JP2008532468A - 電力送信の方法、装置及びシステム - Google Patents
電力送信の方法、装置及びシステム Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
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- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
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- H04B1/04—Circuits
- H04B2001/0408—Circuits with power amplifiers
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
本発明は、負荷に電力を供給するレシーバであって、DC−DC変換器を有していないレシーバへの電力送信に関するものである。より具体的には、本発明は、負荷に電力を供給するためのレシーバへの電力送信に関するものであり、電力はパルスで送信され、レシーバは望ましくはDC−DC変換器を有しておらず、又は、電力のパルスは如何なるデータも含んでおらず、又は、レシーバは、DC−DC変換器を駆動するクロックとしてパルスを用いない電力送信に関するものである。
現行の無線周波数(RF)電力送信手法は、連続波(CW)システムを使用している。これは、トランスミッタが、定量の電力を遠隔ユニット(アンテナ、整流器、デバイス)へ連続的に供給するものである。しかしながら、整流器の効率は、アンテナによって受信された電力に比例する。この問題に対処するために、電力送信の新規な方法が開発されており、この方法には、送信された電力をパルシングすること(pulsing)(オン/オフ・キーイング(OOK)搬送周波数)が含まれる。
本発明は、負荷に電力を供給するレシーバであって、DC−DC変換器を有していないレシーバへ電力を送信するトランスミッタに関するものである。トランスミッタには、電力のパルスを生成するパルス発生器を含んでいる。トランスミッタは、パルス発生器と通信可能に接続されるアンテナを含んでおり、アンテナを通じて、パルスはトランスミッタから送信される。
図面を参照すると、幾つかの図を通じて同様の符号は同様又は同一の部品を示しており、より具体的には、図2では、トランスミッタ(12)を示しており、該トランスミッタ(12)は、負荷(16)に電力を供給するレシーバ(32)であって、DC−DC変換器(36)を有していないレシーバ(32)へ電力を送信する。トランスミッタ(12)は、電力のパルスを生成するパルス発生器(14)を含んでいる。トランスミッタ(12)は、パルス発生器(14)と通信可能に接続されるアンテナ(18)を含んでおり、該アンテナ(18)を通じて、パルスがトランスミッタ(12)から送信される。
PAVG=PPEAK(TPULSE)/TPERIOD
パルスは、任意のISM帯域又はFM無線帯域でも送信することができる。
発明の実施に際し、現行の無線周波数(RF)電力送信の手法では、連続波(CW)システムが使用されている。これは、トランスミッタ(12)が、定量の電力を遠隔ユニット(アンテナ、整流器、デバイス)に連続的に供給するものである。しかしながら、整流器(28)の効率は、アンテナ(18)によって受信された電力に比例する。この問題に対処するために、電力送信の新規な方法が開発されており、この方法には、送信された電力をパルシングすること(オン/オフ・キーイング(OOK)搬送周波数)が含まれる。送信のパルシングは、高いピーク電力レベルで、CWシステムに相当する平均値を得ることを可能にする。この概念を図1a〜図1dに示している。各パルスは、振幅が異なっていてもよいことに着目すべきである。
1.システム(10)の全体的な効率は、整流器(28)の効率の増大によって増大する。これを説明するために、表3のデータを試験することができる。CWシステム(100%デューティサイクル)は、1.00%PTMが27.821uWを得る時、0.255uWの電力を受信して変換できた。これは、10,000%倍以上の効率増大である。
2.CWシステムと平均を比較すると、より大きい出力電圧を得ることができる。これは、整流器(28)の効率の増大に起因している。さらに、それは、大電力パルスをファクターとしており、図2中、フィルタ(30)への入力にて大電圧パルスが生成される。大電圧パルスは、フィルタ処理され、負荷(16)が大きいと想定して、より大きい電圧をもたらす。
3.システム効率が増加することによって、より少ない平均送信電力の使用で、同じ受信DC電力の獲得が可能となる。これは、以下の利点をもたらす。
a.トランスミッタからの人間の安全距離(人間の安全距離は、人が送信源からどれだけ離れなければならない人かを説明する用語であって、FCCの人間安全規則によって許容されるRF電界強度よりも高いRF電界強度に曝されないことを保証するものである。例えば、915MHzでの一般的な集団暴露に対する許容電界強度は、0.61mW/cm2である。)は、平均送信電力の低減によって減少する。
b.平均トランスミッタ電力が少ないほど、帯域数(例えばISM帯域のような、ライセンスを必要としない帯域)が増加しても操業が可能となる。
c.認可帯域において、平均トランスミッタ電力が減少することは、認可電力量の減少と採ることができる。
複数のトランスミッタ(12)が使用される場合、パルス送信法は、別の共通の問題、即ち、位相キャンセレーション(phase cancellation)の解決することができる。この問題は、2つ(又はそれ以上)の波が相互に影響を及ぼす場合に引き起こされる。1つの波は、他の波と180度位相がずれる場合、対向する位相はキャンセル又は小さくなり、電力が殆ど又は全く得られず、その領域は空(null)となる。パルス送信法は、非CW特性により、この問題を軽減する。これにより、各トランスミッタ(12)にタイムスロットを割り当てることで、複数のトランスミッタ(12)をキャンセレーションされることなく、同時に使用することが可能となり、1つのパルスのみが所定時間でアクティブとなる。トランスミッタ(12)の数が少ない場合、パルス衝突の可能性が低いため、タイムスロットは必要にはならないであろう。システム(10)のハードウェアを図4aに示しており、信号を図4bに示している。コントロール信号は、その割り当てられたタイムスロットに対して各トランスミッタ(12)をアクティブにするために使用される。タイムスロットセレクタ(38)は、信号を周波数発生器(20)及び/又は増幅器(22)に提供することによって、送信ブロックをイネーブル又はディスエーブルにし、マイクロコントローラを含む多くの方法で実行される。
方法2を拡張すると、タイムスロット割当の必要性が排除される。この方法において、複数のチャンネル(周波数)は、トランスミッタ(12)間の相互影響を排除するのに用いられる。複数のチャンネルを使用することで、チャンネル間隔が近い場合でも、受信アンテナ(18)及び整流器(28)によって、すべての周波数の受信が可能となり、トランスミッタ(12)を同時に作動させることができる。このシステム(10)は、図5に示されており、そこで、各周波数発生器(20)は、異なる周波数に設定される。すべてのブロックを表1に記載している。
前述した3つの方法には、多くの拡張を行なうことができる。それらには以下のものが含まれる。
連続パルスのパルス幅及び周期を、時間によって変化させることができることは注目すべきである。さらに、各タイムスロットの時間長は、異なっていてもよく、時間によって変化してもよい。
セクション
[連邦規制基準]
[第47編、第1巻]
[2003年10月1日改訂]
GPOアクセス経由で米国政府印刷局から
[出典:47CFR15.243]
[750ページ]
第47編−−電気通信
第1章−−連邦通信委員会
第15部−−無線周波デバイス−目次
C項−−インテンショナル・ラジエータ
Sec.15.243 帯域890〜940MHzにおける操業
(a)このセクションの規定に基づく操業は、無線周波数エネルギーを使用し、材料の特性を測定するデバイスに限定される。このセクションの規定に基づき操作されるデバイスは、音声通信又は如何なるその他のタイプのメッセージの送信に使用してはならない。
(b)特定の周波数帯域内で放射されるエミッションの電界強度は、30メーターで、500マイクロボルト/メーターを越えないものとする。この章におけるエミッションの限界は、平均値検波器を用いた測定装置に基づく。ピークエミッションの限界についてのSec.15.35の規定が適用される。
(c)特定帯域外の周波数で放射されるエミッションの電界強度は、Sec.15.209における一般的な放射エミッションの限界を越えないものとする。
(d)デバイスは、内蔵型であって、このセクションの規定と矛盾する方法で操作可能に調整できる外部又は容易にアクセス可能なコントローラを有しない。デバイスとともに使用されるアンテナは、デバイスに固定して取り付けられており、ユーザによって容易に変更できないものとする。
([751ページ])
セクション
[連邦規制基準]
[第47編、第1巻]
[2003年10月1日改訂]
GPOアクセス経由で米国政府印刷局から
[出典:47CFR15.35]
[701〜702ページ]
第47編−−電気通信
第1章−−連邦通信委員会
第15部−−無線周波デバイス−目次
A項−−一般
Sec.15.35 検出器の機能と帯域幅の測定
この部に示される伝導され、放射されるエミッションの限界は、この部以外で他に特定しない限り、下記に基づく。
(a)1000MHz以下の如何なる周波数においても、提示される限界は、特に規定のない限り、CISPRピーク値検出器の機能と関連する測定帯域幅を用いる測定機器に基づく。CISPRピーク値検出器を用いた測定機器の仕様は、国際電気標準会議の国際無線干渉特別委員会(CISPR)の刊行物16に載っている。CISPRピーク値測定に代えて、責任ある当事者は、CISPRピーク値測定について示されたのと同じ帯域幅が用いられる限り([702ページ])、その裁量により、パルスの感度を抑圧(pulse desensitization)させるファクターとして適切に調整された、ピーク検出器機能を用いた測定機器を使用して、エミッションの限界順守をデモンストレーションすることもできる。
注意:パルス繰返し周波数が20Hz以下のパルス変調デバイス、及び、CISPRピーク値測定が特定されることについて、規則の順守は、CISPRピーク値測定について示された帯域幅を使用し、パルス感度を抑圧させるファクターとして適当に調整された、ピーク検出器機能を用いる測定機器を使用してデモンストレーションすることができる。
(b)特に指定のない限り、如何なる周波数又は1000MHzを越える周波数において、提示される放射限界は、平均値検波器の機能を用いた測定機器の使用に基づく。1000MHz未満のエミッション測定を含む平均放射エミッションの測定がこの部で特定される場合、さらに、無線周波数エミッションの制限があり、それは、異なるピークエミッションの限界が、例えばSecs.15.255、15.509及び15.511を参照するように、規則に別途規定されない限り、調査対象となる周波数に対して最大の許容可能な平均限界を越える20dBに対応して、ピーク検出の機能を有する機器を用いて測定される。他に規定の内限り、1000MHzを越える測定は、最小の分解帯域幅が1MHzの機器を用いて行なう。AC電力線の伝導エミッションの測定は、平均放射エミッション測定が特定されているデバイスであっても、CISPRピーク値検出器を使用して行なわれる。
(c)例えばSec.15.255(b)のように特に指定のない限り、放射エミッションの限界は、エミッションの平均値に関して表すことができ、パルス操作を使用でき、電界強度の測定は、1つの完全なパルス列を平均化することによって決定される。パルス列には、パルス列が0.1秒を越えない限り、空白インターバル(blanking intervals)が含まれる。代替(トランスミッタが0.1秒より長く稼働した場合)として、又は、パルス列が0.1秒を越える場合には、測定される電界強度は、0.1秒インターバル中の平均絶対電圧から決定され、該インターバル中で、電界強度は、その最大値となる。平均電界強度を算出する正確な方法を、認証申請書と共に提出、又は、通知又は検証を受ける機器に関する測定データファイルに保管しなければならない。
[1989年4月25日54FR17714、補正:1991年3月29日56FR13083、1996年4月2日61FR14502、1998年8月7日63FR42279、2002年5月16日67FR34855]
Claims (32)
- 負荷に電力を供給するレシーバであって、DC−DC変換器を有さないレシーバに、電力を送信するトランスミッタであって、
電力のパルスを生成するパルス発生器と、
パルス発生器と通信可能に接続されるアンテナであり、パルスをトランスミッタから送信するアンテナと、
を含んでいるトランスミッタ。 - パルス発生器は、出力を有する周波数発生器と、周波数発生器及びアンテナに通信可能に接続される増幅器とを含んでいる、請求項1に記載のトランスミッタ。
- 周波数発生器又は増幅器を制御し、パルスを形成するイネーブラを含んでいる、請求項2に記載のトランスミッタ。
- イネーブラは、パルス間の時間長を、パルスの送信周波数の関数として規定する、請求項3に記載のトランスミッタ。
- 時間長は、周波数発生器の出力の1サイクルの半分より大きい、請求項4に記載のトランスミッタ。
- 送信パルスの電力は、連続波電力送信システムの平均電力に等しい、請求項5に記載のトランスミッタ。
- パルスの平均電力Pavgは、PAVG=PPEAK(TPULSE)/TPERIODによって決定される、請求項6に記載のトランスミッタ。
- パルスは任意のISM帯域によって送信される、請求項7に記載のトランスミッタ。
- パルスは任意のFM無線帯域によって送信される、請求項7に記載のトランスミッタ。
- パルス発生器は、パルス間の連続的な電力を生成する、請求項1に記載のトランスミッタ。
- パルス発生器は、パルスを異なる出力周波数にて連続的に生成する、請求項1に記載のトランスミッタ。
- パルス発生器は、異なる増幅のパルスを生成する、請求項1に記載のトランスミッタ。
- パルス発生器は、複数の周波数発生器と、増幅器と、周波数発生器及び増幅器に通信可能に接続される周波数セレクタとを含んでおり、周波数セレクタは、周波数発生器から増幅器への正確な周波数を決定し、ルート付ける、請求項12に記載のトランスミッタ。
- パルス発生器は、パルス間でデータを送信する、請求項1に記載のトランスミッタ。
- パルス発生器は、パルス内にデータを送信する、請求項1に記載のトランスミッタ。
- 周波数発生器又は増幅器を制御し、パルスを形成するゲインコントロールを含んでいる、請求項2に記載のトランスミッタ。
- ゲインコントロールは、パルス間の時間長を、パルスの送信周波数の関数として規定する、請求項16に記載のトランスミッタ。
- 電力送信のためのシステムであって、
如何なるデータも含まない電力のパルスのみを送信するトランスミッタと、
電力トランスミッタによって送信された電力のパルスを受信し、負荷に電力を供給するレシーバと、
を含んでいるシステム。 - レシーバは整流器を含んでいる、請求項18に記載のシステム。
- 整流器の効率は、電力のパルスを受信することによって、対応する連続波電力送信システムと比較して、5パーセント以上増大される、請求項19に記載のシステム。
- 整流器効率は、対応する連続波電力送信システムと比較して、100パーセント以上増大される、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 負荷に電力を供給するレシーバに電力を送信する方法であって、
パルス発生器を用いて電力のパルスを生成するステップ、及び、
パルス発生器と通信可能に接続されるアンテナを通じて、負荷に電力を供給するレシーバにパルスを送信するステップと、
を含んでいる方法。 - 電力を送信する方法であって、
トランスミッタを用いて電力のパルスを送信するステップ、及び、
電力トランスミッタによって送信された電力のパルスを、負荷に電力を供給するレシーバにて受信するステップであって、該レシーバは、電力のパルスを受信することによって、対応する連続波電力送信システムと比較して効率が増大する整流器を有しているステップ、
電力を送信する方法。 - 負荷に電力を供給するレシーバに電力を送信する装置であって、
複数のトランスミッタを含んでおり、各トランスミッタ、負荷に電力を供給するレシーバによって受信される電力のパルスを生成する装置。 - 各トランスミッタと通信可能に接続されるコントローラを含んでおり、各トランスミッタは、コントローラによって関連するタイムスロットが割り当てられており、複数のトランスミッタからの唯一のパルスが所定時間で送信される、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 複数のタイムスロットセレクタを含んでおり、各トランスミッタは、複数のタイムスロットセレクタに対応するタイムスロットセレクタと通信可能に接続されており、コントローラは、各セレクタにコントロール信号を発し、割り当てられたタイムスロットに対応するトランスミッタを作動する、請求項25に記載の装置。
- 負荷に電力を供給するレシーバに電力を送信する方法であって、
複数のトランスミッタを有する装置から、負荷に電力を供給するレシーバによって受信される電力のパルスを生成することを含んでいる方法。 - 電力送信のためのシステムであって、
電力のパルスを送信するトランスミッタと、
電力トランスミッタによって送信された電力のパルスを受信し、負荷に電力を供給するが、クロック信号としてパルスを用いないレシーバと、
を含んでいるシステム。 - 電力送信のためのシステムであって、
電力のパルスを送信する手段と、
送信手段によって送信された電力のパルスを受信し、負荷に電力を供給するが、クロック信号にパルスを用いない受信手段と、
を含んでいるシステム。 - 電力送信のためのシステムであって、
如何なるデータも含まない電力のパルスだけを送信する手段と、
送信手段によって送信された電力のパルスを受信し、負荷に電力を供給する手段と、
を含んでいるシステム。 - 負荷に電力を供給するレシーバであって、DC−DC変換器を有していないレシーバに電力を送信するトランスミッタであって、
電力のパルスを生成する手段と、
パルシング手段と通信可能に接続されるアンテナであって、パルスをトランスミッタから送信するアンテナと、
を含んでいるトランスミッタ。 - 負荷に電力を供給するレシーバに電力を送信する装置であって、
如何なるデータも含まない電力のパルスだけを生成するトランスミッタと、
トランスミッタと通信可能に接続されるアンテナであり、パルスをトランスミッタから送信するアンテナと、
を含んでいる装置。
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| US65616505P | 2005-02-24 | 2005-02-24 | |
| PCT/US2006/005735 WO2006091499A2 (en) | 2005-02-24 | 2006-02-16 | Method, apparatus and system for power transmitssion |
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| JP (1) | JP2008532468A (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20070105342A (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2006216920B2 (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX2007009837A (es) | 2007-08-23 |
| AU2006216920B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
| WO2006091499A3 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
| WO2006091499A2 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
| US20060199620A1 (en) | 2006-09-07 |
| EP1854219A2 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
| CA2596694A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
| AU2006216920A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
| KR20070105342A (ko) | 2007-10-30 |
| EP1854219A4 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
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