JP2004155729A - Method for producing tetrafluoroaluminate of quaternized cyclic amidinium, electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor - Google Patents
Method for producing tetrafluoroaluminate of quaternized cyclic amidinium, electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2004155729A JP2004155729A JP2002324178A JP2002324178A JP2004155729A JP 2004155729 A JP2004155729 A JP 2004155729A JP 2002324178 A JP2002324178 A JP 2002324178A JP 2002324178 A JP2002324178 A JP 2002324178A JP 2004155729 A JP2004155729 A JP 2004155729A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ethyl
- group
- methyl
- fluoride
- aluminum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- -1 amide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- JCALSDWHCDPSJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(ethylamino)ethyl]-n-methylacetamide Chemical compound CCNCCN(C)C(C)=O JCALSDWHCDPSJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002993 cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- LKYRIBFXIJVFFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-4-(methylamino)pentanamide Chemical compound CNC(C)CCC(=O)NC LKYRIBFXIJVFFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- PCXWYMXJVNPICR-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolidin-1-ium;tetrafluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Al+3].CC[NH+]1CCN(C)C1C PCXWYMXJVNPICR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 21
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JIFXKZJGKSXAGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolidine Chemical compound CCN1CCN(C)C1C JIFXKZJGKSXAGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229940024545 aluminum hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 125000004488 2-methyl-2-methylaminoethyl group Chemical group [H]N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- KYRYHBRYSSBWLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolidine Chemical compound CC1CN(C)C(C)N1C KYRYHBRYSSBWLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N formamide Substances NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004923 naphthylmethyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionamide Chemical compound CCC(N)=O QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940080818 propionamide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXBSWQWDLFJQMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(chloromethyl)-1,2-diethoxybenzene Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=C(CCl)C=C1OCC TXBSWQWDLFJQMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetyloxyaluminum;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.CC(=O)O[Al] HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 229940009827 aluminum acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008430 aromatic amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YOUGRGFIHBUKRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YOUGRGFIHBUKRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940063013 borate ion Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- MOVBJUGHBJJKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-amino-5-methoxybenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N MOVBJUGHBJJKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- GHTYHZNTZWCGKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N morpholin-4-ium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].C1COCC[NH2+]1 GHTYHZNTZWCGKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQRBSCXRHDJZBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibutylbutan-1-amine;hydrofluoride Chemical compound F.CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC ZQRBSCXRHDJZBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IERREVNOGDOEAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(benzylamino)ethyl]-n-methylformamide Chemical compound O=CN(C)CCNCC1=CC=CC=C1 IERREVNOGDOEAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NJKOQHQBHVETMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(ethylamino)ethyl]-n-methylformamide Chemical compound CCNCCN(C)C=O NJKOQHQBHVETMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUNDKLAGHABJDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate;methanol Chemical compound OC.COC(=O)OC GUNDKLAGHABJDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HTDKEJXHILZNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCCCCCC HTDKEJXHILZNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBXVAMSISQBXFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipentylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCCC[NH2+]CCCCC XBXVAMSISQBXFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dmpu Chemical compound CN1CCCN(C)C1=O GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071161 dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JQVXMIPNQMYRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl dimethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OC)OC JQVXMIPNQMYRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWOAODQZXLGDTO-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethyl(trimethyl)azanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CC[N+](C)(C)C WWOAODQZXLGDTO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaronitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCC#N ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IKGLACJFEHSFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;triethylazanium;trifluoride Chemical compound F.F.F.CCN(CC)CC IKGLACJFEHSFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 229940095102 methyl benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XTBFPVLHGVYOQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl phenyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XTBFPVLHGVYOQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLTXXIUSGIULCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dihexylhexan-1-amine;hydrofluoride Chemical compound F.CCCCCCN(CCCCCC)CCCCCC KLTXXIUSGIULCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXYXXQNFKSEXJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylmethanamine;hydron;fluoride Chemical compound F.CN(C)C IXYXXQNFKSEXJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZCCLNYLUGNUKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-nitrosophenyl)hydroxylamine Chemical compound ONC1=CC=C(N=O)C=C1 DZCCLNYLUGNUKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYJXIYVWFJSHQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethyl]-n-methylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C)CCNCCO DYJXIYVWFJSHQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPRBZDJAKSUSBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(2-methoxyethylamino)ethyl]-n-methylacetamide Chemical compound COCCNCCN(C)C(C)=O KPRBZDJAKSUSBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKAIDPYTYZETIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(benzylamino)ethyl]-n-methylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C)CCNCC1=CC=CC=C1 IKAIDPYTYZETIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRESRYLJLGHFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(butylamino)ethyl]-n-methylformamide Chemical compound CCCCNCCN(C)C=O VRESRYLJLGHFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNURUNJVAJDRRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(ethylamino)ethyl]-n-methylpropanamide Chemical compound CCNCCN(C)C(=O)CC KNURUNJVAJDRRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYLKAKBIUDYDMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(ethylamino)ethyl]-n-phenylacetamide Chemical compound CCNCCN(C(C)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MYLKAKBIUDYDMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGNRCYYBTIYJMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(ethylamino)ethyl]-n-propan-2-ylpropanamide Chemical compound CCNCCN(C(C)C)C(=O)CC GGNRCYYBTIYJMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYLPBPDQUKOJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-hydroxy-3-(methylamino)propyl]-n-methylacetamide Chemical compound CNCC(O)CN(C)C(C)=O CYLPBPDQUKOJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVTNIORWAUTTBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-(ethylamino)propyl]-n-methylacetamide Chemical compound CCNCCCN(C)C(C)=O UVTNIORWAUTTBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMBUORMORUHTIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylbutan-1-amine;hydrofluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[NH2+]CCCC ZMBUORMORUHTIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMPYWYPZXVHXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n-[3-(methylamino)butyl]acetamide Chemical compound CCN(C(C)=O)CCC(C)NC QMPYWYPZXVHXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVRYNCZPOFHIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylethanamine;hydrofluoride Chemical compound [F-].CC[NH2+]CC IUVRYNCZPOFHIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KERBAAIBDHEFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylformamide Chemical compound CCNC=O KERBAAIBDHEFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JVGAIGOTVCAQNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexylhexan-1-amine;hydrofluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCCCC[NH2+]CCCCCC JVGAIGOTVCAQNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSMMPIFZLOLPQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-[2-(3-oxobutylamino)ethyl]acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C)CCNCCC(C)=O PSMMPIFZLOLPQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVKUAMRYYGCOLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylmethanamine;hydrofluoride Chemical compound [F-].C[NH2+]C LVKUAMRYYGCOLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003506 n-propoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- GCLZYIAWFUPTLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propylpropan-1-amine;hydrofluoride Chemical compound F.CCCNCCC GCLZYIAWFUPTLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001682 nordstrandite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMQCZKVONBJPKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N octoxy(octyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(O)(=O)CCCCCCCC HMQCZKVONBJPKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- JGTNAGYHADQMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorobutanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F JGTNAGYHADQMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JBQNHQIURDYDFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidin-1-ium;fluoride Chemical compound F.C1CCNCC1 JBQNHQIURDYDFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMUYKILZAMVROR-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetra(propan-2-yl)azanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CC(C)[N+](C(C)C)(C(C)C)C(C)C KMUYKILZAMVROR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QSUJAUYJBJRLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC QSUJAUYJBJRLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YFECTAVBWYHKGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraheptylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCC)(CCCCCCC)CCCCCCC YFECTAVBWYHKGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AAIWQSJMMIXYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrahexylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC AAIWQSJMMIXYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- DMUXGOVRWIDZEU-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapentylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCCC[N+](CCCCC)(CCCCC)CCCCC DMUXGOVRWIDZEU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DINPFZDRPOZLJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraphenylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].C1=CC=CC=C1[N+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DINPFZDRPOZLJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- URRPNRRZDJRUOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(propan-2-yl)azanium;fluoride Chemical compound F.CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(C)C URRPNRRZDJRUOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASVMCHUOIVTKQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethyl(methyl)azanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CC ASVMCHUOIVTKQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BKLZIAYVINRQEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroalumane;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.F[Al](F)F BKLZIAYVINRQEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- GRSOSRPRKCYTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCC[NH+](CCC)CCC GRSOSRPRKCYTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】効率的で、新しい原料を使用した四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩(例えば、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩)を製造する方法の提供。
【解決手段】ジアミンのアミド化合物、フッ素源及びアルミニウム源を反応させて閉環し、環状物を得る。Kind Code: A1 Abstract: A method for producing a quaternized cyclic amidinium tetrafluoroaluminate (eg, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium tetrafluoroaluminate) using an efficient and new raw material. Offer.
An amide compound of a diamine, a fluorine source and an aluminum source are reacted to form a ring, thereby obtaining a cyclic product.
Description
【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は、四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の製造方法、電解コンデンサ用電解液及び電解コンデンサに関する。四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩は、界面活性剤;相関移動触媒;柔軟剤;洗剤等の帯電防止剤;アスファルト、セメント等の分散剤;殺菌剤;防腐剤;肥料や粒状物の抗ブロッキング剤;抗凝集剤等として幅広い分野で使用される有用な化学物質であり、特に電池や電解コンデンサ等の電気化学的素子用電解質として有用である。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の製造法としては、四級化環状アミジニウムの炭酸塩又は炭酸水素塩とアンモニウムテトラフルオロアルミネートを反応させる方法(例えば、特許文献1参照)、四級化環状アミジニウムの水酸化物塩とアンモニウムテトラフルオロアルミネートを反応させる方法(例えば、特許文献2参照)が知られている。
【0003】
さらに四級化環状アミジニウムのポリフルオロメタレート塩の合成法としてはポリフルオロメタレートの水素酸と四級化環状アミジニウムのアルキル炭酸塩(例えば、特許文献3参照)を反応させる方法が知られている。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平11−322760号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平11−322759号公報
【特許文献3】
特公平7−116113号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、アンモニウムテトラフルオロアルミネートを反応させる方法では、アンモニウムテトラフルオロアルミネートの溶解性が低く実質的に反応に適さない。さらに、テトラフルオロアルミネートの水素酸(テトラフルオロアルミン酸)はその存在が示唆されているものの完全に実証されておらず、ましてや工業的に入手することはほとんど不可能である。
【0006】
従って、四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の工業的生産に適した製法の開発が強く望まれていた。
これらの課題を解決するために本発明者等は先に、フッ化水素、有機オニウム及び三フッ化アルミニウムを反応させることを特徴とする四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の製造方法を発明した(特願2002−129141)。
【0007】
本発明は、この先願に係る発明や上述の従来公知の技術とは異なり、全く別の原料を使用した、効率的で新しい四級化環状アミジニウム塩の製造方法を提供しようとするものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明は、下記一般式(I)
【0009】
【化2】
【0010】
(式中、R1は水素原子、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基又は置換基を有していてもよいアラルキル基を表し、R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立して置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基又は置換基を有していてもよいアラルキル基を表す。またQは置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基又は置換基を有していてもよいアラルキレン基を表す。また、R1〜R3及びQから選ばれる任意の2つが互いに結合して、環を形成してもよく、かかる環を形成する場合は構成する環上に一般式(I)に含まれる窒素以外の窒素原子を有していてもよい。)
で表されるジアミンのアミド化合物、フッ素源及びアルミニウム源を反応させることを特徴とする四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の製造方法に存する。
【0011】
更に本発明は、上記製造方法で製造した四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩を用いた電解コンデンサ用電解液及びそれを用いた電解コンデンサに存する。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明につき詳細に説明する。
本発明の製法における原料の一つは 前記(I)式で表されるジアミンのアミド化合物である。
R1〜R3が表すアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、i−プロピル基、n−ブチル基、n−ペンチル基、n−ヘキシル基等の炭素数1〜20の、好ましくは炭素数1〜6のアルキル基が挙げられる。シクロアルキル基としては、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等炭素数3〜20の、好ましくは炭素数3〜6のシクロアルキル基が挙げられる。アリール基としては、フェニル基、トリル基、ナフチル基等の炭素数6〜20の、好ましくは炭素数6〜10のアリール基が挙げられる。アラルキル基としては、ベンジル基、フェネチル基、ナフチルメチル基等の炭素数7〜20の、好ましくは炭素数7〜11のアラルキル基が挙げられる。
【0013】
これらのアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基は置換基を有していてもよく、かかる置換基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、i−プロピル基、n−ブチル基、n−ペンチル基、n−ヘキシル基等の炭素数1〜6のアルキル基;シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等の炭素数3〜6のシクロアルキル基;フェニル基、トリル基、ナフチル基等の炭素数6〜10のアリール基;ベンジル基、フェネチル基、ナフチルメチル基等の炭素数7〜11のアラルキル基;メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n−プロポキシ基、i−プロポキシ基等の炭素数1〜6のアルコキシ基;ヒドロキシル基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、ホルミル基、及びカルボニル基等が挙げられる。
【0014】
上述したR1〜R3が表す置換基の中では、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、n−ペンチル基、n−ヘプチル基、フェニル基、ベンジル基等、R1においてはこれに加えて水素原子が、高い電気伝導率の四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩を製造することができるので好ましい。
Qで表される置換基としては、メチレン基、エチレン基、トリメチレン基、テトラメチレン基、ペンタメチレン基等の炭素数1〜10の、好ましくは炭素数1〜5のアルキレン基;シクロプロピレン基、シクロブチレン基、シクロペンチレン基、シクロへキシレン基等の炭素数3〜10の、好ましくは炭素数3〜6のシクロアルキレン基;フェニレン基、ナフチレン基等の炭素数6〜20の、好ましくは6〜10のアリーレン基;及びベンジレン基、フェネチレン基、ナフチルメチレン基等の炭素数7〜20の、好ましくは炭素数7〜11のアラルキレン基が挙げられる。
【0015】
これらのアルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アリーレン基、アラルキレン基は置換基を有していてもよく、かかる置換基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、i−プロピル基、n−ブチル基、n−ペンチル基、n−ヘキシル基等の炭素数1〜6のアルキル基;シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等の炭素数3〜6のシクロアルキル基;フェニル基、トリル基、ナフチル基等の炭素数6〜10のアリール基;ベンジル基、フェネチル基、ナフチルメチル基等の炭素数7〜11のアラルキル基;ヒドロキシル基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、及びホルミル基等が挙げられる。
【0016】
上述したQが表す置換基の中では、メチレン基、エチレン基、n−プロピレン基、n−ペンチレン基等の直鎖状アルキレン基が、高い電気伝導率を有する四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩を得ることができるので好ましい。これらの中でもエチレン基、n−プロピレン基がより好ましく、エチレン基が特に好ましい。
【0017】
一般式(I)で表される化合物は、R1〜R3及びQの任意の2つが互いに結合して、環を形成していてもよく、この環上には、(I)式に示されている2個の窒素原子以外の窒素原子を有していてもよい。
一般式(l)で表される化合物の具体例としては、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ホルムアミド、N−エチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ホルムアミド、N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−ホルムアミド、N−エチル−N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)ホルムアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−n−プロピルアミノ−エチル)ホルムアミド、N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)−N−n−プロピル−ホルムアミド、N−ブチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ホルムアミド、N−(2−n−ブチルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−ホルムアミド、N−メチル−N−(1−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ホルムアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ホルムアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−フェニルアミノ−エチル)ホルムアミド、N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)−N−フェニル−ホルムアミド、N−ベンジル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ホルムアミド、N−(2−ベンジルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−ホルムアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−プロピル)ホルムアミド、N−エチル−N−(2−エチルアミノ−プロピル)ホルムアミド等のホルムアミド;
N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−エチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−アセトアミド、N−エチル−N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−n−プロピルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)−N−n−プロピル−アセトアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチル−2−n−プロピルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−(1−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)−N−n−プロピル−アセトアミド、N−メチル−N−(1−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−エチル−N−(1−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−フェニルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)−N−フェニル−アセトアミド、N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)−N−フェニル−アセトアミド、N−ベンジル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−(2−ベンジルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−アセトアミド、N−メチル−N−(3−メチルアミノ−プロピル)アセトアミド、N−エチル−N−(3−メチルアミノ−プロピル)アセトアミド、N−(3−エチルアミノ−プロピル)−N−メチル−アセトアミド、N−エチル−N−(3−エチルアミノ−プロピル)アセトアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−フェニレン)アセトアミド、N−エチル−N−(3−メチル−3−メチルアミノ−プロピル)アセトアミド、等のアセトアミド;
N−エチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)プロピオンアミド、N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−プロピオンアミド、 N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)プロピオンアミド、N−メチル−N−(1−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)プロピオンアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)プロピオンアミド、N−エチル−N−(3−エチルアミノ−プロピル)プロピオンアミド、N−メチル−N−(3−メチルアミノ−プロピル)プロピオンアミド、N−エチル−N−(3−メチルアミノ−プロピル)プロピオンアミド、N−(3−エチルアミノ−プロピル)−N−メチル−プロピオンアミド、N−イソプロピル−N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)−プロピオンアミド等のプロピオンアミド;
N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ブチルアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ペンタノアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ヘキサノアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ヘプタノアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)オクタノアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ドデカノアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ヘキサデカノアミド、N−ブチル−N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)−ブチルアミド、N−(2−ブチルアミノ−エチル)−N−イソブチルアミド等の脂肪族アミド;
N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ベンズアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)フェニルアセトアミド等の芳香族アミド;
N−(3−メチルアミノ−プロピル)−テトラメチレンイミン−2−オン、1,6−ジアザ−シクロノナン−2−オン、N−(3−メチルアミノ−プロピル)−ヘキサメチレンイミン−2−オン、N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)−ヘキサメチレンイミン−2−オン、1,8−ジアザ−シクロウンデカン−2−オン等の環状アミド;
等のアミド化合物が挙げられる。
【0018】
さらに別の具体例としては、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)−(2−ヒドロキシプロピオン)アミド、N−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−(2−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)アミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−アセトアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)−(2−エトキシアセト)アミド、N−(2−メトキシエチル)−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−(2−(2−メトキシエチル)アミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−アセトアミド、N−エチル−N−(2−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)−エトキシアセトアミド、N−(2−(n−ブタン−3−オン−イル−アミノ)−エチル)−N−メチル−アセトアミド、N−(2−(プロパン−3−オン−イル−アミノ)−エチル)−N−メチル−アセトアミド、N−(2−ヒドロキシ−3−メチルアミノ−プロピル)−N−メチル−アセトアミド、N−シアノメチル−N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド等の置換基を持ったアミド化合物が挙げられる。
【0019】
これらのうち、総炭素数5〜12であるアミド化合物を用いると、高い電気伝導率の四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩を得ることができるので好ましく、中でも、 N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ホルムアミド、N−エチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ホルムアミド、N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−ホルムアミド、N−エチル−N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)ホルムアミド、N−メチル−N−(1−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ホルムアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ホルムアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−フェニルアミノ−エチル)ホルムアミド、N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)−N−フェニル−ホルムアミド、N−ベンジル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ホルムアミド、N−(2−ベンジルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−ホルムアミド等のホルムアミド;
N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−エチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−アセトアミド、N−メチル−N−(1−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−フェニルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)−N−フェニル−アセトアミド、N−ベンジル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−(2−ベンジルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−アセトアミド等のアセトアミド;
N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)プロピオンアミド、N−メチル−N−(1−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)プロピオンアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)プロピオンアミド等のプロピオンアミド;
N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ブチルアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ペンタノアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ヘキサノアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ヘプタノアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)オクタノアミド等の脂肪族アミド;
N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ベンズアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)ベンジルアミド等の芳香族アミドが好ましい。
【0020】
特に好ましいのは、N−エチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−アセトアミド、N−メチル−N−(1−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド、N−メチル−N−(2−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミドである。
一般式(I)の化合物の分子量は通常、100以上、400以下、好ましくは110以上、220以下である。
【0021】
また、一般式(I)で表されるジアミンのアミド化合物は、これを単独で用いることも、複数を併用することもできる。特に、ジアミン骨格が同一で、R2とR3が入れ替わっている2つのアミド化合物のように、複数のアミド化合物が同一の四級化環状アミジニウムを与える場合には、これらのアミド化合物を任意の割合で用いることができる。
【0022】
本発明の製法における原料の他の一つは、フッ素源である。フッ素源とは、後述するような反応条件下で、アルミニウム源と反応してテトラフルオロアルミン酸アニオンを与える化合物である。フッ素源は、反応条件下でフッ素イオンないしはフッ化物イオンを反応系中で生成するものと考えられる。
フッ素源としては、フッ化水素、有機又は無機のフッ化水素塩、有機又は無機のポリフッ化水素塩、ケイフッ化水素酸等が挙げられる。
【0023】
有機フッ化水素塩としては、例えばアミン又は四級化アミンのフッ化水素塩が挙げられ、具体的には、ジメチルアンモニウムフルオライド、ジエチルアンモニウムフルオライド、ジーn−プロピルアンモニウムフルオライド、ジイソプロピルアンモニウムフルオライド、ジブチルアンモニウムフルオライド、ジペンチルアンモニウムフルオライド、ジヘキシルアンモニウムフルオライド、ジヘプチルアンモニウムフルオライド、ジオクチアンモニウムフルオライド等のジアルキルアンモニウムフルオライド;トリメチルアンモニウムフルオライド、トリエチルアンモニウムフルオライド、トリーn−プロピルアンモニウムフルオライド、トリイソプロピルアンモニウムフルオライド、トリブチルアンモニウムフルオライド、トリペンチルアンモニウムフルオライド、トリヘキシルアンモニウムフルオライド、トリヘプチルアンモニウムフルオライド、トリオクチアンモニウムフルオライド等のトリアルキルアンモニウムフルオライド;テトラメチルアンモニウムフルオライド、エチルトリメチルアンモニウムフルオライド、トリエチルメチルアンモニウムフルオライド、テトラエチルアンモニウムフルオライド、テトラ−n−プロピルアンモニウムフルオライド、テトライソプロピルアンモニウムフルオライド、テトラブチルアンモニウムフルオライド、テトラペンチルアンモニウムフルオライド、テトラヘキシルアンモニウムフルオライド、テトラヘプチルアンモニウムフルオライド、テトラオクチアンモニウムフルオライド等のテトラアルキルアンモニウムフルオライド;トリメチルフェニルアンモニウムフルオライド、テトラフェニルアンモニウムフルオライド、トリメチルベンジルアンモニウムフルオライド等の芳香族置換アンモニウムフルオライド;N,N−ジメチルピロリジニウムフルオライド、N,N−ジエチルピロリジニウムフルオライド等のピロリジニウムフルオライド;N,N−ジメチルピペリジニウムフルオライド、N,N−ジエチルピペリジニウムフルオライド等のピペリジニウムフルオライド;N,N−ジメチルモルホリニウムフルオライド、N,N−ジエチルモルホリニウムフルオライド等のモルホリニウムフルオライド等の脂肪族環状アンモニウムフルオライド;N−メチルピリジニウムフルオライド、N−エチルピリジニウムフルオライド等の含窒素ヘテロ環芳香族化合物フルオライド等を挙げることができる。
【0024】
無機フッ化水素塩としては、例えばフッ化リチウム、フッ化ナトリウム、フッ化カリウム、フッ化ルビジウム、フッ化セシウム、フッ化マグネシウム、フッ化カルシウム等を挙げることができる。
有機ポリフッ化水素塩としては、例えばアミン又は四級化アミンとフッ化水素の錯体(以下、nはHFの配位数である)が挙げられ、具体的には、トリエチルアミン−nHF、ジイソプロピルアミン−nHF、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン−nHF、セチルアミン−nHF、テトラメチルアンモニウムフルオライド−nHF、テトラエチルアンモニウムフルオライド−nHF、テトラブチルアンモニウムフルオライド−nHF、トリメチルベンジルアンモニウムフルオライド−nHF、ピリジン−nHF、メラミン−nHF、2,4,6−トリメチルピリジン−nHF、1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリジノン−nHF、四級アンモニウム基又はピリジン基を持つポリマーのこれらの基に結合したHF等が挙げられる。
【0025】
さらに別の例としては、一般式(I)の化合物のポリフッ化水素塩が挙げられ、例えば、N−エチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド−nHF、N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−アセトアミド−nHF、N−メチル−N−(1−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド−nHF、N−メチル−N−(2−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド−nHF等が挙げられる。
【0026】
さらに別の例としては、四級化環状アミジンのポリフッ化水素塩が挙げられ、例えば1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムフルオライド−nHF、1,2,3,4−テトラメチルイミダゾリニウムフルオライド−nHF等が挙げられる。
無機ポリフッ化水素塩としては、例えば、フッ化ナトリウム−HF、フッ化カリウム−HF、フッ化アンモニウム−HF等が挙げられる。
【0027】
これらのフッ素源の中では、フッ化水素、ケイフッ化水素酸、フッ化アンモニウム、フッ化アンモニウム−HF、トリエチルアミン−nHF、ジイソプロピルアミン−nHF、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン−nHF、セチルアミン−nHF、テトラメチルアンモニウムフルオライド−nHF、テトラエチルアンモニウムフルオライド−nHF、テトラブチルアンモニウムフルオライド−nHF、トリメチルベンジルアンモニウムフルオライド−nHF、ピリジン−nHF、メラミン−nHF、2,4,6−トリメチルピリジン−nHF、四級アンモニウム基又はピリジン基を持つポリマーに結合したHF、1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリジノン−nHF、N−エチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド−nHF、N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−アセトアミド−nHF、N−メチル−N−(1−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド−nHF、N−メチル−N−(2−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド−nHF、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムフルオライド−nHF、1,2,3,4−テトラメチルイミダゾリニウムフルオライド−nHF等、が反応活性が高いので好ましい。これらの中でも特に好ましいのは、フッ化水素、ケイフッ化水素酸、フッ化アンモニウム、フッ化アンモニウム−HF、トリエチルアミン−nHF、ピリジン−nHF、四級アンモニウム基又はピリジン基を持つポリマーに結合したHF、N−エチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド−nHF、N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−アセトアミド−nHF、N−メチル−N−(1−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド−nHF、N−メチル−N−(2−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド−nHF、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムフルオライド−nHF、1,2,3,4−テトラメチルイミダゾリニウムフルオライド−nHFである。
【0028】
本発明の製法における原料のさらに他の一つは、アルミニウム源である。アルミニウム源としては、フッ化アルミニウム、水酸化アルミニウム、酸化アルミニウム、金属アルミニウム、塩化アルミニウム、酢酸アルミニウム、臭化アルミニウム、硝酸アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム、リン酸アルミニウム、硫酸カリウムアルミニウム、ケイ酸アルミニウム、及びアルミナホワイト等が挙げられる。これらの中でもフッ化アルミニウム、水酸化アルミニウム、酸化アルミニウム、金属アルミニウム、及び塩化アルミニウムが好ましい。中でもフッ化アルミニウム及び水酸化アルミニウムが反応活性が高いので、特に好ましい。フッ化アルミニウムとしては水和物が好ましく、特に3水和物が反応活性が高く好ましい。
【0029】
水酸化アルミニウムとしては、例えばゾル状水酸化アルミニウム、乾燥水酸化アルミニウムゲル、結晶性水酸化アルミニウム(ジアスポアー、ベーマイト、疑似ベーマイト、ギブサイト、バイヤライト、ノルドストランダイト等)、水酸化酸化アルミニウム等が使用できる。これらのうちギブサイトが特に好ましい。
酸化アルミニウムとしては、例えばアルミナ、ゾル状アルミナ、溶融アルミナ、活性アルミナ、ローソーダアルミナ、超微粒子酸化アルミニウム等が使用できる。アルミニウム源は、所望によりいくつかを併用することもできる。
【0030】
アルミニウム源とフッ素源との好ましい組合せとしては、フッ化アルミニウムに対してフッ化水素、有機又は無機のフッ化水素塩、有機又は無機のポリフッ化水素塩、及びケイフッ化水素酸から選ばれるイオン性フッ素化合物であり、水酸化アルミニウム、酸化アルミニウム、金属アルミニウム、塩化アルミニウム、酢酸アルミニウム、臭化アルミニウム、硝酸アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム、リン酸アルミニウム、硫酸カリウムアルミニウム、ケイ酸アルミニウムから選ばれるアルミニウム源に対してはフッ化水素、有機又は無機のポリフッ化水素塩、及びケイフッ化水素酸から選ばれるイオン性フッ素化合物である。
【0031】
これらの中で好ましい組み合わせの具体例は、例えば、フッ化アルミニウムに対してのフッ化水素、ケイフッ化水素酸、フッ化アンモニウム、フッ化アンモニウム−HF、トリエチルアミン−nHF、ピリジン−nHF、四級アンモニウム基又はピリジン基を持つポリマーに結合したHF、N−エチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド−nHF、N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−アセトアミド−nHF、N−メチル−N−(1−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド−nHF、N−メチル−N−(2−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド−nHF、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムフルオライド−nHF、及び1,2,3,4−テトラメチルイミダゾリニウムフルオライド−nHFから選ばれるフッ素源であり、水酸化アルミニウムに対してのフッ化水素、ケイフッ化水素酸、フッ化アンモニウム−HF、トリエチルアミン−nHF、ピリジン−nHF、四級アンモニウム基又はピリジン基を持つポリマーに結合したHF、N−エチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド−nHF、N−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−アセトアミド−nHF、N−メチル−N−(1−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド−nHF、N−メチル−N−(2−メチル−2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミド−nHF、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムフルオライド−nHF、及び1,2,3,4−テトラメチルイミダゾリニウムフルオライド−nHFから選ばれるフッ素源である。
【0032】
本発明では、アルミニウム源とフッ素源とからテトラフルオロアルミン酸イオンを生成させるので、両者はこの反応の化学量論量に近い比率で反応に用いるのが好ましい。一般にフッ素源が過剰であれば、ヘキサフルオロアルミン酸イオン等が生成する可能性があり、逆にフッ素源が過少であれば、アルミニウム源に対するテトラフルオロアルミン酸イオンの収率が低下する。そこでアルミニウム源に対するフッ素源の使用量は、アルミニウム源がフッ化アルミニウムである場合は、通常0.1〜4モル倍、好ましくは0.5〜3.5モル倍、特に好ましくは0.8〜1.2モル倍である。フッ化アルミニウム以外のアルミニウム源に対しては、通常、フッ素源及びアルミニウム原子換算で3〜5倍、好ましくは3.5〜4.5倍、特に好ましくは3.8〜4.2倍である。
【0033】
四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩を生成するためには、ジアミンのアミド化合物1分子に対して1つのアルミニウム原子が必要なので、両者は化学量論量に近い比率で用いるのが好ましい。そこで通常は、ジアミンのアミド化合物に対してアルミニウム原子換算のモル比で0.5〜10倍、好ましくは0.8〜2倍、特に好ましくは0.9〜1.2倍となるように用いる。
【0034】
反応溶媒としては、例えば、水;メタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノール、イソプロパノール、n−ブタノール等のアルコール類;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、ジエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン等のケトン類;ジエチルエーテル、エチル−n−プロピルエーテル、エチル−イソプロピルエーテル、ジ−n−プロピルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、n−プロピルイソプロピルエーテル、ジメトキシエタン、メトキシエトキシエタン、ジエトキシエタン、テトラヒドロフラン等のエーテル類;アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル等のニトリル類;ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の炭化水素類;酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、炭酸ジメチル、炭酸ジエチル、炭酸エチルメチル、炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレン等のエステル類等が挙げられる。この中でも好ましいのは、水、メタノール又はエタノールである。これらの溶媒は、単独でも混合して用いても良い。
【0035】
反応方法は、例えばフッ素源とジアミンのアミド化合物を混合し、次いでアルミニウム源を添加する方法;フッ素源とアルミニウム源を混合し、次いでジアミンのアミド化合物を添加する方法;アルミニウム源とジアミンのアミド化合物を混合し、次いでフッ素源を添加する方法;ジアミンのアミド化合物とフッ素源とアルミニウム源を同時又は交互に添加する方法;及びそれらの方法の組み合わせが挙げられる。これらのうち、好ましいのはフッ素源とジアミンのアミド化合物を混合し、次いでアルミニウム源を添加する方法、フッ素源とアルミニウム源を混合し、次いでジアミンのアミド化合物を添加する方法である。反応に使用されるフッ素源、ジアミンのアミド化合物及びアルミニウム源を反応器に供給するには、溶媒に溶解又は分散して行ってもよく、反応器に予め溶媒を仕込んでおいて、これに添加してもよい。
【0036】
反応器は、一般的にはポリテトラフルオロエチレンライニングを施した耐酸性のものを用いるのが好ましいが、反応に用いる原料によってはステンレス製のものを用いることもできる。
反応温度は制限がないが、−20〜150℃、好ましくは0〜120℃で反応させることができる。
反応圧力は制限がないが、通常は常圧で実施される。
反応雰囲気は特に制限なく、空気雰囲気下でもよいが、好ましくは窒素、アルゴンなどの不活性ガス雰囲気下で行われる。
【0037】
本発明により得られる四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩を電解コンデンサに用いる場合には、高純度であることが望まれるため、反応により生成した塩は必要により晶析や溶媒抽出等により所望の純度にまで精製して使用される。
晶析溶媒としては炭素数4以下のアルコールが挙げられる。炭素数4以下のアルコールとは、メタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノール、イソプロパノール、n−ブタノール、イソブタノール、2−ブタノール、t−ブタノール及びこれらの混合物である。これらの溶媒で晶析を行うことにより、不純物含量が小さい四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩が効率よく得られる。
【0038】
本発明により得られる四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩は、界面活性剤、電池やコンデンサ等の電気化学素子用の電解質、相関移動触媒、帯電防止剤などの分野で使用される有用な化合物であり、特に電解コンデンサ等の電気化学的素子用電解質として有用である。
なお、本発明に係る電解液は、上記の方法で得られる四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩を電解質とするものであるが、テトラフルオロアルミン酸イオン以外のアニオン成分を含むことができ、これらの具体的な例としては、例えば含フッ素無機イオン、テトラフルオロホウ酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロリン酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロヒ酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロアンチモン酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロニオブ酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロタンタル酸イオン等の含フッ素無機イオン;フタル酸水素イオン、マレイン酸水素イオン、サリチル酸イオン、安息香酸イオン、アジピン酸イオン等のカルボン酸イオン;ベンゼンスルホン酸イオン、トルエンスルホン酸イオン、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸イオン、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸イオン、パーフルオロブタンスルホン酸等のスルホン酸イオン;ホウ酸イオン、リン酸イオン等の無機オキソ酸イオン;ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドイオン、ビス(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミドイオン、トリス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)メチドイオン、パーフルオロアルキルフルオロボレートイオン、パーフルオロアルキルフルオロホスフェートイオン、ボロジカテコレート、ボロジグリコレート、ボロジサリチレート、ボロテトラキス(トリフルオロアセテート)、ビス(オキサラト)ボレート等の四配位ホウ酸イオン等を挙げることができる。例えば、四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩とフタル酸水素塩、マレイン酸水素塩等を併用する場合、テトラフルオロアルミン酸塩が主体となることが好ましく、塩の総重量に対して、テトラフルオロアルミン酸塩が50重量%以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは60重量%以上、更に好ましくは70重量%以上であり、比率は高い程、好ましい。
【0039】
本発明の電解液においてテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の濃度は、好ましくは5〜40重量%であり、更に好ましくは10〜35重量%である。これは濃度が低すぎる場合に電気伝導率が低いこと、また濃度が高すぎる場合には電解液の粘性の増加、低温での塩が析出等が起こりやすくなる等の理由による。一般に、低濃度になるほど電解コンデンサ用電解液の耐電圧は増加する傾向にあるので、所望のコンデンサの定格電圧によって最適な濃度を決定することができる。ただし、本発明の電解液は、塩を50%以上含有する濃厚溶液であってもよく、常温溶融塩であってもよい。
【0040】
本発明の電解液は、さらに優れた電気伝導率、熱安定性、耐電圧性を有する電解液を得る観点から、溶媒を50重量%以上含有することが好ましい。溶媒としては、炭酸エステル、カルボン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、ニトリル、アミド、スルホン、アルコール及び水からなる群より選択される1種以上が挙げられるが、電解液に使用した場合に、経時的に安定した特性を示す傾向がある、炭酸エステル、カルボン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、ニトリル、アミド、スルホン及びアルコールから選択することが好ましい。溶媒として、水を用いる場合は、他の溶媒と組合せて、溶媒の一部として用いることが好ましい。
【0041】
溶媒の具体的な例としては、例えば鎖状炭酸エステル(例えば、炭酸ジメチル、炭酸エチルメチル、炭酸ジエチル、炭酸ジフェニル、炭酸メチルフェニル等の鎖状炭酸エステル)、環状炭酸エステル(例えば、炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレン、2,3−ジメチル炭酸エチレン、炭酸ブチレン、炭酸ビニレン、2−ビニル炭酸エチレン等の環状炭酸エステル)等の炭酸エステル;脂肪族カルボン酸エステル(例えば、ギ酸メチル、酢酸メチル、プロピオン酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、酢酸ブチル、酢酸アミル等)、芳香族カルボン酸エステル(例えば、安息香酸メチル、安息香酸エチル等の芳香族カルボン酸エステル等)、ラクトン(例えば、γ−ブチロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン等)等のカルボン酸エステル;リン酸トリメチル、リン酸エチルジメチル、リン酸ジエチルメチル、リン酸トリエチル等のリン酸エステル;アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、メトキシプロピオニトリル、グルタロニトリル、アジポニトリル、2−メチルグルタロニトリル等のニトリル;N−メチルホルムアミド、N−エチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチルピロリジノン等のアミド;ジメチルスルホン、エチルメチルスルホン、ジエチルスルホン、スルホラン、3−メチルスルホラン、2,4−ジメチルスルホラン等のスルホン;エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル等のアルコール;エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、1,4−ジオキサン、1,3−ジオキソラン、テトラヒドロフラン、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン、2,6−ジメチルテトラヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロピラン等のエーテル;ジメチルスルホキシド、メチルエチルスルホキシド、ジエチルスルホキシド等のスルホキシド;1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン、1,3−ジメチル−3,4,5,6−テトラヒドロ−2(1H)−ピリミジノン、3−メチル−2−オキサゾリジノン等を挙げることができる。
【0042】
なお、導電性により優れる電解液を得る観点からは、溶媒が25以上の比誘電率(ε、25℃)を有する非水系溶媒であるのが好ましく、また、安全性の観点からは、溶媒が70℃以上の引火点を有する非水系溶媒であるのが好ましい。
熱安定性により優れる電解液を得る観点からは、溶媒は、沸点250℃以上、融点−60〜40℃、及び誘電率(ε、25℃)25以上である溶媒を、溶媒の総重量に対して、25重量%以上含むのが好ましい。中でも好ましいのは、このような溶媒を40重量%以上、特に50重量%以上含むものである。このような溶媒の例としては、スルホンを挙げることができ、特にスルホラン、3−メチルスルホランが好ましい。このような溶媒を電解液に組合せて用いることにより、環境温度110〜150℃での動作を1000時間以上保証する、低インピーダンスで高耐電圧な電解コンデンサが得られる。
【0043】
また、より低インピーダンスの電解コンデンサを得る観点からは、溶媒が、沸点190℃以上、250℃未満、融点−60〜40℃、及び誘電率(ε、25℃)25以上である溶媒を、溶媒の総重量に対して、25重量%以上含むのが好ましい。中でも好ましいのは、このような溶媒を40重量%以上、特に50重量%以上含むものである。このような溶媒の例としては、炭酸エステル、カルボン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、ニトリル、アミド及びアルコールを挙げることができ、特にγ−ブチロラクトン、エチレングリコールが好ましい。このような溶媒を電解液に組合せて用いることにより、極めて低インピーダンスで高電圧な電解コンデンサが得られる。
【0044】
熱安定性の観点から、特に好ましい電解液としては、溶媒がスルホランであり、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩又は1,2,3,4−テトラメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩を、電解液の総重量に対して、5〜40重量%含有する電解コンデンサ用電解液が挙げられる。また低インピーダンスの電解コンデンサを得ることができる観点からは、溶媒がγ−ブチロラクトンであり、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩又は1,2,3,4−テトラメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩を、電解液の総重量に対して、5〜40重量%含有する電解コンデンサ用電解液が挙げられる。また、スルホランとγ−ブチロラクトンを併用した溶媒も好ましい。
【0045】
本発明の電解液には、上記の塩及び溶媒の他にも種々の添加剤を含有させてもよい。電解液に添加物を加える目的は多岐に渡り、電気伝導率の向上、熱安定性の向上、水和や溶解による電極劣化の抑制、ガス発生の抑制、耐電圧の向上、濡れ性の改善等を挙げることができる。添加物の含有量は特に制限はないが、0.1〜20重量%の範囲であることが好ましく、0.5〜10重量%の範囲であることがより好ましい。
【0046】
そのような添加物の例としては、p−ニトロフェノール、m−ニトロアセトフェノン、p−ニトロ安息香酸等のニトロ化合物;リン酸ジブチル、リン酸モノブチル、リン酸ジオクチル、オクチルホスホン酸モノオクチル、リン酸等のリン化合物;ホウ酸と多価アルコール(エチレングリコール、グリセリン、マンニトール、ポリビニルアルコール等)との錯化合物等のホウ素化合物;シリカ、アルミノシリケート等の金属酸化物微粒子;ポリエチレングリコールやポリプロピレングリコール等のポリアルキレングリコール及びその共重合体、シリコーンオイル等の界面活性剤等を挙げることができる。
【0047】
本発明の電解液は、これに高分子化合物を添加することにより固体化して、いわゆるゲル化電解液として使用してもよい。このようなゲル化電解液に使用される高分子の例としては、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリメチルメタクリレート等を挙げることができる。
【0048】
本発明の電解液において、電解液の溶媒に非水系溶媒を用いた場合、水分含量を制御することによって、このような電解液を用いたコンデンサのライフ特性がより安定する。一般に、非水系溶媒を用いた電解コンデンサの電解液中に多量の水分が含まれると、長期間使用している間に、陽極や陰極のアルミニウムが水和劣化を受け、同時にガスが発生することが知られている。一方、水分がまったくないと、陽極酸化皮膜を修復する際の化成性が劣る傾向があることも知られている。
【0049】
しかし、従来の電解液及びコンデンサにおいては、これまで定格電圧35V以下の低い電圧領域で使用されていたことから、3重量%程度の水分が存在しても、コンデンサのライフ特性への影響が小さかった。しかし、本発明の電解液を用いたコンデンサは、定格電圧100Vクラスまでの高い電圧領域で使用可能であり、また高耐熱性の要求も満たすものであるため、これまでとは異なり、水分含量の影響が大きい。本発明の電解液は、非水系溶媒を使用した場合、電解液中の水分濃度が、1重量%以下であることが好ましく、上記の化成性をも考慮すれば、好ましくは0.01〜1重量%であり、特に好ましくは0.01〜0.1重量%である。
【0050】
本発明は、本発明による電解液を使用した電解コンデンサも提供する。電解コンデンサの例としては、アルミニウム電解コンデンサ、タンタル電解コンデンサ、ニオブ電解コンデンサを挙げることができる。
アルミニウム電解コンデンサの場合には、例えば陽極箔と陰極箔とをセパレータを介して巻回して形成した常用の素子を用いる。陽極箔には、常用の純度99.9%のアルミニウム箔を酸性溶液中で化学的あるいは電気化学的なエッチングにより拡面処理した後、アジピン酸アンモニウムやホウ酸、リン酸等の水溶液中で化成処理を行い、その表面に酸化アルミニウム皮膜層を形成したものを用いればよい。陰極箔にも、常用の純度99.9%のアルミニウム箔をエッチングして拡面処理した箔を用いればよい。陰極箔にはエッチングしたアルミニウム箔の表面に窒化チタンの薄膜を形成したもの(例えば特開平9−186054号公報に記載)を用いてもよい。このように構成したコンデンサ素子のセパレータに、本発明による電解液を含浸して、有底筒状のアルミニウムよりなる外装ケースに収納し、外装ケースの開口端部にブチルゴム製の封口体を挿入し、更に外装ケースの端部を絞り加工して電解コンデンサの封口を行うことによりアルミニウム電解コンデンサを得ることができる。封口体の表面をポリテトラフルオロエチレン等の樹脂でコーティングしたり、ベークライト等の板を貼り付けると、溶媒蒸気の透過性が低減するので更に好ましい。
【0051】
セパレータには、通常マニラ紙やクラフト紙等の紙が用いられるが、ガラス繊維、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等の不織布を用いることもできる。封口体に用いるブチルゴムには、イソブチレンとイソプレンとの共重合体からなる生ゴムに補強剤(カーボンブラック等)、増量剤(クレイ、タルク、炭酸カルシウム等)、加工助剤(ステアリン酸、酸化亜鉛等)、加硫剤等を添加して混練した後、圧延、成型したゴム弾性体を用いることができる。加硫剤には、アルキルフェノールホルマリン樹脂;過酸化物(ジクミルペルオキシド、1,1−ジ−(t−ブチルペルオキシ)−3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ−(t−ブチルペルオキシ)ヘキサン等);キノイド(p−キノンジオキシム、p,p′−ジベンゾイルキノンジオキシム等);イオウ等を用いることができる。
【0052】
また本発明の電解コンデンサは、ハーメチックシール構造や樹脂ケースに密閉した構造(例えば特開平8−148384号公報に記載)のものであってもよい。ゴム封止構造のアルミニウム電解コンデンサの場合、ある程度ゴムを通して気体が透過するため、高温環境下においてはコンデンサ内部から大気中へ溶媒が揮発し、また高温高湿環境下においては大気中からコンデンサ内部へ水分が混入する。これらの過酷な環境のもとでコンデンサは静電容量の減少等の好ましくない特性変化を起こす。一方、ハーメチックシール構造や樹脂ケースに密閉した構造のコンデンサにおいては、気体の透過量が極めて小さいため上述の過酷な環境下においても安定した特性を示す。
【0053】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を更に具体的に説明する。以下の実施例に示す材料、使用量、割合、操作等は、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない限り適宜変更することができる。従って、本発明の範囲は以下に示す具体例に限定されるものではない。
【0054】
実施例1
3つ口フラスコにメタノール10.88gを仕込み、室温でN−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−アセトアミドとN−エチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミドの3.1:1.0の混合物(純度95%)を6.10g(ジアミンのアミドとして40mmol)とフッ化アンモニウム1.48g(40mmol)を添加した。反応器内に窒素ガスを吹き込みながら、50℃で5時間攪拌した。反応液を濾過、濃縮して得た液の全量の97.1%(39.2mmol相当)を3つ口フラスコに仕込み、フッ化アルミニウム3水和物5.41g(39.2mmol)を加え、60℃で1時間攪拌した。反応液を濾過し、固形分を濾別後、溶媒を留去し、さらにn−ブタノールを18g加え、120℃で5時間加熱し、低沸点成分を蒸留除去した。そのまま冷却晶析して、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の白色結晶を得た。収量は8.4g、仕込みからのトータル収率は93%であった。
【0055】
(電解液の調製)
この1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩をγ−ブチロラクトンに溶解し、25%濃度の電解液を調製した。電気伝導率は25℃で24.3mS/cmであった。同様にγ−ブチロラクトンに溶解し40%濃度の電解液を調製した。この電解液の25℃における電気伝導率は29.0mS/cmであった。電解液中に含まれる水分量は1,600ppmであった。
【0056】
(アルミニウム電解コンデンサの作製)
この40% 1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩のγ−ブチロラクトン溶液を用いて定格電圧100V、ケースサイズ10φ×20LのCE04型アルミニウム電解コンデンサを作製した。コンデンサ素子には、エッチング処理したアルミニウム箔を陽極酸化することにより表面に酸化アルミニウムからなる誘電体被膜を形成したものを陽極、エッチング処理したアルミニウム箔を陰極、マニラ紙をセパレータとしてこれらを巻回したものを用いた。このコンデンサ素子を125℃で乾燥した後に電解液を真空含浸し、さらにこれを円筒状のアルミニウムケースとブチルゴムからなる封口材と共に加締めを行った。最後に使用条件以上の高温、高圧下でエージング処理して陽極酸化被膜の修復を行い、アルミニウム電解コンデンサを作製した。
このコンデンサは120Hzにおける静電容量が55μF、100kHzにおけるESR(等価直列抵抗)は0.04Ωであった。
【0057】
実施例2
3つ口フラスコに46.9重量%のフッ化水素水溶液1.71g(40mmol)を仕込んだ。これにN−(2−エチルアミノ−エチル)−N−メチル−アセトアミドとN−エチル−N−(2−メチルアミノ−エチル)アセトアミドの3.1:1.0の混合物(純度95%)6.10g(ジアミンのアミドとして40mmol)をメタノール10.88gと混合した溶液を室温で滴下し、さらに室温で1時間攪拌した。この反応液にフッ化アルミニウム3水和物5.52g(40mmol)を加え、60℃で1時間攪拌した。反応液を濾過し、固形分を濾別後、溶媒を留去し、さらにn−ブタノールを18g加え、120℃で5時間加熱し、低沸点成分を蒸留除去した。そのまま冷却晶析して、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の白色結晶を得た。収量は8.4g、仕込みからのトータル収率は92%であった。
【0058】
比較例1
ガラス製丸底フラスコに1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのメチル炭酸塩のメタノール−ジメチルカーボネート溶液(1.77mol/kg)を56.5g(100mmol)とフッ化アンモニウム3.70g(100mmol)を仕込み、50℃で5時間攪拌した。反応液を濾過し、濾液に三フッ化アルミニウム3水和物を13.80(100mmol)を添加し50℃で3時間攪拌したところ反応液がゲル化してしまった。
【0059】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、電池、電解コンデンサ等の電気化学的素子に使用される電解質をはじめとする各種化学品として有用な四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩を収率よく合成することができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a tetrafluoroaluminate of a quaternized cyclic amidinium, an electrolytic solution for an electrolytic capacitor, and an electrolytic capacitor. Tetrafluoroaluminates of quaternized cyclic amidinium include surfactants, phase transfer catalysts, softeners; antistatic agents such as detergents; dispersants such as asphalt and cement; disinfectants; preservatives; Anti-blocking agent; a useful chemical substance used in a wide range of fields as an anti-aggregating agent and the like, and particularly useful as an electrolyte for electrochemical devices such as batteries and electrolytic capacitors.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a method for producing a quaternary cyclic amidinium tetrafluoroaluminate, a method of reacting a carbonate or bicarbonate of a quaternary cyclic amidinium with ammonium tetrafluoroaluminate (for example, see Patent Document 1), a quaternary A method of reacting a hydroxide salt of cyclic amidinium fluoride with ammonium tetrafluoroaluminate is known (for example, see Patent Document 2).
[0003]
Furthermore, as a method for synthesizing a polyfluorometallate salt of a quaternized cyclic amidinium, a method of reacting a hydrogen acid of a polyfluorometallate with an alkyl carbonate of a quaternized cyclic amidinium (for example, see Patent Document 3) is known. I have.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-11-322760
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-11-322759
[Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 7-116113
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the method of reacting ammonium tetrafluoroaluminate, the solubility of ammonium tetrafluoroaluminate is low, and is not suitable for the reaction. Furthermore, the hydrofluoric acid of tetrafluoroaluminate (tetrafluoroaluminic acid) has been suggested but its presence has not been fully demonstrated, and it is almost impossible to obtain it industrially.
[0006]
Therefore, development of a production method suitable for industrial production of tetrafluoroaluminate of quaternized cyclic amidinium has been strongly desired.
In order to solve these problems, the present inventors have previously prepared a method for producing a tetrafluoroaluminate of a quaternized cyclic amidinium, which comprises reacting hydrogen fluoride, an organic onium and aluminum trifluoride. Invented (Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-129141).
[0007]
The present invention is intended to provide an efficient and new method for producing a quaternized cyclic amidinium salt using completely different raw materials, unlike the invention according to the prior application and the above-mentioned conventionally known technique.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention relates to the following general formula (I)
[0009]
Embedded image
[0010]
(Where R 1 May be a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent Represents an aralkyl group; 2 And R 3 Each independently represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent, a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or a group which has a substituent. Represents a good aralkyl group. Q is an alkylene group which may have a substituent, a cycloalkylene group which may have a substituent, an arylene group which may have a substituent or an aralkylene which may have a substituent Represents a group. Also, R 1 ~ R 3 And any two selected from Q and Q may be bonded to each other to form a ring, and when such a ring is formed, a nitrogen atom other than the nitrogen atom contained in the general formula (I) is contained on the constituent ring. May be. )
Wherein the amide compound of a diamine represented by the formula (1), a fluorine source and an aluminum source are reacted with each other.
[0011]
Further, the present invention resides in an electrolytic solution for an electrolytic capacitor using a quaternary cyclic amidinium tetrafluoroaluminate produced by the above-mentioned production method, and an electrolytic capacitor using the same.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
One of the raw materials in the production method of the present invention is an amide compound of a diamine represented by the formula (I).
R 1 ~ R 3 Examples of the alkyl group represented by include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, and the like. 1 to 6 alkyl groups. Examples of the cycloalkyl group include a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group. Examples of the aryl group include an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a phenyl group, a tolyl group, and a naphthyl group. Examples of the aralkyl group include aralkyl groups having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 7 to 11 carbon atoms, such as a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, and a naphthylmethyl group.
[0013]
These alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, and aralkyl group may have a substituent. Examples of such a substituent include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, and an n-butyl group. An alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a group, n-pentyl group or n-hexyl group; a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms such as a cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group or cyclohexyl group; phenyl group, tolyl An aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as a group and a naphthyl group; an aralkyl group having 7 to 11 carbon atoms such as a benzyl group, a phenethyl group and a naphthylmethyl group; a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group and an i-propoxy group An alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, a formyl group, and a carbonyl group. It is below.
[0014]
R described above 1 ~ R 3 Among the substituents represented by R, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-pentyl, n-heptyl, phenyl, benzyl, etc. 1 In addition to the above, a hydrogen atom is preferable because a tetrafluoroaluminate of a quaternized cyclic amidinium having high electric conductivity can be produced.
Examples of the substituent represented by Q include an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, a tetramethylene group, and a pentamethylene group; a cyclopropylene group; C3-C10, preferably C3-C6 cycloalkylene, such as cyclobutylene, cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene; C6-C20, preferably phenylene, naphthylene, etc. 6 to 10 arylene groups; and aralkylene groups having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 7 to 11 carbon atoms, such as benzylene group, phenethylene group, and naphthylmethylene group.
[0015]
These alkylene group, cycloalkylene group, arylene group, and aralkylene group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, and an n-butyl group. An alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a group, n-pentyl group or n-hexyl group; a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms such as a cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group or cyclohexyl group; phenyl group, tolyl An aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as a group or a naphthyl group; an aralkyl group having 7 to 11 carbon atoms such as a benzyl group, a phenethyl group or a naphthylmethyl group; a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, And formyl groups.
[0016]
Among the substituents represented by Q described above, a linear alkylene group such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, an n-propylene group, and an n-pentylene group is a tetrafluoroaluminum of a quaternized cyclic amidinium having high electric conductivity. It is preferable because an acid salt can be obtained. Among these, an ethylene group and an n-propylene group are more preferable, and an ethylene group is particularly preferable.
[0017]
The compound represented by the general formula (I) is represented by R 1 ~ R 3 And any two of Q and Q may be bonded to each other to form a ring, which has a nitrogen atom other than the two nitrogen atoms shown in the formula (I). Is also good.
Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (1) include N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) formamide, N-ethyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) formamide, (2-ethylamino-ethyl) -N-methyl-formamide, N-ethyl-N- (2-ethylamino-ethyl) formamide, N-methyl-N- (2-n-propylamino-ethyl) formamide, N -(2-methylamino-ethyl) -NN-propyl-formamide, N-butyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) formamide, N- (2-n-butylamino-ethyl) -N-methyl -Formamide, N-methyl-N- (1-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) formamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) forma , N-methyl-N- (2-phenylamino-ethyl) formamide, N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) -N-phenyl-formamide, N-benzyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) formamide , N- (2-benzylamino-ethyl) -N-methyl-formamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-propyl) formamide, N-ethyl-N- (2-ethylamino-propyl) formamide and the like Formamide;
N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N-ethyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N- (2-ethylamino-ethyl) -N-methyl-acetamide, N -Ethyl-N- (2-ethylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N-methyl-N- (2-n-propylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) -NN-propyl- Acetamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methyl-2-n-propylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N- (1-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) -Nn-propyl-acetamide, N-methyl -N- (1-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N-ethyl -N- (1-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N-methyl-N- (2-phenylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) -N-phenyl-acetamide, N- (2-ethylamino-ethyl) -N-phenyl-acetamide, N-benzyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N- (2-benzylamino-ethyl) -N-methyl-acetamide, N-methyl-N- (3-methylamino-propyl) acetamide, N-ethyl-N- (3-methylamino-propyl) acetamide, N- (3-ethylamino-propyl) -N-methyl-acetamide, N -Ethyl-N- (3-ethylamino-propyl) acetamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-phenylene) acetoa De, N- ethyl-N-(3- methyl-3-methylamino-propyl) - acetamide, acetamide and the like;
N-ethyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) propionamide, N- (2-ethylamino-ethyl) -N-methyl-propionamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) propion Amide, N-methyl-N- (1-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) propionamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) propionamide, N-ethyl-N- (3-ethylamino-propyl) propionamide, N-methyl-N- (3-methylamino-propyl) propionamide, N-ethyl-N- (3-methylamino-propyl) propionamide, N- (3- Such as ethylamino-propyl) -N-methyl-propionamide and N-isopropyl-N- (2-ethylamino-ethyl) -propionamide. Propionamide;
N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) butylamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) pentanoamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) hexanoamide, N- Methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) heptanoamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) octanoamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) dodecanoamide, N-methyl- Fats such as N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) hexadecanoamide, N-butyl-N- (2-ethylamino-ethyl) -butylamide, N- (2-butylamino-ethyl) -N-isobutylamide Group amide;
Aromatic amides such as N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) benzamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) phenylacetamide;
N- (3-methylamino-propyl) -tetramethyleneimine-2-one, 1,6-diaza-cyclononan-2-one, N- (3-methylamino-propyl) -hexamethyleneimine-2-one, Cyclic amides such as N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) -hexamethyleneimine-2-one, 1,8-diaza-cycloundecane-2-one;
And the like.
[0018]
Further specific examples include N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl)-(2-hydroxypropion) amide, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) Acetamide, N- (2- (2-hydroxyethyl) amino-ethyl) -N-methyl-acetamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl)-(2-ethoxyaceto) amide, N- ( 2-methoxyethyl) -N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N- (2- (2-methoxyethyl) amino-ethyl) -N-methyl-acetamide, N-ethyl-N- (2-methyl -2-methylamino-ethyl) -ethoxyacetamide, N- (2- (n-butan-3-one-yl-amino) -ethyl) -N-methyl-acetamide, N- (2- ( Lopan-3-one-yl-amino) -ethyl) -N-methyl-acetamide, N- (2-hydroxy-3-methylamino-propyl) -N-methyl-acetamide, N-cyanomethyl-N- (2- Amide compounds having a substituent such as ethylamino-ethyl) acetamide are exemplified.
[0019]
Of these, the use of an amide compound having a total carbon number of 5 to 12 is preferable because a tetrafluoroaluminate of a quaternized cyclic amidinium having high electric conductivity can be obtained, and among them, N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) formamide, N-ethyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) formamide, N- (2-ethylamino-ethyl) -N-methyl-formamide, N-ethyl-N- ( 2-ethylamino-ethyl) formamide, N-methyl-N- (1-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) formamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) formamide, N -Methyl-N- (2-phenylamino-ethyl) formamide, N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) -N-phenyl-formamide, N- Formamides such as benzyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) formamide, N- (2-benzylamino-ethyl) -N-methyl-formamide;
N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N-ethyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N- (2-ethylamino-ethyl) -N-methyl-acetamide, N -Methyl-N- (1-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N-methyl-N- (2-phenylamino) -Ethyl) acetamide, N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) -N-phenyl-acetamide, N-benzyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N- (2-benzylamino-ethyl) -N Acetamide such as -methyl-acetamide;
N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) propionamide, N-methyl-N- (1-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) propionamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methyl-2 Propionamide such as -methylamino-ethyl) propionamide;
N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) butylamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) pentanoamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) hexanoamide, N- Aliphatic amides such as methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) heptanoamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) octanoamide;
Aromatic amides such as N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) benzamide and N-methyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) benzylamide are preferred.
[0020]
Particularly preferred are N-ethyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N- (2-ethylamino-ethyl) -N-methyl-acetamide, N-methyl-N- (1-methyl-2). -Methylamino-ethyl) acetamide, N-methyl-N- (2-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide.
The molecular weight of the compound of the general formula (I) is usually 100 or more and 400 or less, preferably 110 or more and 220 or less.
[0021]
The diamide amide compound represented by the general formula (I) can be used alone or in combination. In particular, when the diamine skeleton is the same and R 2 And R 3 When a plurality of amide compounds give the same quaternized cyclic amidinium, as in the case of two amide compounds in which are replaced, these amide compounds can be used in any ratio.
[0022]
Another one of the raw materials in the production method of the present invention is a fluorine source. A fluorine source is a compound that reacts with an aluminum source under the reaction conditions described below to give a tetrafluoroaluminate anion. It is considered that the fluorine source generates fluorine ions or fluoride ions in the reaction system under the reaction conditions.
Examples of the fluorine source include hydrogen fluoride, an organic or inorganic hydrogen fluoride salt, an organic or inorganic polyhydrofluoride salt, and hydrofluoric acid.
[0023]
Examples of the organic hydrogen fluoride salt include a hydrogen fluoride salt of an amine or a quaternized amine. Specific examples include dimethylammonium fluoride, diethylammonium fluoride, di-n-propylammonium fluoride, and diisopropylammonium fluoride. Dialkylammonium fluorides such as tributylammonium fluoride, dibutylammonium fluoride, dipentylammonium fluoride, dihexylammonium fluoride, diheptylammonium fluoride, dioctammonium fluoride; trimethylammonium fluoride, triethylammonium fluoride, tri-n-propylammonium Fluoride, triisopropylammonium fluoride, tributylammonium fluoride, tripentylan Trialkylammonium fluorides such as ammonium fluoride, trihexylammonium fluoride, triheptylammonium fluoride, trioctammonium fluoride; tetramethylammonium fluoride, ethyltrimethylammonium fluoride, triethylmethylammonium fluoride, tetraethylammonium fluoride Ride, tetra-n-propylammonium fluoride, tetraisopropylammonium fluoride, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, tetrapentylammonium fluoride, tetrahexylammonium fluoride, tetraheptylammonium fluoride, tetraalkyl such as tetraoctammonium fluoride Ammonium fluoride; tri Aromatic-substituted ammonium fluoride such as tylphenylammonium fluoride, tetraphenylammonium fluoride and trimethylbenzylammonium fluoride; pyrrole such as N, N-dimethylpyrrolidinium fluoride and N, N-diethylpyrrolidinium fluoride Dinium fluoride; piperidinium fluoride such as N, N-dimethylpiperidinium fluoride, N, N-diethylpiperidinium fluoride; N, N-dimethylmorpholinium fluoride, N, N-diethyl Aliphatic cyclic ammonium fluoride such as morpholinium fluoride such as morpholinium fluoride; nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatic compound fluoride such as N-methylpyridinium fluoride and N-ethylpyridinium fluoride Can be mentioned.
[0024]
Examples of the inorganic hydrogen fluoride salt include lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, rubidium fluoride, cesium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride and the like.
Examples of the organic polyhydrofluoride include an amine or a complex of a quaternized amine and hydrogen fluoride (hereinafter, n is a coordination number of HF). Specifically, triethylamine-nHF, diisopropylamine- nHF, diisopropylethylamine-nHF, cetylamine-nHF, tetramethylammonium fluoride-nHF, tetraethylammonium fluoride-nHF, tetrabutylammonium fluoride-nHF, trimethylbenzylammonium fluoride-nHF, pyridine-nHF, melamine-nHF, Examples include 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine-nHF, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone-nHF, and HF bonded to these groups of a polymer having a quaternary ammonium group or a pyridine group.
[0025]
Still another example includes polyhydrofluoride of the compound of the general formula (I), for example, N-ethyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamido-nHF, N- (2-ethylamino -Ethyl) -N-methyl-acetamido-nHF, N-methyl-N- (1-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamido-nHF, N-methyl-N- (2-methyl-2-methylamino- Ethyl) acetamide-nHF and the like.
[0026]
Still other examples include polyhydrofluoride salts of quaternized cyclic amidines, such as 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium fluoride-nHF, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazo. Linium fluoride-nHF and the like.
Examples of the inorganic polyhydrofluoride include sodium fluoride-HF, potassium fluoride-HF, and ammonium fluoride-HF.
[0027]
Among these fluorine sources, hydrogen fluoride, hydrofluorosilicic acid, ammonium fluoride, ammonium fluoride-HF, triethylamine-nHF, diisopropylamine-nHF, diisopropylethylamine-nHF, cetylamine-nHF, and tetramethylammonium fluoride -NHF, tetraethylammonium fluoride-nHF, tetrabutylammonium fluoride-nHF, trimethylbenzylammonium fluoride-nHF, pyridine-nHF, melamine-nHF, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine-nHF, quaternary ammonium group or HF, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone-nHF, N-ethyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide-nHF, N- (2-ethyl) bonded to a polymer having a pyridine group Amino-ethyl) -N-methyl-acetamido-nHF, N-methyl-N- (1-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamido-nHF, N-methyl-N- (2-methyl-2-methylamino -Ethyl) acetamide-nHF, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium fluoride-nHF, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolinium fluoride-nHF and the like are preferable because of high reaction activity. . Particularly preferred among these are hydrogen fluoride, hydrofluoric acid, ammonium fluoride, ammonium fluoride-HF, triethylamine-nHF, pyridine-nHF, HF bonded to a polymer having a quaternary ammonium group or a pyridine group, N-ethyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide-nHF, N- (2-ethylamino-ethyl) -N-methyl-acetamido-nHF, N-methyl-N- (1-methyl-2- Methylamino-ethyl) acetamido-nHF, N-methyl-N- (2-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamido-nHF, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium fluoride-nHF, 1, 2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolinium fluoride-nHF.
[0028]
Still another one of the raw materials in the process of the present invention is an aluminum source. Aluminum sources include aluminum fluoride, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, metal aluminum, aluminum chloride, aluminum acetate, aluminum bromide, aluminum nitrate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, potassium aluminum sulfate, aluminum silicate, and alumina white. And the like. Among these, aluminum fluoride, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, metallic aluminum, and aluminum chloride are preferred. Among them, aluminum fluoride and aluminum hydroxide are particularly preferred because of their high reaction activity. Hydrates are preferred as aluminum fluoride, and trihydrate is particularly preferred because of its high reaction activity.
[0029]
As the aluminum hydroxide, for example, sol aluminum hydroxide, dried aluminum hydroxide gel, crystalline aluminum hydroxide (diaspore, boehmite, pseudo-boehmite, gibbsite, bayerite, nordstrandite, etc.), aluminum hydroxide oxide and the like are used. it can. Of these, gibbsite is particularly preferred.
As the aluminum oxide, for example, alumina, sol alumina, fused alumina, activated alumina, low soda alumina, ultrafine aluminum oxide and the like can be used. Some aluminum sources can be used in combination, if desired.
[0030]
Preferred combinations of the aluminum source and the fluorine source include, for aluminum fluoride, hydrogen fluoride, an organic or inorganic hydrogen fluoride, an organic or inorganic polyhydrofluoride, and an ionic material selected from hydrosilicofluoric acid. An aluminum source selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, metal aluminum, aluminum chloride, aluminum acetate, aluminum bromide, aluminum nitrate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, potassium aluminum sulfate, and aluminum silicate. Is an ionic fluorine compound selected from hydrogen fluoride, an organic or inorganic polyhydrofluoride, and hydrosilicofluoric acid.
[0031]
Specific examples of preferred combinations among these are, for example, hydrogen fluoride, aluminum hydrofluoric acid, ammonium fluoride, ammonium fluoride-HF, triethylamine-nHF, pyridine-nHF, and quaternary ammonium with respect to aluminum fluoride. , N-ethyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamido-nHF, N- (2-ethylamino-ethyl) -N-methyl-acetamido-nHF, N bound to a polymer having a pyridine group or a pyridine group -Methyl-N- (1-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamido-nHF, N-methyl-N- (2-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamido-nHF, 1-ethyl-2,3 -Dimethylimidazolinium fluoride-nHF and 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolinium fluoride It is a fluorine source selected from olide-nHF and has hydrogen fluoride, hydrosilicofluoric acid, ammonium fluoride-HF, triethylamine-nHF, pyridine-nHF, a quaternary ammonium group or a pyridine group for aluminum hydroxide. HF, N-ethyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamido-nHF, N- (2-ethylamino-ethyl) -N-methyl-acetamido-nHF, N-methyl-N- ( 1-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamido-nHF, N-methyl-N- (2-methyl-2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamido-nHF, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium fluoro Ride-nHF and 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolinium fluoride-nHF It is a fluorine source.
[0032]
In the present invention, since tetrafluoroaluminate ions are generated from the aluminum source and the fluorine source, both are preferably used in the reaction at a ratio close to the stoichiometric amount of this reaction. In general, if the fluorine source is excessive, hexafluoroaluminate ions and the like may be generated. Conversely, if the fluorine source is insufficient, the yield of tetrafluoroaluminate ions with respect to the aluminum source decreases. Therefore, the amount of the fluorine source to be used relative to the aluminum source is usually 0.1 to 4 times, preferably 0.5 to 3.5 times, and particularly preferably 0.8 to 4 times when the aluminum source is aluminum fluoride. 1.2 mole times. For aluminum sources other than aluminum fluoride, it is usually 3 to 5 times, preferably 3.5 to 4.5 times, particularly preferably 3.8 to 4.2 times in terms of fluorine source and aluminum atoms. .
[0033]
Since one aluminum atom is required for one molecule of the amide compound of the diamine to generate the tetrafluoroaluminate of the quaternized cyclic amidinium, it is preferable to use both in a ratio close to the stoichiometric amount. Therefore, it is usually used in a molar ratio of 0.5 to 10 times, preferably 0.8 to 2 times, particularly preferably 0.9 to 1.2 times as much as the molar ratio of an aluminum atom to the amide compound of the diamine. .
[0034]
Examples of the reaction solvent include water; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol and n-butanol; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; diethyl ether and ethyl-n-propyl Ethers such as ether, ethyl-isopropyl ether, di-n-propyl ether, diisopropyl ether, n-propylisopropyl ether, dimethoxyethane, methoxyethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, and tetrahydrofuran; nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; Hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene; ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate Diethyl carbonate, methyl carbonate, ethyl, ethylene carbonate, esters such as propylene carbonate and the like. Among them, water, methanol or ethanol is preferred. These solvents may be used alone or as a mixture.
[0035]
The reaction method is, for example, a method of mixing a fluorine source and an amide compound of a diamine and then adding an aluminum source; a method of mixing a fluorine source and an aluminum source and then adding an amide compound of a diamine; an amide compound of an aluminum source and a diamine And then adding a fluorine source; a method of simultaneously or alternately adding a diamine amide compound, a fluorine source and an aluminum source; and a combination of these methods. Among them, a method of mixing a fluorine source and a diamine amide compound and then adding an aluminum source, and a method of mixing a fluorine source and an aluminum source and then adding a diamine amide compound are preferable. In order to supply the fluorine source, the amide compound of diamine and the aluminum source used in the reaction to the reactor, they may be dissolved or dispersed in a solvent, or the solvent may be charged in the reactor in advance and added to the reactor. May be.
[0036]
In general, it is preferable to use an acid-resistant reactor coated with polytetrafluoroethylene, but a stainless steel reactor may be used depending on a raw material used for the reaction.
The reaction temperature is not limited, but the reaction can be carried out at -20 to 150C, preferably at 0 to 120C.
Although the reaction pressure is not limited, it is usually carried out at normal pressure.
The reaction atmosphere is not particularly limited and may be an air atmosphere, but is preferably performed under an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon.
[0037]
When the quaternary cyclic amidinium tetrafluoroaluminate obtained by the present invention is used for an electrolytic capacitor, it is desired that the purity is high, so that the salt generated by the reaction may be subjected to crystallization or solvent extraction if necessary. It is used after being purified to a desired purity.
Examples of the crystallization solvent include alcohols having 4 or less carbon atoms. The alcohol having 4 or less carbon atoms is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, 2-butanol, t-butanol and a mixture thereof. By performing crystallization with these solvents, a tetrafluoroaluminate of a quaternized cyclic amidinium having a small impurity content can be efficiently obtained.
[0038]
The quaternized cyclic amidinium tetrafluoroaluminate obtained by the present invention is useful in the fields of surfactants, electrolytes for electrochemical devices such as batteries and capacitors, phase transfer catalysts, antistatic agents and the like. It is a compound and is particularly useful as an electrolyte for electrochemical devices such as electrolytic capacitors.
The electrolytic solution according to the present invention uses a tetrafluoroaluminate of a quaternized cyclic amidinium obtained by the above method as an electrolyte, and may contain an anionic component other than a tetrafluoroaluminate ion. Specific examples thereof include, for example, a fluorine-containing inorganic ion, a tetrafluoroborate ion, a hexafluorophosphate ion, a hexafluoroarsenate ion, a hexafluoroantimonate ion, a hexafluoroniobate ion, and a hexafluorotantalic acid ion. Fluorine-containing inorganic ions such as ions; hydrogen phthalate, hydrogen maleate, salicylate, benzoate, adipate, and other carboxylate; benzenesulfonate, toluenesulfonate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate, Trifluoromethanes Sulfonate ions such as borate ion and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid; inorganic oxoacid ions such as borate ion and phosphate ion; bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ion, bis (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imide ion, tris (trifluoromethane) Tetracoordination such as sulfonyl) methide ion, perfluoroalkylfluoroborate ion, perfluoroalkylfluorophosphate ion, borodicatecholate, borodiglycolate, borodisalicylate, borotetrakis (trifluoroacetate), and bis (oxalato) borate Borate ions and the like. For example, when a tetrafluoroaluminate and a hydrogen phthalate of a quaternized cyclic amidinium are used in combination, it is preferable that the tetrafluoroaluminate is mainly used, and based on the total weight of the salt, The content of the tetrafluoroaluminate is preferably at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 60% by weight, even more preferably at least 70% by weight, and the higher the ratio, the better.
[0039]
In the electrolyte of the present invention, the concentration of the tetrafluoroaluminate is preferably 5 to 40% by weight, more preferably 10 to 35% by weight. This is because when the concentration is too low, the electric conductivity is low, and when the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the electrolytic solution increases, and the salt tends to precipitate at low temperatures. In general, as the concentration decreases, the withstand voltage of the electrolytic solution for the electrolytic capacitor tends to increase. Therefore, the optimum concentration can be determined according to the rated voltage of the desired capacitor. However, the electrolytic solution of the present invention may be a concentrated solution containing 50% or more of a salt, or may be a room temperature molten salt.
[0040]
The electrolytic solution of the present invention preferably contains a solvent in an amount of 50% by weight or more from the viewpoint of obtaining an electrolytic solution having more excellent electric conductivity, thermal stability, and withstand voltage. Examples of the solvent include one or more selected from the group consisting of carbonate, carboxylate, phosphate, nitrile, amide, sulfone, alcohol, and water. It is preferred to select from carbonates, carboxylate esters, phosphate esters, nitriles, amides, sulfones and alcohols which tend to exhibit stable properties. When water is used as the solvent, it is preferable to use it as a part of the solvent in combination with another solvent.
[0041]
Specific examples of the solvent include, for example, chain carbonates (eg, chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, diphenyl carbonate, and methylphenyl carbonate), and cyclic carbonates (eg, ethylene carbonate, Carbonic esters such as propylene carbonate, 2,3-dimethyl ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, and cyclic carbonates such as 2-vinyl ethylene carbonate; aliphatic carboxylic acid esters (eg, methyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate) , Ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, amyl acetate, etc.), aromatic carboxylic acid esters (eg, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, etc.), lactones (eg, γ-butyrolactone, γ- Carboxylic acid esters such as valerolactone and δ-valerolactone) Phosphoric acid esters such as trimethyl phosphate, ethyldimethyl phosphate, diethylmethyl phosphate and triethyl phosphate; nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, methoxypropionitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile and 2-methylglutaronitrile Amides such as N-methylformamide, N-ethylformamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidinone; dimethylsulfone, ethylmethylsulfone, diethylsulfone, sulfolane, 3-methylsulfolane; Sulfones such as 2,4-dimethylsulfolane; alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; ethylene glycol dimethyl Ethers such as ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolan, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 2,6-dimethyltetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran; dimethylsulfoxide, methylethylsulfoxide, diethylsulfoxide and the like Sulfoxide; 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2 (1H) -pyrimidinone, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, and the like. .
[0042]
In addition, from the viewpoint of obtaining an electrolytic solution having better conductivity, the solvent is preferably a non-aqueous solvent having a relative dielectric constant (ε, 25 ° C.) of 25 or more, and from the viewpoint of safety, the solvent is preferably a non-aqueous solvent. It is preferably a non-aqueous solvent having a flash point of 70 ° C. or higher.
From the viewpoint of obtaining an electrolytic solution having better thermal stability, the solvent is a solvent having a boiling point of 250 ° C. or higher, a melting point of −60 to 40 ° C., and a dielectric constant (ε, 25 ° C.) of 25 or higher, based on the total weight of the solvent. Therefore, it is preferable to contain 25% by weight or more. Among them, those containing 40% by weight or more, particularly 50% by weight or more of such a solvent are preferable. Examples of such a solvent include sulfone, and sulfolane and 3-methylsulfolane are particularly preferable. By using such a solvent in combination with an electrolytic solution, an electrolytic capacitor having a low impedance and a high withstand voltage that ensures operation at an environmental temperature of 110 to 150 ° C. for 1000 hours or more can be obtained.
[0043]
In addition, from the viewpoint of obtaining an electrolytic capacitor having a lower impedance, a solvent having a boiling point of 190 ° C. or higher and lower than 250 ° C., a melting point of −60 to 40 ° C., and a dielectric constant (ε, 25 ° C.) of 25 or higher is used as a solvent. Is preferably 25% by weight or more based on the total weight of Among them, those containing 40% by weight or more, particularly 50% by weight or more of such a solvent are preferable. Examples of such a solvent include a carbonate, a carboxylate, a phosphate, a nitrile, an amide and an alcohol, and γ-butyrolactone and ethylene glycol are particularly preferable. By using such a solvent in combination with the electrolytic solution, an electrolytic capacitor having a very low impedance and a high voltage can be obtained.
[0044]
From the viewpoint of thermal stability, a particularly preferred electrolytic solution is one in which the solvent is sulfolane and tetrafluoroaluminate of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium or 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazo. Examples of the electrolytic solution for an electrolytic capacitor include 5 to 40% by weight of a tetrafluoroaluminate of rhinium based on the total weight of the electrolytic solution. From the viewpoint of obtaining an electrolytic capacitor having a low impedance, the solvent is γ-butyrolactone, and tetrafluoroaluminate of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium or 1,2,3,4- An electrolytic solution for an electrolytic capacitor containing 5 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the electrolytic solution, of a tetrafluoroaluminate of tetramethylimidazolinium is exemplified. Further, a solvent using a combination of sulfolane and γ-butyrolactone is also preferable.
[0045]
The electrolytic solution of the present invention may contain various additives in addition to the above salts and solvents. The purpose of adding additives to the electrolyte solution is wide-ranging, such as improvement of electrical conductivity, improvement of thermal stability, suppression of electrode deterioration due to hydration or dissolution, suppression of gas generation, improvement of withstand voltage, improvement of wettability, etc. Can be mentioned. The content of the additive is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 20% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10% by weight.
[0046]
Examples of such additives include nitro compounds such as p-nitrophenol, m-nitroacetophenone and p-nitrobenzoic acid; dibutyl phosphate, monobutyl phosphate, dioctyl phosphate, monooctyl octylphosphonate, phosphoric acid Phosphorus compounds such as boron compounds; boron compounds such as complex compounds of boric acid and polyhydric alcohols (ethylene glycol, glycerin, mannitol, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.); metal oxide fine particles such as silica and aluminosilicate; polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol Examples thereof include polyalkylene glycols and copolymers thereof, and surfactants such as silicone oil.
[0047]
The electrolytic solution of the present invention may be solidified by adding a polymer compound thereto, and used as a so-called gelled electrolytic solution. Examples of the polymer used for such a gelling electrolyte include polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, and the like.
[0048]
In the electrolytic solution of the present invention, when a non-aqueous solvent is used as the solvent of the electrolytic solution, the life characteristics of a capacitor using such an electrolytic solution are more stabilized by controlling the water content. In general, if a large amount of water is contained in the electrolytic solution of an electrolytic capacitor using a non-aqueous solvent, the aluminum of the anode and the cathode will undergo hydration degradation during long-term use, and gas will be generated at the same time. It has been known. On the other hand, it is also known that when there is no moisture, the chemical conversion property when the anodic oxide film is repaired tends to be poor.
[0049]
However, conventional electrolytes and capacitors have been used in a low voltage range of a rated voltage of 35 V or less, so that even if about 3% by weight of moisture is present, the effect on the life characteristics of the capacitor is small. Was. However, the capacitor using the electrolytic solution of the present invention can be used in a high voltage range up to the rated voltage of 100 V class and also satisfies the requirement of high heat resistance. A large impact. When a non-aqueous solvent is used in the electrolytic solution of the present invention, the water concentration in the electrolytic solution is preferably 1% by weight or less, and preferably 0.01 to 1 in consideration of the above-described chemical conversion. %, Particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.1% by weight.
[0050]
The present invention also provides an electrolytic capacitor using the electrolytic solution according to the present invention. Examples of the electrolytic capacitor include an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, a tantalum electrolytic capacitor, and a niobium electrolytic capacitor.
In the case of an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, for example, a common element formed by winding an anode foil and a cathode foil via a separator is used. For the anode foil, a common aluminum foil having a purity of 99.9% is subjected to surface enlargement treatment by chemical or electrochemical etching in an acidic solution, and then formed in an aqueous solution of ammonium adipate, boric acid, phosphoric acid or the like. What performed the process and what formed the aluminum oxide film layer on the surface should just be used. As the cathode foil, a foil obtained by etching a commonly used aluminum foil having a purity of 99.9% and expanding the surface may be used. As the cathode foil, a foil obtained by forming a thin film of titanium nitride on the surface of an etched aluminum foil (for example, described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-186054) may be used. The separator of the capacitor element thus configured is impregnated with the electrolytic solution according to the present invention, housed in a bottomed cylindrical outer case made of aluminum, and a sealing member made of butyl rubber is inserted into an opening end of the outer case. Further, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor can be obtained by drawing the end of the outer case and sealing the electrolytic capacitor. It is more preferable to coat the surface of the sealing body with a resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene or to attach a plate such as bakelite because the permeability of the solvent vapor is reduced.
[0051]
Usually, paper such as manila paper or kraft paper is used for the separator, but nonwoven fabric such as glass fiber, polypropylene, and polyethylene can also be used. The butyl rubber used for the sealing body includes raw rubber composed of a copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene, a reinforcing agent (such as carbon black), a bulking agent (such as clay, talc, and calcium carbonate), and a processing aid (such as stearic acid and zinc oxide). ), After adding a vulcanizing agent and kneading, a rolled and molded rubber elastic body can be used. Vulcanizing agents include alkylphenol formalin resins; peroxides (dicumyl peroxide, 1,1-di- (t-butylperoxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5- Di- (t-butylperoxy) hexane and the like); quinoids (p-quinone dioxime, p, p'-dibenzoylquinone dioxime and the like); sulfur and the like can be used.
[0052]
Further, the electrolytic capacitor of the present invention may have a hermetic seal structure or a structure hermetically sealed in a resin case (for example, described in JP-A-8-148384). In the case of a rubber-sealed aluminum electrolytic capacitor, the gas permeates through the rubber to some extent, so that the solvent evaporates from the inside of the capacitor to the atmosphere in a high-temperature environment, and from the air to the inside of the capacitor in a high-temperature, high-humidity environment. Moisture is mixed. Under these harsh environments, capacitors undergo undesirable changes in characteristics such as a decrease in capacitance. On the other hand, a capacitor having a hermetic seal structure or a structure hermetically sealed in a resin case shows a stable characteristic even under the above-mentioned harsh environment because the gas permeation amount is extremely small.
[0053]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. Materials, amounts, ratios, operations, and the like shown in the following examples can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific examples described below.
[0054]
Example 1
A three-necked flask is charged with 10.88 g of methanol, and at room temperature, 3.1 of N- (2-ethylamino-ethyl) -N-methyl-acetamide and N-ethyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide. 6.10 g (40 mmol as amide of diamine) and 1.48 g (40 mmol) of ammonium fluoride were added. The mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 5 hours while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor. The reaction solution was filtered and concentrated, and 97.1% (corresponding to 39.2 mmol) of the total amount of the obtained solution was charged into a three-necked flask, and 5.41 g (39.2 mmol) of aluminum fluoride trihydrate was added. Stirred at 60 ° C. for 1 hour. The reaction solution was filtered, the solid content was separated by filtration, the solvent was distilled off, 18 g of n-butanol was further added, and the mixture was heated at 120 ° C. for 5 hours to remove the low-boiling components by distillation. The crystals were cooled and crystallized as they were to give white crystals of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium tetrafluoroaluminate. The yield was 8.4 g, and the total yield from the preparation was 93%.
[0055]
(Preparation of electrolyte solution)
The tetrafluoroaluminate of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium was dissolved in γ-butyrolactone to prepare a 25% concentration electrolytic solution. The electrical conductivity at 25 ° C. was 24.3 mS / cm. Similarly, it was dissolved in γ-butyrolactone to prepare a 40% concentration electrolytic solution. The electric conductivity of this electrolyte at 25 ° C. was 29.0 mS / cm. The amount of water contained in the electrolytic solution was 1,600 ppm.
[0056]
(Production of aluminum electrolytic capacitor)
Using this 40% 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium tetrafluoroaluminate γ-butyrolactone solution, a CE04 type aluminum electrolytic capacitor having a rated voltage of 100 V and a case size of 10 × 20 L was produced. The capacitor element was formed by anodic oxidation of an etched aluminum foil to form a dielectric film made of aluminum oxide on the surface thereof, and the resulting aluminum foil was wound as an anode, the etched aluminum foil as a cathode, and manila paper as a separator. Was used. After drying the capacitor element at 125 ° C., the electrolytic solution was vacuum impregnated with the electrolytic solution, and this was crimped together with a cylindrical aluminum case and a sealing material made of butyl rubber. Finally, the anodic oxide film was repaired by aging at a high temperature and a high pressure higher than the use conditions, thereby producing an aluminum electrolytic capacitor.
This capacitor had a capacitance of 55 μF at 120 Hz and an ESR (equivalent series resistance) of 0.04Ω at 100 kHz.
[0057]
Example 2
A three-necked flask was charged with 1.71 g (40 mmol) of a 46.9% by weight aqueous hydrogen fluoride solution. A mixture of N- (2-ethylamino-ethyl) -N-methyl-acetamide and N-ethyl-N- (2-methylamino-ethyl) acetamide at a ratio of 3.1: 1.0 (purity: 95%) 6 A solution obtained by mixing 0.10 g (40 mmol as an amide of diamine) with 10.88 g of methanol was added dropwise at room temperature, and the mixture was further stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. 5.52 g (40 mmol) of aluminum fluoride trihydrate was added to the reaction solution, and the mixture was stirred at 60 ° C. for 1 hour. The reaction solution was filtered, the solid content was separated by filtration, the solvent was distilled off, 18 g of n-butanol was further added, and the mixture was heated at 120 ° C. for 5 hours to remove the low-boiling components by distillation. The crystals were cooled and crystallized as they were to give white crystals of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium tetrafluoroaluminate. The yield was 8.4 g, and the total yield from the preparation was 92%.
[0058]
Comparative Example 1
In a glass round bottom flask, 56.5 g (100 mmol) of a methanol-dimethyl carbonate solution (1.77 mol / kg) of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium methyl carbonate and 3.70 g of ammonium fluoride ( 100 mmol) and stirred at 50 ° C. for 5 hours. The reaction solution was filtered, and 13.80 (100 mmol) of aluminum trifluoride trihydrate was added to the filtrate, followed by stirring at 50 ° C. for 3 hours. The reaction solution gelled.
[0059]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to synthesize a quaternized cyclic amidinium tetrafluoroaluminate useful as various chemicals including an electrolyte used in electrochemical devices such as batteries and electrolytic capacitors with a high yield. it can.
Claims (6)
で表されるジアミンのアミド化合物、フッ素源及びアルミニウム源を反応させることを特徴とする四級化環状アミジニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の製造方法。The following general formula (I)
A method for producing a tetrafluoroaluminate of a quaternized cyclic amidinium, comprising reacting an amide compound of a diamine represented by the formula (1), a fluorine source and an aluminum source.
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| JP2006327956A (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2006-12-07 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | Method for producing quaternary cyclic amidinium salt |
| JP2014162775A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-09-08 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | Method for producing quaternary cyclic amidine phosphoric acid ester salt |
| CN105190809A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2015-12-23 | 三洋化成工业株式会社 | Aluminum electrolytic capacitor-use electrolytic solution and aluminum electrolytic capacitor using same |
| JP2017224834A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2017-12-21 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | Electrolytic solution for aluminum electrolytic capacitor and aluminum electrolytic capacitor using the same |
| JP2018533156A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2018-11-08 | カリフォルニア インスティチュート オブ テクノロジー | Non-aqueous fluoride salts, solutions, and their use |
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| JP2006327956A (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2006-12-07 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | Method for producing quaternary cyclic amidinium salt |
| JP2017224834A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2017-12-21 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | Electrolytic solution for aluminum electrolytic capacitor and aluminum electrolytic capacitor using the same |
| JP2014162775A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-09-08 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | Method for producing quaternary cyclic amidine phosphoric acid ester salt |
| EP2975620A4 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2016-12-07 | Sanyo Chemical Ind Ltd | ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTION FOR USE IN AN ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR AND ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR USING THE SAME |
| US9793059B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2017-10-17 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Electrolytic solution for aluminum electrolytic capacitor and aluminum electrolytic capacitor using the same |
| CN105190809B (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2017-12-12 | 三洋化成工业株式会社 | Electrolyte for aluminum electrolytic capacitor and use its aluminium electrolutic capacitor |
| CN105190809A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2015-12-23 | 三洋化成工业株式会社 | Aluminum electrolytic capacitor-use electrolytic solution and aluminum electrolytic capacitor using same |
| JP2018533156A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2018-11-08 | カリフォルニア インスティチュート オブ テクノロジー | Non-aqueous fluoride salts, solutions, and their use |
| US11069921B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2021-07-20 | California Institute Of Technology | Non-aqueous fluoride salts, solutions, and their uses |
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