JP2006520806A - タキソール誘導性腸障害を処置する方法 - Google Patents
タキソール誘導性腸障害を処置する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2003年3月20日に出願された、米国特許出願番号60/456,648号の仮特許出願に基づく優先権を主張する。その仮出願の内容は、その全体が参考として援用される。
適用せず。
本発明は、タキソール誘導性腸障害の分野に関連する。より具体的には、本発明は、タキソール誘導性腸障害の症状の処置、予防および/または改善のためにアゴニスト抗trkC抗体を投与する工程を包含する、タキソール誘導性腸障害を処置する方法に関連する。
タキソールおよび他のタキサンのような化学療法剤は、癌の処置に有効に利用されている。米国のみにおいても毎年300,000人が、乳癌、肺癌および結腸癌のための化学療法の処置を受けている。しかし、ある割合のタキソールの処置を受けた患者は、胃腸の症状を経験し得る。例えば、少ない割合の患者は腸閉塞、腸穿孔、虚血性結腸炎および他の腸障害を報告している。Bristol−Meyers Squibb,Inc.出典の「Taxol (paclitaxel) Product Information Sheet and Patient Information」(http://www.taxol.comで入手可能)を参照。
本発明は、アゴニスト抗trkC抗体が、タキソールにより処置された個体に存在する腸障害を処置するという発見に基づく。タキソール誘導性腸障害は、薬剤のタキソールもしくは関連するタキサンの投与と関連している、もしくはその投与後の個体に存在する腸障害をいう。それゆえ本発明は、アゴニスト抗trkC抗体を使用して、タキソール誘導性腸障害の処置、予防、その障害の症状発生の遅延、その障害からの回復率の向上および/もしくはその症状を緩和する方法を包含する。
本発明の実施は、他に示されない限り、当該分野の技術範囲における、分子生物学(組み換え技術を含む)、微生物学、細胞生物学、生化学および免疫学の従来の技術を使用する。これらの技術は、Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual,second edition(Sambrookら、1989)Cold Spring Harbor Press;Oligonucleotide Synthesis(M.J.Gait編集、1984);Methods in Molecular Biology,Humana Press;Cell Biology:A Laboratory Notebook(J.E.Cellis編集、1998)Academic Press;Animal Cell Culture(R.I.Freshney編集、1987);Introduction to Cell and Tissue Culture(J.P.MatherおよびP.E.Roberts、1998)Plenum Press;Cell and Tissue Culture:Laboratory Procedures(A.Doyle,J.B.Griffiths,およびD.G.Newell編集、1993−8)J.Wiley and Sons;Methods in Enzymology(Academic Press Inc.);Handbook of Experimental Immunology(D.M.WeirおよびC.C.Blackwell編集);Gene Transfer Vectors for Mammalian Cells(J.M.MillerおよびM.P.Calos編集、1987);Current Protocols in Molecular Biology(F.M.Ausubelら編集、1987);PCR:The Polymerase Chain Reaction(Mullisら、1994);Current Protocols in Immunology(J.E.Coliganら編集、1991);Short Protocols in Molecular Biology(WileyおよびSons、1999);Immunobiology(C.A.JanewayおよびP.Travers、1997);Antibodies(P.Finch、1997);Antibodies;a practical approach(D.Catty編集、IRL Press、1988−1989);Monoclonal antibodies:a practical approach(P.ShepherdおよびC.Dean編集、Oxford University Press、2000);Using antibodies:a laboratory manual(E.HarlowおよびD.Lane(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press、1999);The Antibodies(M.ZanettiおよびJ.D.Capra編集、Harwood Academic Publishers、1995);およびCancer:Principles and Practice of Oncology(V.T.DeVitaら編集、J.B.Lippincott Company、1993)のような文献に十分に説明されている。
「抗体」(複数形と互換的に使用される)は、免疫グロブリン分子の可変領域に位置する、少なくとも1箇所の抗原認識部位を通じて、炭水化物、ポリヌクレオチド、脂質、ポリペプチドなどの標的に特異的に結合し得る免疫グロブリン分子である。本明細書中で使用されているように、この用語は、インタクトなポリクローナルもしくはモノクローナル抗体のみでなく、その断片(Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2、Fv)、1本鎖(ScFv)、その抗体の変異体、抗体の一部を含む融合タンパク質、ヒト化抗体、キメラ抗体、二重抗体(diabody)直鎖抗体、1本鎖抗体、多重特異的抗体(例えば、二重特異的抗体)および要求される特異性の抗原認識部位を含む免疫グロブリンの任意の他の改変された構造体もまた含む。抗体は、IgG、IgAもしくはIgMのような、任意のクラスの抗体を含み、そしてその抗体は、いずれの特定のクラスである必要はない。その抗体の重鎖の定常領域のアミノ酸配列に依存して、免疫グロブリンは異なったクラスに分類され得る。免疫グロブリンの5つの主要なクラス:IgA、IgD、IgE、IgGおよびIgMがあり、そしてこれらのうちいくつかはさらに、例えばIgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA1、およびIgA2のようなサブクラス(アイソタイプ)に分割され得る。免疫グロブリンの上記の異なるクラスに対応する、免疫グロブリンの重鎖の定常ドメインは、それぞれアルファ、デルタ、ガンマ、イプシロンおよびミューと呼ばれる。カッパおよびラムダと命名された、軽鎖の2つのクラスもある。免疫グロブリンの異なるクラスの、そのサブユニットの構造および3次元構造は、周知である。
本明細書中に記載されているすべての方法については、アゴニスト抗trkC抗体への言及はまた、1つ以上のこれら抗体を含有する組成物も含む。これらの組成物はさらにまた、緩衝液を含めて、当該分野において周知である薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤のような、適した賦形剤も含有し得る。
本発明は、アゴニスト抗trkC抗体を使用して、タキソール誘導性腸障害の処置、予防、症状発生の遅延および/もしくはその緩和の方法を包含する。その方法は、アゴニスト抗trkC抗体を必要としている個体(様々な徴候および局面が、本明細書中に記載されている)への、有効量のこれらの抗体の投与を包含する。有効量のアゴニスト抗trkC抗体は、他の治療剤と一緒に投与されてもよいし、他の治療剤なしで投与されてもよい。いくつかの実施形態において、その個体はヒトである。しかし、記載されているその方法は、獣医学の状況(例えば、イヌ、ネコ、ウシ、ウマ)にもまた、適用可能である。
本発明の方法は、trkCを活性化する様式でtrkCと相互作用する抗trkC抗体の使用を包含する。アゴニスト抗trkC抗体は、当該分野において公知である。PCT WO01/98361;Urferら、J.Biol.Chem.(1998)273:5829−5840参照。抗体は、モノクローナル抗体、ポリクローナル抗体、抗体断片(例えばFab、Fab’、F(ab’)2、Fv、Fcなど)、キメラ抗体、1本鎖(ScFv)、その抗体の変異体、抗体の一部を含む融合タンパク質、および要求される特異性の抗原認識部位を含む免疫グロブリンの任意の他の改変された構造体を含み得る。その抗体は、マウスの、ラット、ヒト、もしくは任意の他の由来(ヒト化抗体を含む)であり得る。従って、上記アゴニスト抗trkC抗体は、ヒト抗体(抗体1.6.4(PCT WO01/98361)のような)であってもよいし、ヒト化抗体(ヒト化モノクローナル抗体2256を含む、PCT WO01/98361参照)であってもよい。いくつかの実施形態において、そのアゴニスト抗trkC抗体は、ヒトtrkCに結合する。いくつかの実施形態において、そのアゴニスト抗trkC抗体は、ヒトtrkCに特異的に結合する。いくつかの実施形態において、そのアゴニスト抗trkC抗体は、哺乳動物(ネコ、イヌ、もしくはウマのような)のtrkCに特異的に結合する。そのアゴニスト抗trkC抗体はまた、ヒトおよびげっ歯類のtrkCにも結合し得る。1つの実施形態において、その抗体は、ヒトtrkCの細胞外ドメインの1つ以上のエピトープを認識する抗体である。他の実施形態において、その抗体は、ヒトtrkCの細胞外ドメインの1つ以上のエピトープを認識するマウス抗体もしくはラット抗体である。いくつかの実施形態において、その抗体は、ヒトtrkCに結合し、そして別の哺乳動物種(いくつかの実施形態において、脊髄動物種)由来のtrkCには有意に結合しない。いくつかの実施形態において、その抗体はヒトtrkCにも、別の哺乳動物種(いくつかの実施形態において、脊髄動物種)由来の1つ以上のtrkCにも結合する。他の実施形態において、その抗体は、以下の1つ以上から選択される生物のtrkCの1つ以上のエピトープを認識する:霊長類、イヌ、ネコ、ウマ、およびウシ。いくつかの実施形態において、その抗体は、trkCに結合し、他のニューロトロフィンの受容体(trkCの関連したニューロトロフィン受容体であるtrkAおよび/もしくはtrkBのような)と、有意に交差反応(結合)しない。いくつかの実施形態において、その抗体はtrkCに結合し、そしてさらにtrkAおよび/もしくはtrkBに結合する。いくつかの実施形態において、その抗体は、以下に挙げる任意の1つ以上から選択される抗体と本質的に同じtrkCエピトープに結合する:6.1.2、6.4.1、2345、2349、2.5.1、2344、2248、2250、2253、および2256。WO 01/98361参照。抗体が向かい得るエピトープの例としては、trkCのドメインVおよび/もしくはtrkCのドメインIVが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。他の実施形態において、そのエピトープは、以下の残基のうちの1つ以上を含む:ヒトtrkCのL284、E287、およびN335。Urferら、J.Biol.Chem.(1998)273:5829−5840参照。他の実施形態において、そのエピトープは、連続的であってもよいし、不連続的であってもよい。また他の実施形態において、その抗体は、抗体が媒介する溶解のような、好ましくも望んでもいない免疫反応を引き起こさない。例えば、PCT/GB99/01441;英国特許出願番号9809951.8参照。いくつかの実施形態において、その定常領域は、以下の変異を含むヒト重鎖IgG2a定常領域を含有する:A330P331からS330S331(野生型のIgG2a配列を参照したアミノ酸番号づけ:Eur.J.Immunol.(1999)29:2613−2624参照)。
表3: A5重鎖可変領域アミノ酸配列。KabatのCDRは下線を引いた斜字体で示される;ChothiaのCDRは太字で示される。
表6: A5軽鎖全ヌクレオチド配列
アゴニスト抗体は、以下の方法のうち1つの以上を含む、当該分野で認識されている方法を利用して同定され得る。例えば、米国特許第5,766,863号および同第5,891,650号に記載されているキナーゼ受容体活性化(KIRA)アッセイが利用され得る。このELISAタイプのアッセイは、受容体タンパク質チロシンキナーゼ(rPTK、例えばtrk受容体のような)のキナーゼドメインの自己リン酸化の測定による、キナーゼ活性の定性的な測定および定量的な測定、ならびに選択されたrPTKの潜在的なアゴニストおよびアンタゴニストの同定および特徴付けに適している。そのアッセイの第1の段階は、キナーゼ受容体(この場ではtrkC受容体)のキナーゼドメインのリン酸化に関し、ここでその受容体は真核生物の細胞の細胞膜に存在する。その受容体は、内因性の受容体であってもよいし、またはその受容体もしくは受容体構築物をコードする核酸が、その細胞に形質転換されてもよい。代表的には、第1の固相(例えば、第1のアッセイのプレートのウェル)は、そのような細胞(通常は哺乳動物細胞株)の実質的に同質な集団で覆われ、よってその細胞はその固相に付着する。しばしば、その細胞は付着性であり、そのため第1の固相に自然に付着する。「受容体構築物」という用語が使用される場合、それは通常、キナーゼ受容体およびフラグポリペプチドの融合物を含む。そのフラグポリペプチドは、そのアッセイのELISA部分で、捕獲薬剤(しばしば、捕獲抗体)により認識される。次いで、検体(例えば、候補アゴニスト)が、付着細胞を有するウェルに加えられ、上記のチロシンキナーゼ受容体(例えばtrkC受容体)が検体に対して曝露(もしくは接触)される。このアッセイは、目的のチロシンキナーゼ受容体(例えばtrkC)に対するアゴニストリガンドの同定を可能にする。検体に対する曝露に続いて、溶解バッファー(バッファー中に可溶化界面活性剤を有する)および穏やかな攪拌を利用して付着細胞は可溶化され、それにより、細胞溶解物の濃縮や浄化の必要なく、そのアッセイのELISA部分に直接使用され得る細胞溶解物を遊離させる。
アゴニスト抗trkC抗体の様々な処方物が、投与に利用され得る。いくつかの実施形態において、アゴニスト抗trkC抗体は、それのみで投与され得る。いくつかの実施形態において、アゴニスト抗trkC抗体は、薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤を含む組成物として投与される。薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤は、当該分野において公知であり、そして薬学的に有効な物質の投与を促進する、比較的不活性な物質である。例えば、賦形剤は形状もしくは粘稠度を与え、または希釈剤として作用する。適した賦形剤としては、安定化剤、湿潤剤および乳化剤、浸透圧を変えるための塩、カプセル化剤、バッファー、そして皮膚透過強化剤が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。非経口のおよび経口の薬物送達のための賦形剤ならびに処方物は、Remington,The Science and Practice of Pharmacy 第20版、Mack Publishing(2000)に示されている。
タキソール誘導性腸障害の評価および診断は、当該分野において周知である。処置の有効性の評価は、様々な異なるレベルでなされ得る。当該分野において公知であるように、評価は臨床的な徴候をモニタリングすることによって行われ得る。いくつかの実施形態において、タキソール誘導性腸障害は以下の症状のうちのいずれかにより特徴付けられる:腹部の膨満、腹膜の腹水症、腸管の肥大(胃、大腸、小腸、盲腸および/もしくは結腸のうち1つ以上の肥大を含む)、低下したGI経路の運動性および低下したGI経路の長さ。いくつかの実施形態において、「タキソール誘導性腸障害」は、腸管の閉塞および/または便の軟化もしくは下痢により、特徴付けられる。
本発明はまた、本明細書中に記載される任意の方法において使用される組成物も提供する。本発明の方法において使用される組成物は、有効量のアゴニスト抗trkC抗体を含む。このような組成物の例、ならびに処方の仕方についてはまた、前の節および以下にも記載される。本発明で使用される組成物はさらに、凍結乾燥の処方物の形状において、もしくは水溶液の形状において、薬学的に受容可能なキャリア、賦形剤、もしくは安定剤(Remington:The Science and practice of Pharmacy 第20版(2000)Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,K.E.Hoover編集)を含み得る。受容可能なキャリア、賦形剤、もしくは安定剤は、その投薬量および濃度において、患者に無毒であり、そしてリン酸塩、クエン酸塩、および他の有機酸のようなバッファー;アスコルビン酸およびメチオニンを含む酸化防止剤;防腐剤(例えば、オクタデシルジメチルベンジル塩化アンモニウム;塩化ヘキサメトニウム;塩化ベンザルコニウム;塩化ベンゼトニウム;フェノール、ブチルアルコールもしくはベンジルアルコール;メチルパラベンもしくはプロピルパラベンのようなアルキルパラベン;カテコール;レゾルシノール;シクロヘキサノール;3−ペンタノール;およびm−クレゾール);低分子量(約10残基より少ない)ポリペプチド;血清アルブミン、ゼラチン、もしくは免疫グロブリンのようなタンパク質;ポリビニールピロリドンのような親水性ポリマー;グリシン、グルタミン、アスパラギン、ヒスチジン、アルギニン、もしくはリジンのようなアミノ酸;グルコース、マンノース、もしくはデキストランを含む、単糖類、二糖類、および他の炭水化物;EDTAのようなキレート剤;スクロース、マンニトール、トレハロースもしくはソルビトールのような糖;ナトリウムのような塩形成対イオン;錯塩(例えば、亜鉛タンパク質錯体);および/またはTWEENTM、PLURONICSTMもしくはポリエチレングリコール(PEG)のような非イオン性界面活性剤である。薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤は、本明細書中にさらに記載される。
本発明はまた、この方法に利用されるキットも提供する。本発明のキットは、抗trkCアゴニスト抗体を含む1つ以上の容器、そして本明細書に記載される本発明の方法のいずれかに従って利用するための説明書を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、これらの説明書は、個体がタキソール誘導性腸障害にかかっているかどうか、そして/もしくは個体がタキソール誘導性腸障害を発生するリスクがあるかどうかの同定に基づいて、処置に適した個体を選択するための説明を含み、さらに腸障害の処置および/もしくは予防のための上記trkCアゴニスト抗体の投与を説明し得る。
この実施例は、マウスモデルにおけるタキソール誘導性腸障害の発生、そしてアゴニスト抗trkC抗体による処置がそのタキソール誘導性腸障害の発生を改善することを実証する。
Claims (14)
- 哺乳動物のタキソール誘導性腸障害を処置する方法であって、該哺乳動物に有効量のアゴニスト抗trkC抗体を投与する工程を包含する、方法。
- 前記アゴニスト抗trkC抗体が、ヒトtrkCに結合する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アゴニスト抗trkC抗体が、ヒトtrkCおよびげっ歯類trkCに結合する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アゴニスト抗trkC抗体が、trkCのドメイン5にあるエピトープに結合する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記trkCが、ヒトtrkCである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記アゴニスト抗trkC抗体が、ヒト抗体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アゴニスト抗trkC抗体が、ヒト化抗体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アゴニスト抗trkC抗体が、モノクローナル抗体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アゴニスト抗trkC抗体が、配列番号1に示される重鎖可変領域由来のCDRを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アゴニスト抗trkC抗体が、配列番号2に示される軽鎖可変領域由来のCDRを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アゴニスト抗trkC抗体が、配列番号1に示される重鎖可変領域由来のCDRおよび配列番号2に示される軽鎖可変領域由来のCDRを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アゴニスト抗trkC抗体が、配列番号1に示される重鎖可変領域および配列番号2に示される軽鎖可変領域を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- タキソール誘導性腸障害を処置する薬学的組成物であって、有効量のアゴニスト抗trkC抗体および薬学的に受容可能なキャリアを含有する、薬学的組成物。
- タキソール誘導性腸障害を処置するキットであって、該タキソール誘導性腸障害を処置するための、アゴニスト抗trkC抗体および該アゴニスト抗trkC抗体を投与するための説明書を包む、キット。
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| US6180377B1 (en) * | 1993-06-16 | 2001-01-30 | Celltech Therapeutics Limited | Humanized antibodies |
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| JPH09506250A (ja) * | 1993-11-23 | 1997-06-24 | ジェネンテク,インコーポレイテッド | Rseと命名される蛋白チロシンキナーゼ |
| DK0730740T3 (da) * | 1993-11-23 | 1998-09-28 | Genentech Inc | Kinasereceptoraktiveringsassay |
| US5877016A (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 1999-03-02 | Genentech, Inc. | Human trk receptors and neurotrophic factor inhibitors |
| US6436908B1 (en) * | 1995-05-30 | 2002-08-20 | Duke University | Use of exogenous β-adrenergic receptor and β-adrenergic receptor kinase gene constructs to enhance myocardial function |
| US6265150B1 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2001-07-24 | Becton Dickinson & Company | Phage antibodies |
| PT912184E (pt) * | 1996-06-25 | 2002-12-31 | Cephalon Inc | Utilizacao de um derivado de k-252a para o tratamento de doencas do sietma nervoso central ou periferico e sobre-producao de citoquina |
| JP2001527402A (ja) * | 1997-04-25 | 2001-12-25 | ジェネンテック,インコーポレーテッド | Ngf変異体 |
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| WO2001098361A2 (en) * | 2000-06-22 | 2001-12-27 | Genentech, Inc. | Agonist anti-trk-c monoclonal antibodies |
| AU2001286930A1 (en) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-03-13 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Glucocorticoid blocking agents for increasing blood-brain barrier permeability |
| JP2006513187A (ja) * | 2002-12-23 | 2006-04-20 | ライナット ニューロサイエンス コーポレイション | タキソール誘発性感覚性ニューロパシーを処置するための方法 |
| AR054260A1 (es) * | 2005-04-26 | 2007-06-13 | Rinat Neuroscience Corp | Metodos de tratamiento de enfermedades de la neurona motora inferior y composiciones utilizadas en los mismos |
-
2004
- 2004-03-22 US US10/549,441 patent/US20070014786A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-03-22 EP EP04758063A patent/EP1620127A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-22 WO PCT/US2004/008865 patent/WO2004084836A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-03-22 JP JP2006507490A patent/JP2006520806A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2004084836A2 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
| WO2004084836A3 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
| US20070014786A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
| EP1620127A2 (en) | 2006-02-01 |
| EP1620127A4 (en) | 2007-04-04 |
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