JP2006128006A - Biomass gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system for biomass - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To stably perform carbonization, combustion and gas generation not only when woody biomass but also waste biomass such as municipal waste is included in the treatment target. Increase thermal efficiency and power generation efficiency. Solid carbon is prevented from depositing in the fuel cells in the system.
SOLUTION: A high-temperature fuel cell 14, a carbonizer 2 that receives supply of exhaust heat exhausted when the fuel cell 14 is operated and pyrolyzes and carbonizes biomass using the exhaust heat, and the carbonizer 2 Gasification furnace 3 that performs combustion and gasification of carbonized char produced by the gasification and reforming of pyrolysis gas containing tar volatilized at the time of carbonization, and the gasification gas produced in the gasification furnace 3 is dew point of water vapor And a gas purification device 22 for purification at a temperature higher than the temperature. The fuel cell 14 operates using the gasified gas purified by the gas purifier 22 as energy and supplies exhaust heat discharged during the operation to the carbonizer 2 as a heat source.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a biomass carbonized gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a gasification power generation system using biomass as a fuel, and in particular, a biomass with high water content such as agriculture, forestry, livestock, marine resources and residues thereof, building waste, food waste, sludge, etc. The present invention relates to a technique for generating electricity with high efficiency in a fuel cell using carbonized and gasified product gas.

  Woody biomass such as wood, and waste biomass such as municipal waste, waste materials, and plastic (in this specification, “biomass” is a concept that includes not only woody biomass but also waste biomass such as municipal waste. For example, if the existing power generation system using fuel as a fuel is 1 MW scale by boiler combustion, the power generation efficiency is only as low as about 10%. On the other hand, in recent years, a biomass power generation system having improved power generation efficiency has been proposed that employs a gasification power generation method. In such a power generation system, techniques such as a rotary kiln (see, for example, Patent Document 1) and a fluidized bed furnace (see, for example, Patent Document 2) developed as a waste treatment apparatus are generally used.

  Further, for example, Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for gasifying carbonized char (carbide) generated by a carbonization apparatus. In a conventional carbonization apparatus, it is common to dry or carbonize a raw material using an auxiliary fuel such as kerosene or heavy oil.

JP 2003-253274 A JP-A-10-160141 JP 2003-275732 A

  However, in the above-described prior art, biomass is gasified under a temperature condition of 600 to 1000 ° C., so that in many cases, tar is generated, and this tar is fixed to the pipe. There's a problem. Therefore, in order to prevent such trouble, a method of decomposing tar content by steam activation may be adopted, but when various types of biomass are mixed, steam at about 400 to 450 ° C is used. It is difficult to completely decompose the produced tar content. For this reason, the necessity of the work | work which wash | cleans piping etc. by a separate apparatus and removes a tar part has arisen actually, and has led to the fall of the emitted-heat amount of produced gas as a result. Further, as a method other than steam activation, a method of decomposing tar with oxygen may be adopted, but this method also leads to a decrease in the heat generation amount of the generated gas as in the case of steam. In addition, dioxins may be generated due to combustion at medium and low temperatures, and there is a problem with respect to the environment.

  Another problem is that since ash is discharged in powder form, when handling waste, it is necessary to take measures against elution of harmful components in the ash. This is not a big problem when dealing only with woody biomass, but when dealing with waste biomass such as waste materials and municipal waste, the ash may contain heavy metals. When landfilling is performed as a disposal method, there is a concern about elution. When such waste biomass is gasified by the above-described conventional technology, ash is discharged in a powdery state that is more easily eluted than slag-like ones, so when handling waste Measures must be taken against elution of ash components. Therefore, there is an example in which an apparatus such as a gasification furnace for melting ash is separately installed to slag the ash.

  On the other hand, there is a spouted bed gasifier that operates at a temperature at which tar is not generated (1100 ° C. or higher) and enables ash smelting to the pilot plant for coal. The use of a smelting furnace is expected to eliminate the problem of tar sticking. However, in this spouted bed gasifier, the fuel must be in a fine powder state of, for example, about 100 μm or less. It cannot handle woody or waste biomass that is inferior in grindability. For this reason, the biomass is usually dealt with by installing a separate device, and the size is increased accordingly and the cost is increased.

  Furthermore, when only woody biomass is used as fuel, it is difficult to secure the collection amount because it is affected by changes in seasons and weather, and from this background, there is a problem that the collection cost is high and the economy is inferior. In addition, since it is difficult to secure the collection amount, it is difficult to increase the scale of power generation, and it is difficult to realize highly efficient power generation.

  Moreover, when the gasification gas obtained by gasifying biomass fuel is refine | purified by the conventional gas purification process, there also exist the following problems. That is, when a purified gas is introduced into a high-temperature fuel cell that operates at a temperature of 500 ° C. or higher after passing through a low-temperature, wet gas purification process, the introduced fuel gas (gas Gas) is converted into solid carbon and deposited before the entrance of the fuel cell, and the carbon component is wasted. In addition, since the converted solid carbon may block the gas piping and the like and cause an operation failure of the fuel cell, there is a concern that such a failure will eventually occur. One way to prevent these problems is to supply new water vapor to the fuel cell separately using a boiler or the like. However, the generation of new steam leads to a reduction in the efficiency of the entire system. From such a viewpoint, there is no sufficient solution.

In addition, it will become as follows if the outline | summary of carbon precipitation is added here (refer FIG. 10). First, as one of criteria for determining whether or not a carbon deposition reaction is performed under a given operating condition, consider a case where the reactions of Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2 are in thermal equilibrium.
[Chemical 1]
Boudwar reaction: 2CO = C + CO ₂
[Chemical formula 2]
Shift reaction: CO + H ₂ O = H ₂ + CO ₂
FIG. 10 is a three-phase diagram in which the composition of the fuel gas is distributed at a ratio of carbon C, hydrogen H, and oxygen O. The solid line in the figure shows that the two reactions of Formula 1 and Formula 2 reach equilibrium. It is a plot of the composition. Above the solid line is a region where the reaction of Chemical Formula 1 proceeds to the right and carbon deposition proceeds. On the contrary, in the lower region, the reaction of Chemical Formula 1 proceeds to the left side and becomes a carbon non-deposited region. From FIG. 10, it can be seen that the lower the temperature, the wider the carbon precipitation range and the easier the precipitation occurs.

The three-phase diagram of FIG. 10 also shows the natural gas composition (CH ₄ ) and gasification gas composition excluding the water vapor component. In any composition, the dry composition excluding water vapor becomes a carbon precipitation region, but when natural gas is introduced into the battery, water vapor for reforming CH ₄ to H ₂ and CO is added to the natural gas. Therefore, if it considers with the wet composition containing water vapor | steam, it will become a carbon non-deposition area | region. On the other hand, when gasification gas is introduced into a battery, if gas purification is performed at a low temperature near normal temperature, water vapor in the gas condenses as water. Become. As described above, this dry composition is a carbon deposition region in terms of composition.

  The above is an overview of carbon deposition. Here, when returning to the problems in the prior art, there is also a problem that excessive heat loss is large according to the conventional low-temperature gas purification system. That is, in the conventional low-temperature gas purification method that removes the impurity components of the gasification gas, not only the sensible heat of the high-temperature gasification gas is lost during the purification, but also the latent heat is lost by the loss of the water vapor component in the gasification gas. There was also a loss. For this reason, heat and material loss during the refining process are large, and system efficiency is unavoidable. Moreover, since a condensed water vapor drainage facility is also required, there is a problem in that the equipment configuration may be complicated.

  In addition, in the case of the conventional dry gas purification system, since it is often operated at a high temperature of 400 ° C. or higher, particularly 550 ° C. or higher in accordance with the operating temperature of the molten carbonate fuel cell, the following There was a problem. That is, for example, when fuel gas such as a coal gasification furnace is targeted, since the gasification furnace is operated under a pressurized condition, the gas is passed through the dry gas purification system under the pressurized condition. However, under high temperature and high pressure conditions, the reaction activity of the impurity absorbent is improved, so the removal reaction speed is improved and the amount of the absorbent is small. On the other hand, there is a need for molten carbonate fuel cells containing sulfur compounds and halides. Therefore, there is a problem that it is impossible to remove to a low concentration, and impurities having high volatility such as low concentration mercury cannot be removed. Furthermore, since various adsorbents do not function at high temperatures, it is extremely difficult to remove dioxins.

  Furthermore, in the case of the conventional dry gas purification system, a removal process is prepared for each impurity when trying to remove various impurities such as dust, sulfur compounds, halides, mercury, and dioxins at once. There was a need to do. Moreover, in order to match the operating conditions such as the operating temperature and pressure of each process, a large number of devices such as heat exchangers and boosters are required, which leads to enlargement of facilities and increase of power and utilities related to operation, Only inefficient systems could be constructed for use in power plants.

  Therefore, the present invention can stably perform carbonization, combustion, and gas generation not only when woody biomass but also waste biomass such as municipal waste is included in the treatment target, and also with thermal efficiency and power generation. It is an object of the present invention to provide a high-efficiency biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system with high efficiency. Further, the present invention aims to deposit solid carbon in a high-temperature fuel cell as a power generation device in the system. It is another object of the present invention to provide a high-temperature fuel cell power generation system for biomass carbonization that can be prevented.

  In order to achieve this object, the present inventor has conducted various studies. First, a carbonizer for pyrolyzing biomass to separate it into powdered high-grade carbonized char (that is, carbide fuel with a high calorific value with little moisture) and pyrolysis gas, tar decomposition, gas reforming and ash content Focusing on the mechanism of generating high calorific gas in combination with a high-temperature gasification furnace that enables melting and discharging of gas, and further efficiently generating exhaust gas at the same time as generating power efficiently in a fuel cell We also focused on the mechanism to utilize. And as a result of repeated optimization and examination as a power generation system based on such attention points, it is possible to use not only woody biomass but also waste biomass such as municipal waste or waste plastic as fuel, We have come to know a system that can improve the thermal efficiency of the entire system.

  The present invention is based on such knowledge, and the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1 is configured to supply a high-temperature fuel cell and exhaust heat discharged when the fuel cell is operated. A carbonization device that thermally decomposes and carbonizes biomass using the exhaust heat, combustion and gasification of carbonized char generated by the carbonization device, and reforming of pyrolysis gas containing tar volatilized during carbonization A gasification furnace and a gas purification device for purifying the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace at a temperature higher than the dew point temperature of water vapor; and the fuel cell is produced in the gasification furnace and is a gas purification device. The refined gasification gas is operated as energy, and exhaust heat discharged at the time of operation is supplied to the carbonization apparatus as a heat source.

  In the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system, first, moisture removal and thermal decomposition of biomass are performed in a carbonization apparatus, and separated into volatile matter and carbonized char containing tar. Further, the obtained carbonized char is used as a heat source, and gasification is performed in a gasification furnace, so that the furnace temperature reaches, for example, 1100 ° C. or more, the tar content in the volatile gas is decomposed, and high heat amount heat The cracked gas can be obtained. In this respect, the technique described in Patent Document 3 described above is not such that the tar-containing gas generated during carbonization is modified using carbonized char as a heat source, and is essentially different from the present invention in this respect. It is. The biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to the present invention is characterized in that the carbonization process utilizing the exhaust heat of the system and the gasification process are integrated to achieve high-efficiency power generation without using auxiliary fuel. Is.

  Moreover, in this biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system, since the gasification gas is purified at a temperature higher than the dew point temperature of the water vapor, water vapor is contained in the purified gasification gas (fuel gas). Remains. That is, when gas purification is performed at a temperature lower than the dew point temperature, the water vapor component in the gas is reduced / insufficient, and as described above, solid carbon deposition and gas pipe blockage occur as described above. In the case of the present invention, it is possible to introduce the water vapor in the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace into the fuel cell without damaging the gas purification process.

  In general, gasified gas generated in a gasification furnace is expected to be accompanied by fluctuations in flow rate and heat quantity. For example, if a power generation device such as a gas engine or a gas turbine is installed in the subsequent stage, the power generation Fluctuations can occur outside the operating range of the device. For this reason, when these power generators are used, the feasibility of a power generation system may be difficult. On the other hand, in the present invention, a fuel cell that can widely vary the flow rate or heat amount of gasification gas is generated. Since it is incorporated as a device, there is no problem that it is difficult to establish the system as described above. That is, high-temperature fuel cells such as MCFC (molten carbonate fuel cell) and SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) incorporated in the system of the present invention are cases where the flow rate of gasification gas etc. fluctuates greatly. However, since the operation can be continued stably and with high efficiency if the gas flow rate or the calorific value variation is such that the temperature of the battery itself is kept within the operation range, a stable power generation output can be realized.

The invention according to claim 2 is that the gas purifier according to claim 1 is a dry-type purifier. There are both dry and wet gas purification devices. For example, when a wet gas purification system is used as in the prior art, it is necessary to treat the chemical solution after removing the impurity components in the gasification gas as a waste solution, Complicated equipment configuration required for waste liquid treatment and reduced operability of the gas purification system are inevitable. On the other hand, in the case of the present invention in which a so-called high-temperature type fuel cell that operates at a high temperature such as SOFC or MCFC is employed in the power generation device, the solid oxide fuel cell is melted at 900 to 1000 ° C. In order to achieve an operating temperature of 600 to 700 ° C. in a salt type fuel cell, it is effective to use a dry gas purifier after cooling the product gas to 600 ° C. or less in order to prevent sensible heat loss. In addition, in the conventional low-temperature gas purification system, the loss of latent heat is caused by the loss of the water vapor component in the gasification gas, but it is also possible to prevent such loss of latent heat. Incidentally, the melting point of molten carbonate (Li ₂ CO ₂ / K ₂ CO ₃ , Li ₂ CO ₂ / Na ₂ CO ₃ eutectic salt) used in MCFC is about 490 ° C. Therefore, in principle, the MCFC can operate at 500 ° C. or higher, but it can be said that it is desirable to operate at 580 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of the performance of the power generation device.

  Further, when performing dry gas purification, it is desirable to carry out in a temperature range that is not less than the dew point temperature of the gas to be purified and not more than the temperature of the gasification furnace generated gas (gasification gas). Furthermore, it is more desirable to keep the operating temperature in the dry gas purification apparatus at a relatively low temperature of 150 to 350 ° C. This is desirable when removing a large number of impurities from the gasification gas, considering several processes that differ for each impurity and the configuration thereof, and considering its performance, operational operability, and system feasibility. This is the operating temperature range. Moreover, in removing the impurities in the gasification gas in a relatively low temperature range as described above, a phenomenon such as a chemical reaction (chemical phenomenon) or physical adsorption (physical phenomenon) is used in the gas purification apparatus. be able to. In general, lowering the operating temperature during gas purification means (1) the lower the equilibrium composition of the chemical reaction used for purification, the lower the concentration of impurities, (2) the lower the physical adsorption, the lower the temperature. There is an advantage that

  In the case of a conventional dry refining apparatus, since it was operated at a high temperature of 400 ° C. or higher, and in some cases 550 ° C. or higher, sulfur compounds and halides can be removed to the low concentration required for molten carbonate fuel cells. In addition, there was a problem that high-volatility impurities such as low-concentration mercury could not be removed. On the other hand, if dry purification is performed within such a low temperature range, dust, sulfur compounds, halides, etc. Of course, various impurities including mercury and dioxins can be removed at once. That is, by lowering the operating temperature in the dry refining apparatus, it becomes possible to remove sulfur compounds and halides to a low concentration, and it is possible to achieve the impurity level allowed by the molten carbonate fuel cell. In short, regarding the dry gas purification system, it is possible to cope with various impurities by considering the combination with the operating temperature of the fuel cell, and it is also possible to satisfy the allowable concentration of the high temperature fuel cell. This is characteristic. In addition, the number of heat exchangers can be minimized by selecting an appropriate process while having a process corresponding to a large number of impurities, and setting the operation temperature level to a desired temperature range (preferably 150 to 350 ° C.). There is also an advantage that it becomes possible.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to the first or second aspect, the fossil fuel input means for supplying the fossil fuel to the carbonization device is provided. Is. In general, a high-moisture biomass fuel with a water content of 50% or more has a low calorific value per unit volume, and even if it is gasified using a carbonization device, the calorific value may still be low, but according to the present invention, Carbonization can be carried out by adding additional fossil fuel using the fossil fuel input means and further adding the amount of heat applied to the biomass.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a biomass gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the biomass at the stage before being introduced into the carbonizer is used as the fuel cell. It is equipped with a pretreatment system that uses exhaust heat to heat and partially dry. As described above, in general, a high water content biomass fuel having a water content of 50% or more has a low calorific value per unit volume. However, according to the present invention, the amount of water contained in the biomass fuel at the stage before being charged into the carbonizer 2 is reduced. Some can be evaporated.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, impurities that adversely affect the fuel cell are identified, and The impurity is removed until the concentration of the impurity reaches at least the allowable level of the fuel cell. Biomass gasification gas contains halogen compounds, sulfur compounds, mercury, dioxins, etc. as impurity components, so if such gasification gas is directly input to the fuel cell in the subsequent stage, the performance of the fuel cell may be degraded. However, according to the present invention, various impurities in the gasification gas are removed in advance to such an extent that the allowable concentration level of the high temperature fuel cell is reached.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the gas purification device in the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the first to fifth aspects absorbs impurities such as HCl contained in the gasification. And a high-temperature filter used under temperature conditions higher than the dew point temperature of water vapor. Thus, according to the carbonization gasification high temperature fuel cell power generation system employing the solid impurity absorbent and the high temperature filter, it is possible to configure a dry gas purification system that does not generate waste liquid or the like.

  A seventh aspect of the present invention is the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the gas performs pressure control of the gasification gas purified by the gas purification device. It is characterized by having a holder. The gas holder appropriately copes with the case where the flow rate and the amount of heat of the gasification gas fluctuate by controlling the pressure of the gasification gas after purification.

  Invention of Claim 8 supplements the shortage of the gasification gas produced | generated in a gasification furnace in the carbonization gasification high temperature type fuel cell power generation system of biomass as described in any one of Claim 1-7 Natural gas supply means is provided. According to this natural gas supply means, when the gasification gas is insufficient, the heat amount of the shortage can be supplemented with the natural gas.

  A ninth aspect of the present invention is the biomass gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, wherein the combustor is supplied to the cathode after burning the anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell. And a reformer that reforms the gas using the combustion heat of the combustor when reforming of the gas supplied to the anode of the fuel cell is necessary. It is characterized in that not only the later gasification gas but also natural gas can be used supplementarily. In general, the current fuel cell system has a configuration assuming only a specific fuel, such as natural gas for natural gas and biomass gasification gas for biomass gasification gas. According to the gasification high temperature fuel cell power generation system, it is possible to cope with various fuels although it is one system.

  The invention according to claim 10 is the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein methane components are generated from hydrogen and carbon monoxide components in the gasification gas. It is characterized by having a methane generator. For example, when an internal reforming type high temperature fuel cell is used, it is necessary to increase the methane concentration in the gasification gas, but the gasification gas in the currently used biomass power generation system satisfies the requirements. A methane concentration as high as that cannot be secured. In this regard, according to the present invention, it is possible to generate a methane component from hydrogen and carbon monoxide components in the gasification gas, so that it can be applied to an internal reforming fuel cell. Become.

  The invention described in claim 11 is a biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, and has an air blowing configuration for supplying combustion air to the gasification furnace. It is that.

  The invention according to claim 12 is the carbonization char obtained by carbonizing biomass in the gasification furnace in the high-temperature fuel cell power generation system for carbonizing and biomassing biomass according to any one of claims 1 to 11. Combustion and gasification are performed as fuel, tar is decomposed at a temperature of 1100 ° C. or higher, and the pyrolysis gas is reformed.

  The invention according to claim 13 is the carbonization char obtained by carbonizing biomass in the gasification furnace in the high-temperature fuel cell power generation system for carbonizing and biomassing biomass according to any one of claims 1 to 12. Combustion and gasification are performed as fuel, and the ash content in the carbonized char is melted to form slag.

  The invention described in claim 14 is the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell and the gas generated in the gasification furnace By exchanging heat with the gasification gas, not only the heat used for carbonization of biomass in the carbonizer is recovered from the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell, but also the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace It is also equipped with a heat exchanger that recovers the waste.

  The invention according to claim 15 is the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein a plurality of carbonization devices are arranged, and a time difference is provided between the operation cycles of the carbonization devices. It is something that is operated by rotation.

  The biomass gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust heat discharged from the fuel cell is kept directly at a high temperature of, for example, about 600 to 700 ° C or directly into the carbonization apparatus. The waste heat from the system is effectively utilized in the system, such as by efficiently utilizing the amount of heat of the waste heat and pyrolyzing and carbonizing the biomass without using other auxiliary fuel. For this reason, the thermal efficiency of the entire system is high, and it is not necessary to use auxiliary fuel as in the case of the conventional device. Therefore, highly efficient power generation that is extremely efficient than the conventional system is realized, and the system is also preferable in terms of impact on the environment. .

  Further, in this system, the system exhaust heat (that is, the exhaust heat of the fuel cell) is effectively utilized in the carbonization apparatus, and the biomass fuel is subjected to a pyrolysis action and a stirring action when passing through the carbonization apparatus. It becomes a fine powder. Moreover, for example, the carbonization apparatus to which exhaust heat of about 600 to 700 ° C. is supplied maintains the temperature in the apparatus at about 500 to 600 ° C., thereby sufficiently evaporating the moisture of the biomass fuel, and the calorific value with almost no moisture. Can be converted into a high-quality carbide fuel, that is, a high-grade carbide fuel (carbonized char). However, even if the biomass fuel is made into fine powder as described above, it is actually difficult to carry out uniform pulverization, but it becomes a powder with a certain particle size distribution, but there is no problem in gasification It is possible to finely pulverize sufficiently. In short, the carbonization apparatus that has made full use of the high system exhaust heat is equivalent to the drying process and the grinding process, and does not require a separate grinding apparatus.

  Also, in the gasification furnace, high quality carbonized char obtained in the carbonizer is used for combustion and gasification, so that the furnace temperature can reach the tar decomposition temperature or higher. is there. In this case, since the tar content in the gas can be decomposed in the gasification furnace, it is possible to avoid the trouble that the tar content adheres to the pipe. For this reason, there is no need for extra troubles such as cleaning the piping with a separate device to remove the tar content, and the conventional tar decomposition device that had to be attached to the gasification furnace is omitted. It is possible to reduce the size and cost. In addition, when such a high furnace temperature is realized, it is possible to suppress the generation of dioxins during combustion, so it is an environmentally friendly ecological waste and industrial waste treatment device. Will be able to play a role as. In addition, since there is no need to activate steam or decompose the tar content with oxygen when combustion is performed in the furnace, there is no possibility of causing a decrease in the calorific value of the product gas.

  In addition, since a gasification furnace capable of reaching a high temperature inside the furnace can be realized in this way, the ash can be melted in the furnace and discharged in the form of slag with little risk of elution. In such a case, there is no need to worry about the ash content of waste biomass leaching after landfill, and it becomes possible to handle waste biomass as fuel in addition to conventional woody biomass. There is no need to slag. Therefore, according to the present invention, the wood biomass and the waste biomass can be mixed and handled as fuel. As a result, the amount of biomass collected can be secured more than when only wood biomass is handled as in the past. Will be easier and will not be affected by the season or weather. In this way, if the collection amount of woody biomass can be easily secured by complementing the collection amount of woody biomass with waste-based biomass, labor for collection can be saved, and the collection cost can be reduced accordingly. Moreover, when waste biomass such as municipal waste or waste plastic is reverse-charged (that is, a fee is required to get it collected), it is generally more economical than handling only woody biomass with a high collection cost. The sex will be further improved. Moreover, as a result of securing the collection amount in this way, it becomes possible to stabilize the power generation output, and it becomes easy to expand the scale of power generation as a whole system, and further efficient power generation is realized by a synergistic effect. Easy environment. Needless to say, when the ash is melted and slagged, it is possible to provide an environmentally friendly and ecological waste treatment facility.

  In this way, the gasification furnace that can simultaneously realize the two actions of gasifying carbonized char in the furnace, simultaneously decomposing tar, and melting ash into slag. Has not existed in the past, and according to the biomass gasification high temperature fuel cell power generation system of biomass according to the present invention, by simultaneously realizing these two actions, high efficiency and space saving can be achieved simultaneously. be able to. Further, in addition to such a synergistic effect, the biomass fuel can be pulverized by the carbonization apparatus as described above, and therefore, in the high-temperature fuel cell power generation system for biomass gasification according to the present invention, another pulverization apparatus Therefore, it is not necessary to actively pulverize the fuel, and woody biomass and waste biomass can be handled as fuel regardless of whether the pulverization is good or not. As a result, the entire system can be further reduced in size, which leads to further cost reduction.

  In addition, according to the biomass carbonization gasification high temperature fuel cell power generation system of the present invention that performs gas purification at a temperature higher than the dew point temperature of water vapor, the water vapor in the gasification gas generated from the gasification furnace is not impaired. It can be introduced into a fuel cell. In such a case, since gasified gas having a large water vapor component is introduced into the fuel cell, it is possible to prevent the precipitation of solid carbon in the fuel cell. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the converted solid carbon from blocking the gas pipe and the like and causing an operation failure of the fuel cell. In addition, according to the present system, it is not necessary to separately supply new water vapor to the fuel cell, so it is not necessary to provide a boiler or the like, and since no new steam is generated, the efficiency of the entire system may be reduced. There is no advantage. In addition, since the purification is performed at a temperature higher than the dew point temperature of the water vapor, water vapor is not generated in the purification process because the water vapor in the gas is not condensed. For this reason, it is not necessary to provide a separate drainage facility.

  In addition, the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to the present invention has an advantage that heat loss is small as compared with the conventional low-temperature gas purification system. In other words, according to this system that removes the impurity components of the gasification gas at a temperature higher than the dew point temperature and employs a high-temperature fuel cell for the power generation device, the sensible heat of the high-temperature gasification gas is being purified. It is possible to prevent the loss of latent heat, and the loss of latent heat can be prevented because the water vapor component in the gasification gas is not lost. For this reason, heat and material loss during the purification process are smaller than in the conventional method, and a reduction in system efficiency can be prevented.

  Moreover, according to the biomass gasification high temperature fuel cell power generation system of biomass according to claim 2 using a dry refining device, loss of latent heat can be further prevented. That is, in the conventional low-temperature gas purification method, the loss of water vapor component in the gasification gas has also caused a loss of latent heat, whereas in the present invention, a high temperature condition of 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 120 ° C. or higher. Under the gas purification process, there is no latent heat loss of water vapor, and there is little heat and material loss during gas purification. In addition, there is an advantage that drainage is not required because drainage is not required.

  According to the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to claim 3, for example, when a high water content biomass fuel having a water content of 50% or more is to be carbonized, the fossil fuel is additionally supplied to the carbonizer. Can increase the amount of heat applied to the biomass. In such a case, the amount of heat generated by the fossil fuel is added to the exhaust heat of the fuel cell, so that the moisture contained in the biomass can be further evaporated. In such a case, the amount of heat per unit volume of the gasification gas generated in the subsequent gasification furnace is improved. As a result, it is possible to improve the thermal efficiency and power generation efficiency of the entire system.

  According to the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to claim 4, the biomass is heated at a stage before being introduced into the carbonization apparatus by using a pretreatment system that uses exhaust heat of the fuel cell. Then it can be partially dried. According to this, even if it is biomass with high water content, it becomes possible to further improve the amount of heat per unit volume of the gasification gas produced after that by pre-processing and reducing the water content. .

  According to the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to claim 5, since impurities that adversely affect the fuel cell are removed in advance, the performance of the fuel cell is affected by these impurities. It becomes possible to suppress.

  According to the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to claim 6, it is possible to configure a dry gas purification system that does not generate waste liquid by adopting a solid impurity absorbent and a high-temperature filter. It is.

  Further, according to the biomass carbonization gasification high temperature fuel cell power generation system according to claim 7, which is provided with a gas holder and realizes a combination with a high temperature fuel cell, the fuel cell itself is a gas engine, a gas turbine or the like. In addition to having a wider range of response to fluctuations in flow rate and heat quantity compared to other power generators, battery output fluctuations can be suppressed as much as possible, for example, by pressure control when fluctuations in gas flow rate or gas heat quantity occur. Therefore, the output can be further stabilized.

  According to the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to claim 8, the load response of the battery can be satisfied by compensating the shortage of gasification gas with natural gas. By doing so, for example, even when the required electrical output is insufficient with only the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace, the electrical output can be compensated by compensating for the shortage of gas.

  According to the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to claim 9, since not only purified gasification gas but also natural gas can be used supplementarily as fuel gas for the fuel cell. Although it is one system, it can handle various fuels. In other words, the current fuel cell system is configured assuming only specific fuel, for example, only natural gas for natural gas and only biomass gasification gas for biomass gasification gas. In general, the configuration does not correspond to fuel, but the present system has an advantage that it can support various fuels.

  According to the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to claim 10, since the methane generator is provided, the methane concentration in the gasification gas can be increased. For this reason, it can be effectively used as a heat source for raising the temperature of the fuel, oxidant gas, and battery exhaust gas that introduces the generated heat into the fuel cell inlet.

  According to the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to claim 11, since it is configured to blow air to supply combustion air to the gasification furnace, no oxygen production power is required, and in-house power is reduced. It will be greatly reduced. In addition, there is an advantage that the equipment cost is low because the oxygen equipment is not required.

  Furthermore, according to the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to claim 12, combustion and gasification are performed using carbonized char obtained by carbonizing biomass as fuel, and tar volatilized during carbonization is obtained. By reliably decomposing at a temperature of 1100 ° C. or higher, which is the tar decomposition temperature, and reforming the pyrolysis gas, it is possible to avoid the trouble that the tar component is fixed to the pipe.

  According to the biomass gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to claim 13, combustion and gasification are performed using carbonized char obtained by carbonizing biomass as fuel, and ash content in the carbonized char is positively increased. Since it is melted into slag, there is no need to worry about the elution of harmful components in ash, and no countermeasures against this are required. For example, waste containing ash content of 5% or more needs to be slagted in consideration of the environment, and according to the carbonized high temperature fuel cell power generation system according to the present invention, it is melted to slag. Can do. On the other hand, for example, cedar chips with an ash content of about 1% do not need to be melted by creating a high temperature, and are taken out from the gasifier outlet together with the product gas in the form of fly ash and captured by a downstream gas purifier. It is enough if you gather. In short, according to this biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system, either the operation with melting ash or non-melting operation can be selected using the same furnace, depending on the amount of ash in the fuel. It is possible and can be characteristic in this respect.

  According to the carbonized gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system of biomass according to claim 14, the heat used for biomass carbonization is recovered not only from the exhaust heat of the fuel cell but also from the produced gas generated from the gasification furnace. Therefore, higher thermal efficiency can be realized.

  Furthermore, according to the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to claim 15, the carbonization char and the pyrolysis gas are continuously supplied to the gasification furnace by operating a plurality of carbonization apparatuses in rotation. Is possible.

  Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

  1 to 4 show an embodiment of the present invention. The biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 according to the present invention enables not only woody biomass but also waste biomass such as municipal waste to be pyrolyzed and carbonized in a state where the biomass is included in the fuel. The carbonization device 2, the gasification furnace 3 that performs combustion and gasification of carbonized char generated by the carbonization device 2, the gas generated by the gasification furnace 3 operates as energy, generates electric power, and is discharged during the operation It is comprised as a system provided with the fuel cell 14 which sends the waste heat to perform to the carbonization apparatus 2 (refer FIG. 1). In addition to this, the biomass carbonization gasification high temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 of the present embodiment purifies the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace 3 at a temperature higher than the dew point temperature of water vapor. The apparatus is also provided (see FIG. 1). In FIG. 2, in addition to the reference numerals assigned to the respective devices and the like, a small number is also given in the middle of each route to express the route order. This number also indicates that the route with the same number is the same route in order to avoid complication of the route in the figure. For example, the route before and after the heat exchanger 9 at the upper right in FIG. And 11) are the same paths as the paths before and after the heat exchanger shown immediately below the carbonizer 2 (reference numerals 10 and 11).

  The biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 according to the present invention includes not only woody biomass and the like, but also broadly includes waste biomass that enters dirty categories such as municipal waste, It was developed to realize a new system by integrating various technologies related to gasification, gas purification, and high-temperature fuel cells, thereby meeting the needs of local governments, etc. is there. A carbonized gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 shown below is a system including a high-temperature fuel cell 14 as a power generation device as shown in FIG. Is used as a concept that includes not only woody biomass but also waste biomass such as municipal waste). It can be divided into three units: a “gasifier unit” (indicated by symbol A), a “fuel gas optimization unit” (indicated by symbol B), and a “high-temperature fuel cell unit” (indicated by symbol C). . Below, the outline | summary of each unit A, B, and C is demonstrated first, and suppose that each part is demonstrated in detail after that.

  The normal pressure, high temperature gasifier unit A is a unit including a carbonizer (hereinafter also referred to as “carbonizer”) 2, a gasifier 3, heat exchangers 9 and 17, and the like. The carbonizer 2 is an apparatus that thermally decomposes and carbonizes biomass by using exhaust heat of exhaust gas that is discharged when the fuel cell 14 is operated. Thus, by using a system that effectively uses sensible heat of exhaust gas, for example, It is possible to include high-moisture biomass (as an example, water content of 50% or more).

  The fuel gas optimizing unit B purifies the gasified gas and sends it as a fuel gas to the high-temperature fuel cell 14, and in addition, hydrogen chloride, sulfur compounds, mercury, dioxins, and dust (dust). This unit also removes impurities contained in the gasification gas to at least the allowable concentration level of the high-temperature fuel cell 14 (see FIG. 1 and the like). Here, it is preferable that the gas purification process in the gas purification apparatus 5 be a high temperature and dry type. That is, there are both dry and wet gas purification equipment, but so-called high-temperature fuel cells that operate at high temperatures, such as SOFC (solid oxide fuel cells) and MCFC (molten carbonate fuel cells), are adopted. In this case, since the operating temperature is 900 ° C. to 1000 ° C. for SOFC and 600 ° C. to 700 ° C. for MCFC, it is obvious to use a dry gas purifier after cooling the product gas to 600 ° C. or lower. This is effective in preventing heat loss. In addition, the low temperature and wet gas purification process may cause problems such as shortage of water vapor in the gasification gas and conversion of the fuel gas to solid carbon in front of the fuel cell 14 entrance. In the case of the dry type, the water vapor in the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace 3 can be introduced into the fuel cell 14 without being impaired. Moreover, such a dry purification process is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing the loss of sensible heat of water vapor in the gas. In addition, the conventional low-temperature gas purification system has also caused a loss of latent heat due to the loss of the water vapor component in the gasification gas, but such a loss of latent heat can also be prevented, This is a desirable mode from the viewpoint of effective use of heat.

  The high-temperature fuel cell unit C is a unit configured by the reformer 12, the combustor 13, and the like in addition to the high-temperature fuel cell 14 (see FIG. 1). The fuel cell 14 in the present embodiment is provided as a power generation device in which the linkage with the normal pressure and high-temperature gasifier unit A is enhanced. That is, the fuel cell 14 is connected to the carbonizer 2 by an exhaust gas supply path indicated by reference numeral 26, and the high temperature exhaust gas generated in the fuel cell 14 is provided directly or in the middle as shown in FIG. The sensible heat of the exhaust gas is effectively used for the thermal decomposition and carbonization of the biomass that is supplied to the carbonizer 2 after passing through the heat exchanger. As the high-temperature fuel cell 14, one that operates at a high temperature, such as SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) or MCFC (molten carbonate fuel cell), is applied.

  Then, each part of the carbonization gasification high temperature type fuel cell power generation system 1 of biomass is demonstrated (refer FIG. 2 etc.).

  The carbonizer 2 is an apparatus that receives supply of exhaust gas that is discharged when the fuel cell 14 in the subsequent stage operates, and performs thermal decomposition and carbonization of biomass using exhaust heat that the exhaust gas has. The carbonizer 2 of this embodiment is connected to the fuel cell 14 by an exhaust gas supply path 26 in order to receive direct supply of the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell 14, and the sensible heat of the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 14 The system achieves high thermal efficiency by making effective use of it. Here, for example, the carbonizer 2 of the present embodiment has a two-layer structure including an inner cylinder portion that pyrolyzes and carbonizes biomass and an outer cylinder portion that surrounds the inner cylinder portion (see FIG. 2 and the like). The exhaust gas supplied as a heat source is fed into the outer cylinder part, and the biomass fuel in the inner cylinder part of the carbonizer 2 is indirectly heated and thermally decomposed from the outside. The outer cylinder part of the carbonizer 2 has a vertical and annular cylinder shape, and high-temperature exhaust gas of, for example, about 600 ° C. is introduced into the space part to perform carbonization by external heating. On the other hand, although not particularly illustrated, the inner cylinder portion has a rotating blade, and by rotating the rotating blade, fuel is pressed against the inner wall to improve heat transfer and increase carbonization efficiency. As the carbonizer 2 suitable for the present system, for example, an ultra-high speed carbonizer can be cited, but this is only an example of a suitable carbonizer 2, and other devices such as an externally heated cylindrical rotary kiln can be used. It is also possible to apply.

  According to the carbonizer 2 of the present embodiment having the above-described structure, system exhaust heat (that is, sensible heat of exhaust gas supplied as a heat source from the fuel cell 14 through the above-described exhaust gas supply path 26) is used to produce fuel (biomass ) Is indirectly pyrolyzed, so that a high quality carbonized char, that is, a carbide fuel with little heat and a high calorific value can be generated. In this case, the thermal decomposition time depends on the type of biomass used as a raw material and the water content in the biomass. For example, if an exhaust gas at about 600 ° C. is used, carbonization can be performed in about 30 minutes to 1 hour. Is possible. Therefore, in actuality, a plurality (or a plurality of systems) of carbonizers (carbonizers) 2 are arranged according to the time required for carbonization, the operation cycle of each carbonizer 2 is provided with a time difference, and the gasifier is operated by rotation. It is preferable that the carbonized char and pyrolysis gas can be continuously supplied to 3 (see FIG. 4). In general, the carbonization process in the carbonizer 2 involves a certain amount of variation in terms of the amount of vaporization and the like, but it is possible to mitigate this variation by assembling rotation with a plurality of apparatuses.

  The carbonizer 2 is connected to a raw material bunker (not shown) for introducing biomass as a raw material into the carbonizer 2. Biomass fuel such as a woody biomass raw material or a raw material in which the woody biomass and waste biomass are mixed is first charged into the raw material bunker, and then sequentially supplied into the carbonizer 2.

  The gasification furnace 3 combusts and gasifies carbonized char produced by the carbonizer 2, reforms the pyrolysis gas containing tar volatilized during carbonization in the carbonizer 2, and ash content in the fuel. For example, in the present embodiment, the furnace is installed as the only furnace in the carbonized gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 for melting and slagging. However, when the carbonized gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 becomes a large facility exceeding, for example, 50,000 kW, a plurality of gasification furnaces 3 are installed and connected by a gas turbine. It is possible to change the number and structure according to the form and scale.

  The furnace outlet temperature in such a gasification furnace 3 is determined by the calorific value and input amount of carbonized char and the input air amount. For example, in the present embodiment, in addition to using high quality (that is, almost no moisture and high calorific value) carbonized char obtained when carbonizing biomass as fuel, the calorific value and input amount of the char char A relatively large amount of air is introduced by the air blower 20, carbonized char and pyrolysis gas are introduced at a temperature of at least about 400 ° C., and the moisture in the biomass fuel is already added in a state where water vapor is 400 ° C. or higher. By doing so, it is possible to reach the temperature of the lower stage in the furnace to a temperature of 1100 ° C. or higher, and in some cases 1500 ° C. As described above, in the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 of the present embodiment in which the temperature in the gasification furnace 3 reaches a high temperature of 1100 ° C., which is the tar decomposition temperature, or higher, the carbonizer 2 Volatile matter (pyrolysis gas) containing tar volatilized at the time of carbonization in is reformed in the upper or lower part (gas reforming part) of the gasification furnace 3. In other words, the tar content contained in the pyrolysis gas will be decomposed under high temperature conditions using the high heat in the lower part of the furnace (gasification and melting part), and the trouble that these tar content sticks to the piping etc. Can be avoided. As described above, the gasification furnace 3 of the present embodiment performs high-temperature combustion in the lower part of the furnace (gasification melting part) to melt the ash content of the fuel, and at the same time uses the heat to convert the upper part of the furnace (gas reforming part). In other words, the reforming of the pyrolysis gas is performed in a single unit so that it can perform a dual function. Incidentally, 1100 ° C. is a desirable temperature from the viewpoint of more reliably suppressing tar generation by decomposing tar, and tar generation can be suppressed even at a lower temperature. However, conventional systems such as fluidized bed gasifiers and fixed bed gasifiers, in principle, could not be operated in this temperature range, whereas the biomass carbonized gasification high temperature fuel of this embodiment The battery power generation system 1 is characterized in that the furnace temperature can be set to 1100 ° C. or higher by the above-described unique configuration.

The specific chemical reaction in the gasification furnace 3 is difficult to specify because it is difficult to specify the tar component, but the following is an example by chemical formula.
[Chemical formula 3]
C ₁₀ H ₂₀ → C ₁₀ H ₈ + 6H ₂
[Chemical formula 4]
C ₁₀ H ₂₀ → 5/8 C ₁₀ H ₈ + 15 / 4CH ₄
[Chemical formula 5]
C ₁₀ H ₂₀ → 5 / 2C ₄ H ₈
[Chemical 6]
C ₁₀ H ₈ → 4 / 3C ₆ H ₆ + 2C
[Chemical 7]
C ₆ H ₆ → 6C + 3H ₂
[Chemical 8]
C ₄ H ₈ → 2C ₂ H ₄
[Chemical 9]
3C ₂ H ₄ → C ₆ H ₆ + 3H ₂
[Chemical Formula 10]
CH ₄ + 1 / 2O ₂ → CO + 2H ₂
[Chemical 11]
CH ₄ + H ₂ O → CO + 3H ₂

  In addition, in the gasification furnace 3 of the present embodiment, since such a high furnace temperature is achieved, not only the tar content in the pyrolysis gas is decomposed but also used as fuel. It is possible to dissolve the ash content of the carbonized char itself at a high temperature to form slag. That is, for example, if waste biomass is mixed with woody biomass and burned, heavy metals may be contained in the ash as described above, but slag is also dissolved by dissolving the ash as in this embodiment. If it can be made, it becomes possible to discharge the ash in a state where there is no or little risk of elution, which is also advantageous in that it is not necessary to take special measures against elution of components in the ash.

  Further, a tar / pyrolysis gas supply path 27 and a carbonized char supply path 28 are installed between the gasifier 3 and the carbonizer 2 (see FIGS. 1 and 2). The former tar / pyrolysis gas supply path 27 is a flow path for supplying tar and pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonizer 2 to the gasification furnace 3, and the latter carbonized char supply path 28 is in the carbonizer 2. 2 is a flow path for supplying the char char generated in step 1 to the gasification furnace 3. Although not specifically shown, for example, in the present embodiment, a charred char supply path 28 using a screw is connected to the lower part of the carbonizer 2, and the supplied char char is used as a fuel for combustion and gasification, so that the lower part in the furnace in particular. The temperature in the (gasification and melting portion) is set to a high temperature, and a high temperature gas of 1500 ° C. or higher is generated by, for example, supplying air excessively at 1100 ° C. or higher. On the other hand, in the upper part of the furnace (gas reforming part), the high-temperature gas is used as a heat source to decompose the tar component thermally decomposed by the preceding carbonizer 2 to perform gas reforming. The gas generated in the gasification furnace 3 as described above is sent to the cooler 4 at the subsequent stage.

  The cooler 4 is a device for cooling the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace 3 (see FIG. 2). For example, in the case of this embodiment, as described above, the gasification gas delivered from the gasification furnace 3 in a high temperature state (for example, about 1100 ° C.) is heat-exchanged with running water to about 350 ° C., for example. To cool down. The cooled gasification gas is sent to the subsequent fuel gas optimization unit B and purified (see FIGS. 1 and 2).

  The gas purification device 22 is a device for purifying the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace 3. For example, in the case of the present embodiment, the halide removal device 5, the dust filter 6, the impurity filter 7, It is comprised by the precision refinement | purification apparatus 10 grade | etc., (Refer FIG. 2). Here, in this embodiment, when purifying gasification gas with the gas purification apparatus 22, it refine | purifies at temperature higher than the dew point temperature of water vapor | steam. That is, if gas purification is performed at a temperature below the dew point, the water vapor component in the gas may be insufficient due to partial condensation (liquefaction). However, if purification is performed at a temperature higher than the dew point as in this embodiment, gas purification is performed. In this process, the water vapor in the gasification gas can be put into the fuel cell 14 and used effectively without impairing the water vapor. In such a case, it is possible to effectively suppress the carbon deposition in the fuel cell 14 as in the conventional case, and if the carbon deposition is suppressed, it is possible to prevent the gas pipe from being blocked. Connected. In addition, since there is no need for condensed water vapor drainage facilities, there is an additional effect that the equipment configuration and investment for the facilities can be reduced. Based on the above, in other words, the temperature during purification here means a temperature sufficient to suppress carbon deposition without impairing the water vapor component. It can be said that the temperature is 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 120 ° C. or higher.

  In addition, as a method for gas purification, dry and wet can be selected. However, in the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 configured as in this embodiment, dry gas purification may be performed. desirable. That is, as described above, in the present embodiment, the high-temperature fuel cell 14 is employed as the power generator, and therefore it is not necessary to greatly reduce the temperature of the gas supplied to the fuel cell 14. Therefore, if dry gas purification is performed and the fuel gas is supplied to the fuel cell 14 while maintaining a high temperature, it is effective in the sense that loss of sensible heat can be prevented. In short, the conventional low-temperature gas purification method not only lost the sensible heat of the high-temperature gasification gas during purification, but also caused the loss of latent heat due to the loss of the water vapor component in the gasification gas. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, as described above, the gasification gas can be supplied while maintaining a high temperature. Therefore, heat and material loss during the purification process can be suppressed as much as possible, and a decrease in system efficiency can be avoided. An effect that was not possible in the past can be achieved.

  Then, each apparatus which comprises the gas purification apparatus 22 is demonstrated sequentially. For example, in this embodiment, in order to remove impurities in the gasification gas such as hydrogen chloride, dust, sulfur compounds, mercury, and dioxins, the above-described halide remover 5, dust filter 6, and impurity filter are used. 7. The gas purifier 22 is constituted by the precision purifier 10 and the like. By the way, if a wet gas purification system is used, there is an inconvenience that it is necessary to treat the chemical solution after removing the impurity components in the gasification gas as a waste solution. Gas purification is performed in a dry manner, thereby avoiding a complicated equipment configuration required for waste liquid treatment and a decrease in efficiency of the gas purification system. In addition, any filter that can be used in the gas purifier 22 for impurity separation should be one that can be used in a high-temperature atmosphere, so that the purification can be performed sufficiently in the dry purification process at a high temperature. To be implemented.

  Among the devices constituting the gas purification device 22, the halide remover 5 is installed as a device for removing halides in the gasification gas (see FIG. 2). The halide remover 5 is supplied with a halide absorbent as an impurity absorbent for absorbing a halide (for example, HCl) (see FIG. 2).

  The dust filter 6 is a filter for removing dust (dust) in the gasification gas. As described above, since the temperature during the purification process is set higher than the dew point temperature in this embodiment, the gas temperature in the dust filter 6 is also at least 100 ° C., preferably 120 ° C. However, there is no limit to the upper limit of the temperature, and it goes without saying that the gas temperature is appropriately limited to a certain value or less depending on the material and the like. As an example, the gas temperature when the dust filter 6 is made of Teflon (registered trademark of DuPont, polytetrafluoroethylene) is 180 ° C. or less.

The impurity filter 7 is an apparatus for removing unnecessary components in the gasification gas using the built-in activated carbon. The components to be removed by the impurity filter 7 are, for example, dioxins, Hg (mercury), and H ₂ S (sulfur compound) (see FIG. 2). The gasified gas that has passed through the impurity filter 7 is brought into a pressurized state of, for example, about 1.5 atm by the purified gas blower 8 and further sent out to the heat exchanger 9 in the preceding stage (see FIG. 2). As shown in the figure, the heat exchanger 9 exchanges heat between the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell 14 and passing through the carbonizer 2 and the gasified gas after passing through the impurity filter 7. Is to do. The gasified gas that has passed through the impurity filter 7 is heated to, for example, about 300 ° C. by the heat exchanger 9 and then sent to the precision purifier 10.

The precision refining apparatus 10 is an apparatus for further removing unnecessary components (impurities) in the gasification gas. In configuring the precision purification apparatus 10 (or the gas purification apparatus 22 including the same), impurities that adversely affect the fuel cell 14 are specified, and the concentration of impurities in the gasification gas is at least an allowable level of the fuel cell 14. Needless to say, the structure should be such that the impurities can be removed. For example, when HCl, HF, COS, H ₂ S and the like are contained as impurities in the gasification gas, the precision purification apparatus 10 includes, for example, a halide precision remover 10a, a COS converter 10b, and desulfurization. It can be composed of a plurality of devices such as a container 10c (see FIG. 3). The gasification gas purified by such a precision purification apparatus 10 is heated by the heat exchanger 11 at the subsequent stage. The heat exchanger 11 performs heat exchange between a high-temperature (for example, about 660 ° C.) exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell 14 and the gasification gas, and the gasification gas is heated to, for example, about 600 ° C. To the reformer 12 (see FIG. 2).

The reformer 12 is a device for performing a necessary reforming process on the gas (fuel gas) supplied to the fuel cell 14 (see FIG. 2). However, if the gasification gas is refined into the fuel gas as in the present embodiment and the required H ₂ or CO ₂ is already contained in the gasification gas, reforming is performed at this stage. Therefore, the reformer 12 of this embodiment may not function as a reformer. However, the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 has a configuration in which not only purified gasification gas is supplied as fuel gas, but also natural gas is supplementarily supplied. Sometimes taken. Therefore, in this embodiment, in any case, such a reformer 12 is installed in the front stage of the fuel cell 14, and the biomass gasification high temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 has any configuration. Can be handled flexibly (see FIG. 2). The current general fuel cell system has a configuration that assumes only a specific fuel (natural gas, biomass gasification gas, etc.), and is not configured to support various fuels with one system. In this embodiment, as described above, both biomass gasified gas and natural gas can be handled, and the system can operate in either case.

  Further, in the present embodiment, means for supplying necessary steam to the reformer 12 is provided (see FIG. 2). That is, as described above, in this embodiment in which gas purification is performed at a temperature higher than at least the dew point temperature of water vapor, it is possible to send the water vapor into the fuel cell 14 without damaging the water vapor as much as possible. Even if the water vapor in this gas is insufficient, it is possible to cope with the possibility of supplying steam separately. The configuration of the steam supply means in this case is not particularly limited. For example, as in this embodiment, the steam supply path from the waste heat recovery boiler 16 to the gasification furnace 3 is branched in the middle of the reformer. If it is configured to be able to supply the necessary steam to 12, it can be made efficient and small (see FIG. 2).

  The combustor 13 is a device that burns the anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell 14 and then supplies the burned gas to the cathode (see FIG. 2). Inside the combustor 13, for example, catalytic combustion using a catalyst is performed, and thereby oxygen or the like necessary for the reaction in the fuel cell 14 is generated and supplied to the cathode of the fuel cell 14. In the present embodiment, the combustor 13 and the reformer 12 are configured to form a single heat exchanger. That is, the combustion heat in the combustor 13 is transmitted to the reformer 12, and the heat efficiency is improved by using the combustion heat for reforming (see FIG. 2). In addition, in the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1, a device for supplying combustion air to the combustor 13 is separately provided. For example, in the present embodiment, the combustion air is supplied to the combustor 13 by using the air blower 20 that is supplied after the pressure is increased to about 1.5 atm (see FIG. 2). The air blower 20 of the present embodiment is used as a device that supplies air not only to the combustor 13 but also to the gasification furnace 3.

  The fuel cell 14 is a power generation device that generates electricity by using the gasified gas generated and purified in the above-described process as energy. Specifically, the fuel cell 14 is a SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) or MCFC (molten carbon dioxide). A battery that operates at a high temperature such as a salt type fuel cell is applied. Further, as described above, the fuel cell 14 is configured such that the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell 14 is directly supplied as a heat source to the carbonizer 2 through the exhaust gas supply path 26 (see FIG. 2 and the like). ). In this case, the exhaust gas supply path 26 may be directly connected to the carbonizer 2. However, as described above, in the present embodiment, the heat exchanger 11 is provided in the middle of the exhaust gas supply path 26 and purified by the gas purification device 22. This gas is heated to about 600 ° C. using the high temperature exhaust gas from the fuel cell 14 (see FIG. 2). In the present embodiment, the form in which the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 14 is recovered as a form of exhaust heat utilization is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, steam that has exchanged heat with the exhaust gas is used. It is possible to take a form such as using exhaust heat as a medium.

  In the present embodiment, the fuel cell 14 is provided with a cathode blower 15. The cathode blower 15 boosts a part of the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell 14 and sends it again to the cathode of the fuel cell 14 (see FIG. 2). The portion of the high-temperature exhaust gas of the fuel cell 14 that is not sent to the cathode blower 15 is sent to the outer cylinder portion of the carbonizer 2 after passing through the heat exchanger 11 described above. The exhaust gas indirectly heats the biomass fuel from the outside, and is then sent to the heat exchanger 9 and further sent to another heat exchanger 17 installed in the subsequent stage (see FIG. 2).

  In the heat exchanger 17, heat exchange is performed between the exhaust gas after heat exchange with the carbonizer 2 and the air before being supplied to the gasification furnace 3 (see FIG. 2). This air is the air supplied to the gasification furnace 3 from the air blower 20 described above. For example, in the case of this embodiment, after being heated (preheated) to about 250 ° C. in the heat exchanger 17. It is supplied to the lower part of the gasification furnace 3 (gasification melting part), and in some cases, is further supplied to the upper part of the furnace (gas reforming part) (see FIG. 2). In the present embodiment, the so-called air blowing configuration for supplying air to the gasification furnace 3 is used, but the so-called oxygen blowing configuration for supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air instead of combustion air is used. Is also possible. As described above, the exhaust gas after the air is heated by the heat exchanger 17 is further sent to the waste heat recovery boiler 16.

  The waste heat recovery boiler 16 is an apparatus that recovers waste heat from exhaust gas and generates steam using the recovered heat (see FIG. 2). For example, the waste heat recovery boiler 16 of the present embodiment heats water to generate steam at about 150 ° C., supplies this steam to the lower part (gasification melting part) of the gasification furnace 3, and It supplies to the reformer 12 mentioned above as needed. Further, a water supply pump 18 for supplying water to the waste heat recovery boiler 16 is installed (see FIG. 2).

  The exhaust gas from which the waste heat has been recovered by the above-described waste heat recovery boiler 16 has a temperature of about 120 ° C., for example, and is then raised to about 1.5 atm by the stack blower 19 and then sent to the stack 21. And discharged outside the system (see FIG. 2).

  As described above, the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 is a high-efficiency power generation even when auxiliary fuel is not used by merging the carbonization process utilizing the system exhaust heat and the gasification process. It is characteristic that it is realized. Incidentally, in the case of the carbonized gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 of the biomass according to the present invention, the present inventor 30% (100 tons / day), which is the target value of the “Biomass Nippon Integrated Strategy” (see the next paragraph). A trial calculation result that it is expected that a numerical value exceeding (scale) (for example, about 34%) can be achieved has been obtained. In other words, the biomass carbonization gasification high temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 of the present embodiment that realizes effective use of exhaust heat of exhaust gas generated during power generation by systemizing the carbonizer 2 and the fuel cell 14 than in the past. High thermal efficiency is achieved, and it is possible to pyrolyze and carbonize without using auxiliary fuel, even if waste biomass such as municipal waste is included in the fuel as well as woody biomass. In other words, wood-based biomass generally has a higher water content than waste-based biomass, so it was difficult to convert it into a fuel with stable properties in a mixed state, whereas a carbonizer that effectively uses waste heat. According to the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 of the present embodiment having 2 in the preceding stage, it is possible to mix the two so that different types of fuel can be dried by a carbonization process to be finely powdered. The fuel can be converted into a stable fuel having a constant rate (for example, a water content of about 1%). Further, in the case of an existing power generation system, for example, the power generation efficiency in the case of a 1 MW scale system using boiler combustion is only about 10%, but the biomass carbonization gasification high temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 of this embodiment is used. Therefore, it is possible to achieve power generation efficiency of 30% or more.

  The “Biomass / Nippon Comprehensive Strategy” is a strategy to promote the utilization of biomass, which was coordinated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Ministry of the Environment, and Ministry of Education. It was decided by the Cabinet on the month. For example, on page 12 of this strategy dated December 2002, “In a technology that converts biomass with low water content, such as direct combustion and gasification plant, into energy, a plant with a daily throughput of 20 tons (several municipalities) Energy conversion efficiency is 20% as electricity or 80% as heat, and energy in a plant with a daily biomass treatment capacity of about 100 tons (assuming prefectural areas) The technology that can realize about 30% of the conversion efficiency as electric power is developed. ”(Here, the energy conversion efficiency is the ratio of chemical energy (calorific value) of biomass fuel converted into electric power). Meaning). The biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 of the present embodiment is exactly in line with the promotion of utilization of biomass that is being promoted by this comprehensive strategy.

  Furthermore, according to the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 of the present embodiment, the following specific effects that were not found in the conventional fuel cell can be exhibited. That is, (1) not only woody biomass but also waste biomass such as municipal waste and waste plastic can be used. It becomes possible to supplement with biomass, and a stable power output can be obtained. (2) Some waste biomass is reverse-charged, and when such reverse-charged waste is included, the collection cost is generally high, for example 20,000 yen or more / ton. It becomes possible to improve the economics of woody biomass. (3) Increasing the amount of fuel concentration makes it possible to increase the scale of power generation, and the synergistic effect enables highly efficient power generation. (4) Since there is no generation of dioxins and the ash is melted into slag to make it harmless, it also serves as a general waste and industrial waste treatment device with excellent environmental properties. (5) As a result of integrating the carbonization process with the gasification process, the biomass raw material can be reduced to about 1/5 to 1/7 at the stage of the carbonization process and then transferred to the gasification process. Therefore, the gasification furnace can be made compact. (6) Even those without special qualifications can be handled.

  In addition, in the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 according to the present embodiment, the gasification gas is purified at a temperature higher than the dew point temperature of water vapor. Gas) can be supplied to the fuel cell 14 with water vapor remaining therein. In other words, if gas purification is performed at a temperature lower than that, the water vapor component in the gas is reduced / insufficient, and as a result, solid carbon deposition and blockage of the gas piping occur as described above. In the case of the biomass carbonization gasification high temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 of the form, it is possible to introduce the water vapor in the gasification gas generated from the gasification furnace 3 into the fuel cell 14 without damaging the gas purification process. It is. For this reason, there are no harmful effects such as solid carbon deposition and piping blockage. Of course, it is not necessary to blow water vapor into the produced gasification gas, and it is not necessary to provide an apparatus for separately generating water vapor.

  Moreover, the adoption of the high-temperature fuel cell 14 as the power generation device and the realization of such a dry gas purification process suitable for power generation by the high-temperature fuel cell 14 is intended to suppress the above-described water vapor loss. This results in a synergistic effect in combination with the structure. That is, since it is possible to supply the fuel gas (gasification gas) to the fuel cell 14 while keeping the temperature high, there is no need to greatly reduce the temperature of the fuel gas, and therefore the temperature is maintained at a high temperature to suppress water vapor loss. This makes it possible to effectively suppress heat loss. In addition, since the gas purification device 22 is composed of a device that performs purification in a dry manner, waste water treatment is unnecessary, and therefore, it is further advantageous that drainage equipment is unnecessary.

  Further, in the high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 for carbonizing and gasifying biomass according to the present embodiment, since the high-temperature fuel cell 14 is employed as the power generation device, the power generation device is different from the case where the power generation device is a gas engine, a gas turbine, or the like. Even if the heat amount and flow rate of the gasification gas fluctuate, it is possible to operate stably and efficiently if the fluctuation amount is such that the temperature of the battery itself is kept within the operation range.

  The above-described embodiment is an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, in the embodiment described above, municipal waste and waste plastics are given as specific examples of waste biomass, but these are merely examples, and the biomass carbonization gasification high temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 according to this embodiment is used. According to the report, many types of biomass, whether woody or waste, such as agricultural / forestry / livestock / fishery resources and their residues, building waste, food waste, sludge, etc., should be included it can.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the form in which only the biomass fuel is input to the carbonizer 2 has been described. However, a fossil fuel input means (for example, a fossil fuel input line) 29 for additionally inputting fossil fuel as necessary is described. (See FIG. 5). For example, a biomass fuel with a high water content such as a water content of 50% or more has a low calorific value per unit volume, and even if the carbonization apparatus 2 is used, the calorific gas per unit volume may be low. In this case, if the fossil fuel is additionally input by using the above-described fossil fuel input means 29, it is possible to perform carbonization in accordance with the amount of heat added. In such a case, the amount of heat per unit volume of the gasification gas is improved. As a result, the thermal efficiency and power generation efficiency of the entire system can be improved. Coal etc. can be used as the fossil fuel.

  Further, from the viewpoint of improving the amount of heat per unit volume of the gasification gas, the biomass is heated and partially dried before being input to the carbonization apparatus 2 using the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 14. It is also preferable to constitute the pretreatment system 30 (see FIG. 6). When biomass having a high water content of 50% or more is targeted, the amount of heat per unit volume is low as described above. However, if such a pretreatment system 30 is used, the biomass before being put into the carbonizer 2 is used. Since part of the water can be evaporated at the stage, it is advantageous in that the amount of heat can be improved. An example of such a pretreatment system 30 is that a dryer 31 is provided in the exhaust gas path from the stack blower 19 to the stack 21 and the biomass fuel before charging is partially dried by the dryer 31. Yes (see FIG. 6). For example, in the case of the biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 of the present embodiment, the exhaust gas has a temperature of about 120 ° C. after passing through the waste heat recovery boiler 16 and is then discharged as waste gas. Therefore, if the pretreatment with hot air is performed using the waste heat of the exhaust gas, the thermal efficiency of the entire system is further improved. Moreover, when pretreatment for partial drying is performed in this way, for example, when dehydration is adopted, a separate facility for treating wastewater may be required, but as described above, waste heat is used. In the case of partial drying, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to provide such a drainage equipment because moisture can be sent together with biomass into the carbonizer 2 (that is, steam can be taken into the system). .

  Furthermore, since the high-temperature fuel cell power generation system 1 for biomass carbonization and gasification of the present embodiment employs a high-temperature fuel cell 14, it operates stably and efficiently even if the heat amount and flow rate of the gasification gas fluctuate. Although it is possible to do this as described above, it is also preferable to provide a gas holder 32 (see FIG. 7). When the gas holder 32 is provided, it is possible to further suppress fluctuations in battery output due to fluctuations in the amount of heat flow by controlling the pressure of the gasification gas. As an installation example of the gas holder 32, for example, an accumulator or the like installed in parallel with the gasification gas supply path continuing from the heat exchanger 11 to the reformer 12 shown in FIG. 2 can be cited (see FIG. 7). . In addition, packaging the gas holder 32 in the high-temperature fuel cell unit C in this way places the gas holder 32 in a high-temperature atmosphere, so that heat dissipation from the gas holder 32 is prevented. Is possible. Further, for example, a pressure adjusting valve (adjusted pressure is between the normal pressure and the outlet pressure of the purified gas blower 8) is provided at the outlet of the gas holder 32, and a certain amount of fluctuation is absorbed. In addition, it is possible to provide a function of stabilizing fluctuations in the heat amount and flow rate of the gasification gas. Alternatively, when a large variation that cannot be absorbed by the gas holder 32 itself occurs, it is possible to stabilize the composition and flow rate variation of the gasification gas by introducing natural gas from the gas holder 32. In addition, when only natural gas is introduced into the gas holder 32, there is a concern that carbon deposition may occur depending on the temperature in the gas holder 32. Therefore, if necessary, water vapor may be added at the same time or it may be considered. Preferred (see FIG. 7).

  Further, when there is a possibility that the required electrical output cannot be compensated only by the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace 3, the natural gas supply means 33 is provided as a means for compensating for the shortage of the gasification gas. It is good also (refer FIG. 7). In such a case, it is possible to ensure a quick load response or constant output operation of the fuel cell 14 by supplementing the shortage of gasification gas with natural gas. As an example of a specific form for supplying natural gas, there is a structure for supplying to the gas holder 32 described above (see FIG. 7). However, this is an example, and other forms are possible. It is.

  Furthermore, a methane generator 34 for generating a methane component from hydrogen and carbon monoxide components in the gasification gas may be provided (see FIG. 8). When the high-temperature fuel cell 14 is, for example, an internal reforming type, it is necessary to increase the methane concentration in the gasification gas. However, in the current gasification gas, a methane concentration sufficient to satisfy the demand is secured in some cases. It may not be possible. On the other hand, if a methane generator 34 for generating a methane component from hydrogen and carbon monoxide components in the gasification gas is provided in the system, the internal reforming fuel cell 14 can be handled. Become. In such a case, the heat generated in the methane generator 34 is used to raise the temperature of the fuel gas or oxidant gas introduced into the fuel cell 14 or to increase the temperature of the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 14. It can also be used effectively as a heat source. An example of a specific form of such a methane generator 34 is, for example, one installed in parallel with the gasification gas supply path that continues from the heat exchanger 11 to the reformer 12 (FIG. 8). reference). In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the steam supply pipe supplied from the waste heat recovery boiler 16 is branched in the middle, and steam is also supplied to the methane generator 34 to prevent carbon deposition (FIG. 8). 8).

  In this embodiment, the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace 3 is water-cooled in the cooler 4 (see FIG. 2). Instead of water-cooling (that is, heat exchange with water), or It is also preferable to perform heat exchange with the heat exchanger 11 before water cooling. In such a case, since the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 14 can be directly supplied as a heat source for the carbonizer 2, higher thermal efficiency can be realized. In this case, the heat exchanger 11 is installed in front of the cooler 4 (that is, in the middle of the path from the gasification furnace 3 to the cooler 4) so as to intersect or be close to each other, and the gasified gas and gas passed through the precision purifier 10. Heat exchange is performed with the gasification gas at the outlet of the conversion furnace 3 (see FIG. 1). In addition, although it is the heat exchangers 9 and 11 shown separately in FIG. 2, in FIG. 1, these heat exchangers are collectively shown.

  Furthermore, a part of the purified gas may be taken out and burned, and the burned gas may be sent to the exhaust gas supply path 26 (see FIG. 9). In such a case, since it becomes possible to give the calorie 2 the amount of heat that the gas after combustion has, the exhaust gas supplied as a heat source to the carbonizer 2 can be heated to a higher temperature, as described above. Furthermore, it becomes possible to realize high thermal efficiency. As a specific example of such an embodiment, a gas supply path from the precision refining device 10 to the heat exchanger 11 may be branched in the middle, and a combustor 35 may be provided in the middle of the branch path (FIG. 9). The burned gas is fed into the exhaust gas supply path 26 and mixed with the exhaust gas. Such a configuration is suitable in that a high-quality carbonized char with a high calorific value can be obtained particularly when high moisture biomass having a moisture content of 50% or more is targeted. A necessary amount of combustion air is supplied to the combustor 35.

It is the figure which divided and showed the outline of the structure of the carbonization gasification high temperature type fuel cell power generation system of biomass concerning this invention in three units. It is the figure which showed the structure of the carbonization gasification high temperature type fuel cell power generation system of biomass in this embodiment. It is the figure which showed in detail the part applicable to a gas refinement | purification apparatus among the carbonization gasification high temperature type fuel cell power generation system of biomass shown in FIG. A diagram showing a biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system in which a plurality of carbonization devices are arranged around a single gasification furnace, and the operation cycle of each carbonization device is operated by rotation with a time difference. It is. FIG. 10 is a schematic view partially showing another embodiment of the present invention, in which a fossil fuel input means for additionally supplying fossil fuel to a carbonizer is additionally provided. It is the figure which showed an example of the structure of the pre-processing system which heats the biomass of the stage before thrown into a carbonization apparatus using the exhaust heat of a fuel cell, and partially drys it. It is the figure which showed an example of the form which provided the natural gas supply means as a gas holder which suppresses the fluctuation | variation of the battery output by the fluctuation | variation of the calorie | heat amount flow rate of gasification gas, and a means which compensates the shortage of gasification gas. It is the figure which showed an example of the form which provided the methane generator which generate | occur | produces a methane component from the hydrogen in a gasification gas, and a carbon monoxide component. It is the figure which showed an example of the form which took out and combusted some gas after refinement | purification, and sent the gas after combustion to an exhaust gas supply path. It is a figure for demonstrating the outline | summary of carbon precipitation, and is a three-phase diagram which distributed the composition of fuel gas by the ratio of carbon C content, hydrogen H content, and oxygen O content.

Explanation of symbols

1 Carbonization gasification of biomass High-temperature fuel cell power generation system 2 Carbonizer (carbonizer)
3 Gasifier 14 High-temperature fuel cell 22 Gas refining device 29 Fossil fuel input means 30 Pretreatment system 32 Gas holder 33 Natural gas supply means 34 Methane generator

Claims (15)

  High-temperature type fuel cell, carbonization device that receives supply of exhaust heat exhausted during operation of the fuel cell and pyrolyzes and carbonizes biomass using the exhaust heat, and combustion of char char generated by the carbonization device Gasification furnace for gasification and reforming of pyrolysis gas containing tar volatilized during carbonization, and gas purification for purifying the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace at a temperature higher than the dew point temperature of water vapor The fuel cell is operated with the gasified gas generated in the gasification furnace and purified by the gas purification device as energy, and exhaust heat discharged during the operation is supplied to the carbonization device as a heat source. A biomass carbonized gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system characterized by   The biomass gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the gas purification device is a dry purification device.   The biomass carbonized gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising fossil fuel input means for additionally supplying fossil fuel to the carbonization device.   4. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a pretreatment system that heats the biomass at a stage before being input to the carbonizer using the exhaust heat of the fuel cell to partially dry the biomass. A biomass carbonization high temperature fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the above.   5. An impurity having an adverse effect on the fuel cell is specified, and the impurity is removed until the concentration of the impurity in the gasification gas reaches at least an allowable level of the fuel cell. A biomass carbonization high temperature fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the above.   The gas purification apparatus is characterized by using an impurity absorbent that absorbs impurities such as HCl contained in gasification and a high-temperature filter that is used under a temperature condition higher than the dew point temperature of water vapor. The biomass gasification high temperature type fuel cell power generation system of biomass according to any one of claims 1 to 5.   The biomass gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a gas holder that performs pressure control of the gasification gas purified by the gas purification device. .   The high-temperature gasification of biomass according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising natural gas supply means for compensating for a shortage of gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace. Type fuel cell power generation system.   A combustor that is supplied to the cathode after burning the anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell, and when the gas supplied to the anode of the fuel cell needs to be reformed, the combustion heat of the combustor is used to 9. A reformer for performing reforming, wherein not only the purified gasification gas but also natural gas can be supplementarily used as fuel gas for the fuel cell. A biomass carbonized high temperature fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the above.   10. A biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising a methane generator for generating a methane component from hydrogen and carbon monoxide components in the gasification gas. Power generation system.   The biomass gasification high-temperature fuel cell power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the gasification furnace is configured to blow air to supply combustion air to the gasification furnace.   In the gasification furnace, combustion and gasification are performed using carbonized char obtained by carbonizing the biomass as fuel, the tar is decomposed at a temperature of 1100 ° C. or more, and the pyrolysis gas is reformed. The biomass carbonized gasification high temperature type fuel cell power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 11.   The gasification furnace performs combustion and gasification using carbonized char obtained by carbonizing the biomass as fuel, and melts ash content in the carbonized char to form slag. A biomass carbonized high temperature fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the above.   By performing heat exchange between the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell and the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace, heat used for carbonization of the biomass in the carbonization device is obtained from the fuel cell. 14. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, further comprising a heat exchanger that collects not only exhausted exhaust gas but also gasified gas generated in the gasification furnace. Biomass gasification high temperature fuel cell power generation system.   The biomass carbonization gasification high-temperature fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein a plurality of the carbonization devices are arranged, and the operation cycle of each carbonization device is operated by rotation with a time difference. Power generation system.