylmethyl group, tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl group, methoxycarbonylethyl group, ethoxycarbonylethyl group, tert-butoxycarbonylethyl group, etc.). Preferred, but especially preferred is unsubstituted NH.
[0045]
In the “aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent (s)” represented by Ar ′, the same as the “aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent (s)” in Ar is used. Can be.
In particular, Ar ′ is preferably the same as Ar, but is more preferably of the formula (c)
Embedded image
[Wherein, R3 'Represents a halogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and ring B 'may be further substituted with 1 to 4 halogen atoms. A group represented by the formula (c1):
Embedded image
[Wherein, R3a 'And R3b 'Represents the same or different and represents a halogen atom. ] Is more preferable.
[0046]
In the formula (c), R3 'And a halogen atom which is a substituent of ring B ′ and R in the formula (c1)3a 'And R3b 'Is preferably a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom. In the formula (c), R3 'As the lower alkyl group represented by, for example, C, such as methyl, ethyl and propyl1-4And an alkyl group. Among the groups represented by the formula (c), a 2,4-difluorophenyl group, a 2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl group, a 2-methyl-4-chlorophenyl group and the like are preferable, and a group represented by the formula (c1) Among these groups, a 2,4-difluorophenyl group, a 2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl group and the like are preferable.
[0047]
X represents a methylene group, NH, a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom, and among them, a methylene group or an oxygen atom is preferable.
Ring A 'has the formula: -CO-R1 '(Where R1 'Is as defined above. And a group represented by the formula: -SO2-Y-Ar '(wherein, Y and Ar' have the same meanings as described above), and (i) an aliphatic hydrocarbon optionally having a substituent. A group, (ii) an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (iii) a formula: -OR2 '(Where R2 'Is as defined above. And (iv) a 5- to 8-membered ring which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms. Which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be substituted, (ii) an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and (iv) a halogen atom. A -8 membered ring is preferred.
These substituents may be substituted at substitutable positions on ring A '. When X constituting the ring is NH or a methylene group, the NH or the methylene group can be substituted. When ring A 'is substituted with a plurality of substituents, the types of those substituents may be the same or different. Further, two substituents may be substituted on the same carbon atom.
Examples of the “optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group” and the “optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group” that are the substituents on the ring A ′ include, for example, the aforementioned R The same ones can be mentioned.
[0048]
R2 'Examples of the “optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group” in the above include the same as those described above for R.
As the substituent for ring A ', one or two C1-6Alkyl group (eg, C such as methyl group, tert-butyl group, etc.)1-4An alkyl group), a phenyl group, a halogen atom (eg, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc.) are preferably used.
s represents an integer of 0 to 2, t represents an integer of 1 to 3, and the sum of s and t is 4 or less, and it is preferable that s is 1 and t is 1.
formula:
Embedded image
The group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
Represents a group represented by
[0049]
As the compound represented by the formula (II), for example, the following compounds are preferable.
(1) R1 'Is the formula: -OR1a '(R1a 'Is C1-6An alkyl group).
formula:
Embedded image
The group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
Is a group represented by
X is a methylene or oxygen atom,
Y is methylene or -NH-, and
Ar 'is a halogen atom and C1-6Compound (II), which is a phenyl group optionally having one or two substituents selected from alkoxy, that is, a compound of the formula (IIa):
Embedded image
[Wherein, R1a ''Is C1-6Alkyl is XaRepresents a methylene group or an oxygen atom;aIs a methylene group or -NH-, Ara’Is a halogen atom and C1-6And a phenyl group which may have one or two substituents selected from an alkoxy group. ] The compound represented by these.
[0050]
(2) R1 'Is the formula: -OR1a '(R1a 'Is C1-6An alkyl group).
formula:
Embedded image
The group represented by the formula:
Embedded image
Is a group represented by
X and Y are both methylene, or X is an oxygen atom and Y is -NH-, and
Compound (II), wherein Ar ′ is a phenyl group optionally having two halogen atoms (eg, a 2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl group or the like).
[0051]
(3) ethyl {6- (benzylsulfonyl) -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 1),
Ethyl {6-[(4-methoxybenzyl) sulfonyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 2);
Ethyl {6-[(2,4-difluorobenzyl) sulfonyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 3);
Ethyl {6-[(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl) sulfonyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 4);
Ethyl {(-)-6-[(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl) sulfonyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 5);
Ethyl {(+)-6-[(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl) sulfonyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 6);
Ethyl {3-[(2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylate (compound 7), and
Ethyl {3-[(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylate (Compound 8).
(4) ethyl {6-[(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl) sulfonyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 4);
Ethyl {(+)-6-[(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl) sulfonyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 6), and
Ethyl {3-[(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylate (Compound 8).
[0052]
When stereoisomers exist in the compounds represented by the formulas (I) and (II), each of the stereoisomers and a mixture of the stereoisomers is included in the present invention.
Further, when the compound represented by the formula (I) is a compound represented by the formula (Icc) or (Inn), and the formula (b) of the compound represented by the formula (II) is the formula (b1) When, s and t are 1, there are optical isomers based on the asymmetric carbon in the cycloalkene or cyclohexene ring, respectively, and each of the optical isomers and a mixture of these optical isomers is the present invention. It is included in the invention.
[0053]
Compounds (I) and (II) (hereinafter collectively abbreviated as Compound A) used in the prophylactic / therapeutic agent for severe sepsis of the present invention include, for example, salts with inorganic bases, salts with organic bases, and inorganic acids. , Salts with organic acids, salts with basic or acidic amino acids, and the like. Examples of the salt with an inorganic base include alkali metal salts such as sodium salt and potassium salt; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salt and magnesium salt; aluminum salt and ammonium salt. For example, salts with trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, N, N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, and the like are used. As salts with inorganic acids, for example, salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc. are used.As salts with organic acids, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, fumaric acid, Salts with oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like are used. As a salt with a basic amino acid, for example, a salt with arginine, lysine, ornithine or the like is used. As a salt with an acidic amino acid, for example, a salt with aspartic acid, glutamic acid or the like is used.
[0054]
A prodrug of compound A or a salt thereof is a compound that is converted into compound A by a reaction with an enzyme or stomach acid under physiological conditions in a living body, that is, is converted into compound A by enzymatically causing oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, or the like. Compound A refers to a compound that undergoes hydrolysis or the like to change to Compound A by gastric acid or the like. Examples of the prodrug of compound A include compounds in which the amino group of compound A is acylated, alkylated, and phosphorylated (eg, the amino group of compound A is eicosanoylated, alanylated, pentylaminocarbonylated, 2-hydroxypropionylated) , 2-acetoxypropionylation, (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl) methoxycarbonylation, tetrahydrofuranylation, pyrrolidylmethylation, pivaloyloxymethylation, tert-butylation A compound in which the hydroxyl group of compound A is acylated, alkylated, phosphorylated, or borated (eg, the hydroxyl group of compound A is acetylated, palmitoylated, propanoylated, pivaloylated, succinylated, fumarylated) , Alanylated, dimethylaminomethylcarbonylated compounds, etc.) Compounds in which the carboxyl group of compound A is esterified and amidated (eg, the carboxyl group of compound A is ethyl esterified, phenyl esterified, carboxymethyl esterified, dimethylaminomethyl esterified, pivaloyloxymethyl esterified, Ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl esterification, phthalidyl esterification, (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl) methyl esterification, cyclohexyloxycarbonylethyl esterification, methylamidated compound, etc.); And the like. These compounds can be produced from compound A by a method known per se.
Further, the prodrug of compound A may be a compound that changes to compound A under physiological conditions as described in Hirokawa Shoten, 1990, “Development of Pharmaceuticals,” Vol. 7, pp. 163-198, Molecular Design. Good.
[0055]
Compound (I) or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof may be produced according to a method known per se, for example, the production method described in WO99 / 46242 or a method analogous thereto, and compound (II) or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof may be produced according to WO01 / It can be produced according to the production method described in 10826 or a method analogous thereto.
[0056]
When the optically active compound or a salt thereof contains an enantiomer, it is separated by a usual separation method, for example, an optically active acid (eg, camphorsulfonic acid or the like) or an optically active base (eg, 1-methyl Diastereomer salt method for forming a salt with benzylamine or the like, or an optically active host molecule (eg, 1,6-bis (2-chlorophenyl) -1,6-diphenylhexa-2,4-diyne-1) , 6-diol), an optically pure compound can be obtained by separation methods such as an inclusion compound method, various types of chromatography (eg, liquid chromatography using an optically active column), and fractional recrystallization. .
The compound A or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof (hereinafter, generically referred to as compound A) may be a hydrate or an anhydrate.
Compound A is an isotope (eg,3H,14C,35S,125I etc.).
[0057]
The cycloalkene compound and compound A according to the present invention have high safety to the human body, and are used as pharmaceuticals (eg, agents for preventing or treating various diseases), veterinary drugs, and the like as mammals (eg, rats, mice, guinea pigs, monkeys, bovines). , Dogs, pigs, humans, etc.).
Since the cycloalkene compound and compound A according to the present invention have low toxicity and an inhibitory effect on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and an inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, Not only sepsis including severe sepsis, but also heart disease, autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease, central nervous system disease, infectious disease of mammals (eg, cat, cow, dog, horse, goat, monkey, human, etc.), Diseases such as septic shock, hypoimmune function, such as sepsis, endotoxin shock, exotoxin shock, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS), burns, trauma, post-operative complications, Heart failure, shock, hypotension, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gastritis, ulcerative colitis, peptic ulcer, stress gastric ulcer, Crohn's disease, Autoimmune disease, tissue damage and rejection after organ transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute coronary microvascular embolism, shock vascular embolism (such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)), ischemic encephalopathy, arteriosclerosis , Pernicious anemia, Fanconi anemia, sickle cell anemia, pancreatitis, nephrotic syndrome, nephritis, renal failure, insulin-dependent diabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, hepatic porphyria, alcoholism, Parkinson's disease, chronic leukemia, Acute leukemia, tumor, myeloma, infant and adult respiratory distress syndrome, emphysema, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, vitamin E deficiency, aging, sunburn, muscular dystrophy, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, myocardial infarction Sequelae, osteoporosis, pneumonia, hepatitis, psoriasis, pain, cataract, influenza infection, malaria, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, radiation injury, burn, in vitro fertilization efficiency, hypercalcemia, stiff spondylitis, osteopenia, bone Petchet disease, osteomalacia, fracture, acute bacterial meningitis, Helicobacter pylori infection Disease, invasive staphylococcal infection, tuberculosis, systemic fungal infection, herpes simplex virus infection, varicella-zoster virus infection, human papillomavirus infection, acute viral encephalitis, encephalitis, meningitis, infection Accompanying reduced immune function, asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, reflux esophagitis, fever, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglyceridemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetic complications, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic Neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, gout, gastric atony, hemorrhoids, systemic lupus erythematosus, spinal cord injury, insomnia, schizophrenia, epilepsy, cirrhosis, liver failure, unstable angina, Valvular disease, thrombocytopenia or hypotension due to dialysis, acute ischemic stroke, acute cerebral thrombosis, cancer metastasis, bladder cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer It can also be effectively used for prevention and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, malignant melanoma, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, side effects due to administration of anticancer drugs and immunosuppressive drugs. Therefore, the preventive / therapeutic agent for severe sepsis of the present invention containing the cycloalkene compound or compound A is useful as a therapeutic agent for patients with severe sepsis complicated with the above-mentioned diseases.
[0058]
The cycloalkene compound or compound A can be used in combination with another drug. Such concomitant drugs include, for example, antibacterial drugs, antifungal drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid drugs, anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, thrombolytic drugs, immunomodulatory drugs, antiprotozoal drugs, antitussives and antitussives. Drugs, sedatives, anesthetics, narcotic antagonists, anti-ulcer drugs, hyperlipidemia drugs, arteriosclerosis drugs, HDL-increasing drugs, unstable plaque stabilizers, cardioprotective drugs, hypothyroidism treatment Drugs, Nephrotic syndrome drugs, Chronic renal failure drugs, Diuretics, Hypertension drugs, Heart failure drugs, Muscle relaxants, Antiepileptics, Cardiotonic drugs, Vasodilators, Vasoconstrictors, Arrhythmias, Diabetes , Vasopressors, tranquilizers, antipsychotics, drugs for Alzheimer's disease, antiparkinson drugs, drugs for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neurotrophic factors, antidepressants, schizophrenia, antitumor drugs, Vitamin drugs, vitamin derivatives, arthritis drugs Antirheumatic drugs, antiallergic drugs, antiasthmatic drugs, atopic dermatitis drugs, allergic rhinitis drugs, pollakiuria / urinary incontinence drugs, proteolytic drugs, proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, anti-SIDS drugs, anti-sepsitic drugs , Anti-septic shock drug, endotoxin antagonist or antibody, signal transduction inhibitor, inflammatory mediator action inhibitor, inflammatory mediator action inhibitory antibody, inflammatory mediator production inhibitor, anti-inflammatory mediator action inhibitor, anti-inflammatory Examples include a mediator action inhibitory antibody, an anti-inflammatory mediator production inhibitor, an α1 adrenergic agonist, and among others, an antibacterial drug, an antifungal drug, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a steroid drug, an anticoagulant drug and the like are preferable. Specifically, the following are mentioned.
[0059]
(1) Antibacterial drug
(1) Sulfur drug
Sulfamethizole, sulfisoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethizole, salazosulfapyridine, silver sulfadiazine and the like.
(2) Quinoline antibiotics
Nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid trihydrate, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, tosfloxacin tosylate, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, lomefloxacin hydrochloride, sparfloxacin, fleroxacin and the like.
(3) Antituberculous drugs
Isoniazid, ethambutol (ethambutol hydrochloride), para-aminosalicylic acid (calcium para-aminosalicylate), pyrazinamide, ethionamide, prothionamide, rifampicin, streptomycin sulfate, kanamycin sulfate, cycloserine and the like.
4) Mycobacterial drugs
Diphenylsulfone, rifampicillin and the like.
▲ 5 ▼ Antiviral drug
Idoxuridine, acyclovir, vitarabine, ganciclovir and the like.
(6) Anti-HIV drug
Zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, indinavir sulfate ethanol adduct, ritonavir and the like.
(7) Anti-spirochetes
(8) Antibiotics
Tetracycline hydrochloride, ampicillin, piperacillin, gentamicin, dibekacin, canendomycin, ribidomycin, tobramycin, amikacin, fradiomycin, sisomicin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, lolitetracycline, doxycycline, ampicillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, cephalin, cephalin, cephalin, cephalothin Cefaclor, cephalexin, cefloxazine, cefadroxil, cephamandole, cephatom, cefuroxime, cefotiam, cefotiam hexetil, cefuroxime axetil, cefdinir, cefditoren pivoxil, ceftazidime, cefpyramide, cefsulodin, cefumexime profeximexime fucipoxime , Cefazoplan, cef Pim, cefsulodin, cefmenoxime, cefmetazole, cefminox, cefoxitin, cefbuperazone, latamokinasef, flomoxef, cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ceftizoxime, moxalactam, thienamycin, sulfazebine, azulansicabine, azulansicabine, azulansibantibine (J. Antibiotics), 38, 877-885 (1985)].
(2) Antifungal drug
(1) Polyethylene antibiotics (eg, amphotericin B, nystatin, tricomycin)
(2) Griseofulvin, pyrrolnitrin, etc.
(3) cytosine antimetabolite (eg, flucytosine)
(4) imidazole derivatives (eg, econazole, clotrimazole, miconazole nitrate, bifonazole, croconazole)
{Circle around (5)} Triazole derivatives (eg, fluconazole, itraconazole, azole compounds [2-[(1R, 2R) -2- (2,4-difluorophenyl) -2-hydroxy-1-methyl-3- (1H-1) , 2,4-Triazol-1-yl) propyl] -4- [4- (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy) phenyl] -3 (2H, 4H) -1,2,4-triazolone]
(6) thiocarbamic acid derivative (eg, trinaphthol)
(7) Echinocandin derivatives (eg, caspofungin, micafungin, anidurafungin) and the like.
(3) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Acetaminophen, phenacetin, etenzazamide, sulpyrine, antipyrine, migrenine, aspirin, mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, diclofenac sodium, loxoprofen sodium, phenylbutazone, indomethacin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, oxaprozin, flurbiprofen, fenbufen, plano Profen, floctafenin, epirilsol, tiaramid hydrochloride, zaltoprofen, gabexate mesilate, camostat mesylate, urinastatin, colchicine, probeneged, sulfinpyrazone, benzbromalone, allopurinol, sodium gold thiomalate, sodium hyaluronate, sodium salicylate, morphine hydrochloride , Salicylic acid, atropine, scopolamine, Hine, pethidine, levorphanol, ketoprofen, naproxen, etc. oxymorphone or a salt thereof.
(4) Steroid drugs
Dexamethasone, hexestrol, methimazole, betamethasone, triamcinolone, triamcinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, fluocinolone acetonide, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, cortisone acetate, hydrocortisone, fluorometholone, beclomethasone propionate, estriol.
(5) Anticoagulant
Heparin sodium, sodium citrate, activated protein C, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, antithrombin III, dalteparin sodium, warfarin potassium, argatroban, gabexate, sodium citrate and the like.
[0060]
(6) Antiplatelet drug
Ozacrel sodium, ethyl icosapentanoate, beraprost sodium, alprostadil, ticlopidine hydrochloride, pentoxifylline, dipyridamole and the like.
(7) Thrombolytic drugs
Tisokinase, urokinase, streptokinase and the like.
(8) Immunomodulator
Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, gusperimus, azathioprine, antilymphatic serum, dried sulfonated immunoglobulin, erythropoietin, colony stimulating factor, interleukin, interferon, etc.
(9) Antiprotozoal drugs
Metronidazole, tinidazole, diethylcarbamazine citrate, quinine hydrochloride, quinine sulfate and the like.
(10) Antitussive and expectorant drugs
Ephedrine hydrochloride, noscapine hydrochloride, codeine phosphate, dihydrocodeine phosphate, isoproterenol hydrochloride, ephedrine hydrochloride, methylephedrine hydrochloride, noscapine hydrochloride, alloclamide, chlorphedianol, picoperidamine, cloperastine, protokyrol, isoproterenol, salbutamol, tereptalin Oxypetebanol, morphine hydrochloride, dextropetorphan hydrobromide, oxycodone hydrochloride, dimorphane phosphate, tipepidine hibenzate, pentoxiverine citrate, clofedanol hydrochloride, benzonate, guaifenesin, bromhexine hydrochloride, ambroxol hydrochloride, Acetylcysteine, ethylcysteine hydrochloride, carbocysteine and the like.
(11) sedative
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride, atropine sulfate, phenobarbital, barbital, amobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental sodium, thiamylal sodium, nitrazepam, estazolam, flurazapam, haloxazolam, triazolam, flunitrazepam, bromvalerylurea, chloral hydrate, triclofos sodium and the like.
(12) Anesthetic
(12-1) Local anesthetic
Cocaine hydrochloride, procaine hydrochloride, lidocaine, dibucaine hydrochloride, tetracaine hydrochloride, mepivacaine hydrochloride, bupivacaine hydrochloride, oxybuprocaine hydrochloride, ethyl aminobenzoate, oxesazein) and the like.
(12-2) General anesthetic
(1) Inhalation anesthetics (eg, ether, halothane, nitrous oxide, influrane, enflurane),
(2) Intravenous anesthetics (eg, ketamine hydrochloride, droperidol, sodium thiopental, thiamiral sodium, pentobarbital) and the like.
(13) Narcotic antagonists
Levallorphan, nalorphine, naloxone or a salt thereof.
(14) Anti-ulcer drug
Methaclopromide, histidine hydrochloride, lansoprazole, metoclopramide, pirenzepine, cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, urogastrin, oxesazein, proglumide, omeprazole, sucralfate, sulpiride, settraxate, gefarnate, ardioxa, teprenone, prostaglandin, etc.
[0061]
(15) Hyperlipidemia drug
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (eg, fluvastatin, cerivastatin, atorvastatin, etc.), fibrate drugs (eg, simfibrate, clofibrate aluminum, clinofibrate, fenofibrate, etc.), bile acid adsorbents (eg, cholestyramine, etc.) ), Nicotinic acid preparations (eg, nicomol, niceritrol, tocopherol nicotinate, etc.), probucol and its derivatives, polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives (eg, ethyl icosapentate, polyenphosphatidylcholine, melinamide, etc.), plant sterols ( For example, gamma-oryzanol, soysterol, etc.), elastase, dextran sulfate sodium, squalene synthase inhibitor, squalene epoxidase inhibitor, CETP inhibitor, 2-chloro-3- [4- (2-meth Ru-2-phenylpropoxy) phenyl] ethyl propionate [Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Chem. @Pharm. @Bull), 38, 2792-2796 (1990)], LDL receptor enhancer, cholesterol absorption inhibitor (Such as ezetimibe), MTP inhibitors, ileal bile acid transporter inhibitors, SCAP ligands, FXR ligands and the like.
(16) Arteriosclerosis therapeutic agent
MMP inhibitors, chymase inhibitors, ACAT inhibitors (Avasimibe, Eflucimibe, etc.), apoAI Milano and analogs thereof, scavenger receptor inhibitors, 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors, phospholipase A2 inhibitors, ABCA1 active agents, LXR ligands, Sphingomyelinase inhibitors, paraoxonase active drugs, estrogen receptor agonists, etc.
(17) HDL increasing drug
Squalene synthase inhibitors, CETP inhibitors, LPL activators and the like.
(18) Unstable plaque stabilizer
MMP inhibitors, chymase inhibitors, ACAT inhibitors, lipid-rich plaque regressors and the like.
(19) Cardioprotective drugs
Oral drugs for cardiac ATP-K, endothelin antagonists, urotensin antagonists and the like.
(20) Hypothyroidism therapeutic agent
Dry thyroid (thyreoid), levothyroxine sodium (Tyrazine S), liothyronidine sodium (thyronine, thyromin) and the like.
(21) Nephrotic syndrome therapeutic drug
Prednisolone (prednin), prednisolone sodium succinate (prednin), methylprednisolone sodium succinate (sol medrol), betamethasone (rindelone) and the like.
(22) Therapeutic agent for chronic renal failure
Diuretics (eg, furosemide (Rasix), bumetanide (Lunetron), azosemide (Diart)), antihypertensive drugs (eg, ACE inhibitors, enalapril maleate (Renibase), Ca antagonists (Manidipine), α receptor blockers, AII antagonist (candesartan)].
(23) Diuretics
Thiazide diuretics (bentyl hydrochlorothiazide, cyclopenthiazide, ethiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, methyclothiazide, penfluthiazide, polythiazide, trichlormethiazide, etc.), loop diuretics (chlorthalidone, clofenamide, indapamide, mefclamide, mefluside, Sotrazone, tribamide, quinetazone, metolazone, furosemide, etc.), potassium-sparing diuretics (spironolactone, triamterene, etc.).
[0062]
(24) Antihypertensive drug
(1) Sympathetic inhibitor
α2Stimulants (eg, clonidine, guanabenz, guanfacine, methyldopa, etc.), ganglionic blockers (eg, hexamethonium, trimetaphane, etc.), presynaptic blockers (eg, arteroxylone, dimethylaminoreserpinate, Resinamine, reserpine, syrosingopine, etc.), neuron blockers (eg, betanidine, guanethidine, etc.), α1Blockers (eg, bunazosin, doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin, urapidil, etc.), β-blockers (eg, purpranolol, nadolol, timolol, nipradilol, bunitrolol, indenolol, penbutrol, carteolol, carvedilol, pindolol, acebutolol, atenolol, Bisoprolol, metoprolol, labetalol, amosulalol, arotinolol, etc.).
(2) vasodilator
Calcium channel antagonists (eg, manidipine, nicardipine, nilvadipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine, benidipine, amlodipine, alanidipine, etc.), phthalazine derivatives (eg, butralazine, cadralazine, ecarazine, hydralazine, todralazine, etc.).
(3) ACE inhibitor
Alacepril, captopril, cilazapril, delapril, enalapril, lisinopril, temocapril, trandolapril, quinapril, imidapril, benazepril, belindopril and the like.
(4) AII antagonist
Losartan, candesartan, valsartan, telmisartan, irbesartan, forasartan and the like.
5) Diuretics (for example, the above-mentioned diuretics)
(25) Heart failure treatment
Cardiotonic drugs (eg, digitoxin, digoxin, methyldigoxin, lanatoside C, prossilalidine, etc.), α, β stimulants (eg, epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol, dopamine, docarpamine, dobutamine, denopamine, etc.), phosphodiesterase inhibitors (Eg, amrinone, milrinone, olprinone hydrochloride, etc.) Calcium channel sensitivity enhancers (eg, pimoventan, etc.), nitrates (eg, nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, etc.), ACE inhibitors (eg, the aforementioned ACE inhibitors, etc.), diuresis Drugs (for example, the above-mentioned diuretics), carperitide, ubidecarenone, vesnarinone, aminophylline and the like.
(26) muscle relaxant
Pridinol, tubocurarine, pancuronium, tolperisone hydrochloride, chlorphenesin carbamate, baclofen, chlormezanone, mephenesin, clozoxazone, eperisone, tizanidine and the like.
(27) Antiepileptic drugs
Phenytoin, ethosuximide, acetazolamide, chlordiazepoxide, tripetadione, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, primidone, sultiam, sodium palproate, clonazepam, diazepam, nitrazepam and the like.
(28) cardiotonic
Trans-bioxo camphor, terefilol, aminophylline, ethylephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, denopamine, aminophylline, besinarine, amrinone, pimobendan, ubidecarenone, digitoxin, digoxin, methyldigoxin, lanatoside C, G-strophantin and the like.
(29) Vasodilator
Oxyfedrine, diltiazem, tolazoline, hexobendine, bamethane, clonidine, methyldopa, guanabenz, etc.
(30) Vasoconstrictor
Dopamine, dobutamine denopamine and the like.
(31) Arrhythmic drug
(1) sodium channel blockers (eg, quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide, azimaline, cibenzoline, lidocaine, diphenylhydantoin, mexiletine, propafenone, flecainide, pilsicainide, phenytoin),
(2) β-blockers (eg, propranolol, alprenolol, pfetrol, oxprenolol, athenol, acebutolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, pindolol, carteolol, allotyrol, etc.),
(3) Potassium channel blockers (eg, amiodarone),
(4) Calcium channel blockers (eg, verapamil, diltiazem, etc.). (32) Vasopressor
Dopamine, dobutamine, denopamine, digitoxin, digoxin, methyldigoxin, lanatoside C, G-strophantin and the like.
(33) Antidiabetic drug
Sulfonylurea agents (eg, tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, glyclopyramide, acetohexamide, tolazamide, glibenclamide, glibusol, etc.), biguanides (eg, metformin hydrochloride, buformin hydrochloride, etc.), α-glucosidase inhibitors (eg, voglibose , Acarbose, etc.), insulin sensitizers (eg, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, troglitazone, etc.), insulin, glucagon, drugs for treating diabetic complications (eg, epalrestat, etc.).
[0063]
(34) tranquilizer
Diazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam, chlordiazepoxide, medazepam, oxazolam, cloxazolam, clothiazepam, bromazepam, etizolam, fludiazepam, hydroxyzine and the like.
(35) Antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride, prochlorperazine, trifloperazine, thioridazine hydrochloride, perphenazine maleate, fluphenazine enanthate, prochlorperazine maleate, levomepromazine maleate, promethazine hydrochloride, haloperidol, bromperidol, spiperone, reserpine, hydrochloride Clocapramine, sulpiride, zotepine and the like.
(36) A drug for treating Alzheimer's disease
(1) Cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and TAK-147;
(2) Brain function stimulants such as idebenone, memantine, vinpocetine, etc.
(37) Antiparkinsonian drug
L-dopa, deprenyl, carbidopa + levodopa, pergolide, ropinirole, cabergoline, pramipexole, entacapron, lazabemide and the like.
(38) A therapeutic agent for amyotrophic lateral cord sclerosis
Riluzole, mecacermin, gabapentin and the like.
(39) Antidepressant
Imipramine, clomipramine, noxiptiline, phenelzine, amitriptyline hydrochloride, nortriptyline hydrochloride, amoxapine, mianserin hydrochloride, maprotiline hydrochloride, sulpiride, fluvoxamine maleate, trazodone hydrochloride and the like.
(40) Schizophrenia treatment
Olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, iloperidone and the like.
(41) Antitumor drug
6-O- (N-chloroacetylcarbamoyl) fumagillol, bleomycin, methotrexate, actinomycin D, mitomycin C, daunorubicin, adriamycin, neocarzinostatin, cytosine arabinoside, fluorouracil, tetrahydrofuryl-5-fluorouracil, picibanil, lentinan , Levamisole, bestatin, azimexone, glycyrrhizin, doxorubicin hydrochloride, aclarubicin hydrochloride, bleomycin hydrochloride, hepromycin sulfate, vincristine sulfate, vinblastine sulfate, irinotecan hydrochloride, cyclophosphamide, melphalan, dusulfan, thiotepa, procarbazine hydrochloride, cisplatin, azathioprine, mercapto Pudding, tegafur, carmofur, cytarabine, methyltestus Ron, testosterone propionate, testosterone enanthate, mepitiostane, fosfestrol, chlormadinone acetate, acetic Eyupurin and buserelin acetate.
(42) Vitamin drugs
(1) Vitamin A: Vitamin A1, Vitamin A2And retinol palmitate
(2) Vitamin Ds: Vitamin D1, D2, D3, D4And D5
(3) Vitamin Es: α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, dl-α-tocopherol nicotinate
4) Vitamin Ks: Vitamin K1, K2, K3And K4
5) Folic acid (vitamin M)
(6) Vitamin Bs: Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6And vitamin B12
(7) Biotin (vitamin H) and the like.
(43) Vitamin derivatives
Various derivatives of vitamins, for example, vitamin D such as 5,6-trans-cholecalciferol, 2,5-hydroxycholecalciferol, 1-α-hydroxycholecalciferol3Vitamin D such as derivatives, 5,6-trans-ergocalciferol2Derivatives and the like.
[0064]
(44) Antiallergic drugs
Diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, tripelenamine, metzylamine, clemizole, diphenylpyrazine, methoxyphenamine, sodium cromoglycate, tranilast, repirinast, amlexanox, ibudilast, ketotifen, terfenadine, mequitazine, acerastine, epinastine, ozagrel hydrochloride , Seratrodast etc.
(45) Anti-asthmatic drug
Isoprenaline hydrochloride, salbutamol sulfate, procaterol hydrochloride, terbutaline sulfate, trimethoquinol hydrochloride, tulobuterol hydrochloride, orciprenaline sulfate, fenoterol hydrobromide, ephedrine hydrochloride, iprotropium bromide, oxitropium bromide, flutropium bromide, theophylline, aminophylline, aminophylline, Sodium cromoglycate, tranilast, repirinast, amlexanone, ibudilast, ketotifen, terfenadine, mequitazine, azelastine, epinastine, ozagrel hydrochloride, pranlukast hydrate, seratrodast, dexamethasone, prednisolone, hydrocorthion, beclopetazone propionate and the like.
(46) A therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis
Sodium cromoglycate and the like.
(47) Remedies for allergic rhinitis
Sodium cromoglycate, chlorpheniramine maleate, alimemazine tartrate, clemastine fumarate, homochlorcyclidine hydrochloride, terfenadine, mequitazine and the like.
(48) Urinary frequency / urinary incontinence treatment
Flavoxate hydrochloride and the like.
(49) Anti-Sepsis drug
rBPI-21 (bactericidal permeability \ increasing \ protein), BI-51017 (antithrombin III), SC-59735 (rTFPI), r-PAF acetylhydrolase, LY-203638 (r-activated protein C), Peptidic compounds such as anti-TNF-α antibody and anti-CD14 antibody, JTE-607, E-5531, E-5564, S-5920, FR-167653, ONO-1714, ONO-5046 (sivelestat), GW-273629, Non-peptidic compounds such as RWJ-67657 and the like.
(50) Other
Hydroxycam, diaserine, megestrol acetate, nicerogolin, prostaglandins and the like.
[0065]
When the cycloalkene compound or the compound A is used in combination with another drug, the following effects are obtained.
(1) The doses of the cycloalkene compound or compound A and the concomitant drug can be reduced as compared with the case where they are administered alone.
(2) A synergistic therapeutic effect is obtained for the above-mentioned sepsis, particularly severe sepsis, septic shock, inflammatory disease, infectious disease and other diseases.
(3) It has a wide therapeutic effect on various diseases caused by diseases such as bacterial infection.
When combined, the administration time of the cycloalkene compound or compound A and the concomitant drug is not limited, and the cycloalkene compound or compound A or the pharmaceutical composition thereof and the concomitant drug or the pharmaceutical composition thereof are simultaneously administered to the administration subject. It may be administered at an interval or at different times. The dose of the concomitant drug may be in accordance with the dose clinically used, and can be appropriately selected depending on the administration subject, administration route, disease, combination, and the like.
The administration form of the combination is not particularly limited as long as the cycloalkene compound or compound A and the concomitant drug are combined at the time of administration. Examples of such a dosage form include (1) administration of a single preparation obtained by simultaneously preparing a cycloalkene compound or compound A or a pharmaceutical composition thereof and a concomitant drug, (2) cycloalkene compound or compound A or its pharmaceutical composition and a concomitant drug or its pharmaceutical composition are separately formulated, and two kinds of preparations are simultaneously administered by the same administration route. (3) Cycloalkene compound or compound A or its pharmaceutical composition And two or more preparations obtained by separately formulating a drug and a concomitant drug or a pharmaceutical composition thereof with the same administration route at a time lag (4) Combined use with a cycloalkene compound or compound A or a pharmaceutical composition thereof Simultaneous administration of two formulations obtained by separately formulating a drug or a pharmaceutical composition thereof by different administration routes, (5) cycloalkene compound Alternatively, administration of two types of preparations obtained by separately formulating compound A or a pharmaceutical composition thereof and a concomitant drug or a pharmaceutical composition thereof at a different time by different administration routes (for example, cycloalkene compound or compound A) Or a pharmaceutical composition thereof; administration of the concomitant drug or the pharmaceutical composition thereof in the order, or administration in the reverse order).
[0066]
The compounding ratio of the cycloalkene compound or compound A and the concomitant drug in the concomitant drug of the present invention can be appropriately selected depending on the administration subject, administration route, disease and the like.
For example, the content of the cycloalkene compound or compound A in the concomitant drug of the present invention varies depending on the form of the preparation, but is usually about 0.01 to 100% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to 50% by weight, based on the whole preparation. %, More preferably about 0.5 to 20% by weight.
The content of the concomitant drug in the concomitant drug of the present invention varies depending on the form of the preparation, but is usually about 0.01 to 100% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to 50% by weight, more preferably about 0.1 to 50% by weight, based on the whole preparation. It is about 0.5 to 20% by weight.
The content of additives such as a carrier in the concomitant preparation of the present invention varies depending on the form of the preparation, but is usually about 1 to 99.99% by weight, preferably about 10 to 90% by weight based on the whole preparation. .
The same content may be used when the cycloalkene compound or compound A and the concomitant drug are separately formulated.
[0067]
When the cycloalkene compound or compound A is administered to a human, it is mixed with itself or an appropriate pharmacologically acceptable carrier, excipient, diluent, or the like, and is orally administered (eg, powder, granule, tablet) , Capsules, etc.), drugs for parenteral administration (eg, injections, external preparations (eg, transnasal preparations, transdermal preparations, etc.), suppositories (eg, rectal suppositories, vaginal suppositories, etc.) It can be safely administered orally or parenterally as a composition.
These preparations can be produced, for example, by applying a method known per se that is generally used in the production of preparations. The mixing ratio of the cycloalkene compound or compound A in the preparation varies depending on the form thereof, but is preferably, for example, about 10 to about 95% by weight in the above-mentioned oral preparation, and about 0. 0% in the above-mentioned parenteral administration. 001 to about 95% by weight is preferred.
[0068]
For example, an injection is a solubilizing agent (eg, β-cyclodextrin or the like) of a cycloalkene compound or compound A, a dispersant (eg, Tween 80 (manufactured by Atlas Powder Co., USA), HCO60 (manufactured by Nikko Chemicals) ), Carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, etc.), preservatives (eg, methylparaben, propylparaben, benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, etc.), tonicity agents (eg, sodium chloride, glycerin, sorbitol, glucose, etc.) and the like in accordance with the usual methods. It can be made into an aqueous injection, or it can be appropriately dissolved, suspended or emulsified in vegetable oil (eg, olive oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, etc.), propylene glycol, etc. to form an oily injection. it can.
For oral administration, the cycloalkene compound or the compound A may contain, for example, excipients (eg, lactose, sucrose, starch, etc.), disintegrants (eg, starch, calcium carbonate, etc.), binders (eg, starch, gum arabic) , Carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropylcellulose, etc.) or a lubricant (eg, talc, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol 6000, etc.) as appropriate, and compression-molded, then, if necessary, taste masking, It can also be produced by applying a coating by a method known per se for enteric or sustained purposes. Examples of the coating agent include hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, polyoxyethylene glycol,
[0069]
The cycloalkene compound or compound A can be used as a solid, semi-solid or liquid external preparation.
For example, as a solid external preparation, a cycloalkene compound or compound A may be used as it is, or an excipient (eg, glycol, mannitol, starch, microcrystalline cellulose, etc.), a thickener (eg, natural gums, cellulose derivatives, Acrylic acid polymer, etc.) may be added and mixed to form a powdery composition. The semi-solid external preparation is preferably produced according to a conventional method and used as an aqueous or oily gel or ointment. Liquid external preparations can also be produced by preparing them into oily or aqueous suspensions by the means used for the production of injections or the equivalent.
In addition, solid, semi-solid or liquid external preparations include pH adjusters (eg, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, etc.), preservatives (eg, paraoxybenzoic acid esters, chlorobutanol) , Benzalkonium chloride) may be added as appropriate. Specifically, for example, an ointment containing about 0.1 to about 100 mg of a cycloalkene compound or a compound A per 1 g based on petrolatum, lanolin or the like can also be used.
The cycloalkene compound or compound A may be an oily or aqueous solid, semi-solid or liquid suppository. Examples of the oily base for producing suppositories include glycerides of higher fatty acids (eg, cocoa butter, witepsol (manufactured by Dynamite Nobel), etc.) and intermediate fatty acids (eg, miglyolic acid (manufactured by Dynamite Nobel)) And vegetable oils (eg, sesame oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, etc.) and the like are used as appropriate. As the aqueous base, for example, polyethylene glycols, propylene glycol and the like are used, and as the aqueous gel base, for example, natural gums, cellulose derivatives, vinyl polymers, acrylic acid polymers and the like are appropriately used.
[0070]
The dosage of the cycloalkene compound or compound A varies depending on the age, body weight, symptom, dosage form, administration method, administration period, and the like. For example, the amount of compound A per patient (adult, approximately 60 kg in weight) with severe sepsis is usually About 0.01 to about 1000 mg / kg per day, preferably about 0.01 to about 100 mg / kg, more preferably about 0.1 to about 100 mg / kg, especially about 0.1 to about 50 mg / kg, Of these, about 1.5 to about 30 mg / kg is orally or parenterally administered once to several times a day. Of course, as described above, since the dose varies under various conditions, a dose smaller than the above dose may be sufficient, or it may be necessary to administer beyond the range.
The dose of the concomitant drug of the present invention varies depending on the type, age, body weight, symptom, dosage form, administration method, administration period, and the like of the compound. For example, it is usually determined per patient with severe sepsis (adult, about 60 kg in weight). , As a cycloalkene compound or compound A and a concomitant drug, respectively, about 0.01 to about 1000 mg / kg, preferably about 0.01 to about 100 mg / kg, more preferably about 0.1 to about 100 mg / kg per day, In particular, about 0.1 to about 50 mg / kg, particularly about 1.5 to about 30 mg / kg, is intravenously administered once to several times a day. Of course, as described above, since the dose varies under various conditions, a dose smaller than the above dose may be sufficient, or it may be necessary to administer beyond the range.
The concomitant drug can be used in any amount as long as side effects do not matter. The daily dose of the concomitant drug varies depending on the degree of symptoms, age, gender, body weight, sensitivity difference, timing of administration, interval of administration, nature of pharmaceutical preparation, preparation, type, type of active ingredient, etc. Although not limited, the amount of the drug is usually, for example, about 0.001 to 2000 mg, preferably about 0.01 to 500 mg, more preferably about 0.1 to 100 mg per kg body weight of a mammal by oral administration, Is usually administered once to four times a day.
When administering the concomitant drug of the present invention, the concomitant drug may be administered at the same time, but after administering the concomitant drug first, the cycloalkene compound or compound A may be administered, or the cycloalkene compound or compound A may be administered. May be administered first, followed by administration of the concomitant drug. When the administration is carried out with a time difference, the time difference varies depending on the active ingredient to be administered, the dosage form, and the administration method. For example, when the concomitant drug is administered first, within 1 minute to 3 days after administration of the concomitant drug, preferably A method in which the cycloalkene compound or the compound A is administered within 10 minutes to 1 day, more preferably within 15 minutes to 1 hour. When the cycloalkene compound or compound A is administered first, the cycloalkene compound or compound A is administered within 1 minute to 1 day, preferably 10 minutes to 6 hours, more preferably 15 minutes to 1 hour after administration of the cycloalkene compound or compound A. A method of administering a drug may be mentioned.
[0071]
The present invention also provides a TLR signal inhibitor comprising a non-peptidic compound. The term “TLR signal” refers to signal transmission in which any Toll-like receptor recognizes a microbial cell component of a microorganism and induces a biological defense reaction. For example, signal transmission via known TLR1 to TLR10 is known. No.
The non-peptidic compound, which is an active ingredient of the TLR signal inhibitor of the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as the inhibitor of the present invention), inhibits signal transmission via any of the above TLRs and inhibits NO and / or cytokine There is no particular limitation as long as it can suppress the production of inflammatory mediators. Those capable of specifically inhibiting TLR4-mediated signal transmission are preferable, but those capable of specifically inhibiting other TLR signals and those capable of inhibiting a plurality of TLRs are also preferable. For example, a low molecular weight non-peptidic compound having a molecular weight of about 1,000 or less, preferably about 500 or less is used, and among them, a cycloalkene compound or the above compound A is preferably used.
These non-peptidic compounds are highly safe for the human body and can be used as pharmaceuticals (eg, agents for preventing or treating various diseases), veterinary drugs, and the like, in mammals (eg, rats, mice, guinea pigs, monkeys, cows, dogs, Pigs, humans, etc.).
[0072]
The non-peptidic compound according to the present invention has a low toxicity and has a TLR signal inhibitory action, and suppresses inflammatory mediators such as production of NO and / or cytokine. Therefore, diseases caused by changes in the signal, such as organ damage Useful for prevention and treatment of The term “organ” as used herein refers to various organs of the central nervous system, circulatory system, respiratory system, bone / joint system, digestive system or kidney / urinary system. The TLR signal inhibitor comprising the non-peptide compound of the present invention is specifically caused by a change in TLR signal.
(1) Central nervous system diseases [(i) neurodegenerative diseases (eg, senile dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, amyotrophic lateral cord sclerosis, diabetic neuropathy, etc.), (Ii) cerebral circulatory disorders (eg, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral circulatory insufficiency associated with cerebral arteriosclerosis, etc.), head trauma / spinal cord injury, encephalitis sequelae or cerebral palsy, (iii) memory Disorders (eg, senile dementia, amnesia, etc.)], especially Alzheimer's disease,
(2) Cardiovascular disease [(i) acute myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome such as unstable angina, (ii) peripheral artery occlusion, (iii) coronary intervention (percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA)) , Atherectomy (DCA), stent placement, etc.), (iv) restenosis after coronary artery bypass surgery, (v) intervention in other peripheral arteries (angioplasty, atherectomy, stent placement, etc.) and bypass Restenosis after surgery, (vi) ischemic heart disease such as myocardial infarction, angina, (vii) intermittent claudication, (viii) stroke (cerebral infarction, cerebral embolism, cerebral hemorrhage, etc.), (ix) lacunar infarction, (X) cerebrovascular dementia, (xi) arteriosclerosis (eg, atherosclerosis, etc.) and diseases caused by these (eg, ischemic heart disease such as myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction / brain) (Xii) heart failure, (xiii) arrhythmia, (xiv) atherosclerotic lesion development, (xv) thrombus formation, (xvi) hypotension, (xvii) shock, (xviii) shock Vascular embolism (such as disseminated intravascular blood coagulation (DIC)), especially arteriosclerosis,
(3) respiratory diseases (respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, emphysema, pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, etc.),
(4) Bone and joint diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteopenia, bone Petchet disease, osteomalacia, etc.), especially rheumatoid arthritis,
(5) gastrointestinal / hepato-biliary-pancreatic diseases (ulcerative colitis, gastritis, peptic ulcer, cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, etc.), especially ulcerative colitis,
(6) Kidney and urinary tract diseases [nephritis, renal failure, cystitis, etc.]
Or it is useful for prevention and treatment of diseases (such as multiple organ failure) in which these are combined. In addition, the TLR signal inhibitor containing the non-peptide compound of the present invention is also useful for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases caused by a change in TLR signal, particularly sepsis with severe organ damage (severe sepsis).
Accordingly, the present invention is based on a change in TLR signal comprising a non-peptidic compound (preferably having a molecular weight of about 1000 or less), preferably a cycloalkene compound or a TLR signal inhibitor containing the above compound A as an active ingredient. The present invention also provides a prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent for a disease (eg, any of the above-mentioned diseases).
The non-peptidic compound of the present invention may be formulated as a TLR signal inhibitor or a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for a disease caused by a change in TLR signal containing the same by the same method as the above-mentioned cycloalkene compound or compound A. And can be administered to mammals by the same administration route and dosage as described above.
[0073]
The non-peptidic compound of the present invention can be used in combination with a concomitant drug as described above for the cycloalkene compound or compound A in the prevention and treatment of the above-mentioned diseases. In particular, in the prophylactic treatment of severe sepsis, it can be used in combination with at least one drug selected from antibacterial drugs, antifungal drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid drugs and anticoagulants. In the prevention and treatment of central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, selected from Alzheimer's disease drugs, antiparkinson drugs, amyotrophic lateral cord sclerosis drugs, neurotrophic factors, antidepressants and schizophrenia drugs Can be used in combination with at least one drug. Furthermore, in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis, drugs for hyperlipidemia, drugs for arteriosclerosis, diuretics, drugs for hypertension, drugs for heart failure, drugs for arrhythmia, anticoagulants, It can be used in combination with at least one drug selected from antiplatelet drugs, antidiabetic drugs, HDL-increasing drugs and unstable plaque stabilizing drugs.
[0074]
According to the present invention, non-peptidic compounds of the present invention, especially cycloalkene compounds, especially Compound A, have been found as selective inhibitors of TLR signals. In addition, by the action of these TLR signal inhibitors, the above-mentioned various organ disorders, infectious diseases such as severe sepsis, central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis, bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, etc. -It has been found that digestive diseases such as joint diseases and ulcerative colitis are improved. Therefore, the present invention also relates to organ disorders containing TLR signal inhibitors, infectious diseases such as severe sepsis, central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and the like. Provided is a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for gastrointestinal diseases such as bone and joint diseases and ulcerative colitis.
Examples of the TLR signal inhibitor include a peptide compound (for example, an anti-TLR antibody, a TLR inhibitor peptide, MIF (migration inhibitory factor), macrophage, etc.) and the above non-peptidic compound, preferably a cycloalkene compound or compound A. No. Therefore, the TLR signal inhibitor of the present invention has low toxicity and is preferably used for the preventive treatment of organ disorders in mammals (eg, rats, mice, guinea pigs, monkeys, cows, dogs, pigs, humans, etc.).
The TLR signal inhibitor can be formulated by the same method as the above non-peptidic compound, and can be administered to mammals by the same administration route and dosage as above.
The prophylactic / therapeutic agent for organ damage and the like can be used in combination with any of the above concomitant drugs and the same concomitant drug, and can be administered to mammals by the same administration route and dosage as above.
In addition, the present invention inhibits the TLR signal by a TLR signal inhibitor or by other methods (for example, hypothermia treatment by placing in a low-temperature chamber, or hypnosis treatment by sleep technique or hypnotic drug administration). Thus, a method for preventing or treating severe sepsis or the above-mentioned organ disorders is provided.
[0075]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Reference Examples, Examples, and Test Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
1The H-NMR spectrum was measured with a Varian Gemini 200 (200 MHz) type spectrometer using tetramethylsilane as an internal standard, and all δ values were shown in ppm. Numerical values shown in parentheses in the mixed solvent are volume mixing ratios of each solvent. % Means percent by weight unless otherwise specified. The ratio of the solvent in the silica gel chromatography indicates the volume ratio of the mixed solvent.
A highly polar diastereomer is a diastereomer having a smaller Rf value under the same conditions (for example, ethyl acetate / hexane or the like can be used as a solvent) when the Rf values of normal phase thin layer chromatography are compared. It means a stereoisomer, and the less polar diastereomer means a diastereomer having a larger Rf value.
The melting point was measured using a melting point measuring device manufactured by Yanagi Head Office. The data of powder X-ray crystal diffraction was Cu-Kα1Using a line, the measurement was performed using a RINT 2500 type (Rigaku Denki Co., Ltd.).
Each symbol in the examples has the following meaning.
s: singlet, d: doublet, t: triplet, q: quartet, dd: double doublet, tt: triple triplet, m: multiplet, br: wide, J: coupling constant
The following Reference Example A is manufactured according to the reference example of WO99 / 46242, Reference Example B is manufactured according to the example of WO99 / 46242, Reference Example C is manufactured according to the reference example of WO01 / 10826, and Reference Example D is manufactured according to the example of WO01 / 10826. it can.
[0076]
[Reference Example A]
Reference Example A1 {ethyl} 2-sulfo-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
Reference Example A2 {ethyl} 2-chlorosulfonyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
Reference Example A3 {ethyl} 2-chlorosulfonyl-1-cyclopentene-1-carboxylate
Reference Example A4 {ethyl} 2-chlorosulfonyl-1-cycloheptene-1-carboxylate
Reference Example A5 Sodium salt of 6- [N- (4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
Reference Example A6 {1- (3-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl) -1H-1,2,4-triazole
Reference Example A7 {1- (4-amino-3-fluorophenyl) -1H-1,2,4-triazole
Reference Example A8 Methyl 4- (benzyloxycarbonylamino) -3-chlorobenzoate
Reference Example A9 4- (benzyloxycarbonylamino) -3-chlorobenzoic acid
Reference Example A10 {tert-butyl} N- (4-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-chlorobenzoyl) glycinate
Reference Example A11 {tert-butyl} N- (4-amino-3-chlorobenzoyl) glycinate
Reference Example A12 {6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
Reference Example A13 {Ethyl} 2-mercapto-5-phenyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
Reference Example A14 {Ethyl} 2-chlorosulfonyl-5-phenyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
Reference Example A15 {ethyl} 5-tert-butyl-2-mercapto-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
Reference Example A16 {Ethyl} 5-tert-butyl-2-chlorosulfonyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
Reference Example A17 {ethyl} 5,5-dimethyl-2-mercapto-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
Reference Example A18 {ethyl} 2-chlorosulfonyl-5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
[0077]
[Reference Example B]
Reference Example B1 {Ethyl} 6- [N- (4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 1)
Reference Example B2 {Ethyl} 6- [N- (4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl) -N-methylsulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 2)
Reference Example B3 {ethyl} 6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 3)
Reference Example B4 {Ethyl} 6- [N- (2,6-diisopropylphenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 4)
Reference Example B5 {ethyl} 6- [N- (4-nitrophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 5)
Reference Example B6 {ethyl} 6- (N-phenylsulfamoyl) -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 6)
Ethyl {2- (N-phenylsulfamoyl) -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 7)
Reference Example B7 {Ethyl} 2- [N- (4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 9)
Reference Example B8 {2- (4-methoxyphenyl) -4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2-benzisothiazol-3 (2H) -one} 1,1-dioxide (compound 67)
Ethyl {2- [N- (4-methoxyphenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 8)
Reference Example B9 {ethyl} 6- [N- (2-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 10)
Reference Example B10 {Ethyl} 6- [N- (3-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 11)
[0078]
Reference Example B11 {2- (4-fluorophenyl) -4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2-benzisothiazol-3 (2H) -one} 1,1-dioxide (Compound 68)
Ethyl {6- [N- (4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 12)
Ethyl {2- [N- (4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 18)
Reference Example B12 {Ethyl} 6- [N- (2,6-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 13)
Reference Example B13 {Ethyl} 6- [N- (2,3-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 14)
Reference Example B14 {Ethyl} 6- [N- (2,5-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 15)
Reference Example B15 {ethyl} 6- [N- (3,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 16)
Reference Example B16 {ethyl} 6- [N- (3,5-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 17)
Reference Example B17 {1-ethyl} 6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 19)
d-Ethyl {6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 20)
Reference Example B18 {ethyl} 6- [N- (2-ethoxycarbonylphenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 21)
Reference Example B19 {Methyl} 6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 22)
Reference Example B20 {Propyl} 6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 23)
[0079]
Reference Example B21 {Methyl} 6- [N- (4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 24)
Reference Example B22 {isopropyl} 6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 25)
Reference Example B23 {Ethyl} 6- [N- (2-methoxycarbonylphenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 26)
Reference Example B24 {ethyl} 6- [N- (2-fluoro-4-methylphenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 27)
Reference Example B25 {Ethyl {6- [N- (2-chlorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (Compound 28)
Reference Example B26 {Ethyl {6- [N- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (Compound 29)
Reference Example B27 {ethyl} 6- [N- (4-chlorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (compound {30)
Reference Example B28 {Ethyl {6- [N- (2,3,4-trifluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (Compound 31)
Reference Example B29 {Isobutyl} 6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 32)
Reference Example B30 {butyl} 6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 33)
[0080]
Reference Example B31 {ethyl {6- [N- (4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (compound 34)
Reference Example B32 {Ethyl {6- [N- (2,4-dichlorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (compound 35)
Reference Example B33 {Ethyl {6- [N- (2-acetoxyphenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (Compound 36)
Reference Example B34 {Ethyl {6- [N- (3-chlorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (Compound 37)
Reference Example B35 {Ethyl {6- [N- (2,3-dichlorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (Compound 38)
Reference Example B36 {ethyl {6- [N- (2-ethylphenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (compound 39)
Reference Example B37 {Ethyl {6- [N- [4- (2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl) phenyl] sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (compound 40)
Reference Example B38 {Ethyl {6- [N- (2,5-dichlorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (Compound 41)
Reference Example B39 {ethyl} 6- [N- (2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 42)
Reference Example B40 {Ethyl {6- [N- (2,4,5-trifluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (Compound 43)
[0081]
Reference Example B41 {ethyl {6- [N- [4- (2H-tetrazol-2-yl) phenyl] sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (compound 44)
Reference Example B42 {Ethyl {6- [N- (2-chloro-4-methylphenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (compound 45)
Reference Example B43 {Ethyl {6- [N- (4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (Compound 46)
Reference Example B44 {ethyl {6- [N- (2,6-dichlorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (compound 47)
Reference Example B45 {Ethyl {6- [N- [4- (1H-tetrazol-1-yl) phenyl] sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (compound 48)
Reference Example B46 {Ethyl {6- [N- (4- (1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) phenyl] sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (compound 49)
Reference Example B47 {Ethyl {6- [N- (2-trifluoromethylphenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (Compound 50)
Reference Example B48 {Ethyl {6- [N- (4-methoxycarbonylphenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (Compound 51)
Reference Example B49 {Benzyl} 6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 52)
Reference Example B50 {ethyl} 6- [N- [4- [2,3-bis (tert-butoxycarbonyl) guanidinomethyl] phenyl] sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 53)
[0082]
Reference Example B51 {Ethyl {6- [N- (2-chloro-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (Compound 54)
Reference Example B52 {Ethyl {6- [N- (2-chloro-4-cyanophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (compound 55)
Reference Example B53 {2-hydroxyethyl} 6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 56)
Reference Example B54 {Ethyl {6- [N- [2-fluoro-4- (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) phenyl] sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (compound 57)
Reference Example B55 {Ethyl} 2- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclopentene-1-carboxylate (Compound 66)
Ethyl {5- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclopentene-1-carboxylate (Compound 58)
Reference Example B56 {tert-butyl} [6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexen-1-yl] carbonyloxyacetate (Compound 59)
Reference Example B57 {[6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexen-1-yl] carbonyloxyacetic acid (Compound 60)
Reference Example B58 {ethyl} 7- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cycloheptene-1-carboxylate (compound 61)
Reference Example B59 {Ethyl {6- [N- [2-chloro-4- (N-tert-butoxycarbonylmethylcarbamoyl) phenyl] sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (Compound 62)
Reference Example B60 {Ethyl {6- [N- [2-chloro-4- (N-ethoxycarbonylmethylcarbamoyl) phenyl] sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (Compound 63)
[0083]
Reference Example B61 {ethyl} 5- [N- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclopentene-1-carboxylate (Compound 64)
Reference Example B62 {2- [4- (2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy) phenyl] -4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2-benzisothiazol-3 (2H) -
Reference Example B63 {ethyl} 7- [N- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cycloheptene-1-carboxylate (compound 65)
Reference Example B64 {2- (2,4-difluorophenyl) -5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1,2-benzisothiazol-3 (2H) -one} 1,1-dioxide (compound 70)
Reference Example B65 {Ethyl {6- [N- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (Compound 29)
Reference Example B66 {ethyl} (6S) -6-[(2-chloro-4-fluoroanilino) sulfonyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (l-ethyl} 6- [N- (2-chloro-4-fluoro Phenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate) (compound 71)
Ethyl {(6R) -6-[(2-chloro-4-fluoroanilino) sulfonyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (d-ethyl} 6- [N- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl ] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate) (Compound 72)
Reference Example B67 {ethyl} 6- [N- (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 73)
Reference Example B68 {Ethyl} 6- [N- (4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 74)
Reference Example B69 High-polar diastereomer (compound 75) and low-polar diastereomer (compound) of {ethyl} 6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -3-phenyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate 76)
Reference Example B70 Highly polar diastereomer (compound 77) and low-polar diastereomer of {ethyl} 6- [N- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -3-phenyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (Compound 78)
[0084]
Reference Example B71 {Highly polar diastereomer of {ethyl} 6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -3-tert-butyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (compound 79) and a less polar diastereomer (Compound 80)
Reference Example B72 {Highly polar diastereomer of ethyl {6- [N- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -3-tert-butyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (compound 81) and low polar dia Stereomer (compound 82)
Reference Example B73 {ethyl} 6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -3,3-dimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 83)
Reference Example B74 {ethyl} 6- [N- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -3,3-dimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 84)
Reference Example B75 {Ethyl {3-bromo-6- [N- (2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate} (Compound 85)
Tables 1 to 12 show the chemical structural formulas of
[0085]
[Table 1]
[0086]
[Table 2]
[0087]
[Table 3]
[0088]
[Table 4]
[0089]
[Table 5]
[0090]
[Table 6]
[0091]
[Table 7]
[0092]
[Table 8]
[0093]
[Table 9]
[0094]
[Table 10]
[0095]
[Table 11]
[0096]
[Table 12]
[0097]
[Reference Example C]
Reference Example C1 {ethyl} 6- (benzylsulfanyl) -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
Reference Example C2 {ethyl} 6-[(4-methoxybenzyl) sulfanyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
Reference Example C3 {ethyl} 6-[(2,4-difluorobenzyl) sulfanyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
Reference Example C4 {ethyl} 6-[(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl) sulfanyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
Reference Example C5 {ethyl} 5-hydroxy-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylate
Reference Example C6 {ethyl} 5-sulfanyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylate
Reference Example C7 @ 4- (ethoxycarbonyl) -5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-sulfonic acid
Reference Example C8 {ethyl} 5- (chlorosulfonyl) -3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylate
[0098]
[Reference Example D]
Reference Example D1 {ethyl} 6- (benzylsulfonyl) -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 1 ')
Reference Example D2 {ethyl} 6-[(4-methoxybenzyl) sulfonyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 2 ')
Reference Example D3 {ethyl} 6-[(2,4-difluorobenzyl) sulfonyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 3 ')
Reference Example D4 {ethyl} 6-[(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl) sulfonyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 4 ')
Reference Example D5 {ethyl} (-)-6-[(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl) sulfonyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 5 ')
Ethyl {(+)-6-[(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl) sulfonyl] -1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (compound 6 ')
Reference Example D6 {ethyl} 3-[(2,4-difluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylate (compound 7 ')
Reference Example D7 {ethyl} 3-[(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] -3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylate (compound 8 ')
[0099]
Tables 13 and 14 show the chemical structural formulas of Compounds 1 'to 8'.
[Table 13]
[0100]
[Table 14]
[0101]
Example (formulation example) 1
(1) Compound 72B10 mg of Reference Example B66
(2) Lactose ¥ 60mg
(3) Cornstarch 35mg
(4) Gelatin $ 3mg
(5) Magnesium stearate 2mg
A mixture of 72 mg of the compound of Reference Example B66, 60 mg of lactose, and 35 mg of corn starch was granulated through a 1 mm mesh sieve using 0.03 ml of a 10% gelatin aqueous solution (3 mg as gelatin), dried at 40 ° C. and sieved again. . The granules thus obtained are mixed with 2 mg of magnesium stearate and compressed. The resulting core tablet is coated with a sugar coating in an aqueous suspension of sucrose, titanium dioxide, talc and gum arabic. The coated tablets are polished with beeswax to obtain coated tablets.
[0102]
Example (formulation example) 2
(1) Compound 72B10 mg of Reference Example B66
(2) Lactose 70mg
(3) Corn starch ¥ 50mg
(4) Soluble starch ¥ 7mg
(5) Magnesium stearate 3mg
10 mg of the compound of Reference Example B66 and 3 mg of magnesium stearate are granulated with 0.07 ml of an aqueous solution of soluble starch (7 mg as soluble starch), dried, and mixed with 70 mg of lactose and 50 mg of corn starch. The mixture is compressed to give tablets.
[0103]
Example (formulation formulation example) 3
(1)
(2) Lactose ¥ 60mg
(3) Cornstarch 35mg
(4) Gelatin $ 3mg
(5) Magnesium stearate 2mg
A mixture of 29 mg of the compound of Reference Example B65, 60 mg of lactose, and 35 mg of corn starch was granulated through a 1 mm mesh sieve using 0.03 ml of a 10% gelatin aqueous solution (3 mg as gelatin), dried at 40 ° C. and sieved again. . The granules thus obtained are mixed with 2 mg of magnesium stearate and compressed. The resulting core tablet is coated with a sugar coating in an aqueous suspension of sucrose, titanium dioxide, talc and gum arabic. The coated tablets are polished with beeswax to obtain coated tablets.
[0104]
Example (formulation formulation example) 4
(1)
(2) Lactose 70mg
(3) Corn starch ¥ 50mg
(4) Soluble starch ¥ 7mg
(5) Magnesium stearate 3mg
29 mg of the compound of Reference Example B65 and 3 mg of magnesium stearate are granulated with 0.07 ml of an aqueous solution of soluble starch (7 mg as soluble starch), dried, and mixed with 70 mg of lactose and 50 mg of corn starch. The mixture is compressed to give tablets.
[0105]
Test Example 1 Effect of administration after LPS inoculation in endotoxin shock model (1)
In order to examine the therapeutic effect in the course of escalation after the onset of sepsis, the effect of the test substance (Reference Example B1) upon administration after LPS inoculation in an endotoxin shock model was examined. That is, 7-week-old BALB / c female mice (n = 7) were intraperitoneally inoculated with LPS (10 mg / kg), and the survival of the mice was observed for one week. The test substance was suspended in a 0.5% aqueous solution of methylcellulose and intraperitoneally inoculated (30 mg / kg) 1 hour before, immediately after, 30 minutes or 1 hour after LPS inoculation. In the control group, the solvent was intraperitoneally administered 1 hour before LPS inoculation. The results are shown in FIG.
It was found that the test substance exerted a clear life-saving effect even when administered 1 hour after LPS inoculation. That is, when the test substance is administered in a state of severe sepsis (see Reference Test Example 1), a remarkable life-saving effect can be expected.
[0106]
Reference Test Example 1 Measurement of white blood cell count and platelet count
After LPS (10 mg / kg) was intraperitoneally administered to the mouse, blood was collected at the designated time, and the collected blood (about 45 μL) and 1.5% EDTA-2Na (4.5 μL) were mixed, and the mixture was collected. The leukocyte count and platelet count were measured using a blood cell counter (F-800, Sysmex). The results are shown in FIGS. Thirty minutes to one hour after LPS inoculation, a decrease in white blood cell count (FIG. 2) and platelet count (FIG. 3) is observed, and 30 to 1 hour after LPS inoculation, a pathological condition as seen in severe sepsis patients is induced. It is suggested that there is a possibility.
[0107]
Test Example 2 Effect of administration after LPS inoculation in endotoxin shock model (2)
In order to examine the therapeutic effect in the course of escalation after the onset of sepsis, the effect of the test substance (Reference Example B66) upon administration after LPS inoculation in an endotoxin shock model was examined. That is, 7-week-old BALB / c female mice (n = 10) were intraperitoneally inoculated with LPS (4 mg / kg), and the survival of the mice was observed for 5 days. The test substance was a soybean oil emulsion and administered intravenously (10 mg / kg) 1, 2, 4 or 6 hours after LPS inoculation. In the control group, an emulsion containing no drug was intravenously administered immediately after LPS inoculation. FIG. 4 shows the results. It was found that the test substance exerted a clear life-saving effect even when administered 4 hours after LPS inoculation. That is, when the test substance is administered in a state of severe sepsis (see Reference Test Example 1), a remarkable life-saving effect can be expected.
[0108]
Test Example 3 A lethal model of galactosamine-loaded mice inoculated with Escherichia coli
Since sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response caused by infection, the effect of the test substance (Reference Example B26) upon administration after bacterial inoculation in an infection model was examined. That is, 7-week-old BALB / c female mice (n = 8) were added together with galactosamine (1 g / kg), which is a liver injury-inducing substance, to {E. Coli O111 (5.9 × 105(CFU) was intraperitoneally inoculated, and the survival of the mice was observed for 6 days. The test substance was suspended in a 0.5% aqueous solution of methylcellulose and orally administered (30 mg / kg) immediately after inoculation of the bacteria, 30 minutes later, 1, 2 or 4 hours later. A solvent was orally administered to the control group immediately after inoculation of the bacteria. FIG. 5 shows the results.
It was found that the test substance exerted a clear life-saving effect even when administered to a mouse in which galactosamine was inoculated to induce liver injury and 1 hour after the bacterial inoculation. In other words, the test substance can be expected to have an effect of improving the state of severe sepsis that causes organ damage.
[0109]
Test example 4. Effect of TLR selective agonist on NO production
Using a mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells, the inhibitory effect of a test substance on cytokine production by a TLR selective agonist was examined. On the day before the experiment, 5 x 10 cells5The cells were suspended in RPMI1640 medium supplemented with 10% inactivated fetal bovine serum at a concentration of 0.2 mL / well and seeded at 0.2 mL / well in a 96-well microplate. 37 ° C, 5% CO2After overnight culture in / 95% air, the medium was changed to RPMI1640 medium supplemented with 1% inactivated fetal bovine serum, and test substances, various TLR agonists and interferon-γ (final concentration 0.1 ng / mL) were added. did. After further culturing overnight, the concentration of nitrite ions (stable metabolite of NO) in the culture supernatant was quantified by a fluorescence method using 2,3-dimethylaminophthalene. Note that LPS is used as a TLR4 selective agonist, peptidoglycan (PGN) is used as a TLR2 selective agonist, and CpG oligo DNA (CPG) is used as a TLR9 selective agonist at a final concentration of 5 ng / mL, 1 μg / mL, It was added to a concentration of 75 nmol / L. The test substance is dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide to a concentration of 10 mM, diluted with RPMI1640 medium supplemented with 1% inactivated fetal bovine serum to a concentration of 0.1 mM, and further diluted to 10 times the final concentration. It was diluted with a medium and added to 1/10. Table 15 shows the results.
[Table 15]
The test substance inhibited NO production by LPS, a TLR4 agonist, by 10%.-8Mol / L order IC50However, NO production by PGN and CPG, which are TLR2 and TLR9 agonists, was hardly suppressed. Therefore, it can be said that the test substance is a TLR4 signal-selective inhibitor.
[0110]
Test Example 5. Effect of β-amyloid peptide on cytokine production
Test substance for cytokine production by β-amyloid peptide (1-40) which is considered to be involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease using mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells (Reference Examples B1, Reference B26, Reference B3) Was examined for its inhibitory effect. On the day before the experiment, 5 x 10 cells5The cells were suspended in RPMI1640 medium supplemented with 10% inactivated fetal bovine serum at a concentration of 0.2 mL / well and seeded at 0.2 mL / well in a 96-well microplate. 37 ° C, 5% CO2After overnight culture under / 95% air, the medium was changed to RPMI1640 medium supplemented with 1% inactivated fetal bovine serum, and the test substance, β-amyloid peptide (1-40) (final concentration 10 μM) and interferon-γ ( (Final concentration 10 U / mL) was added. After further culturing overnight, the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 in the culture supernatant were measured using an enzyme immunoassay kit manufactured by Amersham. The test substance was dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide to a concentration of 10 mM, diluted with RPMI1640 medium supplemented with 1% inactivated fetal bovine serum to a concentration of 0.1 mM, and further diluted to 10 times the final concentration. It was diluted with a medium and added to 1/10. Table 16 shows the suppression rates.
[Table 16]
The test substance markedly suppressed cytokine production from macrophage cells induced by β-amyloid peptide.
[0111]
Test Example 6. Effect in rat balloon injury model
Using male Sprague-Dawley rats, the neck was incised and the left carotid artery was exposed under anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (45 mg / kg ip). Inserting a Forgery catheter (2F, manufactured by Baxtar) from the femoral artery to the internal and external carotid bifurcations of the left carotid artery, inflating the balloon and scraping to the aortic arch bifurcation, repeated 3 times, injured the common carotid artery did. After the injury, the catheter was removed, the incision was sutured, and the individual was reared in a normal rearing cage. Two weeks after injury, after exsanguination and death under anesthesia, the left (injured) side and the right (non-injured side) carotid artery were excised 5 mm from the internal and external carotid bifurcations and 5 mm on the heart side, and DNA content was measured. did. The drug (Reference Example B3) was suspended in 0.5% methylcellulose and administered intraperitoneally once a day from the day of balloon injury treatment to the removal of the carotid artery. At the time of balloon injury treatment, balloon injury was given after
As shown in FIG. 6, the test substance suppressed the blood vessel thickening due to balloon injury in a volume-dependent manner.
[0112]
Test Example 7 Effects in a model of dextran sulfate-induced colitis
A 5% dextran sulfate (DSS) solution was placed in a water bottle, and CBA / J female mice (8w) were allowed to freely drink water for 5 days, and switched to a 1% DSS solution on
[Table 17]
Since the test substance remarkably suppressed the change of WBC, RBC, Hb and Ht by DSS, it was found to be useful for treating ulcerative colitis and the like.
[0113]
Test Example 8. Effect in collagen-induced arthritis model
Cattle-derived type II collagen was dissolved in a 0.05% acetic acid solution, and mixed with an equal amount of Freund's complete adjuvant to form an emulsion. Collagen emulsion was administered at a dose of 100 μg / 0.1 μmL intradermally to the ridge of DBA / 1 male mouse (6 W) (n = 10-12) to induce arthritis. During the course, the degree of redness and edema of the extremities was visually observed. The drug (Reference Example B3) (30 mg / kg) was suspended in 0.5% MC, and orally administered once a day (except on Sunday) from collagen immunization for 8 weeks. The onset of arthritis was evaluated weekly, and the incidence was expressed as (number of affected limbs / number of limbs of
[Table 18]
Since the test substance significantly improved the incidence and index of arthritis, it was found to be useful for treating rheumatoid arthritis and the like.
[0114]
【The invention's effect】
The medicament of the present invention containing a cycloalkene compound is useful as a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for sepsis, particularly severe sepsis. Further, the TLR signal inhibitor of the present invention containing a non-peptide compound is useful as a preventive / therapeutic agent for various organ disorders, severe sepsis, Alzheimer's disease, arteriosclerosis, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. It is.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the time course of the survival rate of LPS-inoculated mice to which a test substance (Reference Example B1) was administered at various times. The horizontal axis shows the time after LPS inoculation, and the vertical axis shows the survival rate of mice (Survival (%)). ● indicates that the test substance was not administered, △ indicates that the test substance was administered 1 hour before LPS inoculation, □ indicates that the test substance was administered immediately after LPS inoculation, and ○ indicates the test substance 0.5 hour after LPS inoculation. ▽ shows the results when the test substance was administered 1 hour after LPS inoculation.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a time-dependent change in the number of white blood cells in mice after LPS inoculation. The horizontal axis represents the time after LPS inoculation, and the vertical axis represents the white blood cell count (× 102/ ΜL).
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the time course of platelet count in mice after LPS inoculation. The horizontal axis represents the time after LPS inoculation, and the vertical axis represents the platelet count (× 104/ ΜL).
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the time course of the survival rate of LPS-inoculated mice to which a test substance (Reference Example B66) was administered at various times. The horizontal axis shows the time after LPS inoculation, and the vertical axis shows the survival rate of mice (Survival (%)). ● indicates that the test substance-free emulsion was administered immediately after LPS inoculation, ○ indicates that the test substance was administered immediately after LPS inoculation, □ indicates that the test substance was administered 1 hour after LPS inoculation, and Δ indicates LPS inoculation Shows the results when the test substance was administered 2 hours after the injection, shows the results when the test substance was administered 4 hours after the LPS inoculation, and ◇ shows the results when the test substance was administered 6 hours after the LPS inoculation.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the time course of the survival rate of a galactosamine-loaded mouse Escherichia coli inoculation model administered with a test substance (Reference Example B26) at various times. The horizontal axis shows the time after inoculation of Escherichia coli, and the vertical axis shows the survival rate (Survival (%)) of the mouse. ● indicates that the test substance-free solvent was administered immediately after inoculation of Escherichia coli, ○ indicates that the test substance was administered immediately after inoculation of E. coli, and the circle cross indicates that the test substance was administered 0.5 hours after inoculation of E. coli. The test substance was administered 1 hour after inoculation of Escherichia coli, △ indicates the case where the test substance was administered 2 hours after LPS inoculation, and ▽ indicates the case where the test substance was administered 4 hours after LPS inoculation. The results are shown.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of a test substance (Reference Example B3) on vascular hypertrophy in rats due to balloon injury. The vertical axis indicates the DNA content (μg / cm). Normal shows rats without balloon injury, Injured shows rats with balloon injury, and Difference shows the difference between the two. For each column, 30 mg / kg / d and 100 mg / kg / d of the compound of Reference Example B3 are shown from the left. (**: p <0.01)
Claims (20)
R0は水素原子または脂肪族炭化水素基を示すか、あるいはRとR0とは結合して結合手を形成し、
環A1は(1)置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、(2)置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、(3)式:−OR11(式中、R11は水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基および(4)ハロゲン原子からなる群より選ばれる1〜4個の置換基で置換されていてもよいシクロアルケンを示し、
Arは置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基を示し、
式:
nは1〜4の整数を示す。]で表される化合物またはその塩あるいはそのプロドラッグ、または、
式(II):
Xはメチレン基、NH、硫黄原子または酸素原子を示し、
Yは置換基を有していてもよいメチレン基または置換基を有していてもよいNHを示し、
環A’は(1)置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、(2)置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、(3)式:−OR2’(式中、R2’は水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基および(4)ハロゲン原子からなる群より選ばれる1乃至4個の置換基を有していてもよい5ないし8員環を示し、
Ar’は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基を示し、
式:
sは0乃至2の整数を示し、
tは1乃至3の整数を示し、
sとtの和は4以下である;
ただし、Xがメチレン基の場合、Yは置換基を有していてもよいメチレン基を示す。]で表される化合物またはその塩あるいはそのプロドラッグを含有する重症セプシス予防治療剤。Formula (I):
R 0 represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or R and R 0 combine to form a bond,
Ring A 1 is (1) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (2) an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (3) a formula: —OR 11 (formula Wherein R 11 represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.) And 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of (4) halogen atoms Represents a cycloalkene optionally substituted with
Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent,
formula:
n shows the integer of 1-4. Or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof, or
Formula (II):
X represents a methylene group, NH, a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom,
Y represents a methylene group which may have a substituent or NH which may have a substituent,
Ring A ′ is (1) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (2) an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (3) a formula: —OR 2 ′ ( In the formula, R 2 ′ represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.) And (4) 1 to 4 halogen atoms. A 5- to 8-membered ring which may have a substituent,
Ar ′ represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent,
formula:
s represents an integer of 0 to 2,
t represents an integer of 1 to 3,
the sum of s and t is 4 or less;
However, when X is a methylene group, Y represents a methylene group which may have a substituent. Or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof, for preventing or treating severe sepsis.
式(I):
R0は水素原子または脂肪族炭化水素基を示すか、あるいはRとR0とは結合して結合手を形成し、
環A1は(1)置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、(2)置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、(3)式:−OR11(式中、R11は水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基および(4)ハロゲン原子からなる群より選ばれる1〜4個の置換基で置換されていてもよいシクロアルケンを示し、
Arは置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基を示し、
式:
nは1〜4の整数を示す。]で表される化合物またはその塩あるいはそのプロドラッグ、または、
式(II):
Xはメチレン基、NH、硫黄原子または酸素原子を示し、
Yは置換基を有していてもよいメチレン基または置換基を有していてもよいNHを示し、
環A’は(1)置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基、(2)置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基、(3)式:−OR2’(式中、R2’は水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基を示す。)で表される基および(4)ハロゲン原子からなる群より選ばれる1乃至4個の置換基を有していてもよい5ないし8員環を示し、
Ar’は置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素基を示し、
式:
sは0乃至2の整数を示し、
tは1乃至3の整数を示し、
sとtの和は4以下である;
ただし、Xがメチレン基の場合、Yは置換基を有していてもよいメチレン基を示す。]で表される化合物またはその塩あるいはそのプロドラッグである請求項8記載の剤。The non-peptidic compound is
Formula (I):
R 0 represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or R and R 0 combine to form a bond,
Ring A 1 is (1) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (2) an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (3) a formula: —OR 11 (formula Wherein R 11 represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.) And 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of (4) halogen atoms Represents a cycloalkene optionally substituted with
Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent,
formula:
n shows the integer of 1-4. Or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof, or
Formula (II):
X represents a methylene group, NH, a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom,
Y represents a methylene group which may have a substituent or NH which may have a substituent,
Ring A ′ is (1) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (2) an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, (3) a formula: —OR 2 ′ ( In the formula, R 2 ′ represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.) And (4) 1 to 4 halogen atoms. A 5- to 8-membered ring which may have a substituent,
Ar ′ represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent,
formula:
s represents an integer of 0 to 2,
t represents an integer of 1 to 3,
the sum of s and t is 4 or less;
However, when X is a methylene group, Y represents a methylene group which may have a substituent. The agent according to claim 8, which is a compound represented by the formula: or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2007114296A1 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-11 | Hiroshima University | Screening method |
| US7935835B2 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2011-05-03 | Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited | Substituted cycloalkene derivative |
| WO2012039447A1 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2012-03-29 | 第一三共株式会社 | Crystals of substituted cycloalkene derivatives |
| WO2016181894A1 (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2016-11-17 | 武田薬品工業株式会社 | Cyclic compound |
| JP2018516875A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2018-06-28 | 武田薬品工業株式会社 | Cyclic compound |
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2003
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7935835B2 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2011-05-03 | Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited | Substituted cycloalkene derivative |
| USRE43858E1 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2012-12-11 | Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited | Substituted cycloalkene derivative |
| KR101327610B1 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2013-11-12 | 다이이찌 산쿄 가부시키가이샤 | Substituted cycloalkene derivative |
| WO2007114296A1 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-11 | Hiroshima University | Screening method |
| JP4962982B2 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2012-06-27 | 国立大学法人広島大学 | Screening method |
| US8329420B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2012-12-11 | Hiroshima University | Screening method for a substance that binds to an intracellular region of TLR4 |
| WO2012039447A1 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2012-03-29 | 第一三共株式会社 | Crystals of substituted cycloalkene derivatives |
| US8933117B2 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2015-01-13 | Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited | Crystals of substituted cycloalkene derivatives |
| WO2016181894A1 (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2016-11-17 | 武田薬品工業株式会社 | Cyclic compound |
| JP2018516875A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2018-06-28 | 武田薬品工業株式会社 | Cyclic compound |
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