JP2005344615A - Turbocharger - Google Patents

Abstract

【Task】
An object of the present invention is to provide a turbocharger having a structure capable of refueling an anti-thrust metal immediately after starting or at a low engine speed.
[Solution]
Thrust bearings made of a positive thrust metal 16 and an anti-thrust metal 9 are provided on the turbine side and the compressor side of the thrust spacer 13, respectively. A baffle plate 10 is provided on the outer periphery of the thrust spacer between the positive thrust metal 16 and the anti-thrust metal 9, and pump discharge oil is introduced into the anti-thrust metal 9 by utilizing the centrifugal pump action of the thrust spacer 13. To do. The baffle plate 10 prevents oil supplied from the positive thrust metal 16 side from being discharged directly as an oil drain, and supplies oil to the anti-thrust metal 9 side.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a turbocharger used for an internal combustion engine such as an automobile engine, and more particularly to a bearing structure thereof.

  In an internal combustion engine such as an automobile engine, an exhaust turbine supercharger (turbocharger) is used to suck a larger amount of air into a cylinder of the internal combustion engine. In the exhaust turbine supercharger, generally, an exhaust turbine device that uses exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine and a compressor device in which a compressor is disposed in an intake passage of the internal combustion engine are rotationally driven coaxially.

  In the exhaust turbine supercharger having such a structure, the structure of the thrust metal that holds the thrust load is, for example, as shown in Utility Model No. 2519595, a rotating thrust spacer (the thrust bush shown in FIG. 1 of the utility model). 13) a thrust structure is known in which the bearing is supported by a positive thrust metal (the positive thrust bearing 31 of FIG. 1) and an anti-thrust metal (the anti-thrust bearing 32 of FIG. 1) fixed to both sides. With such a structure, when the thrust direction of the conventional thrust bearing structure varies, the amount of oil supply on the side with a larger axial load decreases, and the smaller direction prevents the problem that the amount of oil supply increases.

Utility Model No. 2519595

  However, in the structure described in Japanese Utility Model No. 2519595, the lubricating oil is supplied to the anti-thrust metal through the radial metal, so the radial metal rotates and the centrifugal pump acts to supply the anti-thrust metal. There is a problem that lacks. In particular, immediately after start-up, compared to radial metal and normal thrust metal, anti-thrust metal is refueled last, resulting in insufficient lubrication. Further, when the engine speed is low and the hydraulic pressure is low, the anti-thrust metal is not lubricated due to the centrifugal pump action caused by the rotation of the radial metal.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a turbocharger having a structure capable of refueling an anti-thrust metal immediately after start-up or even in a low engine speed state.

(1) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a turbocharger that causes exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine to flow into a turbine, rotationally drives a coaxial compressor, and pumps air to the internal combustion engine. , A radial bearing that supports a radial direction of the shaft, a thrust spacer that is fixed to the shaft and rotates, a seal collar that is fixed to the shaft, and a compressor impeller that is fixed to the shaft A thrust bearing made of a positive thrust metal and an anti-thrust metal respectively provided on the turbine side and the compressor side of the thrust spacer, and an oil supplied from the positive thrust metal side disposed on the outer periphery of the thrust spacer. Prevent the oil draining directly, It is obtained by so and a baffle plate for supplying oil to last metal side.
With this configuration, the anti-thrust metal can be refueled immediately after startup or even at a low engine speed.

  (2) In the above (1), preferably, the baffle plate is energized by a spring force between the anti-thrust metal and the positive thrust metal, and the anti-thrust metal is caused by the spring force of the baffle plate, It is designed to be fixed to the bearing casing.

  (3) In the above (1), preferably, the baffle plate has a gap.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to supply oil to the anti-thrust metal immediately after startup or even at a low engine speed.

Hereinafter, the configuration of a turbocharger according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
First, the overall configuration of the turbocharger according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the overall configuration of a turbocharger according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  The turbocharger in the present embodiment is a so-called turbocharger provided in an internal combustion engine (not shown) such as an automobile engine. The turbocharger includes an exhaust turbine device and an intake turbine device. The exhaust turbine device includes a turbine case 3 for introducing the exhaust gas into an exhaust gas passage of the internal combustion engine, and a turbine impeller 4 provided at a substantially central portion in the radial direction of the exhaust turbine case 3. The intake turbine device includes a compressor case 1 that introduces intake air into an intake passage of an internal combustion engine, a back plate 5 that separates an air chamber of the compressor from a bearing casing 2, and a substantially central portion in the radial direction of the compressor case 1. The compressor impeller 5 provided in the The compressor impeller 5 is fixed to the shaft of the turbine impeller 4, and both are rotatably held by the bearing casing 2. The shaft of the turbine impeller 4 is integrally formed with the turbine impeller 4.

Next, the configuration of the main part of the bearing chamber 2 of the turbocharger according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the main configuration of the bearing casing 2 of the turbocharger according to the embodiment of the present invention. The same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 indicate the same parts.

  In the bearing casing 2, the shaft 4 ′ of the turbine impeller 4, the thrust spacer 13, the seal collar 14, and the compressor impeller 5 are integrally formed. The shaft 4 ′ is supported in the radial direction by the bearing casing 2 via the radial metal 7. On the other hand, the thrust spacer 13 supports the thrust force toward the compressor side with the positive thrust metal 16, and the thrust spacer 13 similarly supports the thrust force toward the turbine side with the anti-thrust metal 9.

  After the thrust spacer 13 and the thrust collar 14 are inserted into the shaft 4 ′, the compressor impeller 5 is fixed to the shaft 4 ′ with a nut.

  The radial metal 7 is held by a circlip 8. The seal ring 15 seals between the seal collar 14 and the radial plate 6. The seal plate 12 prevents oil from splashing to the back plate 5 side and guides the received oil to the oil drain side.

  The oil supply of the bearing is guided to the radial metal 7 in the direction of the arrow F1 through the oil gallery 2-1 provided in the bearing casing 2, and the inner and outer diameters of the radial metal 7 are lubricated. The other lubricates the gap with the thrust spacer 13 in the direction of the arrow F <b> 2 through the oil supply hole 16-1 provided in the positive thrust metal 16.

  In the conventional thrust bearing structure, the oil that has lubricated the thrust spacer 13 flows out to the oil drain as it is. In the oil supply to the anti-thrust metal 9, the oil having lubricated the inner diameter of the radial metal 7 flows out to the compressor side and lubricates between the anti-thrust metal 9 and the thrust spacer 13. In such a structure, the oil supply to the anti-thrust metal 9 is introduced after the inner and outer diameters of the radial metal 7 are lubricated. Therefore, when the radial metal 7 rotates, there is a problem that the amount of oil in the centrifugal pump action decreases. Therefore, there is a problem that the amount of oil that lubricates the thrust force on the anti-thrust side is insufficient when starting the engine and when the engine is running at a low speed, resulting in increased wear and increased noise.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the baffle plate 10 provided on the outer peripheral side of the thrust spacer 13 and between the normal thrust metal 16 and the anti-thrust metal 9 is provided.

  One side of the oil supply from the oil gallery 2-1 is introduced into the radial metal 7 in the direction of the arrow F1 to lubricate the inner and outer circumferences of the radial metal 7. The other introduces oil into the thrust spacer 13 in the direction of the arrow F <b> 2 through the oil supply port 16-1 provided in the positive thrust metal 16. The thrust spacer 13 rotates, the oil is pressurized by a centrifugal pump action due to viscosity, and the oil is supplied to the outer peripheral side of the anti-thrust metal 9 by the baffle plate 10. Therefore, even if the lubrication from the radial metal 7 is insufficient, the oil from the normal thrust metal 16 is supplied, so that insufficient lubrication can be prevented and wear and noise can be prevented.

  The baffle plate 10 does not need to completely block between the positive thrust metal 16 and the anti-thrust metal 9, and has a structure capable of temporarily holding oil. Even if the baffle plate 10 has a gap, the oil can be supplied to the anti-thrust metal 9 side as long as the oil can be temporarily held. That is, the baffle plate 10 is a member that temporarily disturbs the oil supplied to the positive thrust metal 16 from being directly discharged as an oil drain. The baffle plate 10 is held between the positive thrust metal 16 and the anti-thrust metal 9 by a spring force. Compared to the case where the baffle plate is clipped or screwed, the baffle plate can be easily held, and the workability is excellent. Further, the anti-thrust metal 9 is held in the bearing casing 2 by the spring force of the baffle plate 10, and the work such as caulking is unnecessary. The thrust metal 16 is screwed to the bearing casing 2.

Here, the configuration of the baffle plate used in the turbocharger according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIGS. 3A and 3B show the configuration of the baffle plate used in the turbocharger according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3A is a front view and FIG. 3B is a side view.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, the baffle plate 10 has a structure in which six blade portions 10Y1,..., 10Y6 are integrally formed on the outer periphery of the ring portion 10X. A gap is formed between adjacent blade portions 10Y1, ..., 10Y6. 3B, the blade portions 10Y1,..., 10Y6 are bent in the axial direction of the shaft 4 ′ of the turbine impeller 4 with respect to the ring portion 10X, and have spring properties. Yes.

  By using the baffle plate 10 having such a shape, the oil introduced into the thrust spacer 13 is temporarily held by the baffle plate 10 and supplies oil to the outer peripheral side of the anti-thrust metal 9. The oil supplied to the thrust spacer 13 and the anti-thrust metal 9 is discharged as an oil drain.

Moreover, the other structure of the baffle plate used for the turbocharger by this embodiment is demonstrated using FIG.
FIG. 4 shows another configuration of the baffle plate used in the turbocharger according to the embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4 (A) is a front view, and FIG. 4 (B) is a side view.

  The baffle plate 10A has a ring shape as shown in FIG. 4 (A) and a wave washer shape as shown in FIG. 4 (B). Therefore, it has a spring property.

  By using the baffle plate 10 </ b> A having such a shape, the oil introduced into the thrust spacer 13 is temporarily held by the baffle plate 10 </ b> A, and oil is supplied to the outer peripheral side of the anti-thrust metal 9. The oil supplied to the thrust spacer 13 and the anti-thrust metal 9 is discharged as an oil drain.

Next, the hydraulic pressure limit in the turbocharger according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a hydraulic pressure limit in the turbocharger according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  In the figure, a solid line A indicates a hydraulic pressure limit of the turbocharger according to the present embodiment, and a broken line B indicates a hydraulic pressure limit of a turbocharger having a conventional structure without a baffle plate. The turbocharger used here is a small turbocharger having a diameter of 40φ, and is used for an internal combustion engine having a displacement of 660 cc, for example.

  FIG. 5 shows that oil supply is possible when the oil pressure of the oil supplied to the bearing casing is above the solid line A or B, and when the oil pressure is below these lines. Indicates insufficient lubrication and insufficient lubrication.

  In the case of the conventional structure shown by the broken line B, when the hydraulic pressure to be supplied is less than 1.0 MPa at the turbine rotation speed of 130,000, the lubrication is insufficient. In the case of the present embodiment shown by the solid line A, the baffle plate is used. Providing sufficient oil supply makes it possible to supply oil even when the supplied hydraulic pressure is 0.5 MPa.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the thrust spacer 13 has a centrifugal pump action, and in order to introduce the pump discharge oil into the anti-thrust metal 9, It has a structure in which a baffle plate is provided on the outer periphery of the thrust spacer between the thrust metal. With this structure, it is easy to secure anti-thrust metal lubrication under all engine conditions with an inexpensive and simple structure. Can be prevented.

1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an overall configuration of a turbocharger according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the principal part structure of the bearing compartment 2 of the turbocharger by one Embodiment of this invention. The structure of the baffle plate used for the turbocharger by one Embodiment of this invention is shown, FIG. 3 (A) is a front view, FIG.3 (B) is a side view. The other structure of the baffle plate used for the turbocharger by one Embodiment of this invention is shown, FIG. 4 (A) is a front view, FIG.4 (B) is a side view. It is explanatory drawing of the hydraulic pressure limit in the turbocharger by one Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Compressor case 2 ... Bearing casing 3 ... Turbine case 4 ... Turbine impeller 4 '... Shaft 5 ... Compressor impeller 6 ... Back plate 7 ... Radial metal 8 ... Circlip 9 ... Anti-thrust metal 10 ... Baffle plate 11 ... Thrust metal 12 ... Seal plate 13 ... Thrust spacer 14 ... Thrust collar 15 ... Seal ring 16 ... Positive thrust metal 16-1 ... Oil supply hole

Claims (3)

A turbocharger that causes exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine to flow into a turbine, rotationally drives a coaxial compressor, and pumps air to the internal combustion engine,
A shaft integrally formed with the turbine;
A radial bearing that supports the radial direction of the shaft;
A thrust spacer fixed to the shaft and rotating;
A seal collar fixed to the shaft;
A compressor impeller fixed to the shaft;
A thrust bearing made of a positive thrust metal and an anti-thrust metal respectively provided on the turbine side and the compressor side of the thrust spacer;
A baffle plate disposed on an outer peripheral portion of the thrust spacer to prevent oil supplied from the positive thrust metal side from being discharged directly as an oil drain and supplying oil to the anti-thrust metal side; Turbocharger characterized by that. The turbocharger according to claim 1,
The baffle plate urges a spring force between the anti-thrust metal and the positive thrust metal,
The turbocharger, wherein the anti-thrust metal is fixed to the bearing casing by a spring force of the baffle plate. The turbocharger according to claim 1,
The turbocharger, wherein the baffle plate has a gap.

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