JP2010207224A - 哺乳動物細胞表面抗原;関連試薬 - Google Patents
哺乳動物細胞表面抗原;関連試薬 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】実質的に純粋なまたは組換えの312C2タンパク質またはその保存的に改変された変異体。特定のアミノ酸配列を有するタンパク質に対して作製された抗体に特異的に結合するタンパク質、特定のアミノ酸配列を有するマウス312C2タンパク質、特定のアミノ酸配列を有するヒト312C2タンパク質。
【選択図】なし
Description
この出願の発明に関連する先行技術文献情報としては、次のものがある。
(項目1) 実質的に純粋なまたは組換えの312C2タンパク質またはその保存的に改変された変異体。
(項目2) 配列番号2または4に示されるアミノ酸配列を有するタンパク質に対して作製された抗体に特異的に結合する、項目1に記載のタンパク質。
(項目3) 配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列を有するマウス312C2タンパク質である、項目2に記載のタンパク質。
(項目4) 配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列を有するヒト312C2タンパク質である、項目2に記載のタンパク質。
(項目5) 項目1に記載のタンパク質を特異的に結合する抗体。
(項目6) モノクローナル抗体である、項目5に記載の抗体。
(項目7) 312C2タンパク質またはペプチドをコードする単離された核酸または組換え核酸。
(項目8) 配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列をコードする、項目7に記載の核酸。
(項目9) 配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列をコードする、項目7に記載の核酸。
(項目10) 配列番号1に示される配列を有する、項目8に記載の核酸。
(項目11) 配列番号3に示される配列を有する、項目9に記載の核酸。
(項目12) 配列番号1または3に定義される312C2核酸配列に対して少なくとも約30ヌクレオチドの範囲にわたって少なくとも約70%の同一性を有する配列を含む組換え核酸。
(項目13) 配列番号2または4の312C2配列に対して少なくとも約20アミノ酸の範囲にわたって少なくとも約60%の同一性を含むポリペプチドをコードする、項目12に記載の核酸。
(項目14) 項目7に記載の核酸を含む発現ベクターまたは複製ベクター。
(項目15) 項目14に記載のベクターを含む宿主細胞。
(項目16) 核酸が発現される条件下で項目15に記載の宿主細胞を培養する工程を包含する、312C2タンパク質を調製する方法。
(項目17) 細胞の生理機能を調整する方法であって、該細胞と以下:
a)実質的に純粋な312C2タンパク質もしくはその活性フラグメント;
b)312C2タンパク質を特異的に結合する抗体もしくは結合パートナー;または
c)312C2タンパク質もしくはペプチドをコードする核酸
とを接触させる工程を包含する、方法。
(項目18) 前記細胞がT細胞である、項目17に記載の方法。
(項目19) 前記細胞が組織および/または生物中にある、項目18に記載の方法。
(項目20) 以下:
a)312C2タンパク質に特異的に結合する抗体もしくは結合パートナー;
b)実質的に純粋な312C2タンパク質もしくはその活性フラグメント;または
c)312C2ペプチドをコードする核酸
の有効用量を哺乳動物に投与することにより、異常な免疫応答を有する哺乳動物を処置する方法。
本発明は、部分的に、T細胞活性化の同時刺激因子として作用するタンパク質ファミリーの発見に基づく。特に、本発明は、胸腺において発現され、そして活性化後にT細胞および脾臓細胞において誘導される、哺乳動物(例えば、マウスおよびヒト)遺伝子(それぞれ、m312C2およびh312C2と呼ばれる)を提供する。312C2のかみ合わせ(engagement)は、T細胞クローンの増殖、抗原特異的増殖、およびT細胞によるサイトカイン生成を刺激し、そしてT細胞拡張(expansion)またはアポトーシスを強化するようである。マウスおよびヒト実施態様がより詳細に記載されるが、本発明は、関連する哺乳動物遺伝子、タンパク質、抗体、およびその使用を含む。有意な配列相同性を示す機能的等価物は、他の哺乳動物および非哺乳動物種から入手可能である。さらに、312C2のリガンドは、その抗原を発現する他の細胞を刺激するその結合パートナーとして機能し得る。
(I.定義)
用語「核酸」、「プローブ」、または「プライマー」は、1本鎖または2本鎖いずれかの形態のデオキシリボヌクレオチド、リボヌクレオチド、または混合ポリマーに対する参照を含み、そして他に限定されなければ、天然に生じるヌクレオチドと類似の様式で核酸にハイブリダイズする天然ヌクレオチドの既知のアナログを含む。他に示されなければ、特定の核酸配列は、その完全な相補的配列を含む。真核生物核酸は、真核生物細胞、好ましくは多細胞真核生物の細胞に由来する核酸である。
1)アラニン(A)、セリン(S)、スレオニン(T);
2)アスパラギン酸(D)、グルタミン酸(E);
3)アスパラギン(N)、グルタミン(Q);
4)アルギニン(R)、リジン(K);
5)イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、バリン(V);および
6)フェニルアラニン(F)、チロシン(Y)、トリプトファン(W)。
Creighton(1984)Proteins W.H.Freeman and Companyもまた参照のこと。
本発明は、T細胞活性化の初期段階において見出された抗原である(例えば、T細胞を活性化し得る)種々の哺乳動物タンパク質をコードする、アミノ酸配列およびDNA配列を提供する。これらのタンパク質のうち、T細胞の増殖または分化、特に生理学的効果を調整する(例えば、誘導または防止する)抗原である。完全長抗原およびフラグメントまたはアンタゴニストは、抗原を発現する細胞の生理学的調整に有用である。タンパク質はまた、タンパク質上の種々のエピトープ(線状および高次構造の両方のエピトープ)に対する抗体を惹起するための抗原(例えば、免疫原)として有用である。分子は、機能的T細胞またはNK細胞の部分集合の定義に有用であり得る。
マウス312C2核酸配列は配列番号1に示され、マウス312C2アミノ酸配列は配列番号2に示され、ヒト312C2核酸配列は配列番号3に示され、ヒト312C2アミノ酸配列は配列番号4に示され、そして312C2配列の逆翻訳は配列番号5に示される(5’ATGは配列番号5において示されない)。アミノからカルボキシで提供される、これらのアミノ酸配列は、このタンパク質と他のタンパク質との区別を可能にする抗原についての配列情報を提供し、そして多くの変異体を例示することにおいて重要である。さらに、ペプチド配列は、このようなセグメントを認識する抗体を作製するめのペプチド調製を可能にし、そしてヌクレオチド配列は、オリゴヌクレオチドプローブの調製を可能にする。この両方は、検出または単離(例えば、このような配列をコードする遺伝子のクローニング)のためのストラテジーである。
本発明はまた、312C2のアミノ酸配列と実質的にアミノ酸配列同一性を有するタンパク質またはペプチドを包含する。変異には、種変異、多型性変異または対立遺伝子変異が含まれる。
312C2に対する生理学的応答のブロッキングは、その結合パートナーに対するこの抗原の結合阻害(例えば、それ自身とは別の、おそらく競合的阻害を介して)から生じ得る。従って、本発明のインビトロアッセイは、単離されたタンパク質、組換え膜結合312C2を発現する細胞由来の膜、これらのタンパク質の抗原結合セグメントを含有する可溶性フラグメント、または固相基質に接着するフラグメントをしばしば使用する。これらのアッセイはまた、結合セグメントの変異および改変、または抗原の変異および改変(例えば、312C2アナログ)のいずれかの効果の診断的測定を可能にする。
抗体は、天然に存在する形態および組換え形態の両方の、種々の312C2(種変異体または対立遺伝子変異体を含む)およびそのフラグメントに対して惹起され得る。さらに、抗体は、活性形態または不活性形態(天然型または変性型を含む)のいずれかの312C2に対して惹起され得る。抗イディオタイプ抗体もまた意図される。
記載されたペプチド配列および関連試薬は、例えば天然供給源由来の312C2をコードするDNAクローンを検出、単離、または同定するのに有用である。代表的には、それは、哺乳動物由来の遺伝子を単離するのに有用であり、そして同様の手順が、他の種(例えば、鳥類および哺乳動物のような温血動物)由来の遺伝子を単離するために適用される。クロスハイブリダイゼーションは、他の種由来の312C2の単離を可能にする。多くの異なるアプローチが、適切な核酸クローンをうまく単離するのに利用可能であるはずである。
312C2またはそのフラグメントをコードするDNAは、化学的合成、cDNAライブラリーのスクリーニング、または広範な種々の細胞株または組織サンプルから調製されたゲノムライブラリーのスクリーニングにより得られ得る。例えば、OkayamaおよびBerg(1982)Mol.Cell.Biol.2:161-170;GublerおよびHoffman(1983)Gene25:263-269;およびGlover(編)(1984)DNACloning:APractical Approach,IRL Press,Oxfordを参照のこと。あるいは、本明細書中に提供される配列は、有用なPCRプライマーを提供するか、または312C2(天然に存在する実施態様を含む)をコードする適切な遺伝子の合成または他の調製を可能にする。
本発明は、本明細書の別の箇所(例えば、T細胞媒介状態に関する一般的な記載において、または下記の診断のためのキットの記載において)に記載されるような診断適用において用途を見い出す試薬を提供する。
本発明はまた、別の312C2または結合パートナーの存在を検出する種々の診断キットおよび方法における、312C2タンパク質、そのフラグメント、ペプチド、およびそれらの融合産物の使用を意図する。代表的に、キットは規定の312C2ペプチドまたは遺伝子セグメント、またはあるものか別のものか(例えば、312C2フラグメントまたは抗体)を認識する試薬のいずれかを有する区画を有する。
IX.312C2特異的結合パートナーを単離するための方法
312C2タンパク質は、例えば、同様の構造および発現の細胞型特異性を示す他の細胞表
面抗原に対する構造および機能におけるその類似性に基づいて、リガンドと相互作用するはずである。リガンドを単離するための方法は、スクリーニングプログラムのために精製312C2を作製する能力により利用可能にされる。本明細書中で提供される312C2配列を用いた可溶性または他の構築物は、312C2特異的リガンドのスクリーニングまたは単離を可能にする。発現クローニング、パンニング、アフィニティ単離、またはレセプターリガンドを同定する他の手段のための多くの方法が存在する。
標準的な方法のいくつかは、例えば、Maniatisら(1982)Molecular Cloning,A Laboratory Manual,ColdSpringHorbor Laboratory,Cold Spring Horbor Press;Sambrookら(1989)MolecularCloning:ALaboratory Manual(第2版),第1〜3巻,CSH Press,NY;Ausubelら、Biology,GreenePublishingAssociates,Brooklyn,NY;またはAusubelら(1987および補遺)Current Protocols inMolecularBiology,Greene and Wiley,New York;Innisら(編)(1990)PCR Protocols:A GuidetoMethods and Applications,Academic Press,N.Y.において記載または参照される。タンパク質精製のための方法は、硫酸アンモニウム沈殿、カラムクロマトグラフィー、電気泳動、遠心分離、結晶化、およびその他のような方法を含む。例えば、Ausubelら(1987および定期的補遺);Deutscher(1990)”GuidetoProtein Purification” in Methods in Enzymology 第182巻およびこのシリーズの他の巻;ならびにタンパク質精製製品の使用における製造者の文献(例えば、Pharmacia,Piscataway,N.J.またはBio-Rad,Richmond,CA)を参照のこと。組換え技術との組み合せは、適切なセグメントへの(例えば、FLAG配列またはプロテアーゼ除去可能な配列を介して融合され得る等価物への)融合を可能にする。例えば、Hochuli(1989)ChemischeIndustrie12:69-70;Setlow(編)Genetic Engineering,Principle and Methods12:87-98,PlenumPress,N.Y.におけるHochuli(1990)”Purification of RecombinantProteins with MetalChelate
Absorbent”;およびCroweら(1992)QIAexpress:The High LevelExpression & ProteinPurification System QUIAGEN,Inc.,Chatsworth,CAを参照のこと。細胞培養技術は、Doyleら(編)(1994)CellandTissue Culture:Laboratory Procedures,John Wily and Sons,NY.に記載される。
抗体およびフローサイトメトリー選別
αβTcR+CD4-CD8-(DN)胸腺細胞を、CD4/CD8a-PEおよびTcRαβ-FITCmAb(PharMingen,San Diego,CA)を用いて選別した。Zlotnikら(1992)J.Immunol.4:1211-1215を参照のこと。選別された細胞(約5×105)を固相抗CD3上で24時間刺激し、次いで拡張し、そしてIL-2(500U/ml)およびIL-7(100U/ml)中で1週間(約1×108細胞まで)培養した。細胞を培養中で1週間後に採集するか、または抗CD3上で6時間再刺激し、次いで採集するかのいずれかであった。Kelnerら(1994)Science266:1395-1399を参照のこと。
抗CD3刺激αβDN胸腺細胞または非刺激abDN胸腺細胞に由来するポリ(A)+RNAを使用して、NotI/Oligo-dTプライマー(Gibco-BRL,Gaithersburg,MD)を使用することにより第1鎖cDNAを合成した。2本鎖cDNAを合成し、BstXIアダプターと連結し、NotIで消化し、>0.5キロ塩基対(kb)にサイズ分画し、そしてpCDSRαベクターの誘導体であるpJFE-14のNotI/BstXI部位に連結した。Takabeら、Mol.CellBiol.8:466-472を参照のこと。電気コンピテントなE.coliDH10α細胞(Gibco-BRL)を形質転換のために使用した。cDNAライブラリーの独立クローンの総数は、それぞれ、刺激αβDNについては1.2×106であり、そして非刺激αβDN胸腺細胞については8×105であった。
WangおよびBrown(1991)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA88:11505-11509により開発されたPCRに基づくサブトラクション系を改変して、プラスミドcDNAライブラリーに適用した。活性化αβDN胸腺細胞に特異的なcDNAライブラリーを、ドライバー(driver)DNAとしてXbaI、NotI、およびScaIで消化した100μgの非刺激αβDNcDNAライブラリーDNAならびにトレーサーDNAとして5μgの刺激αβDNcDNAライブラリーDNAを用いて作製した。制限消化の後、ドライバーDNAを、DNAポリメラーゼクレノウフラグメントで処理して、制限部位をフィルインした。エタノール沈殿の後、DNAを100μlの水に溶解し、熱変性させ、そして100μl(100μg)のPhotoprobeビオチン(VectorLaboratories,Burlingame,CA)と混合した。次いで、ドライバーDNAを、20分間氷上で270-W太陽灯を用いて照射した。さらに50μlのPhotoprobeビオチンを添加し、そしてビオチン化反応を繰り返した。ブタノール抽出後、光ビオチン化DNA(ドライバー-U)をエタノール沈殿させ、そして30μlの10mMTris-HClおよび1mMEDTA、pH8(TE)に溶解した。トレーサーDNAとして、5μgの刺激αβDN cDNAをXbaIおよびNotIで消化し;エタノール沈殿させ;そして4μlのTE(トレーサー-S)に溶解した。トレーサー-Sを、15μlのドライバー-U、1μl(10μg)のE.colitRNA(Sigma,St.Louis,MO)、および20μlの2×ハイブリダイゼーション緩衝液(1.5MNaCl、10mM EDTA、50mM HEPES、pH7.5、0.2%SDS)と混合し、鉱物油を重層し、そして熱変性させた。サンプルチューブを68℃水浴に直ぐに移し、そして20時間インキュベートした。次いで、反応混合物を、ストレプトアビジン処理、続いてフェノール/クロロホルム抽出に供した。サブトラクションされたDNAを沈殿させ、12μlのTEに溶解し、8μlのドライバー-Uおよび20μlの2×ハイブリダイゼーション緩衝液と混合し、次いで68℃で2時間インキュベートした。ストレプトアビジン処理後、残存DNAを、250ngのpJFE-14の精製XbaI/NotIフラグメントと連結し、次いで電気コンピテントE.coli細胞に形質転換して、活性化特異的αβDNのサブトラクションライブラリー(S1)を作製した。100個の独立したクローンをランダムに突つき、そして既知のサイトカインcDNAのカクテルを用いたハイブリダイゼーションによりスクリーニングした。プラスミドDNAを、サイトカインプローブにハイブリダイズしなかったクローンから調製した。これらのクローンを挿入物の大きさにより分類し、そしてDNA配列決定によりさらに特徴づけた。312C2に対応するクローンを単離した。
マウス312C2をコードするcDNAに特異的なプローブを使用して、抗原の組織分布を決定した。全てのプローブを、ランダムプライミングにより標識した。
複数のトランスフェクトされた細胞株を、他の細胞と比較して高レベルの抗原を発現する細胞株についてスクリーニングする。種々の細胞株を、取り扱いにおいてそれらの好ましい特性についてスクリーニングおよび選択する。天然312C2を、天然供給源から、または適切な発現ベクターを用いた形質転換細胞からの発現により単離し得る。発現されたタンパク質の精製を、標準的な手順により達成するか、または細胞溶解物または上清からの高効率の効果的精製のための操作手段と組み合せ得る。FLAGまたはHis6セグメントを、このような精製特色のために使用し得る。
312C2cDNAは、所望の供給源に由来するライブラリー(例えば、霊長類細胞cDNAライブラリー)をスクリーニングするためのハイブリダイゼーションプローブとして使用され得る。多くの異なる種が、容易なハイブリダイゼーションに必要なストリンジェンシーおよびプローブを用いた存在の両方についてスクリーニングされ得る。適切なハイブリダイゼーション条件を使用して、交差ハイブリダイゼーションの特異性を示すクローンについて選択する。特に、マウス312C2cDNAクローンを使用して、HY06ヒトアネルギーT細胞ライブラリーをプローブする。241アミノ酸の推定ポリペプチドをコードする約1006bpのクローンを単離した。
種々の造血細胞および組織のサザンおよびPCR分析を、上記のように行った。発現を、いくつかの細胞株および組織(最も顕著には、刺激樹状細胞ライブラリー、いくつかの活性化T細胞クローン、活性化PBMC、NKクローン、Th1、Th2細胞、プレT細胞、プロT細胞)において検出した。脾臓および肺組織は、312C2の検出可能なレベルを有した。
モノクローナルまたはポリクローナル抗体を作製するために、合成ペプチドまたは精製タンパク質を免疫系に提示する。例えば、Coligan(1991)CurrentProtocols in Immunology Wiley/Greene;ならびにHarlowおよびLane(1989)Antibodies:ALaboratoryManual Cold Spring Harbor Pressを参照のこと。ポリクローナル血清またはハイブリドーマを調製し得る。適切な状況において、結合試薬は、上記のように(例えば、蛍光または別の方法で)標識されるか、またはパンニング法のために基質に固定化されるかのいずれかである。
Claims (11)
- 配列番号4に記載されるアミノ酸配列からなる実質的に純粋なまたは組換えの312C2タンパク質。
- 請求項1のタンパク質をコードする単離された核酸または組換え核酸。
- 配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列をコードする、請求項2に記載の核酸。
- 配列番号3に示される配列を有する、請求項3に記載の核酸。
- 請求項2に記載の核酸を含む発現ベクターまたは複製ベクター。
- 請求項5に記載のベクターを含む宿主細胞。
- 核酸が発現される条件下で請求項6に記載の宿主細胞を培養する工程を包含する、312C2タンパク質を調製する方法。
- 請求項1に記載のタンパク質を特異的に結合する抗体。
- モノクローナル抗体である、請求項8に記載の抗体。
- 配列番号2に記載されるアミノ酸配列からなる実質的に純粋なまたは組換えの312C2タンパク質を特異的に結合する、抗体。
- モノクローナル抗体である、請求項10に記載の抗体。
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- 1997-08-14 JP JP50987198A patent/JP4440344B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-08-14 EP EP97938165A patent/EP0920505B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-14 CA CA002263129A patent/CA2263129C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-08-14 AU AU40556/97A patent/AU4055697A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-08-14 WO PCT/US1997/013931 patent/WO1998006842A1/en active Application Filing
- 1997-08-14 AT AT97938165T patent/ATE397660T1/de active
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- 1997-08-14 EP EP08103043.9A patent/EP1947183B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| US9041424B2 (en) | 2011-12-08 | 2015-05-26 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Interface and apparatus for inspecting electrical characteristics of wafer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2007326865A (ja) | 2007-12-20 |
| JP5388302B2 (ja) | 2014-01-15 |
| AU4055697A (en) | 1998-03-06 |
| EP0920505B1 (en) | 2008-06-04 |
| JP2014054249A (ja) | 2014-03-27 |
| JP2010187683A (ja) | 2010-09-02 |
| JP2000516467A (ja) | 2000-12-12 |
| EP1947183A1 (en) | 2008-07-23 |
| EP0920505A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 |
| CA2263129A1 (en) | 1998-02-19 |
| EP1947183B1 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
| CA2263129C (en) | 2007-01-09 |
| JP4440344B2 (ja) | 2010-03-24 |
| WO1998006842A1 (en) | 1998-02-19 |
| ES2308787T3 (es) | 2008-12-01 |
| ATE397660T1 (de) | 2008-06-15 |
| DK0920505T3 (da) | 2008-09-08 |
| DE69738749D1 (de) | 2008-07-17 |
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