JP2006292564A - Small-sized in-plane multi-axial stretching tester and small-sized in-plane multi-axial stretching testing method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small-sized in-plane multi-axial stretching testing mechanism, and a small-sized in-plane multi-axial stretching testing machine of a sheetlike structure. <P>SOLUTION: This small-sized in-plane multi-axial stretching testing method is constituted so that the sheetlike structure having one surface and the other surface is installed on a support stand installing one surface or the other surface of the sheetlike structure selected as an installation surface, the end of the sheetlike structure protruded from the support stand is grasped by a grasping tool, and the grasping tool is moved in the direction separated from the installation surface to stretch the sheetlike structure in a state wherein the sheetlike structure is bent toward the installation surface using the edge part of the support stand as a fulcrum to apply in-plane deformation to the sheetlike structure and used in the small-sized in-plane multi-axial stretching testing method of the sheetlike structure. The stress of the sheetlike structure and the structural change of the molecule in the sheetlike structure are measured while stretching the sheetlike structure using the small-sized in-plane multi-axial stretching tester. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention is a small in-plane capable of in-plane multiaxial stretching of sheet-like structures such as sheets, films, nonwoven fabrics, woven fabrics, and membranes of polymer materials such as rubber, gel, thermoplastic elastomer, and resin. The present invention relates to a multiaxial stretching mechanism, a small in-plane multiaxial stretching tester equipped with the in-plane multiaxial stretching mechanism, and a small in-plane multiaxial stretching machine. In-plane multiaxial stretching refers to stretching a two-dimensional surface in a multiaxial manner. This tester is capable of biaxial stretching in which the X axis and Y axis orthogonal to each other in the plane are stretched simultaneously or sequentially, simple biaxial stretching in which the Y axis side is fixed and only the X axis side is stretched, all in-plane directions (all The present invention relates to a multiaxial stretching mechanism and a multiaxial stretching tester that enable simultaneous stretching, multiaxial stretching by two or more axes, and uniaxial stretching in which only the X axis is stretched without gripping the Y axis side.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a biaxial stretching tester is known as a testing machine for examining biaxial tensile properties by stretching a sheet-like structure such as a rubber sheet, a resin film, or a fabric in two different in-plane directions. In this biaxial stretching tester, a plurality of gripping tools called clips holding the sheet-like structure are installed on four sides, and the opposite sides are moved in opposite directions to stretch the sheet-like structure. In order to enable uniform stretching, there is one using a pantograph mechanism that expands the clip interval at the same time as stretching, which is described in, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2. There are some which reduce the number of clips to eight and move in opposite directions called corner plates at each corner, which is described in Patent Document 3.
Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 4-4935 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-17367 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003-207430

  Among the above-described biaxial stretching test machines, those using the pantograph mechanism are configured so that each side of a sheet-like sample is gripped by a number of clips and the sample is stretched in the biaxial direction by expanding the interval between the clips. This is a testing machine. The means for enlarging the clip interval includes a plurality of links constituting the pantograph mechanism, a pin for connecting the two links, and a holding table (multiple) provided with a clip at one end, and this holding table is provided with a sliding groove. In this sliding groove, the link is slidably engaged by the pin, and every other holding base is pivoted by the link and the pin at a fixed point other than the sliding groove to form a node. is doing. If the clip interval is to be increased, the link rotates around the pin coupling point and the engagement point slides along the sliding groove, so that the pantograph mechanism operates (the crossing angle of the link is an open angle). Is. On the other hand, in the case of using a corner plate, the corner plate is arranged at two overlapping portions of the X axis and the Y axis, and is moved from both sides to move away from each other. Accordingly, when the Y axis extends, the Y axis is followed, and when both axes move, the device moves with both axes. Both the pantograph mechanism and the corner plate mechanism are complicated and heavy.

  The object of the present invention is to simplify the complex mechanisms of the above-described conventional biaxial stretching tester and biaxial stretching machine, such as a large number of clips (minimum 8 pieces), pantographs and corner plates, and to reduce the size and weight. The measurement of the stress generated by in-plane multiaxial stretching and the orientation and crystallization of molecules of the sheet-like structure being stretched can be performed using multiple electromagnetic waves such as light and X-rays to observe simultaneously with stretching. An object of the present invention is to provide a small in-plane multiaxial stretching mechanism and a small in-plane multiaxial stretching tester that enable refraction measurement, X-ray analysis measurement, and the like.

  To achieve the above object, instead of using a large number of clips to extend the sheet-like structure parallel to the sheet surface, a simple and small number of gripping tools and support bases are used on one side. And the sheet-like structure having the other surface is installed on a support base that can be installed with the one or other surface selected as the installation surface, and the end of the sheet-like structure protruding from the support base is grasped The sheet-like structure is bent in the installation surface side with the edge of the support base as a fulcrum by moving the gripping tool in a direction away from the installation surface. The present invention relates to a small in-plane multiaxial stretching mechanism and a small in-plane multiaxial stretching tester that can reduce the size and weight by a mechanism that enables in-plane stretching of an object. In this specification, “one side” and “the other side” are not intended to limit either one. That is, when the surface on one side of the sheet-like structure is “one surface”, the surface that is the back side of the one surface is “the other surface”, and conversely, the surface on the other side is “one surface”. This is a relative concept in which the one side surface becomes the “other surface”. One of the “one side” or “the other side” selected by the person who installs the sheet-like structure is the installation surface. The “installation surface” is not intended to specify any one of the two surfaces of the sheet-like structure, but is determined by the selection of the person who installs it.

(Structure of the invention described in claim 1)
According to the first aspect of the present invention, a sheet-like structure having one surface and the other surface is installed on a support base that can be installed with the one or other surface selected as an installation surface, and the support By gripping the end of the sheet-like structure protruding from the table with a gripping tool and moving the gripping tool in a direction away from the installation surface, the sheet-like structure is moved with the edge of the support base as a fulcrum. The sheet-like structure is configured to be capable of in-plane stretching in a state bent to the installation surface side.

  Here, the support base is a base on which a sheet-like structure having an installation surface is installed, and the sheet-like structure is bent toward the installation surface with the edge of the support base as a fulcrum. It refers to a table that allows the structure to be stretched in-plane. A gripping tool refers to what grips each side of a sheet-like structure. For each side, use one gripper that is approximately equal to the length of the side.

(Operational effect of the invention described in claim 1)
By adopting the above configuration, the sheet-like structure is gripped, and the sheet-like structure can be stretched in-plane in a multiaxial manner in a state where the sheet-like structure is bent toward the installation surface with the edge of the support base as a fulcrum. I can do it. Multiaxial stretching using two or more axes, biaxial stretching using two axes orthogonal to each other, simple biaxial stretching with one of the two axes fixed, and one of the two axes Uniaxial stretching without gripping is possible.

(Structure of the invention described in claim 2)
In the invention described in claim 2, the sheet-like structure having one surface and the other surface is installed on a circular support base that can be installed with the one or the other surface selected as the installation surface, The end of the sheet-like structure protruding from the circular support base is gripped by a circular gripping tool, and the gripping tool is moved in a direction away from the installation surface, whereby the edge of the support base is moved. The sheet-like structure is configured to be simultaneously stretchable in all in-plane directions while being bent toward the installation surface as a fulcrum.

  Here, the circular support base is a base on which a sheet-like structure having an installation surface is installed, and the sheet-like structure is bent toward the installation surface with the edge of the support base as a fulcrum. It refers to a table that can extend the structure in all directions in the plane. A circular gripping tool refers to a tool that grips the periphery of a sheet-like structure.

(Effects of the invention described in claim 2)
By adopting the above configuration, the sheet-like structure is gripped, and the sheet-like structure is simultaneously stretched in all in-plane directions while being bent toward the installation surface with the edge of the circular support base as a fulcrum. I can do it.

(Structure of the invention described in claim 3)
The invention described in claim 3 uses the multiaxial stretching tester described in claims 1 and 2 to measure the stress generated by stretching, and transmits electromagnetic waves such as light or X-rays at the center of the sheet-like structure. Equipped with a device that can measure the birefringence or X-ray scattering pattern using a detector, and analyze the molecular orientation and crystals at the same time as stretching, by irradiating the part and using electromagnetic waves such as light that has passed or scattered X-rays There is a feature.

  Here, the stress measurement refers to a load detector (load cell, etc.), and light or X-rays are light (laser) irradiated to the sheet-like structure from a source developed for molecular order analysis, respectively. It includes electromagnetic waves such as light (including light) or X-rays (including X-rays supplied from a facility for generating synchrotron radiation). The detector refers to a light spectrometer (spectrometer) or a CCD camera for X-ray detection. A small in-plane multiaxial stretching machine is installed in the horizontal direction between the generation source and the detector, and light or X-rays are irradiated to the center of the sheet-like structure.

(Operation and effect of the invention described in claim 3)
By adopting the above configuration, the “stress-stretching” relationship associated with stretching can be measured, and at the same time, the molecular orientation and the relationship between the crystal and stretching are measured. By comparing the two relationships, it is possible to analyze the generation of stress and the structural change (orientation, crystal) of the molecule.

  According to the present invention, the in-plane multiaxial stretching tester is small and lightweight, and can be easily installed in a scientific analyzer to enable simultaneous measurement during the stretching process. In particular, it becomes possible to measure molecular order orientation and crystals during the in-plane multiaxial stretching process. Research on sheet-like structures such as sheets, films, nonwoven fabrics, and membranes composed of rubber, gel, thermoplastic elastomer, resin, etc. will be promoted, and the development speed is expected to increase dramatically. The deformation that occurs in the manufacturing process and use process of the sheet-like structure is multiaxial deformation and cannot be estimated by the conventional simple uniaxial and biaxial test methods. This multiaxial test method makes it possible to estimate the actual deformation and stress generation of both processes and the structural change of molecules.

(Overall configuration)
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the small in-plane multiaxial stretching tester, which includes a sheet-like structure support base, a gripping tool, a stretching mechanism such as a driving tool, and a load detector. The sheet-like structure is gripped by the gripping tool, the gripping tool is fixed to the driving tool, the driving tool is installed on the driving shaft, and the driving shaft is rotated by the motor. The gripping tool is moved by the rotation of the drive shaft, leaves the installation surface on which the sheet-like structure is installed, and the sheet-like structure is stretched.

  In the stretching drive system of the present invention, it is desirable to use a stepping motor or the like similar to a normal uniaxial tensile testing machine. Using bevel gears or toothed belts, the drive shafts on opposite sides can be connected and driven at the same speed. Two adjacent axes are driven independently using each motor, simultaneous biaxial, sequential biaxial, simple biaxial fixed on one side, uniaxial extension on one side release, simultaneous in-plane omnidirectional extension, two or more axes The multiaxial stretching used is possible. Instead of directly connecting the opposing sides, a motor may be installed in each and moved by the controller.

  The support base of this invention is comprised from the pillar which supports a base and a base. In order to minimize the frictional resistance between the sheet-like structure and the edge of the table, a roller is installed at the edge, the sheet-like structure contacts only with the roller, and the roller rotates as the sheet-like structure extends. It is desirable to do. If a roller cannot be installed, it is desirable to use a ring with a circular cross-section at the edge, keep the surface smooth, and apply silicone oil during testing. It is known that the frictional resistance is very small compared to the stress generated by stretching. In the fiber spinning process, the force applied to the roller is measured as the force generated in the fiber, and the frictional resistance is ignored. Yes. Each table has a hole in the center of the table, and light and X-rays can pass through it.

  The gripping tool of the present invention includes a mechanism for gripping a sheet-like structure and a mechanism for fixing to a stretching drive unit, and is made of metal or engineering plastic.

  The material of the sheet-like structure stretched or measured using the small in-plane multiaxial stretching tester of the present invention is not particularly limited. A sheet-like structure such as a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, a sheet, a film, or a membrane made of a polymer material such as rubber, gel, thermoplastic elastomer, or resin is desirable. Although the shape of the sheet-like structure measured using the small in-plane multiaxial stretching tester of the present invention is not particularly limited, the thickness is 0.1 mm to 2 mm, and the length of one side of the rectangular sheet-like structure is The diameter of the circular sheet-like structure is preferably 10 mm to 100 mm.

  The thermostat bath enclosing the support range of the small in-plane multiaxial stretching tester of the present invention and the driving range of the gripper can be installed, and measurement at a constant temperature is possible. Although the temperature range is not particularly limited, it is desirable that the temperature range is from minus 20 ° C. to plus 200 ° C., and is controlled at plus / minus 1 ° C. The thermostatic chamber is provided with a window through which electromagnetic waves such as light or X-rays enter and a window through which electromagnetic waves such as light after passing through the sheet-like structure and X-rays go to the detector. It is desirable to install glass, polyimide film, etc. suitable for measuring light and X-rays in the window.

  The small in-plane multiaxial stretching test machine of the present invention can be operated upside down with the stretching direction set sideways. Since the sheet-like structure is gripped in advance by the gripping tool, the stretching in the horizontal direction can be performed in the same manner as in the vertical direction by fixing the gripping tool to the driving tool. Even when light or X-rays are irradiated sideways, the center of the sheet-like structure can be irradiated with light or X-rays by installing this small in-plane multiaxial stretching tester sideways. While the sheet-like structure is stretched using this small in-plane multiaxial stretching tester, at the same time, light or X-ray is irradiated to the center of the sheet-like structure, and the passing light or scattered X-ray is detected by a detector (spectrometer Measurement of the molecular order such as molecular orientation and crystal.

  The small in-plane multi-axis testing machine of the present invention can perform motor control, temperature control, stress data acquisition, birefringence measurement, X-ray scattering measurement, and the like from a remote location using a computer.

Example 1
By using a square support base and holding the sheet-like structure with a square gripper, the rectangular sheet-like structure is orthogonally biaxially stretched in the X-axis and Y-axis simultaneously, sequentially biaxially stretched, one side It becomes possible to perform fixed simple biaxial stretching or uniaxial stretching on one side. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a biaxial stretching mechanism in which a rectangular sheet-like structure according to the present invention is fixed, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the stretching mechanism of the rectangular sheet-like structure. FIG. 3 is a plan view and a sectional view of a gripping tool for a rectangular sheet-like structure, and FIG. 4 is a plan view and a side view of a rectangular support base.

  In the above-described configuration, as shown in FIG. 1, the rectangular sheet-like structure 1 is gripped at the end by the gripping tool 2 and installed on the support base 3. The gripping tool 2 is fixed to driving tools 4a and 4b that move relative to the installation surface. The driving tools 4a and 4b are moved by feed screws of the driving shafts 5a and 5b, respectively. The drive shaft 5a is directly connected to the motor 6a. Opposing drive shafts 5a and 5b are connected to each other by a toothed belt 7a and move at the same speed. The rectangular sheet-like structure 1 is bent toward the installation surface with respect to the installation surface with the edge of the support 3 as a fulcrum, and the rectangular sheet-like structure 1 is moved by the movement of the driving tools 4a and 4b to which the gripping tool 2 is fixed. Can be stretched. The shaft 8a fixes the drive shaft 5a and the motor 6a, and moves the drive tool 4a smoothly. The load detector 9a is fixed to the driving tool 4b on one side. As long as the rectangular sheet-like structure 1 can be installed, the base portion of the support base 3 may be plate-shaped or frame-shaped. Devices 13, 14, and 15 for measuring molecular structure changes (orientation, crystallization, etc.) can be installed.

  In the above-described configuration, as shown in the plan view of FIG. 2, the gripping tool 2 at the facing position is fixed to the driving tools 4a and 4b and is moved by the driving shafts 5a and 5b. 5b are mutually connected by a toothed belt 7a and moved at the same speed by a motor 6a. The gripping tool 2 at a position orthogonal to the gripping tool at the facing position is fixed to the driving tools 4c and 4d and moved by the driving shafts 5c and 5d. The drive shaft 5c and the drive shaft 5d are connected by a toothed belt 7b and are operated by a motor 6b. The motors 6a and 6b are controlled independently of each other. As shown in FIG. 2, by attaching load detectors 9a and 9b to the driving tools 4b and 4d, the stress-strain relationship can be measured on the X axis and the Y axis, respectively.

  In the above-described configuration, as shown in FIG. 3, the rectangular sheet-like structure 1 is cut longer than the length of the square side of the support base 3 than the grip width portion of the gripping tool 2, and is previously held by the gripping tool 2. The four sides are gripped. One gripper 2 is provided for each side and is equal to the length of the side of the support 3. The gripper 2 is provided with a mechanism for fixing to the drive tools 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d.

  In the above-described configuration, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the support base 3 is provided with rollers 3a,... At the edges of four sides and columns 3b,. Structure. A hole 3h for applying light and X-rays to the central portion of the rectangular sheet-like structure 1 is opened in the center. When no roller is installed, the four sides of the support base 3 are circular in cross section, and are composed of edges having a smooth surface. It is desirable to apply a lubricant such as silicone oil to the surface as necessary.

(Example 2)
By using a circular support base and gripping the sheet-like structure with a circular gripper, the circular sheet-like structure can be stretched simultaneously in all directions in the plane. The cross-sectional view of the small in-plane multiaxial testing machine for circular sheet-like structures is replaced with a circular support for the small in-plane multiaxial testing machine for rectangular sheet-like structures shown in FIG. It is what. The circular sheet-like structure is installed on a circular support base, bent toward the installation surface with respect to the installation surface with the edge of the circular support base as a fulcrum, and moved from the installation surface by the movement of the driving tool to which the circular gripping tool is fixed. Separately, the circular sheet-like structure can be stretched simultaneously in all in-plane directions. FIG. 5 is a plan view and a side view showing the relationship between the circular sheet-like structure 10 and the circular gripping tool 11, and FIG. 6 is a plan view and a side view of the circular support base 12.

  In the above configuration, as shown in FIG. 5, the circular sheet-like structure 10 is preliminarily gripped by a circular gripper 11 and placed on the circular support base 12 shown in FIG. The circular gripping tool 11 is fixed to the driving tools 4a and 4b that move relative to the sheet installation surface. In the case of a circular sheet-like structure, only one set of drive shaft 5a and directly connected motor 6a are used. The driving tools 4a and 4b are moved by the driving shafts 5a and 5b, and can be simultaneously stretched at the same speed in all directions of the sheet surface of the circular sheet-like structure 10. As shown in FIG. 1, the stress-strain relationship can be measured by attaching a load detector 9a to the driving tool 4b.

In the above-described configuration, as shown in FIG. 5, the side of the circular sheet-like structure 10 is previously gripped by the circular gripper 11. The circular gripping tool 11 includes a circular ring receiver and a ring, and grips the end of the circular sheet-like structure 10 by adjusting the diameter of the ring. A mechanism for fixing the driving tools 4a and 4b to the inner ring receiver is provided.

  In the above-described configuration, as shown in FIG. 6, the circular support base 12 is a structure that can withstand a load generated along with stretching by using a ring having a circular cross section as a base 12a and a column 12b that supports the base 12a. The ring has a smooth surface, and if necessary, silicon oil is applied to reduce the frictional force with the sheet-like structure.

(Example 3)
In the above-mentioned configuration, as shown in FIG. 7, while the sheet-like structure is stretched by using this small in-plane multiaxial stretching tester, X-rays generated from the radiation facility are simultaneously irradiated and crystallized from the scattered X-rays. And molecular orientation can be analyzed. This small in-plane multiaxial stretching tester is installed sideways, and the X-rays emitted from the X-ray source 13 of the emitted light pass through the X-ray tube 14 to irradiate the center of the sheet-like structure and scatter. X-rays to be measured can be measured by a two-dimensional detector (CCD camera) 15 to analyze molecular order such as molecular orientation and crystals. In order to reduce air scattering that occurs when the X-ray tube 14 passes X-rays, the tip of the X-ray tube 14 is installed close to the sheet-like structure. Air scattering can be reduced by flowing helium or nitrogen inside the X-ray tube 14 or drawing a vacuum.

  The small in-plane multiaxial stretching tester of the present invention is for research and development of sheet-like structures such as sheets, films, non-woven fabrics, woven fabrics, and membranes composed of polymer materials such as rubber, gel, and resin. However, it can also be applied to batch production of small samples. As an in-plane multiaxial stretching machine for ultra-small polymer products (such as micro devices), it can be used for ultra-thin film production.

It is sectional drawing which fixed the square sheet-like structure to the small in-plane multiaxial stretching test machine of this invention. It is a top view of the apparatus which extends | stretches a square sheet-like structure with the small in-plane multiaxial stretching tester of this invention. It is (a) top view and (b) sectional view which hold | grip the square sheet-like structure 1 of this invention with the holding | gripping tool 2. FIG. It is the (a) top view and (b) side view of the support stand 3 of the rectangular sheet-like structure 1 of this invention. It is the (a) top view and (b) side view of the circular sheet-like structure 10 and the circular holding tool 11 of this invention. It is (a) top view and (b) side view of the circular support stand 12 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which installed the small in-plane multiaxial stretching test machine of this invention in the synchrotron radiation X-ray apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Square sheet-like structure 2 Gripping tool 3 Support stand 3a Roller 3b Pillar 3h Hole 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d Drive tool 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d Drive shaft 6 Circular support stand 6a, 6b Motor 7a, 7b Belt 8a Shaft 9a, 9b Load detector 10 Circular sheet-like structure 11 Circular gripping tool 12 Circular support base 12a base 12b Column 13 X-ray source 14 X-ray tube 15 Two-dimensional detector (CCD camera)

Claims (3)

A multiaxial stretching test mechanism for in-plane stretching a sheet-like structure having one surface and the other surface,
The sheet-like structure is installed on a support base that can be installed with the one or the other surface selected as the installation surface, and the end of the sheet-like structure protruding from the support base is gripped by a gripping tool, By moving the gripping tool in a direction away from the installation surface, the sheet-like structure is bent in the plane with the edge of the support base as a fulcrum and bent toward the installation surface. A multiaxial stretching tester configured to be stretchable. A multiaxial stretching test mechanism for simultaneously stretching a sheet-like structure having one surface and the other surface in all in-plane directions,
The sheet-like structure is installed on a circular support table that can be installed with the one or the other surface selected as the installation surface, and the end of the sheet-like structure protruding from the support table is attached by a circular gripper. The sheet-like structure is bent and moved toward the installation surface with the edge of the support base as a fulcrum by moving the gripping tool in a direction away from the installation surface. A multi-axis stretching tester characterized in that an object can be stretched simultaneously in all in-plane directions.   A load detector is installed in the multiaxial stretching tester according to claim 1 and 2, the stress generated by stretching can be measured, and the central part of the sheet-like structure is irradiated with electromagnetic waves such as light or X-rays. An in-plane multiaxial stretching test method for a sheet, which can analyze molecular orientation, crystallization, and the like due to stretching.

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