JP2007106671A - Building material composition - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To provide a building material that can effectively use vermiculite as a natural resource and can satisfy humidity control and / or deodorization, as well as aesthetic demands, and is particularly excellent in the amount and speed of moisture absorption and desorption.
SOLUTION: Unexpanded vermiculite is blended with a substrate selected from one or more of cement, calcium silicate and slag gypsum, and the blending amount is 5 to 70% by mass of the total composition (solid content). A building material composition.
[Selection figure] None

Description

  The present invention relates to a building material composition, a building material using the same, and a method for producing them.

  Conventionally, in the production of building materials, base materials are selected for various purposes, and various materials are often blended with these various base materials.

  Among them, vermiculite is one of the mineral materials. This vermiculite (hillstone) is a clay mineral similar to biotite, and expands remarkably in a direction perpendicular to the layer by dehydration at a high temperature, and becomes a porous body extending like a hill. For this reason, since it has excellent heat insulation and sound absorption properties, it is intended to reduce the weight of the building materials (fillers, fillers) to the base material, as well as various building materials such as heat insulation materials and sound absorption materials as the base material. Often used together. On the other hand, vermiculite is not considered as a humidity control material because it does not have a high moisture absorption capacity.

  Therefore, as described above, when vermiculite is blended with building materials, it is usual to use expanded vermiculite for the purpose of weight reduction and the like. For example, it is used as a lightweight aggregate in cement products such as mortar and concrete. On the other hand, unexpanded vermiculite does not provide the advantages such as the above-mentioned weight reduction, so a small amount of up to several percent is used as a base material for special purposes that make use of its acid resistance and alkali resistance characteristics. It is only blended. In addition, an attempt has been made to fix a board made of substantially unexpanded vermiculite as a base material on the back side portion of the inner wall, etc., and expand it in the event of a fire to prevent the spread of fire. It is used as a specific base material used.

  On the other hand, the building materials themselves have been proposed to be provided with various functions in order to be differentiated from competing products. Among them, various studies have been made on humidity control (moisture absorption / desorption) and / or deodorization, and also a building material with an aesthetic appearance, but no satisfactory one has been found yet. That is, these have obtained a certain result by using one having a large specific surface area, but in particular, there are many cases in which the moisture retention rate is too strong and the moisture release rate is difficult.

  Therefore, the present inventor intends to make further effective use of vermiculite as a natural resource, and can satisfy the demands of humidity control and / or deodorization, and also aesthetics, and is particularly excellent in the amount and speed of moisture absorption and desorption. Various studies were conducted to find out.

  As a result, surprisingly, the moisture-releasing ability can be remarkably improved by blending unexpanded vermiculite with a base material, in particular, a hydraulic material that is hygroscopic but insufficiently moisture-releasing, and can solve the above-mentioned problems. The present invention has been found.

  That is, the gist of the present invention is that unexpanded vermiculite is blended with a substrate selected from one or more of cement, calcium silicate, and slag gypsum, and the blending amount is 5 to 5 of the total composition (solid content). It exists in the building material composition which is 70 mass%, the building material which shape | molds this, and these manufacturing methods.

  According to the present invention, the building material has an excellent balance especially in the amount and speed of moisture absorption and desorption, which can further satisfy the demands of humidity control and / or deodorization, and further aesthetics, with further effective use of vermiculite as a natural resource. Can be provided.

  The substrate used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not substantially deteriorate the properties of vermiculite described below, but is preferably hydrophilic from the viewpoint of humidity control and / or deodorization. is there. This is because the hydrophilic substrate itself also has a humidity control and / or deodorizing function, and further, the unexpanded vermiculite can adsorb a substance diffused from the surface. Such hydrophilic substrates include, for example, cement, calcium silicate, slag gypsum, or the like. These can be used together as appropriate. As the cement, various cements including Portland cement can be used. In this case, aggregates and admixtures are used. The calcium silicate is not particularly limited, but calcium silicate (tobermorite or zonotlite) obtained by hydrothermal reaction of a siliceous raw material and lime in an autoclave is common. The slag gypsum generally contains 20 to 40% of granulated blast furnace slag powder and 60 to 80% of dihydrate gypsum (exhaust gypsum) and 1 to 5% of Portland cement.

On the other hand, in the present invention, the vermiculite blended in the base material is a flaky mineral mainly composed of SiO ₂ , MgO, Al ₂ O ₃ , and may be either a general biotite system or a chlorite system. Even if there is a difference in composition depending on the production area, it can be used. The specific surface area (nitrogen adsorption method) is usually 10 m ² / g or less. The particle size is not particularly limited, but is usually 5 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or less, particularly preferably 0.5 mm or less. For example, fine-grained products of 0.25 mm or less are not suitable for tailoring because they are not suitable for expanded vermiculite, but surprisingly fine-grained by ore grinding, beneficiation, drying and sieving. This shows that dehydration and alteration of the interlayer water of vermiculite is less (change of the bilayer water between layers to a monolayer), and can be used preferably in the present invention. This is because two molecules of interlayer water are more suitable for moisture conditioning and deodorizing properties.

  In the present invention, such vermiculite is used in a substantially unexpanded state. That is, vermiculite usually contains about 10 to 20% of water, and is dehydrated and expanded significantly by rapid heating at a high temperature (about 320 ° C. to 1000 ° C. at which interlayer water begins to desorb). 1-2 seconds, 10-30 times the original thickness). Accordingly, in the present invention, a material that does not substantially obtain such expansion is used.

Furthermore, in the present invention, it is preferable to use a product that has been activated prior to blending the vermiculite into the substrate. The purpose of the activation treatment is to remove organic or inorganic substances adsorbed by vermiculite, and to reconstitute and recover the inherent humidity conditioning, adsorption performance, and the like. For example, pressurized steaming, boiling with saline, and the like can be mentioned, but steaming at a saturated steam pressure of 105 ° C. to 200 ° C. is preferable.

  In particular, when the substrate is a calcium silicate system, even if vermiculite that has not been activated is blended before the hydrothermal reaction, it is then autoclaved at a saturated vapor pressure of, for example, about 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. As a result, activation processing is performed.

  The blending of vermiculite into the substrate is performed so that the blending amount is 5 to 70% by mass, preferably 10% to 50% by mass of the total composition (solid content). It is selected according to the type of base material and the performance of the desired building material, such as humidity control, etc., but to form sufficient channeling (network) of vermiculite to obtain a suitable amount and speed of moisture absorption / release. Is generally particularly preferably 15% by mass or more.

  In the building material composition of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned unexpanded vermiculite, various compounding materials inherently used for each base material for building materials for other purposes, and other materials can be appropriately blended. The kind and amount of blending can be determined by conventional methods. For example, aggregates, reinforcing materials, admixtures, lightening materials, and more specifically, pulp, cellulose fiber, glass fiber, fumed silica, foam glass, shirasu balloon, alumina balloon, perlite, wollastonite, sepiolite, Gravel, sand, organic binder and the like are appropriately selected.

  The resulting building material composition of the present invention can be made into a building material having a desired shape and size, such as a board, by conventional methods such as papermaking, extrusion, press molding, and casting. In general, in the case of a board, papermaking molding using a so-called papermaking machine is industrially selected.

  In the moisture absorption / release test described in Reference Example 1 described later, the building material of the present invention preferably has a moisture absorption / release rate when the relative humidity is changed to 60 to 90%. 90% or more, moisture release: 25 minutes or less, more preferably 20 minutes or less.

  The building material thus obtained is preferably used as an interior material such as a wall material, a ceiling material, and a partition material, but can also be used as an exterior material such as an eaves ceiling material.

The building material of the present invention can satisfy humidity control and / or deodorization as well as aesthetic demands. That is,
1. Since it has moderate moisture release characteristics, it has excellent humidity control function. For example, the balance, amount and speed of moisture absorption and moisture release are excellent.

Therefore, it is possible to prevent condensation, warping, and the like, and to effectively suppress the growth of mold, mites, and the like.
2. Excellent deodorant function. For example, the building material of the present invention can adsorb volatile chemicals such as formaldehyde, toluene, xylene or odorous gases.
3. Furthermore, the unexpanded vermiculite particles can be raised by surface polishing or the like to form a granite-like surface, and a board material or the like having a beautiful appearance can be easily provided.
4). About the product which received the autoclave process in the manufacturing process, it is possible to collect | recover the used building materials of this invention, and to reproduce | regenerate by carrying out the steam process of about 105-150 degreeC with an autoclave as it is. This is because vermiculite does not react with the substrate.
5. As a raw material for expanded vermiculite, a non-standard fine-grained product can be used rather preferably, so that resources can be used effectively.

  EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited by these Examples. The part represents part by mass.

Example 1
27 parts of silica powder as a siliceous raw material, 27 parts of slaked lime as a calcareous raw material, 6 parts of pulp as a reinforcing fiber, and unexpanded vermiculite (from South Africa, particle size of 0.25 to 0.5 mm)
) 40 parts as a starting material, water was added to these and mixed to form a slurry with a solid content of about 12%, and a green sheet was formed by a paper machine, then in an autoclave (160 to 180 ° C., about 10
Time) and then dried to a predetermined water content at less than 80 ° C. to obtain a calcium silicate board (30 cm × 30 cm × 6 mm).
Example 2
A calcium silicate board was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 using 42 parts of silica powder, 42 parts of slaked lime, 6 parts of pulp, and 10 parts of unexpanded vermiculite.
Example 3
Water was added to and mixed with 16 parts of slag powder, 38 parts of flue gas desulfurized gypsum powder, 6 parts of pulp and 40 parts of unexpanded vermiculite to obtain a slurry having a solid content of about 12%. Next, a green sheet was formed with a paper machine, then steam cured at about 80 ° C. for about 12 hours, and further dried at less than 80 ° C. to obtain a slag gypsum board (30 cm × 30 cm × 6 mm).
Example 4
60 parts of hemihydrate gypsum, 40 parts of unexpanded vermiculite and 24 parts of water are mixed, the resulting mixture is cast into a predetermined mold to form a plate, then cured at room temperature, and further dried at less than 80 ° C. A gypsum board (30 cm × 30 cm × 6 mm) was obtained.
Reference example 1
(Moisture absorption / release test)
With the following measuring method, the moisture absorption rate and the moisture absorption / absorption rate of the present invention and the commercially available building materials were measured.
(1) Measuring method / device Measuring device: “IGA SORP” manufactured by Heiden Analytical Ltd.
Measurement method: Measured by filling a sample basket with the powder sample as it is and adjusting the lump sample to about 2 to 3 mm.

Measurement item: Moisture absorption at relative humidity 0-90%
Moisture absorption at relative humidity 60-90%
Moisture absorption rate from 60% to 90% relative humidity
Moisture release rate from 90% to 60% relative humidity Moisture absorption and moisture release rates were repeated in 30 minute cycles.
(2) Measurement sample The present invention: The following boards obtained in Examples 1 to 4 Example 1 Calcium silicate board containing 40 wt% unexpanded vermiculite Example 2 Calcium silicate board containing 10 wt% unexpanded vermiculite Example 3 Unexpanded Vermiculite 40wt% -containing slag gypsum board Example 4 Unexpanded vermiculite 40wt% -containing gypsum board Comparative products: AG
A Allophane firing board (commercially available)
B Allophane (from Tochigi)
C Zeolite 30wt% slag gypsum board (commercially available)
D Zeolite (Miyagi)
E Calcium silicate board containing 40% diatomaceous earth (commercially available)
F Diatomaceous earth (from Akita)
G Calcium silicate board containing 40 wt% expanded vermiculite (obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that expanded vermiculite was used)
H Calcium silicate board (In Example 1, obtained using 47 parts of silica, 47 parts of slaked lime and 6 parts of pulp)
(3) Table 1 shows the measurement results.

These results show that the building material of the present invention has an excellent balance between amount and speed in moisture absorption / release characteristics. As a result of the 30-minute period test of moisture absorption and desorption, the building material of the present invention has a good balance of moisture absorption and desorption, so the baseline at the time of moisture desorption was kept constant. It has been shown that the baseline rises to the right over time because cannot catch up. From the above, it can be seen that the building material of the present invention is less likely to condense.
Reference example 2
The vermiculite was autoclaved at about 180 ° C. to see the effect of water vapor treatment on moisture absorption and desorption characteristics. The results are shown in Table 2.

Example 5
Water was mixed with 27 parts of quartzite powder, 33 parts of slaked lime and 40 parts of unexpanded vermiculite to form a slurry having a solid content of about 12%, and this was subjected to a pressure curing treatment in an autoclave (190 to 200 ° C., about 10 hours). Subsequently, it was dried at a temperature below 80 ° C. until a predetermined moisture content was obtained, thereby obtaining a zonotlite-based calcium silicate board.

  According to the moisture absorption / release test measured by the method described in Reference Example 1, the moisture absorption amount was slightly smaller and the moisture release rate was slightly higher than that of the calcium silicate of Example 1.

  Vermiculite can be further effectively used as a natural resource to provide a building material that can satisfy humidity control and / or deodorization, as well as aesthetic demands, and is particularly excellent in the balance between the amount of moisture absorbed and released.

Claims (13)

  A building material composition comprising unexpanded vermiculite blended with a base material selected from one or more of cement, calcium silicate, and slag gypsum, and the blending amount is 5 to 70% by mass of the total composition (solid content). .   The building material composition according to claim 1, wherein the blending amount is 10 to 50% by mass of the total composition (solid content).   The building material composition according to claim 1, wherein the vermiculite is an activated vermiculite.   The building material composition according to claim 1, wherein vermiculite is activated after blending.   The building material composition according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the activation treatment is a steam treatment.   The building material composition according to claim 5, wherein the steam is saturated steam at 105 to 200 ° C.   Furthermore, the building material composition of Claim 1 formed by mix | blending an aggregate, a reinforcing material, an admixture, and / or a weight reduction material.   Building material composition by blending unexpanded vermiculite with a base material selected from one or more of cement, calcium silicate, and slag gypsum so that the blending amount is 5 to 70% by mass of the total composition (solid content). The manufacturing method of the building material composition characterized by obtaining.   The manufacturing method according to claim 8, wherein the vermiculite is an activated vermiculite.   A building material formed by molding the building material composition according to claim 1.   The building material according to claim 10, wherein the molding is papermaking molding, extrusion molding, press molding, or cast molding.   The building material according to claim 10, wherein the building material is an interior material.   Building material composition by blending unexpanded vermiculite with a base material selected from one or more of cement, calcium silicate, and slag gypsum so that the blending amount is 5 to 70% by mass of the total composition (solid content). Then, the building material composition is molded to obtain a building material.