JP2005308721A - Monitoring apparatus for predicting trouble situation - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a monitoring apparatus for predicting trouble situation that detects trouble predicted situations without power source, transmitting it by radio, accurately determines at which location the trouble predicted situation has occurred, and can greatly reduce the cost and running cost of this sort of facility, since no power distribution facilities or wire cables are required. <P>SOLUTION: A plurality of rods are erected at each required interval, at a location where a collapse can possibly occur; a wire is extended among the rods; one end section of the wire is connected to the sensor section; the amount of travel of rods that travel when cracks occur at a cliff where a collapse may occur is detected by a sensor section, and a power supply for driving the sensor section of the monitoring apparatus for predicting trouble situation for transmitting information, when the amount of travel exceeds a fixed value is generated by giving distortion deformation to a piezo-ceramic body by a steel ball, or the like hit by the blade of a rotating rotary shaking body. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an abnormality predictor state monitoring apparatus that can remotely monitor the predictor state before an abnormality such as a collapse of a cliff or a tunnel occurs.

  Conventionally, abnormalities such as deformation and collapse of cliffs and tunnels have been discovered by human work such as non-destructive inspection and visual confirmation. The situation monitoring system is inadequate, and leaving it unattended can lead to major accidents such as landslides and tunnel collapses.

  By the way, as an apparatus for detecting such a sign state, for example, an apparatus using ultrasonic waves shown in Patent Document 1 or an abnormal sign state monitoring apparatus as shown in FIG. 10 is used.

JP 2003-154937 A

  In the apparatus shown in FIG. 10, rods 1, 1, 1,... Are installed at required intervals along a slope such as a cliff, and a wire 2 is stretched between the upper ends of the rods 1, 1, 1,. Then, one end of the wire 2 is connected to a sensor unit 3 installed on a cliff or the like, and the amount of movement of the rod 1 that moves when a crack 4 occurs on the cliff is detected by the sensor unit 3. When the value exceeds a certain value (desirably, a movement amount of 2 to 3 mm may be detected), the information is transmitted to a remote monitoring center.

  The monitoring center is systematically instructed to reinforce the collapse risk area based on the above information and effectively prevent the occurrence of a major accident.

  However, in the above-described conventional abnormality sign state monitoring device, if the distribution facility 5 or the wired cable 6 is present, the installation thereof is not so troublesome. Since the electric power for operating the sensor unit 3 must be continuously supplied, there is a problem that the running cost increases, and the power distribution facility 5 is far away or a new power distribution facility must be installed. When the monitoring device is installed in a place, the cost of equipment increases, and the monitoring device (sensor unit 3) and the power distribution facility 5 must be connected by a wire 6, and this work is required. There is a problem that it is very cumbersome and this also increases the cost. In general, the cost of installing the monitoring device in all the places where monitoring of the abnormal sign state is necessary In addition to the large, the running cost is enormous, had a big problem.

  The present invention was devised in view of the current situation, and by detecting an abnormal sign state without a power source and transmitting it wirelessly, it is possible to know exactly where the abnormal sign state occurred. The power distribution equipment and wired cable are not required, and the object of the present invention is to provide a novel and epoch-making abnormal sign state monitoring device that can greatly reduce this kind of equipment cost and running cost. To do.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of rods are erected at a required interval at a location where collapse is possible, a wire is stretched between the rods, and one end of the wire is connected to a sensor. The amount of movement of the rod that moves when a crack occurs in the cliff where it can be collapsed is detected by the sensor unit, and when the amount of movement exceeds a certain value, the information is sent to a remote monitoring center. An abnormal sign state monitoring device configured to transmit, comprising a piezoelectric power generation device that generates power by providing distortion deformation to a piezoelectric ceramic body formed in a plate shape as a power source for driving the sensor unit The piezoelectric power generation apparatus includes at least one piezoelectric ceramic body, a cushion material that holds the piezoelectric ceramic body in a soft state in which the natural vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic body is difficult to be transmitted to other structures, and a spring material The formed base member, an elastic support fixed to the vertical portion of the base member, and fixed to both ends of the elastic support to strike the piezoelectric ceramic body and give an impact to the piezoelectric ceramic body A hard steel ball, and by applying an external force to one of the steel balls, the other steel ball continuously repeats vertical vibration by a resonance action, and when an abnormal sign state occurs, The piezoelectric power generator is configured to self-generate electric power necessary for driving the sensor unit.

The invention described in claim 2 is based on the technical premise of the abnormal sign state monitoring device described in claim 1, and means for applying an external force to the one steel ball has one end at the end of the wire. It is composed of a connected rotating body, and the rotating body operates so that the other end strikes the steel ball when the wire is pulled by occurrence of an abnormal sign state with the shaft as a fulcrum. And

Furthermore, the invention according to claim 3 is based on the technical premise of the abnormal sign state monitoring device according to claim 2, and the length dimension from the fulcrum of the rotating body to the steel ball striking portion is determined by wire connection from the fulcrum. It is characterized in that it is set to a length dimension several times larger than the length dimension to the part.

Furthermore, the invention according to claim 4 is based on the technical premise of the abnormal sign state monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and the elastic support has the same length from the base member. In addition, the steel balls fixed to the both ends of the base member are also formed with substantially the same shape and weight.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a plurality of the piezoelectric power generation devices according to any one of the first to fourth aspects are arranged in the sensor unit in parallel, and the sensor unit is operated by any one power generation amount. It is comprised so that it may do.

The invention according to claim 6 is based on the technical premise of the invention according to claim 1, and the means for applying an external force to the one steel ball is wound around the middle portion of the wire and rotates, The rotary shaker is configured to rotate when the wire is pulled or pulled back by the occurrence of an abnormal sign state with the shaft as a fulcrum, When an abnormal predictive state occurs when the blade strikes the one steel ball and applies an external force to the one steel ball, and the other steel ball continuously vibrates due to a resonance action. The piezoelectric power generation apparatus is configured to self-generate electric power necessary for driving the sensor unit.

  A seventh aspect of the present invention is based on the technical premise of the abnormal sign state monitoring device according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, and a plurality of the blades are radially provided in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction of the rotary vibration exciter, A plurality of the piezoelectric power generators are arranged radially around the rotating vibrator, and the one steel ball is provided at a position facing each of the plurality of vertical blades of the plurality of piezoelectric power generators. Features.

  The invention according to claim 8 is based on the technical premise that the abnormal sign state monitoring device according to either claim 6 or claim 7 is provided, and a plurality of rods are provided upright from the upstream to the downstream of the collapsible portion. A plurality of the wires are stretched between the plurality of rods so as to be in parallel from the upstream side to the downstream side of the portion, and one end portions of the plurality of wires are connected to the sensor units, respectively.

  As described above, in the invention described in claim 1, an abnormal sign state is detected by a non-power supply, and this is transmitted wirelessly, so that it is possible to accurately determine where the abnormal sign state has occurred. In addition to being able to know, since the power distribution equipment and the wired cable are not required, this kind of equipment cost and running cost can be greatly reduced.

  Further, in the invention according to claim 2, since the moving state of the wire can be directly transmitted to the rotating body, and one steel ball can be beaten at the other end of the rotating body. Can be detected reliably and promptly, and since the configuration is simple, it can be provided at low cost and has few failures, so that it is suitable for this type of device. Have.

  Furthermore, in the invention according to claim 3, the length dimension from the fulcrum of the rotating body to the steel ball striking part is several times the length dimension from the fulcrum to the wire connection part. Therefore, even if the amount of movement of the rod due to the occurrence of cracks is about 2 to 3 mm, this can be converted into a large external force and the steel ball can be beaten strongly. Since it is possible to detect without missing and to obtain a large amount of power in a short time, the sensor unit can be reliably operated even without a power source.

Further, in the invention according to claim 4, since the strike to the continuous piezoelectric ceramic body by the steel ball is repeated by applying the external force once, the current obtained by the piezoelectric power generation apparatus using the conventional steel ball is obtained. It is possible to reliably obtain a power generation amount several tens of times greater than the output, and to obtain an effect that a power generation amount at a practical level can be ensured more compactly and inexpensively.

  Furthermore, in the invention according to claim 5, a plurality of piezoelectric power generators are arranged in parallel in the sensor unit, and the sensor unit is operated by any one power generation amount. Even if one of the piezoelectric generators breaks down, the other piezoelectric generators will operate, so it is possible to reliably detect abnormal signs and simplify the maintenance, greatly reducing maintenance inspection costs. Can do.

According to the invention of claim 6, by directly transmitting the movement state of the wire as it is and rotating the rotating vibration body, one steel ball is continuously beaten with a plurality of blades of the rotation vibration body. Therefore, it is possible to detect the occurrence of cracks reliably and promptly, and since the configuration is simple, it can be provided at a low cost and has few failures. It has the effect of being. Further, by continuously applying an external force to one steel ball with a plurality of blades by one rotation of the rotating vibration body, the striking of the piezoelectric ceramic body can be continuously repeated. As a result, it is possible to reliably obtain a power generation amount that is several tens of times higher than the current output obtained with a piezoelectric power generation device using a conventional steel ball, and to ensure a practical power generation amount that is more compact and inexpensive. Can be obtained.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, a plurality of piezoelectric power generation devices are arranged radially in the sensor unit, and the sensor unit is configured to operate according to the power generation amount of any one of the piezoelectric power generation devices. Even if one of the piezoelectric generators fails, the other piezoelectric generators will operate, so it is possible to reliably detect abnormal signs and simplify maintenance, which can greatly reduce maintenance inspection costs. it can.

  According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, the sensor unit incorporating the piezoelectric power generation device is connected to each one end of the plurality of wires disposed in the collapsible portion, thereby reducing the risk of collapse. The accuracy of detection can be increased. Thereby, the abnormal condition state monitoring apparatus can be used as a collapse detection sensor.

  Hereinafter, an example as the best mode of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an arrangement state of an abnormal sign state monitoring device K according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and the abnormal sign state monitoring device K is arranged at a predetermined interval along a slope such as a cliff. , 1, 1,... An abnormal sign state in which a wire 2 is stretched between the upper ends of the rods 1, 1, 1, and one end of the wire 2 is installed on a cliff or the like The amount of movement of the rod 1 that is connected to the sensor unit 90 of the monitoring device K and moves when a crack 4 occurs on the cliff is detected by the sensor unit 90, and the amount of movement is a constant value (preferably a movement amount of 2 to 3 mm). The information is transmitted to a remote monitoring center when it exceeds the limit. The monitoring center is systematized so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of a major accident by instructing reinforcement work for the collapse risk area based on the above information.

  The sensor unit 90 is operated by a non-power-supply type piezoelectric power generation device 30, and is connected to the end of the wire 2 and is connected to the piezoelectric power generation device 30 to apply an external force F to an abnormal sign state. Is configured to generate and operate power for communicating with each other.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the external force applying device 100 includes a plate-like rotating body 105 having one end 101 connected to the end of the wire 2, and the rotating body 105 has a shaft 102. As a fulcrum, when the wire 2 is pulled due to the occurrence of an abnormal sign state, the other end 103 is configured to strike one steel ball 43 of the piezoelectric power generator 30 described later.

Incidentally, the rotary body 105, set from the fulcrum 102 length _{l 4} until the steel ball strikes unit 103, several times the length dimension to length dimension _{l 3} from the fulcrum 102 to the wire connecting portion 101 By doing this, even if the amount of movement of the rods 1, 1, 1,... Due to the occurrence of the crack 4 is about 2 to 3 mm, this can be converted into a large external force F and the steel ball 43 can be strongly hit. Thus, even a slight change in the surface of the earth can be detected without fail, and a large amount of electric power can be obtained in a short time, and the sensor unit 90 can be reliably operated even without a power source. In the figure, reference numeral 106 denotes a guide bar provided with a guide slot 107 for guiding the end 103, and reference numeral 108 biases the end 103 in a direction opposite to the striking direction of the steel ball 43 in a normal state. The spring is shown.

As shown in FIG. 3, the piezoelectric power generation apparatus 30 includes a frame 31, a piezoelectric ceramic body 10 disposed on the frame 31, and the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 having other structural bodies in which the natural vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 is different. The base member 40 is formed of an L-shaped spring material fixed to the upper surface of the frame 31, and the base member 40 is fixed to the end of the base member 40. The elastic support members 41 and 42 and the steel balls 43 and 44, which are hard steel balls fixed to both ends of the elastic support members 41 and 42, are provided. The other steel ball 43 is configured such that the other steel ball 43 continuously repeats vertical vibration by a resonance action, strikes the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 and gives an impact to the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 to generate electric power. .

That is, the elastic supports 41 and 42 formed by forming a metal material such as rod-like stainless steel, is fixed by welding having the same length l _1, l ₂ from the connection point l ₀ of the base member 40.

Here, the steel balls 43 and 44 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are formed of 0.6 g of steel balls, the elastic supports 41 and 42 are formed of φ0.6 stainless steel bars (sus304-WPB), and , L ₁ , l ₂ is 70 mm in length, and when the l ₀ dimension of the base member 40 formed of stainless steel (sus301: t = 0.4) is set to 15 mm, the vertical amplitude of the steel balls 43, 44 The stroke was 14-15 mm. The amount of power generated by the piezoelectric power generation device 30 having this configuration was measured with the measurement device. The result is shown in FIG.

As is apparent from the data shown in FIG. 4, when the external force F is applied to the steel ball 44 once, the steel ball 43 continuously vibrates in a pendulum shape, which is obtained by one-time strike as in the prior art. It can be seen that power generation of several tens of times the amount of power generated can be obtained. That is, in the first embodiment, l ₁ = l ₂ , 43 = 44, one natural frequency and the other natural frequency are set to be the same, and the left and right resonate. With this configuration, one natural frequency (n · fo) can be made an integral multiple of the other natural frequency (fo), and as a result, one of the stored energy is increased (the completed moment is increased). Thus, the natural frequency is lowered, and the vibration duration time of the steel ball 43 can be increased.

In addition, according to the piezoelectric power generation device 30, the number of parts can be greatly reduced, and the device can be made very small along with cost reduction.

In addition, in the said Example 1, although the case where the connection of the said elastic support bodies 41 and 42 and the base member 40 was performed was demonstrated as an example, in this invention, it is not limited to this, It can also be integrally connected by known means such as screwing, caulking, using a strong adhesive, or soldering.

  By the way, in the first embodiment, the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 is composed of two plate-like piezoelectric ceramic elements 10a and 10b having the same material, the same shape and the same thickness, and the polarities of the polarization of the piezoelectric ceramic elements 10a and 10b. Are arranged in the same direction, and between the piezoelectric ceramic elements 10a and 10b, an extremely thin metal electrode 11 made of a conductive metal such as phosphor bronze or brass and having a thickness of 10 μm to 50 μm is disposed. The element 10a, 10b and the metal electrode 11 are joined.

  The piezoelectric ceramic element is made of a titanium zirconate-based material, and the cushion material 13 can be a synthetic resin material, a rubber material, or a soft material in which these are formed in a sponge shape. Is preferably polyethylene foam. Further, in the first embodiment, the steel balls 43 and 44 can be made of tungsten, iron, or the like that is heavy and has good power generation efficiency so that the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 is not broken. As the protector 14 for protecting the steel ball collision surface portion, a hard metal such as phosphor bronze or stainless steel or a synthetic resin excellent in workability can be used.

  In the first embodiment, the metal electrode 11 is made to have the extremely thin thickness, so that the mechanical resistance due to the metal electrode 11 can be suppressed very slightly, and the two piezoelectric ceramic elements 10a and 10b and the metal Even if the flexural vibration is generated around the joint surface of the electrode 11 (the portion that does not expand and contract), the attenuation of the flexural vibration by the metal electrode 11 can be suppressed as small as possible. In the configuration of the first embodiment, when the piezoelectric ceramic element 10a on one side expands, the piezoelectric ceramic element 10b on the other side contracts, and the electrodes of the output voltage are in opposite directions, so that both piezoelectric ceramic elements 10a, 10b becomes a power generation configuration connected in parallel.

  In the first embodiment, when the flexural vibration is performed, the piezoelectric ceramic element 10a (or 10b) performs both expansion and contraction, and the polarization is not canceled out. Electricity is generated. The generated electric current as electric energy is taken out using lead wires conductively connected to both the piezoelectric ceramic elements 10a and 10b and the metal electrode 11.

  In the first embodiment, the case where two piezoelectric ceramic elements 10a and 10b are laminated with the metal electrode 11 interposed therebetween is described as an example. However, each piezoelectric ceramic element 10a (10b) itself is laminated. It can be a structure. In this laminated structure, one piezoelectric ceramic element 10a (or 10b) is formed by joining a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic elements (in this case, the polarity of polarization is also in the same direction). In this way, when the piezoelectric ceramic element 10a (or 10b) itself has a laminated structure and is bonded by an adhesive having elastic characteristics, for example, the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 lacking in material strength due to this elastic effect. Bending is facilitated and bending strength can be maintained. In the present invention, the outer shape of the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 is not particularly limited, and an appropriate shape such as a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a quadrangle, or a polygon can be used according to the implementation. .

  In addition, the cushion material 13 used in the first embodiment is configured not to attenuate the vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 by fixing the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 with an adhesive at the center or both ends thereof. Yes. When the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 vibrates, the member that supports the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 becomes a factor that attenuates the vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic body 10. In order to remove this damping factor, the piezoelectric ceramic body is used as much as possible by using the cushion material 13. 10 is left free. The distortion of the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 continues for a while as a natural vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic itself. In order to continue this natural vibration for a long time, it is important that this natural vibration is not transmitted to other components than the piezoelectric ceramic body 10. The natural vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 is converted as electric energy, but all the vibrations of the other structures become mechanical resistances and absorb the natural vibration energy and cannot be taken out as electric energy. For this reason, in the first embodiment, the cushion material 13 is used as a means for realizing a soft contact between the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 and another structure so that the natural vibration is not transmitted. The natural vibration of the ceramic body 10 can be continued for a long time, and the power generation efficiency is improved. Of course, the cushion material 13 also has a function of reducing the impact applied to the piezoelectric ceramic body 10.

  In the first embodiment, the case where the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 has a so-called parallel structure has been described as an example. However, the invention is not limited to this, and a series structure is used. Of course, a piezoelectric ceramic body having a conventional known structure can be used, but the structure of the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 according to the first embodiment has the highest power generation efficiency.

  FIG. 5 shows a circuit unit 30 that rectifies the current generated by the power generation unit 50 of the piezoelectric power generation apparatus 30. The charging unit 61 of the circuit unit 60 includes a rectification unit 62, a charging unit 63, and a determination unit. 64 and a discharge switch means 65 are provided. The rectifying unit 62 is a unit that rectifies the AC power output from the power generation unit 50 to generate a pulsating flow. The charging means 63 is means for charging the pulsating flow obtained by the rectifying means 62 as a direct current. The determination unit 64 is a unit that intermittently monitors and determines the amount of charge of the charging unit 63 according to the power generation timing of the piezoelectric element 10. With this means, a very small amount of charge is consumed at the time of monitoring, but since monitoring is performed intermittently, power consumption by monitoring is suppressed and the influence on the charge amount is reduced. When the determination unit 64 determines that the charging amount of the charging unit 63 has reached a level at which transmission is possible, the discharge switch unit 65 starts discharging the charging unit 63 and supplies power to the transmission unit 70 at the subsequent stage. It is means to do.

  The transmitter 70 includes communication control means 71, signal switch means 72, signal switch means 73, and discharge stop means 74. The communication control unit 71 is a unit that performs an operation necessary for communication, and this unit is started when power is supplied from the charging unit 61. This means works to turn on the signal switch means 72 when the operation is started, and passes data for transmission to the signal generation means 73. The signal switch unit 72 is a unit that is turned on by the communication control unit 71 and supplies power to the signal switch unit 73.

  The signal switch unit 73 converts the data for transmission received from the communication control unit 71 into a signal and transmits the signal. The discharge stop unit 74 is a unit that operates the discharge switch unit 65 so as to stop the supply of power from the charging unit 61. This means is operated by the communication control means 71 when the communication control means 71 has passed all the data necessary for transmission to the signal switch means 73.

  5 and 6 are continuous circuit diagrams, which are connected by S point, + point, and-point. The rectifier 62 forms a full-wave rectifier circuit with diodes D1 to D6, and rectifies the AC power output from the power generation unit 50 and outputs it as a pulsating current to the subsequent stage. Of the four lead wires taken out from the power generation unit 50, three lead wires are connected, and the three lead wires are connected to the six diodes D1 to D6.

  The charging means 63 includes a capacitor C1. The capacitor C1 may be replaced with a rechargeable battery. The pulsating flow rectified by the rectifying means 62 is sequentially charged as a direct current to the capacitor C1, and the voltage across the capacitor C1 increases each time the steel ball 44 collides with the piezoelectric element 10 and repeats power generation.

  The discharge switch means 65 is a self-holding type current switch. In this embodiment, complementary transistors are used, and the PNP transistor Tr1 and the NPN transistor Tr2 are combined. In this discharge switch means 65, when a voltage approximately 0.6V (a value determined by Tr1) lower than the voltage at point c is applied to point b, Tr1 is turned on, and Tr2 is turned on almost simultaneously. Thus, when the discharge switch means 65 is turned on, the impedance between the points c and d becomes extremely low. Then, the electric power stored in the capacitor C1 of the charging unit 63 is discharged and supplied to the communication control unit 71 with very little loss. This ON state continues until it becomes a self-holding state and stops discharging.

  The determination unit 64 includes capacitors C2 and C3 and resistors R1 and R2. C3 is provided for preventing malfunction. The capacitor C2 and the resistor R1 are provided between the point a shown in FIG. 6 that is the output from the piezoelectric element 10 and the point b shown in FIG. The time constant determines the time for applying the voltage at point b when determining the charge amount. AC power is generated every time the steel ball 44 collides with the piezoelectric element 10 at point a. This voltage is a value obtained by adding the voltage in the upper direction of the diode D6 to the voltage at both ends of the capacitor C1. Then, the voltage of the capacitor C1 increases due to charging, and the AC voltage at point a also increases. That is, at the point a, an AC voltage substantially proportional to the DC voltage across the capacitor C1 is obtained whenever the steel ball 44 collides, that is, intermittently. The AC voltage at point a is applied in a very short time determined by the time constant of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C2. The voltage at the point b is determined by the distribution ratio of the resistors R1 and R2, and as described above, when the voltage at the point b exceeds the value of about 0.6V (a value determined by Tr1) lower than the voltage at the point c, the discharge switch The means 65 is turned on.

Here, the voltage at the point b is the voltage at the point c × (1-R2 / (R1 + R2)).
Therefore, when the voltage at the point b becomes equal to the voltage “voltage at the point c−about 0.6 V” that is about 0.6 V lower than the voltage at the point c, the threshold value for the determination is obtained. Determine the level.

For this reason, by adjusting R1 and R2, the charge amount for starting discharge can be adjusted to a level at which transmission is possible. This level is arbitrarily set according to the signal to be transmitted.

  The communication control means 71 includes a communication control circuit 75, a capacitor C7, a resistor R8, and FET1. The capacitor C7 is provided for stable operation. The resistors R8 and FET1 are provided for level conversion for interfacing the communication control circuit 75 and the signal switch means 72 with low power consumption. When power is supplied to the communication control circuit 75 by discharging from the charging unit 61, procedures necessary for transmission are executed inside the communication control circuit 75. Note that the communication control circuit 75 has low power consumption.

  The signal switch means 72 includes a PNP transistor Tr4, resistors R6 and R7, and a capacitor C6. Since the signal generation circuit 76 constituting the signal generation means 73 requires relatively large power, the signal switch means 72 is configured to supply power to the signal generation circuit 76 using the high power transistor switch Tr4. doing. In the signal switch means 72, when the transmission start command from the communication control circuit 75 passes through the FET 1 and the resistor R7 to turn on the transistor Tr4, the signal switch means 73 operates to start transmission.

  The signal generation means 73 includes the signal generation circuit 76 and the antenna 77. When power is supplied from the signal switch means 72, the signal generation means 73 converts the data for transmission received from the communication control circuit 72 into a radio signal. It transmits from the antenna 77.

  The discharge stopping means 74 includes a PNP transistor Tr3, resistors R4 and R5, and capacitors C4 and C5. Capacitors C4 and C5 are provided for preventing malfunction. In this means, when the communication control circuit 75 finishes sending data necessary for transmission to the signal generation circuit 76, the communication control circuit 75 outputs a signal for turning on the transistor Tr3 through the resistor R4. When the transistor Tr3 is turned on, the self-holding of the discharge switch means 65 is released, the discharge of the electric power stored in the capacitor C5 is stopped, and the transmission operation is ended.

  As shown in the block diagram of FIG. 5, the output of the power generation unit 50 is taken out to the circuit unit 60. The circuit unit 60 includes a charging unit 61 and a transmission unit 70 that rectify and charge AC power generated by the power generation unit 50. Then, the signal transmitted from the transmitter 70 is received by the receiver 81 of the receiver (relay device) 80, and the alarm unit 82 is installed in which part of the display unit 84 installed in the management center, for example. Whether the apparatus has issued an alarm is notified by sound or light, and is also notified to a preset outside via the network 83.

  As described above, in the first embodiment, every time the piezoelectric element 10 generates power, the circuit unit 60 extracts the AC voltage from the output and uses the AC voltage for the determination unit 64 to determine the charge amount. Such intermittent determination of the charge amount is efficiently determined at the timing when the charge amount increases. In addition, consumption of useless power for determination is greatly suppressed, so that power necessary for transmission can be quickly charged and supplied to the transmission unit 70.

  The signal transmitted from the transmitting unit 70 is received by the receiving unit 81 of the receiving device (relay device) 80, and processing such as an alarm is executed by the alarm unit 82. This alarm is issued by sound, light, or voice, and at the same time, it is notified to the related facility via the network 83.

  As described above, the abnormal sign state monitoring device K according to the first embodiment detects the abnormal sign state with no power source and transmits the wireless state to determine where the abnormal sign state has occurred. While being able to know accurately, since the said power distribution equipment and a wired cable are not required, this kind of equipment cost and running cost can be reduced significantly.

  Further, since the movement state of the wire 2 can be directly transmitted to the rotating body 105 and one steel ball 43 can be beaten at the other end 103 of the rotating body 105, the generation of the crack 4 is ensured and Therefore, since it can be detected quickly and the configuration is simple, it can be provided at low cost, and it is suitable for this type of apparatus because it has few failures.

Further, the length l ₄ from the fulcrum 102 to the steel ball striking portion 103 of the rotary body 105 is set to several times the length dimension to length dimension l ₃ from the fulcrum 102 to the wire connecting portion 101 Therefore, even if the amount of movement of the rod 1 due to the occurrence of the crack 4 is about 2 to 3 mm, it can be converted into a large external force F to strike the steel ball 43 strongly, and a slight change in the ground surface However, since this can be detected reliably without overlooking it and a large amount of electric power can be obtained in a short time, the sensor unit 90 can be reliably operated even without a power source.

Moreover, since the striking of the continuous piezoelectric ceramic body 10 by the steel ball 43 is repeated by applying the external force once, the power generation amount is several tens of times or more than the current output obtained by the piezoelectric power generation device using the conventional steel ball. Can be reliably obtained, and the power generation amount at a practical level can be ensured more compactly and inexpensively.

  FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an arrangement state of the abnormal sign state monitoring device K according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The configuration different from the first embodiment is different from the first embodiment except that the external force applying device 200 is different. Since it is the same as that of Example 1, the code | symbol used in Example 1 is attached | subjected to drawing, and the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted here.

  The external force imparting device 100 according to the second embodiment includes a rotating vibration body 205 in which a midway portion of the wire 2 is wound around a columnar shaft 202 that rotates together with a cylindrical main body 201. The rotating vibration body 205 is rotated around the main body 201 at regular intervals by rotating when the wire 2 is pulled or pulled back by the occurrence of an abnormal sign state with the shaft 202 as a fulcrum. A plurality of (four in the second embodiment) plate-like blades 203 are configured to strike one steel ball 43 of the piezoelectric power generation device 30.

  In the rotary vibrating body 205, the length dimension L6 from the center of the shaft 202 to the tip of the blade 203 as the steel ball striking portion is set to the length dimension L5 from the center of the shaft 202 to the outer periphery of the main body 201. On the other hand, by setting the long dimension, even if the movement amount of the rods 1, 1, 1,... 43 can be beaten strongly, even if there is a slight change in the surface of the earth, it can be detected without fail, and a large amount of power can be obtained in a short time. It can be made to. Moreover, the code | symbol 7 in FIG. 7 has shown the spring urged | biased in the direction which pulls the wire 2. FIG.

  As described above, in the abnormal sign state monitoring device K according to the second embodiment, the movement state of the wire 2 (the movement state when the wire 2 is pulled and the movement state when the wire 2 is pulled back) is directly rotated. By transmitting to the vibrating body 205 and rotating the rotating vibration body 205, one steel ball 43 can be beaten successively and sequentially by the plurality of blades 203 of the rotating vibration body 205. As a result, the occurrence of the crack 4 can be detected reliably and promptly, and since the configuration is simple, it can be provided at a low cost and has few failures, so it is suitable for this type of apparatus. is there.

  Furthermore, the length dimension L6 from the center of the shaft 202 of the rotating vibration body 205 to the tip of the blade 203 as the steel ball striking portion is relative to the length dimension L5 from the center of the shaft 202 to the outer periphery of the main body 201. Therefore, even if the movement amount of the rod 1 due to the occurrence of the crack 4 is about 2 to 3 mm, it can be converted into a large external force F and the steel ball 43 can be strongly hit. Even a slight change in the surface of the earth can be detected without fail, and a large amount of electric power can be obtained in a short time, so that the sensor unit 90 can be reliably operated even without a power source.

  Further, by continuously applying an external force to one steel ball 43 with a plurality of blades 203 by one rotation of the rotating vibration body 205, the striking on the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 is continuously and sequentially repeated. As a result, it is possible to reliably obtain a power generation amount that is several tens of times higher than the current output obtained with a piezoelectric power generation device using a conventional steel ball, and to ensure a practical power generation amount that is more compact and inexpensive. Can do.

  Furthermore, by applying tension to the wire 2 in a predetermined direction by the spring 7, the piezoelectric generator 30 is generated by the movement in both directions of the movement by pulling the wire 2 and the movement when the wire 2 is pulled back. Necessary electric power can be quickly charged and supplied to the transmitter 70, and an alarm can be reliably transmitted.

  FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the configuration of the abnormal sign state monitoring apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a side view showing the structure of the abnormal sign state monitoring apparatus according to Embodiment 3.

  In the second embodiment, the case where one piezoelectric power generation device 30 is disposed has been described as an example. However, in this third embodiment, an external force applying device that applies an external force F to the piezoelectric power generating device 30 (applies an external force). Means) The plurality of piezoelectric power generation devices 30 (seven in the case of the third embodiment) are arranged in the sensor unit 90 around the rotary vibration body 205 of the 200.

  As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a plurality of plate-like blades 203 are radially provided on the upper and lower portions of the central flange portion 201a of the cylindrical main body 201 of the rotating vibration body 205 (in this embodiment 3, an even number is provided on the upper stage). 4 pieces, an even number of 4 pieces on the lower stage at the same position as the upper stage). In addition, one steel ball 43 is provided at the top and bottom at positions facing the respective upper and lower blades 203 of the plurality of piezoelectric power generation devices 30. That is, one steel ball 43 is provided in an odd number of seven per stage. Further, the other steel balls 44 are also provided on the upper and lower sides, respectively, so that the piezoelectric ceramic body 10 is provided in pairs on the upper and lower sides and the left and right sides.

  In this case, one upper steel ball of the first piezoelectric power generation device 30 is denoted by reference numeral 43A (the other steel ball is denoted by reference numeral 44A), and one lower steel ball of the first piezoelectric power generation device 30 is denoted by reference numeral 43a. (The other steel ball is denoted by reference numeral 44a), the upper one steel ball of the second piezoelectric power generation apparatus 30 is denoted by reference numeral 43B (the other steel ball is denoted by reference numeral 44B), and the lower stage of the second piezoelectric power generation apparatus 30 One steel ball is indicated by reference numeral 43b (the other steel ball is indicated by reference numeral 44b), one upper steel ball of the third piezoelectric generator 30 is indicated by reference numeral 43C (the other steel ball is indicated by reference numeral 44C), One steel ball at the lower stage of the fourth piezoelectric power generation device 30 is denoted by reference numeral 43c (the other steel ball is denoted by reference numeral 44c), and one steel ball at the upper stage of the fourth piezoelectric power generation device 30 is denoted by reference numeral 43D (the other steel ball). 44D), and one steel ball at the lower stage of the fourth piezoelectric power generation apparatus 30 is denoted by reference numeral 43. (The other steel ball is denoted by reference numeral 44d), the upper one steel ball of the fifth piezoelectric power generation apparatus 30 is denoted by reference numeral 43E (the other steel ball is denoted by reference numeral 44E), and the lower stage of the fifth piezoelectric power generation apparatus 30 One steel ball is indicated by reference numeral 43e (the other steel ball is indicated by reference numeral 44e), one upper steel ball of the sixth piezoelectric generator 30 is indicated by reference numeral 43F (the other steel ball is indicated by reference numeral 44F), One steel ball in the lower stage of the seventh piezoelectric power generation device 30 is denoted by reference numeral 43f (the other steel ball is denoted by reference numeral 44f), and one steel ball in the upper stage of the seventh piezoelectric power generation device 30 is denoted by reference numeral 43G (the other steel ball. 44G), and the lower one steel ball of the seventh piezoelectric power generation apparatus 30 is indicated by reference numeral 43g (the other steel ball is indicated by reference numeral 44g). One steel ball is generically indicated by reference numeral 43 and the other steel ball is generically indicated by reference numeral 44.

  And as shown in FIG. 9, the middle part of the wire 2 is wound around the column-shaped axis | shaft 202 fixed to the lower surface of the column-shaped main body 201, and rotates with this main body 201, This wire 2 is an abnormal sign state. When it is pulled or pulled back due to the occurrence of the rotation, the rotary vibrating body 205 rotates around the shaft 202 as a fulcrum. As a result, the blades 203 radially projecting at equal intervals on the upper and lower stages of the main body 201 are connected to one upper steel ball 43A of the first piezoelectric generator 30 and the second piezoelectric generator 30. One steel ball 43b in the lower stage, one steel ball 43C in the upper stage of the third piezoelectric power generation device 30, one steel ball 43d in the lower stage of the fourth piezoelectric power generation device 30, and a fifth piezoelectric power generation device 30, one upper steel ball 43E, the lower one steel ball 43f of the sixth piezoelectric power generation device 30, the upper one steel ball 43G of the seventh piezoelectric power generation device 30, and the first piezoelectric power generation. One steel ball 43a at the lower stage of the apparatus 30, one steel ball 43B at the upper stage of the second piezoelectric power generation apparatus 30, one steel ball 43c at the lower stage of the third piezoelectric power generation apparatus 30, and a fourth piezoelectric element. One steel ball 43D in the upper stage of the power generation device 30, the fifth piezoelectric One steel ball 43e on the lower stage of the electric device 30, one steel ball 43F on the upper stage of the sixth piezoelectric power generation device 30, one steel ball 43g on the lower stage of the seventh piezoelectric power generation device 30, and the first The upper and lower steel balls 43A of the piezoelectric power generation apparatus 30 are sequentially beaten.

  In this way, by configuring the sensor unit 90 to operate according to the power generation amount of any one of the piezoelectric power generation devices 30, even if any one of the piezoelectric power generation devices 30 breaks down, By covering this, an abnormal sign state can be detected more reliably and the maintenance can be simplified, so that the maintenance and inspection costs can be greatly reduced.

  Further, even when the moving speed of the pulling and pulling back of the wire 2 is fast, the sensor unit 90 can be reliably operated by the power generation amount of any one of the piezoelectric power generation devices 30. That is, when one steel ball 43 is beaten (vibrated) using a plurality of blades 203 when the moving speed of pulling and pulling back of the wire 2 is high, one steel ball 43 is vibrated by the first blade 203. Later, while the steel ball 43 was still oscillating, the next blade 203 could interfere with the vibration of the steel ball 43 (although no problem occurs when the speed of the wire 2 is slow), By adopting a configuration in which a plurality of upper and lower blades 203 are provided on the rotating vibration body 205, even if a fast movement of the wire 2 occurs, the steel balls 43 of any one or more of the piezoelectric generators 30 are prevented from vibrating. Power generation can be continued without any problems.

  The abnormal sign state monitoring apparatus configured in this way is not particularly shown, but a plurality of rods are erected from the upstream side to the downstream side of the collapsible location, and wires are connected between the plurality of rods upstream of the location. A plurality of wires are stretched in parallel from the downstream to the downstream (in the third embodiment, a plurality of wires are arranged in parallel so as to cross from the upstream to the downstream), and each end of the plurality of wires is connected to each of the embodiments. The piezoelectric power generation devices 30 are connected to the respective sensor units 90.

  Since the collapse of the cliff collapses from the upstream to the downstream, once the collapse occurs, it reacts from the upstream sensor unit 90 to the downstream sensor unit 90. At this time, the signal generation times from the upstream sensor unit 90 to the downstream sensor unit 90 are t1, t2, t3, t4, and a1 = t2-t1, a2 = t3-t2, and a3 = t4-t3. If a1 + a2 + a3> 0, the risk is A; if a1 + a2> 0 or a2 + a3> 0, the risk is B; if a1> 0 or a2> 0 or a3> 0, the risk is C; .

  As described above, the sensor unit 90 incorporating the piezoelectric power generation device 30 of each of the above-described embodiments is connected to each end portion of a plurality of wires crossing the collapsed portion, so that the accuracy of detection of the risk of collapse is detected. Can be increased as described above. Thereby, the abnormal sign state monitoring apparatus K can be used as a landslide sensor.

  In addition, according to the said Example 3, although the blade | wing and the steel ball were provided in the upper and lower two steps, you may provide in upper, middle, and lower three steps. In addition, four blades are provided in each stage and seven steel balls are provided in each stage. However, the number of blades is not limited to this number, and an even number of blades in each stage and an odd number of steel balls in each stage are provided. good.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the arrangement | positioning state of the abnormal sign state monitoring apparatus which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the abnormality sign state monitoring apparatus. It is a side view which shows the structure of the abnormal sign state monitoring apparatus. It is a graph which shows the electric power generation amount of the piezoelectric power generator of the abnormal sign state monitoring apparatus which concerns on Example 1 measured by the measurement circuit. It is a circuit diagram of the same piezoelectric generator. It is a circuit diagram which shows the more detailed structure of the same piezoelectric generator. It is explanatory drawing which shows the arrangement | positioning state of the abnormal sign state monitoring apparatus which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is a top view which shows the structure of the abnormal sign state monitoring apparatus which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is a side view which shows the structure of the abnormal sign state monitoring apparatus which concerns on the Example 3. FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the arrangement | positioning state of the conventional abnormal sign state monitoring apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

K abnormal sign state monitoring device 1,1,1, ... rod 2 wire 4 crack 10 piezoelectric ceramic body 30 piezoelectric power generation device 40 base member 41, 42 elastic support body 43, 44 steel ball 43 one steel ball 44 other steel ball 43A to 43G Steel balls 43a to 43g Steel balls 44A to 44G Steel balls 44a to 44g Steel balls 90 Sensor unit 100, 200 External force imparting device 102 Support point 105 Rotating body 202 Support point 203 Blade 205 Rotating vibrator

Claims (8)

  A plurality of rods are erected at required intervals at a place where they can collapse, a wire is stretched between the rods, one end of the wire is connected to the sensor part, and it moves when a crack occurs in the cliff where it can fall An abnormal sign state monitoring device configured to detect the amount of movement of a rod to be detected by a sensor unit and transmit the information to a remote monitoring center when the amount of movement exceeds a certain value. The power source for driving the sensor unit is constituted by a piezoelectric power generation device that generates electric power by applying strain deformation to the piezoelectric ceramic body formed in a plate shape, and the piezoelectric power generation device includes at least one piezoelectric ceramic body, The piezoelectric ceramic body is fixed to a cushion member that holds the piezoelectric ceramic body in a soft state in which the natural vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic body is not easily transmitted to other structures, a base member formed of a spring material, and a vertical portion of the base member An elastic support, and a hard steel ball fixed to both ends of the elastic support and striking the piezoelectric ceramic body to impact the piezoelectric ceramic body, and an external force is applied to one of the steel balls. Therefore, when the abnormal sign is generated by the other steel ball continuously repeating vertical vibrations due to the resonance action, the piezoelectric power generation device generates power necessary for driving the sensor unit. An abnormal sign state monitoring device characterized in that the apparatus is configured to do so.   The means for applying an external force to the one steel ball is composed of a rotating body having one end connected to the end of the wire, and the rotating body uses the shaft as a fulcrum to generate an abnormal sign. 2. The abnormal sign state monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein when the wire is pulled, the other end operates to strike the steel ball.   The length dimension from the fulcrum of the rotating body to the steel ball striking part is set to a length dimension several times larger than the length dimension from the fulcrum to the wire connection part. The abnormal sign state monitoring device described.   The elastic support has the same length from the base member and is fixed to the base member, and the steel balls fixed to both ends of the base member are also formed with substantially the same shape and weight. The abnormality sign state monitoring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   The piezoelectric power generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is configured such that a plurality of piezoelectric power generation devices are arranged in parallel in the sensor unit, and the sensor unit is operated by any one power generation amount. An abnormal sign state monitoring device characterized by the above.   The means for applying an external force to the one steel ball is constituted by a rotating vibrating body having a plurality of blades projecting around the rotating vibration body wound around the middle portion of the wire and rotating. When the wire is pulled or pulled back by the occurrence of an abnormal sign state with the shaft as a fulcrum, the blades strike the one steel ball to apply an external force to the one steel ball. Thus, when the other steel ball continuously vibrates due to the resonance action, when the abnormal sign state occurs, the piezoelectric power generation device is configured to self-generate power necessary for driving the sensor unit. The abnormal sign state monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein   A plurality of the blades project radially from a plurality of stages in the vertical direction of the rotary vibration body, and a plurality of the piezoelectric power generation devices are arranged radially around the rotation vibration body. The abnormal sign state monitoring device according to claim 6, wherein the one steel ball is provided at a position facing each of the plurality of blades in the vertical direction.   A plurality of rods are erected from the upstream to the downstream of the collapsible part, and a plurality of the wires are stretched between the plurality of rods in parallel from the upstream to the downstream of the part. The abnormal sign state monitoring device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein each one end portion is connected to each sensor portion.

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