JP2005196925A - Recording medium, recording / reproducing method, and recording / reproducing system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To appropriately prevent illegal copying by reliably preventing use of data illegally copied from an original on a recording medium such as an optical disk.
When mounted on a recording / reproducing apparatus, a host device connected to the recording / reproducing apparatus performs a write operation on a specific area for original determination, and the specific area for original determination Has a disc structure that cannot be physically reproduced after a write operation, and has a data structure that is not closed by a multi-session method having a plurality of sessions each consisting of a program area sandwiched between a lead-in area and a lead-out area. The additionally recordable area has a disc structure that can be physically recorded and reproduced.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a recording / reproducing method and a recording / reproducing system capable of preventing unauthorized use of (original) recording media such as CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs and illegally copied products.

As recording media for recording information, optical discs such as CD-ROM and DVD-ROM are widely used. These optical discs are read-only optical discs that are produced in large quantities at a factory and provided to users as original recording media. Such a read-only optical disk transfers a pit row formed on a master by a master exposure apparatus to a stamper (referred to as “mastering”), transfers the stamper to a molding substrate as a mold, and a reflective film on the molding substrate. By providing a protective film, etc., it has a data structure in which digital data is recorded together with time information (header address: physical address) as pits, and data is reproduced based on the time information recorded in the pits. Yes.
On the other hand, in recent years, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD + R, DVD + RW discs and the like are widely used as optical discs that can be recorded as well as reproduced. In these recordable optical discs, a groove on which time information is recorded is formed on the entire surface, and a recording film (CD-R, DVD + R, a dye, etc., CD-RW, etc.) is formed on the formed substrate on which the groove is formed. A phase change film (DVD + RW), a reflection film, a protective film, and the like are formed, and a header address (time) is written by writing a mark with a CD-R / RW or DVD + R / RW writer so as to match the recorded time information. Information) and data.
With the widespread use of such media, recordable CD-R / RW writers or CD-R / RW and DVD ± R / RW writers are standard on PCs (host machines) instead of playback-only CD-ROM players. Has become widely used. As related techniques, documents shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are known.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-302092 JP 09-274774 A

Here, the information recorded on the reproduction-only optical disk = original disk as described above is digital information and does not deteriorate even when copied, and a recordable CD-R / RW writer or CD-R / RW, With the widespread use of DVD ± R / RW writers, there is a problem that information such as data and application programs recorded on an original recording medium such as a read-only optical disk is illegally copied and used.
Regarding prevention of such unauthorized copying, for example, according to Patent Document 1, it is determined whether a medium mounted on a drive is read-only or rewritable. When the medium is determined to be a rewritable medium, the reproduction is disabled, and the difference in cartridge shape used for the medium or the difference in reflectance from the medium is used as a medium identification method.
In this case, it cannot be applied to a medium that does not use a cartridge, and regarding the difference in reflectance from the medium, attention is paid to the original CD and the copy CD-RW. The reflectivity is substantially the same between the media, and it cannot be applied in the case of a copy CD-R, and is insufficient as a countermeasure against unauthorized copying.
According to Patent Document 2, it is determined whether an ID file can be rewritten or not, whether it is an original or a copy (rewritable medium). However, when applied to a copied recordable medium (medium that can be recorded only once, such as a CD-R), the ID is already recorded (copied), so the rewrite operation does not end normally and the original As a countermeasure against unauthorized copying.
An object of the present invention is to reliably prevent unauthorized copying by reliably preventing use of data illegally copied from an original on a recording medium such as an optical disk.

In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, when mounted on a recording / reproducing apparatus, a host device connected to the recording / reproducing apparatus performs a write operation on a specific area for original determination. If, after this writing operation, a non-reproducible state is detected, it is determined that the recording medium is an original recording medium, and the reproduction data area can be reproduced. On the other hand, after the writing operation to the specific area, reproduction is possible. If the recording medium is recorded on the recording medium on which the original / copy determination corresponding processing application program for executing the processing of determining that the data medium for reproduction and disabling reproduction of the reproduction data area is recorded, The specific area has a disk structure that cannot be physically reproduced after a write operation, and has a lead-in area and a lead-out area. Recorded in a recordable data structure that is not closed in a multi-session method having a plurality of sessions composed of program areas sandwiched between media, and the recordable area has a disk structure that can be physically recorded and reproduced. The recording medium is the most important feature.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the recording medium according to the first aspect, wherein the original / copy determination corresponding processing application program is recorded in the first session, and the specific area for the original determination is the second session. Main features.
In the invention described in claim 3, in the first session, a recording layer and a reflective layer are sequentially provided on a prepit formed by mastering on a transparent resin substrate and modulated and wobbled in accordance with information in the radial direction. The recording region and the reflective layer are sequentially provided on the pregroove formed on the transparent resin substrate by mastering and modulated and wobbled in accordance with information in the radial direction. 3. The recording medium according to claim 2, wherein the groove shape of the specific area is set so as to have a recording signal quality that cannot be reproduced after recording.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, when the original recording medium or the copy medium according to any one of the first to third aspects is mounted on the recording / reproducing apparatus, the original / copy determination recorded on the medium is performed. In accordance with a corresponding processing application program, the host device connected to the recording / reproducing apparatus determines whether or not a specific area in the medium is in an unrecorded state. An execution step of executing a write operation, a detection step of detecting whether or not normal reproduction is possible by reading the specific region after the write operation and when the specific region is not in an unrecorded state, and normal If it is detected that reproduction is not possible, the medium is determined to be an original recording medium, and a reproduction permission process for enabling reproduction of the reproduction data area; Playback if a there were possible and most important feature recording and reproducing method and a reproduction inhibition process to disable the reproduction of the reproduction data area and determines that copy media the media.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a recording / reproducing system in which a recording / reproducing apparatus and a host device are connected, wherein the host device has the original recording medium or the copy medium according to any one of the first to third aspects as the recording medium. A recording / reproducing system that executes the original / copy determination corresponding processing application program recorded on these media when mounted on a reproducing apparatus is the main feature.

The recording medium of the present invention executes an original / copy determination corresponding processing application program recorded on a recording medium in a host device connected to the recording / reproducing apparatus for the recording medium mounted on the recording / reproducing apparatus, and performs the original determination. The disc structure in the case of copying is determined by writing and playing back a specific area for recording and determining the authenticity in determining the disc structure that cannot be physically played even if the data structure can be additionally written. In contrast, illegal copy data use can be prevented.
The recording / reproducing method of the present invention performs normal reproduction in accordance with the original / copy determination corresponding processing application program recorded on the medium by the host machine after a specific area write operation and when the specific area is not unrecorded. When the normal reproduction is detected by detecting whether or not normal reproduction is possible, the medium is determined as an original recording medium, and reproduction is possible. When normal reproduction is possible, the medium is regarded as a copy medium. By making the determination and prohibiting the reproduction of the reproduction data area, it is possible to take an appropriate measure against unauthorized copying by detecting a normal medium in an abnormal reproduction.
In the recording / reproducing system of the present invention, a recording / reproducing apparatus and a host device are connected, and the host device uses the data illegally copied from the original only by executing the application program for the original / copy determination corresponding processing. Can be reliably prevented, and appropriate measures can be taken against unauthorized copying.

The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, a configuration example of an optical disc apparatus (drive) that is a recording / reproducing apparatus used in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
In this embodiment, as an optical disk (recording medium) 1, in addition to a read-only optical disk such as a CD-ROM, a recordable CD-R (CD-Recordable) that can be written only once and conforms to a CD format can be used. An example of application to an optical disc apparatus (recording / reproducing apparatus) targeting a rewritable optical disc of recordable CD-RW (CD-ReWritable) conforming to the above-mentioned optical disc and CD format will be shown.
The schematic configuration and operation of the optical disc apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. First, with CD-based discs, the dye material or phase change material on the disc substrate is irradiated with laser light modulated with data to form pits or marks, and these are irradiated with laser light to change the reflected light. Read data. This data string is arranged in a spiral on the disk substrate like a record. This spirally arranged line is called a track, and the distance between adjacent tracks is 1.6 μm.
Such an optical disk 1 is rotationally driven by a spindle motor 2 as driving means. The spindle motor 2 is controlled by the motor driver 3 and the servo means 4 so that the linear velocity is constant (CLV) or the rotation speed is constant (CAV). The linear velocity can be changed in stages. The optical pickup 5 includes a semiconductor laser, an optical system, a focusing actuator, a tracking actuator, a light receiver, a position sensor, and the like, which will be described later, and irradiates the recording surface of the optical disc 1 with laser light.

The optical pickup 5 can be moved in the sledge direction (disk radial direction) by a seek motor (not shown). These focusing actuators, tracking actuators, and seek motors are controlled by the motor driver 3 and the servo means 4 so as to position the laser spot at a target location on the optical disk 1 based on signals obtained from the light receiver and the position sensor.
At the time of data reproduction, a reproduction signal obtained by the optical pickup 5 is amplified by a read amplifier 6 and subjected to equalizer processing or binarization (digitization) processing, and then input to a CD decoder 7 for EFM demodulation. That is, the EFM signal is data obtained by modulating 8-bit data into 14-bit data so that it can be easily reproduced or recorded optically. The EFM demodulated data is subjected to deinterleaving (reordering processing) and error correction processing. Do. Further, the data after the deinterleaving and error correction processing is input to the CD-ROM decoder 8 to perform error correction processing for improving data reliability.
Thereafter, the data processed by the CD-ROM decoder 8 is temporarily stored in the buffer RAM 10 by the buffer manager 9 and transferred to the host side at once by the interface 11 such as ATAPI or SCSI when it is prepared as sector data. In the case of music data, the data output from the CD decoder 7 is input to the D / A converter 12 to extract an analog audio signal.
On the other hand, when data is recorded, when data transferred from the host via the interface 11 such as ATAPI or SCSI is received, the data is temporarily stored in the buffer RAM 10 by the buffer manager 9. Recording starts when a certain amount of data accumulates in the buffer RAM 10, but before that, the laser spot is positioned at the writing start point.
The writing start point is obtained by an ATIP (Absolute Time In Pre-groove) signal which is a wobble signal preliminarily carved on the optical disc 1 by meandering tracks (pregrooves). The ATIP signal is time information indicating an absolute address on the optical disc. The ATIP decoder 13 extracts the ATIP signal information, detects an ATIP error, and measures the ATIP signal detection error rate.
The synchronization signal generated by the ATIP decoder 13 is input to the CD encoder 14 so that data can be written at an accurate position. The data in the buffer RAM 10 is subjected to error correction code addition and interleaving (rearrangement) by the CD-ROM encoder 15 and the CD encoder 14, and then EFM-modulated. The data is transferred to the optical disk 1 through the laser control circuit 16 and the optical pickup 5. To be recorded. Such an optical disk apparatus includes a microcomputer including a CPU 17, a ROM 18, and a RAM 19 for controlling the operation of each unit described above.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a host machine connected to the optical disk apparatus. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the optical disk device 21 is connected to a host device 22 such as a PC to constitute a recording / reproducing system 23, and the recording / reproducing system 23 is utilized under the control of the host device 22. .
The host device 22 in the recording / reproducing system 23 includes a main control device 31, an interface 32, a recording device (HDD) 33, an input device 34, a display device 35, and the like.
The main control device 31 is configured to include a microcomputer, a main memory (both not shown) and the like, and controls the entire host device 22. The interface 32 is a bidirectional communication interface with the optical disc apparatus 21 and conforms to standard interfaces such as ATAPI and SCSI.
The interface 32 is connected to the interface 11 of the optical disc device 21. The connection form between the interfaces 11 and 32 may be not only a cable connection using a communication line such as a communication cable (for example, a SCSI cable) but also a wireless connection using infrared rays.
The recording device 33 stores a program described in a code readable by the microcomputer of the main control device 31. When the drive power supply of the information processing apparatus (host machine 22) is turned on, the program is loaded into the main memory of the main controller 31.

The input device 34 includes at least one input medium (not shown) such as a keyboard, a mouse, and a pointing device, for example, and notifies the main control device 31 of various information input by the user. Note that information from the input medium may be input in a wireless manner.
The display device 35 includes a display unit (not shown) such as a CRT, a liquid crystal display (LCD), and a plasma display panel (PDP), and displays various types of information from the main control device 24. Further, as an example in which the input device 34 and the display device 35 are integrated, there is a CRT with a touch panel, for example.
The host machine 22 is equipped with an operating system (hereinafter referred to as “OS”). All devices constituting the host machine 22 are managed by the OS.
A configuration example of the original recording medium 1o usable in such a recording / reproducing system 23 will be described. First, an example of the data structure of the original recording medium 1o of this embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, for example, data necessary for the CD-R / RW multi-session method defined by the Orange Book standard is recorded.
That is, the multi-session method is a method in which a unit consisting of a program area sandwiched between a lead-in area and a lead-out area is one session, and a plurality of such sessions are provided in the disk radial direction.

In the present embodiment, at the mastering stage, for example, an authenticity determination application program (original / copy determination corresponding processing application program), which will be described later as an example of operation control, is recorded in the first session, and an original determination is performed in the second session. The specific area is arranged with a disc structure that cannot be recorded, and original reproduction data intended for the original recording medium 1o is recorded after the third session. Further, a recordable area is arranged with a disc structure that can be recorded outside the session in which the mastered reproduction data is recorded.
The application program may be recorded on the first track of the first session, and the reproduction data may be recorded on the second track. The specific area for original determination may be the last session after the playback session at the time of mastering, but the address at the time of accessing the specific area by the application program is not dependent on the playback data capacity and is fixed. To the second session is preferred.
The original recording medium after mastering has a data structure in which the disc is not closed. Specifically, the subcode Q frame in the lead-in area of each session is recorded as POINT = B0 indicating multi-session.
In addition, the “Start time of next possible program in the Recordable Area” recorded in the lead-in area of the last session is recorded with the start time of the program area of the appendable session in the recordable area. This value is set to a value smaller than “Maximum start time of outer most lead-out area (recording start time when Lead Out is recorded on the outermost side)”.
In addition, the session in the specific area for original determination is in an unrecorded state, that is, in a groove state, not a pre-pit, except for file information in the lead-in area, lead-out area, and head portion of the program area.
An example of the physical structure of the original recording medium 1o having such a data structure will be described. The original recording medium 1o of the present embodiment is an application program, a ROM area structure dedicated to reproduction in which reproduction data is recorded, a recordable area structure that can be additionally written, and a specific area for original determination. It is manufactured from an area structure in which the recording operation is possible but the recording quality is poor and cannot be reproduced.

First, authentication application programs and data for reproduction are formed on the substrate by prepits by mastering in the first and third sessions, respectively. Further, the outside of the third session is a recordable area, and a pre-groove by mastering is formed. In the second session, which is a specific area for original determination, a pre-groove is formed on the substrate in the same manner as the recordable area, but is set to be shallower or deeper than the groove depth of the recordable area.
The depth of the second session in the specific area for the original judgment is related to the servo at the same time that the recording signal quality is poor when the recording layer and the reflection layer are provided on the groove to form a disc, and the reproduction becomes impossible. The values are set so that the groove reflectance, push-pull, and radial contrast signals are within the Orange Book standard. Specifically, in the case of CD-R, they are 1300-1400A and 1750-1850A.
All these prepits and pregrooves have a wobbling modulated to include ATIP information. In the case of CD-R, organic dyes such as cyanine, phthalocyanine, and azo are provided by spinner coating on the transparent resin substrate on which these wobbling prepits and pregrooves are formed, on which gold, silver, etc. The reflective layer is provided by sputtering.
In the case of CD-RW, a lower dielectric layer made of inorganic oxide, a phase change material as a recording layer, an upper dielectric layer made of inorganic oxide, and a reflective layer made of aluminum, silver, etc. are sequentially provided on the substrate by sputtering. It is done. Further, a protective film is provided on the reflective layer.
When such an original recording medium 1o is illegally copied using a CD-R or CD-RW, on the copy medium 1c, an authentication application program, mastered reproduction data, and additional reproduction data are added. Will be copied.
In such a configuration, when the original recording medium 1o or the copy medium 1c is mounted on the optical disk device 21, the authentication application program recorded in the first session is started as shown in FIG. 3 (S1). The main controller 24 of the host machine 22 is caused to execute an optical disk authenticity determination process (original or copy determination process) by an authenticity determination application program (S2), and a process corresponding to the authenticity determination result is executed (S3).

Here, an example of an optical disk authenticity determination process by the authenticity determination application program will be described with reference to a schematic flowchart shown in FIG. First, in S11, a specific area for original determination of the second session is accessed. In S12, whether or not the specific area is in an unrecorded state is confirmed based on the presence or absence of an RF signal. If it is in an unrecorded state, the specific area is written with appropriate data in S13.
In S14, the specific area is read. In S15, it is determined whether or not a reproduction error occurs. Since the original recording medium has a physical disk configuration that results in a recording signal quality in which the specific area cannot be reproduced, a reproduction error occurs, and the process returns to the main routine to allow reproduction of reproduction data. The
In the case of a copy medium, since the specific area is normally recorded, a reproduction error does not occur, a message indicating that reproduction cannot be performed is issued in S16, a confirmation button is pressed in S17, and the process returns to the main routine. Is done. In S12, if the specific area is not recorded but is recorded, the process goes to S14 and reading is performed. By checking the unrecorded state in S12, overwriting in the specific area for original determination of the copy medium is prevented, and the original area of the original medium and the copy medium are equally unreproducible after the writing operation. It prevents that.
In order for the authenticity determination application program to issue a command that can detect whether or not a specific area for original determination is in an unrecorded state, the optical disk device 21 must have a function for checking the unrecorded state. Specifically, firmware is required to confirm the presence or absence of an RF signal and inform the host device 22 of the status.

On the surface of the substrate, a first session in which the authentication application program is a program area includes a pit having a depth of 3030A, a width of 0.6 μm, a track pitch of 1.6 μm, up to the TOC and lead-out (up to a radius of about 26 mm), A groove between pits having a depth of 1550A for connecting pits and a width of 0.4 μm was provided.
As a second session, which is a specific area for original determination, an area having a guide groove having a depth of 1780A, a width of 0.7 μm, and a track pitch of 1.6 μm is provided outside, and a reproduction data program area is provided outside the second session. As the third session, a substrate provided with a groove having a depth of 1550A and a width of 0.7 μm was prepared. Each pit, groove between pits, and groove has a wobbling structure having ATIP information.
A light absorption layer mainly composed of phthalocyanine dye was provided on this substrate by spin coating using a mixed solvent of ethylcyclohexane as a coating solution. After application of the light absorption layer, heat treatment was performed at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then Ag was formed to a thickness of about 1400 A by a sputtering method to form a reflective layer. An ultraviolet curable resin was applied thereon by a spinner and cured with ultraviolet rays to provide a protective layer of about 5 μm to obtain a CD-R optical recording medium.
When the recording / reproducing apparatus having the 780A pickup was used to reproduce the medium in the second area for the original determination and the third session in the recordable area, the specific area had a reflectivity of 61%, push-pull: 0. 179, radial contrast: 0.170. Further, the additionally recordable area was reflectivity: 69%, push-pull: 0.165, and radial contrast: 0.140. The radial contrast in each region satisfied the Orange Book (reflectance, push-pull not specified, radial contrast> 0.05).
Next, when the specific area for the original determination was recorded at the optimum recording power at 32 × speed and reproduced, the jitter was 50 ns, an uncorrectable error occurred, and normal reproduction could not be performed. When the additional recording area was recorded in the same manner, the jitter was 27 ns, which was a good signal quality. When the medium was mounted on an optical disk drive having firmware capable of detecting an unrecorded state, and a series of authentication determination processes were performed, a result according to the flow of FIG. 4 was obtained.

On the surface of the substrate, a first session in which the authentication application program is a program area includes a pit having a depth of 3030A, a width of 0.6 μm, a track pitch of 1.6 μm, and a TOC and a lead-out (up to a radius of about 26 mm) A groove between pits having a depth of 1550A for connecting pits and a width of 0.4 μm was provided.
As a second session, which is a specific area for original determination, an area having a guide groove having a depth of 1390A, a width of 0.7 μm, and a track pitch of 1.6 μm is provided on the outside, and a reproduction data program area is provided outside the second session. As the third session, a substrate provided with a groove having a depth of 1550A and a width of 0.7 μm was prepared. Each pit, a groove between pits, and a groove have a wobbling structure having ATIP information. Each layer was provided on this substrate in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a CD-R optical recording medium.
When the recording area of the medium was reproduced by the recording / reproducing apparatus having a pickup of 780A, the specific area of the second session for original determination and the third session of the writable area were reproduced. 126, radial contrast: 0.08. Further, the additionally recordable area was reflectivity: 69%, push-pull: 0.162, and radial contrast: 0.142. The radial contrast in each region satisfied the Orange Book (reflectance, push-pull not specified, radial contrast> 0.05).
Next, when the specific area for the original determination was recorded at the optimum recording power at 32 × speed and reproduced, the jitter was 52 ns and an uncorrectable error occurred and normal reproduction could not be performed. When the additional recording area was recorded in the same manner, the jitter was 26 ns, which was a good signal quality. When the medium was mounted on an optical disk drive having firmware capable of detecting an unrecorded state, and a series of authentication determination processing was performed, the result according to the flow of FIG.

1 is a configuration diagram of an optical disc apparatus (drive) that is a recording / reproducing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The block diagram of the host machine connected with an optical disk apparatus. The flowchart which shows operation | movement of this invention. The flowchart which shows operation | movement of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Optical disc (recording medium)
21 Optical disc device (recording / reproducing device)
22 Host machine 23 Recording / playback system

Claims (5)

When it is mounted on a recording / reproducing apparatus, a host device connected to the recording / reproducing apparatus performs a writing operation on a specific area for original determination, and after this writing operation, a non-reproducible state is detected. Is determined to be an original recording medium, and the reproduction data area can be reproduced. On the other hand, if reproduction is possible after the writing operation to the specific area, the reproduction data area is determined to be a copy medium. In a recording medium on which an application program for processing corresponding to original / copy determination for executing processing for prohibiting reproduction of an area is recorded,
The specific area for original determination has a disc structure that cannot be physically reproduced after a write operation, and has a multi-session method having a plurality of sessions each consisting of a program area sandwiched between a lead-in area and a lead-out area. The recording medium is recorded with a recordable data structure that is not closed, and the recordable area has a disk structure that can be physically recorded and reproduced.   2. The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein an application program for processing corresponding to original / copy determination is recorded in a first session, and the specific area for original determination is a second session.   In the first session, a recording layer and a reflection layer are sequentially provided on a prepit formed by mastering on a transparent resin substrate, modulated in accordance with information in the radial direction, and wobbled. The possible region is that the recording layer and the reflective layer are sequentially provided on a pre-groove formed on the transparent resin substrate by mastering and modulated in the radial direction based on information, and the groove shape of the specific region is 3. The recording medium according to claim 2, wherein the recording medium is set so as to have a recording signal quality that cannot be reproduced after recording.   When the original recording medium or the copy medium according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is mounted on the recording / reproducing apparatus, the original / copy determination corresponding processing application program recorded on the medium is used. A determination step of determining whether or not a specific area in the medium is in an unrecorded state by the host device connected to the recording / reproducing apparatus, and an execution step of executing a write operation on the specific area in the unrecorded state After the writing operation and when the specific area is not in an unrecorded state, a detection step of reading the specific area and detecting whether normal reproduction is possible, and when detecting normal reproduction is not A reproduction permission process that makes it possible to reproduce the reproduction data area by determining that the medium is an original recording medium, and when normal reproduction is possible Reproducing method characterized by having a reproduction inhibition step of determining the copy medium the medium and disables reproduction of the reproduction data area. 4. A recording / reproducing system in which a recording / reproducing apparatus and a host device are connected, wherein the host device is mounted when the original recording medium or copy medium according to claim 1 is mounted on the recording / reproducing apparatus. A recording / reproducing system for executing the original / copy determination corresponding processing application program recorded on these media.

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