JP2009540047A - 微小球 - Google Patents
微小球 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2009540047A JP2009540047A JP2009514238A JP2009514238A JP2009540047A JP 2009540047 A JP2009540047 A JP 2009540047A JP 2009514238 A JP2009514238 A JP 2009514238A JP 2009514238 A JP2009514238 A JP 2009514238A JP 2009540047 A JP2009540047 A JP 2009540047A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- microspheres
- weight
- unsaturated monomer
- vinyl ether
- ethylenically unsaturated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000103 Expandable microsphere Polymers 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 alkyl vinyl ether Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical group COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000962 poly(amidoamine) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000057 Mannan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 41
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001944 Plastisol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004999 plastisol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000896 Ethulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001859 Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- HSHXDCVZWHOWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N'-hexadecylthiophene-2-carbohydrazide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNNC(=O)c1cccs1 HSHXDCVZWHOWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019326 ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYYDPBCUIJTIBM-DYOGSRDZSA-N (2r,3s,4s,5r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(4r,5s)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-4-methoxyoxane-3,5-diol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)OC1OC1[C@H]2OCC1OC(C)[C@H]2O GYYDPBCUIJTIBM-DYOGSRDZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXHDVRATSGZISC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenoxy)ethane Chemical compound C=COCCOC=C ZXHDVRATSGZISC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(prop-2-enyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound C=CCN1C(=O)N(CC=C)C(=O)N(CC=C)C1=O KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3,5-di(prop-2-enoyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)N1CN(C(=O)C=C)CN(C(=O)C=C)C1 FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFCMNSHQOZQILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XFCMNSHQOZQILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GXDHCNNESPLIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexane Natural products CCCCC(C)C GXDHCNNESPLIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium oxalate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical class [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010421 standard material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000468 styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004636 vulcanized rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/50—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by form
- D21H21/52—Additives of definite length or shape
- D21H21/54—Additives of definite length or shape being spherical, e.g. microcapsules, beads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/14—Polymerisation; cross-linking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
- C08J9/20—Making expandable particles by suspension polymerisation in the presence of the blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/106—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/22—Expandable microspheres, e.g. Expancel®
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of nitriles
- C08J2333/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (23)
- 推進剤をカプセル封入する、エチレン性不飽和モノマーから作られたポリマーシェルを含む熱膨張性の熱可塑性微小球であって、該エチレン性不飽和モノマーは、20〜80重量%のアクリロニトリルおよび1〜70重量%の1個だけの炭素-炭素二重結合を有するビニルエーテルを含み、アクリロニトリルおよび1個だけの炭素-炭素二重結合を有するビニルエーテルの合計量がエチレン性不飽和モノマーの30〜100重量%である、熱膨張性の熱可塑性微小球。
- 該エチレン性不飽和モノマーが、40〜80重量%のアクリロニトリルを含む請求項1記載の微小球。
- 該不飽和モノマーが、5〜50重量%の1個だけの炭素-炭素二重結合を有するビニルエーテルを含む請求項1〜2のいずれか1項記載の微小球。
- アクリロニトリルおよび1個だけの炭素-炭素二重結合を有するビニルエーテルの合計量が、エチレン性不飽和モノマーの50〜100重量%である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の微小球。
- 該1個だけの炭素-炭素二重結合を有するビニルエーテルがアルキルビニルエーテルである請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の微小球。
- アルキル基が1〜10個の炭素原子を有する請求項5記載の微小球。
- アルキルビニルエーテルが、メチルビニルエーテル、エチルビニルエーテルおよびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される請求項6記載の微小球。
- 該エチレン性不飽和モノマーが、メタクリロニトリルを含む請求項1〜7のいずれか1項記載の微小球。
- 該エチレン性不飽和モノマーが、ハロゲン含有モノマーを実質的に含まないか、または10重量%未満のハロゲン含有モノマーを含む請求項1〜8のいずれか1項記載の微小球。
- 該推進剤が、プロパン、n-ブタン、イソブタンまたはイソペンタンのうちの少なくとも1種を含む請求項1〜9のいずれか1項記載の微小球。
- T開始が40〜140℃である請求項1〜10のいずれか1項記載の微小球。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項記載の熱膨張性微小球の製造方法であって、エチレン性不飽和モノマーを推進剤の存在下で重合して、該推進剤をカプセル封入するポリマーシェルを含む微小球を生じることを含み、該エチレン性不飽和モノマーは、20〜80重量%のアクリロニトリルおよび1〜70重量%の1個だけの炭素-炭素二重結合を有するアルキルビニルエーテルからなる群より選択されるモノマーを含み、アクリロニトリルおよび1個だけの炭素-炭素二重結合を有するアルキルビニルエーテルからなる群より選択されるモノマーの合計量がエチレン性不飽和モノマーの30〜100重量%である方法。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項記載の熱膨張性微小球を含む水性スラリー。
- デンプン、ガム、セルロース、キチン、キトサン、グリカン、ガラクタン、ペクチン、マンナン、デキストリン、アクリル酸もしくはその塩を含むモノマーから作られたコポリマー、アクリル酸のエステルもしくはアミドを含むモノマーから作られたホモ-およびコポリマー、メタクリル酸、そのエステルもしくはアミドを含むモノマーから作られたホモ-およびコポリマー、ゴムラテックス、ポリ(塩化ビニル)およびコポリマー、ポリ(ビニルエステル)およびコポリマー、ポリ(ビニルアルコール)、ポリアミン、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリエチレン/ポリプロピレンオキシド、ポリウレタン、およびアミノプラストおよびフェノプラスト予備縮合物、ならびにポリアミドアミンエピクロロヒドリン樹脂から成る群より選択される少なくとも部分的に水溶性のポリマーである少なくとも1種の増粘剤をさらに含む請求項13記載の水性スラリー。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項記載の膨張性微小球を膨張させることによって得られる膨張した微小球。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項記載の熱膨張性微小球を、紙の製造において使用する方法。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項記載の熱膨張性微小球を、印刷インクにおいて使用する方法。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項記載の熱膨張性微小球を、人造皮革の製造において使用する方法。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項記載の熱膨張性微小球を、不織布の製造において使用する方法。
- 請求項15記載の膨張した微小球を、紙の製造において使用する方法。
- 紙の製造方法であって、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項記載の熱膨張性微小球を、セルロース繊維を含むストックに添加する工程、ストックをワイヤー上で脱水して紙を得る工程および、熱を施与することによって紙を乾燥し、それによってまた、微小球が膨張しかつ紙の嵩を増加させるのに十分なように微小球の温度を上げる工程を含む、紙の製造方法。
- 熱膨張性微小球が、請求項13〜14のいずれか1項記載の水性スラリーの形態で添加される請求項21記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項記載の熱膨張性微小球から得られる膨張した微小球を含む紙。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06115166 | 2006-06-08 | ||
| PCT/SE2007/050334 WO2007142593A1 (en) | 2006-06-08 | 2007-05-16 | Microspheres |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP2015184192A Division JP6074002B2 (ja) | 2006-06-08 | 2015-09-17 | 微小球 |
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| JP2015184192A Expired - Fee Related JP6074002B2 (ja) | 2006-06-08 | 2015-09-17 | 微小球 |
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| JP2015184192A Expired - Fee Related JP6074002B2 (ja) | 2006-06-08 | 2015-09-17 | 微小球 |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2026902B1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP2009540047A (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101482048B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101460240B (ja) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0712056A2 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2605418T3 (ja) |
| MX (1) | MX2008015738A (ja) |
| PL (1) | PL2026902T3 (ja) |
| RU (1) | RU2432202C2 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI433717B (ja) |
| UA (1) | UA94460C2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2007142593A1 (ja) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200900142B (ja) |
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| WO2011122227A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-06 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 熱膨張性マイクロカプセル及び熱膨張性マイクロカプセルの製造方法 |
| WO2011122229A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-06 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 熱膨張性マイクロカプセル、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルの製造方法、発泡性マスターバッチ及び発泡成形体 |
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| WO2013111688A1 (ja) * | 2012-01-25 | 2013-08-01 | 松本油脂製薬株式会社 | 熱膨張性微小球、その製造方法および用途 |
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| WO2013111688A1 (ja) * | 2012-01-25 | 2013-08-01 | 松本油脂製薬株式会社 | 熱膨張性微小球、その製造方法および用途 |
| JP2013237779A (ja) * | 2012-05-15 | 2013-11-28 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 熱膨張性マイクロカプセル |
| JP2014237840A (ja) * | 2014-08-07 | 2014-12-18 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 熱膨張性マイクロカプセル及び発泡成形体 |
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| JP6283456B1 (ja) * | 2016-08-02 | 2018-02-21 | 松本油脂製薬株式会社 | 樹脂中空粒子及びその利用 |
| US10774192B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 | 2020-09-15 | Matsumoto Yushi-Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | Hollow resin particles and application thereof |
| WO2020017361A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-23 | 松本油脂製薬株式会社 | 熱膨張性微小球及びその用途 |
| JPWO2020017361A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-07-30 | 松本油脂製薬株式会社 | 熱膨張性微小球及びその用途 |
| CN112424309A (zh) * | 2018-07-20 | 2021-02-26 | 松本油脂制药株式会社 | 热膨胀性微球及其用途 |
| CN112424309B (zh) * | 2018-07-20 | 2024-03-15 | 松本油脂制药株式会社 | 热膨胀性微球及其用途 |
| US11980863B2 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2024-05-14 | Matsumoto Yushi-Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | Heat-expandable microspheres and application thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW200803972A (en) | 2008-01-16 |
| RU2008148145A (ru) | 2010-06-10 |
| EP2026902B1 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
| JP2016041807A (ja) | 2016-03-31 |
| EP2026902A1 (en) | 2009-02-25 |
| PL2026902T3 (pl) | 2017-02-28 |
| KR101482048B1 (ko) | 2015-01-13 |
| JP6074002B2 (ja) | 2017-02-01 |
| ES2605418T3 (es) | 2017-03-14 |
| BRPI0712056A2 (pt) | 2011-12-20 |
| UA94460C2 (uk) | 2011-05-10 |
| KR20090031856A (ko) | 2009-03-30 |
| CN101460240A (zh) | 2009-06-17 |
| MX2008015738A (es) | 2008-12-19 |
| ZA200900142B (en) | 2010-02-24 |
| RU2432202C2 (ru) | 2011-10-27 |
| CN101460240B (zh) | 2012-07-25 |
| TWI433717B (zh) | 2014-04-11 |
| WO2007142593A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
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