JP2010213429A - Rotary electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rotary electric machine which can operate within a suitably effective magnetic flux range even at the malfunction of a movable mechanism and eliminate unnecessary effective magnetic flux variable space to shorten the moving distance of the movable mechanism for further reduction in size. <P>SOLUTION: The rotary electric machine includes a stator with a winding, a rotor arranged rotatably with respect to the stator through a gap, split into first and second rotors 4, 5 in the direction of a rotary shaft and provided with field magnets of different polarity arranged alternately in the rotating direction, a magnetic flux variable mechanism varying the relative rotary shaft directional position of the second rotor 5 with respect to the first rotor 4, and a failsafe stopper 10 suspending the second rotor 5 when the distance between the first and second rotors 4, 5 exceeds a preset value. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a magnetic flux variable type rotating electrical machine and an apparatus using the rotating electrical machine.

  Instead of conventional induction motors (IM motors), permanent magnet synchronous motors (PM motors), which are excellent in efficiency and can be expected to be reduced in size and noise, are becoming popular. For example, PM motors have come to be used as drive motors for home appliances, railway vehicles, and electric vehicles. The IM motor generates a magnetic flux itself by an exciting current from the stator, and therefore has a problem that a loss is caused by flowing the exciting current. On the other hand, a PM motor is a motor that includes a permanent magnet in a rotor and outputs torque using the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. Therefore, it is not necessary to apply an excitation current in the PM motor, and no loss due to the excitation current occurs unlike the IM motor.

  However, in the PM motor, an induced voltage is generated in the armature coil by the permanent magnet in proportion to the rotational speed. In an application range with a wide rotation range such as a railway vehicle or an automobile, it is necessary that an inverter that drives and controls the PM motor is not destroyed by an overvoltage due to an induced voltage generated at the maximum rotation speed. In a PM motor having such characteristics, when performing constant output operation with a constant power supply voltage, a permanent magnet is used as an armature coil as a measure for further increasing the aforementioned maximum rotational speed and widening the operation speed. There is a so-called field weakening control in which an induced voltage is equivalently lowered by supplying a current that cancels the magnetic flux. However, this field-weakening control causes a reduction in efficiency because a current that does not contribute to torque flows. In addition, it is necessary to pass a large current through the armature coil, which naturally increases the heat generated in the coil. For this reason, there is a possibility that the efficiency of the rotating electrical machine in the high rotation region may be reduced, the permanent magnet may be demagnetized due to heat generation exceeding the cooling capacity, and the like.

  Therefore, as a rotating electrical machine capable of mechanically changing the effective magnetic flux amount instead of the electric field weakening field, for example, the rotating electrical machine described in Patent Document 1 is known.

  The rotating electrical machine described in Patent Literature 1 includes a rotor that is divided into two in the direction of the rotation axis, and field magnets having different polarities are alternately arranged in the rotation direction. When the rotating electric machine is operated as an electric motor, the magnetic acting force between one field magnet of the two-part rotor and the other field magnet of the two-part rotor and the torque direction of the rotor The magnetic pole centers of the field magnets of the two-divided rotor are aligned according to the balance. When the rotary electric machine is operated as a generator, the magnetic pole center of the field magnet of the two-part rotor is shifted as the torque direction of the rotor is reversed. In this way, the effective magnetic flux amount is mechanically varied by changing the magnetic pole centers of the two divided rotors.

  Furthermore, in a rotating electrical machine using a mechanical variable mechanism, in order to improve the reliability of a mounted body, for example, an automobile, for example, when one of the two-part rotors is changed with a change in the torque direction of the rotor. Patent Document 2 discloses a rotating electrical machine provided with a mechanism capable of reducing an impact generated in one of the two-divided rotors and a mechanical variable mechanism.

JP 2001-0669609 A JP 2003-244875 A

  However, the rotating electrical machine described above has a problem that there is no provision for malfunction of the variable mechanism because it does not have a structure that defines a variable range for changing the effective magnetic flux amount according to the operating point range and efficiency.

  For example, in the case of an automobile, when the effective magnetic flux becomes zero during high-speed driving on a downhill, torque that resists acceleration cannot be generated, and therefore deceleration is relied only on a friction brake. Since friction brakes become less effective if they are used excessively and heat is applied, it is desirable that the rotating electrical machine also handle the deceleration torque if possible.

  An object of the present invention is to enable operation within a suitable effective magnetic flux range even when the movable mechanism malfunctions, eliminate a useless effective magnetic flux variable space, shorten the moving distance of the movable mechanism, and further reduce the size. It is to provide a possible rotating electrical machine.

  The present invention includes a stator having windings, and a stator that is rotatably arranged through a gap, and is divided into a first rotor and a second rotor in the direction of the rotation axis. A rotor in which magnets for magnetism are alternately arranged in a rotation direction; a magnetic flux variable mechanism that varies a relative rotation axis direction position of the second rotor with respect to the first rotor; a first rotor and a second rotor; If the distance exceeds a predetermined value, the rotating electric machine has a rotor stopping means for stopping the second rotor.

  In addition, a stator having windings and a stator are rotatably arranged through a gap, and divided into three or more parts in the rotation axis direction, and field magnets having different polarities are alternately arranged in the rotation direction. Magnetic flux variable mechanism that varies the relative rotational axis position of each divided rotor divided by the rotor, and the relative distance between each divided rotor exceeds a predetermined value. In this case, the rotating electrical machine includes a rotor stopping unit that stops at least one divided rotor.

  Also, a wheel, an internal combustion engine that drives the wheel, a transmission that controls the speed, the rotating electrical machine of the present invention mechanically connected between the internal combustion engine and the transmission, and a power storage unit that charges and discharges power. The power converter is connected between the power storage means and the rotating electrical machine, and converts power.

  Providing a rotating electrical machine that can be operated within a suitable effective magnetic flux range even when the movable mechanism malfunctions, eliminates a useless effective magnetic flux variable space, shortens the moving distance of the movable mechanism, and can be further miniaturized. it can.

It is a figure which shows one structural example of the magnetic flux variable type rotary electric machine at the time of the maximum effective magnetic flux which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows one structural example of the magnetic flux variable type rotary electric machine at the time of 0.5 time largest effective magnetic flux which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows one structural example of the magnetic flux variable type rotary electric machine at the time of the 0 effective magnetic flux which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the efficiency map of the effective magnetic flux variable of the conventional rotary electric machine. It is a figure which shows the efficiency map of the magnetic flux variable type rotary electric machine of this invention. It is a figure which shows the result of having evaluated the effect at the time of mounting the magnetic flux variable type rotary electric machine of this invention in an electric vehicle. It is a figure which shows an example in the vehicle format for demonstrating the efficiency comparison at the time of steady driving | running | working of a rotary electric machine. It is a figure which shows the efficiency comparison at the time of steady driving | running | working of a rotary electric machine. It is a figure which shows an example of the control procedure of the rotary electric machine which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the other example of the control procedure of the rotary electric machine which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of 1 arrangement structure of the drive device of the hybrid vehicle carrying the rotary electric machine which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of 1 arrangement structure of the drive device of the hybrid vehicle carrying the rotary electric machine which concerns on this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  A configuration example of the magnetic flux variable rotating electric machine according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  1, 2 and 3 show the configuration of the rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, a plurality of grooves (hereinafter referred to as “slots”) that are continuous in the axial direction and open in the axial direction are formed in the inner peripheral portion of the cylindrical stator core 1. An armature winding 2 (also called a stator winding or a primary winding) is attached to each of the plurality of slots.

  A housing (not shown) exists on the outer peripheral side of the stator core 1 and is fastened to the stator core housing by shrink fitting or press fitting. A bracket (not shown) is fastened to the end in the rotational axis direction to prevent exposure of the stator core.

  A rotor is rotatably disposed on the inner peripheral side of the stator core 1 through a gap. The rotor is divided into two in the direction of the rotation axis, and while rotating on the first rotor 4 fixed to the shaft 3 (also referred to as the rotation axis) and the spline 9 provided on the shaft 3, The second rotor 5 is movable in the direction of the rotation axis.

  A plurality of permanent magnets 4A, which are field magnets for the first rotor, are embedded in the first rotor 4 so that the polarities sequentially differ in the rotation direction. Also, a plurality of permanent magnets 5A, which are field magnets for the second rotor, are embedded in the second rotor 5 so that the polarities sequentially change in the rotation direction. That is, in the first rotor 4 and the second rotor 5, field magnets having different polarities are alternately arranged in the rotation direction. Both ends of the shaft 3 in the central axis direction are rotatably supported by a bearing device (not shown).

  The support mechanism includes a bearing 6, a stopper 7, and an actuator 8. From the opposite side of the first rotor 4 to the second rotor 5, the movable arm actuator arm 8 </ b> A can move the second rotor 5 to a predetermined position via the bearing 6 and the stopper 7. That is, the support mechanism is a magnetic flux variable mechanism that varies the relative rotational axis direction position of the second rotor 5 of the rotor with respect to the first rotor 4 of the rotor.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the second rotor 5 is operated in accordance with changes in torque and rotational speed. That is, in this embodiment, an arbitrary state from the state of FIG. 1 to the state of FIG. 3 is set.

  Here, FIG. 1 shows that when the maximum effective magnetic flux is required, the first rotor 4 and the second rotor 5 are made close to each other and the permanent magnets 4A and 5A having the same polarity are rotated in the direction of the rotation axis. In this state, the centers of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets 4A and 5A are aligned. At this time, the support mechanism supports the second rotor 5 from the side opposite to the first rotor 4 side. That is, the actuator 8 is controlled by a control signal, and the movable part moves the second rotor 5 to a predetermined position via the bearing 6 and the stopper 7. In this state, the magnetic pole phase 13 of the second rotor 5 has the same electrical angle as the magnetic pole phase 12 of the first rotor 4.

  2 and 3 show a state where the effective magnetic flux is reduced from the state shown in FIG. The second rotor 5 is moved to one side in the rotation axis direction (the side opposite to the first rotor 4 side) while rotating on the shaft 3, separated from the first rotor 4, and moved to an arbitrary predetermined position. . In the state of FIG. 2, the magnetic pole phase 13 of the second rotor 5 has an electrical angle of 90 ° with the magnetic pole phase 12 of the first rotor 4. In the state of FIG. 3, the magnetic pole phase 13 of the second rotor 5 has an electrical angle of 180 ° with the magnetic pole phase 12 of the first rotor 4. In the case of eight magnetic poles, the maximum mechanical angle θ between the magnetic pole phase 13 of the second rotor 5 and the magnetic pole phase 12 of the first rotor 4 is 45 °. That is, the effective magnetic field amount for the field becomes 0, and the back electromotive voltage can be made 0. The characteristic of this effective magnetic flux 0 can be used for the protection function of the rotating electrical machine.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, the shaft 3 is provided with an adjustable fail-safe stopper 10. The fail-safe stopper 10 has a structure that defines an effective magnetic flux amount range corresponding to the operating point of the rotating electrical machine and the rotating electrical machine efficiency, and can prevent abnormal high-speed rotation due to malfunction of the movable mechanism. That is, the fail-safe stopper 10 has a function of stopping the second rotor 5 when the distance (relative distance) between the first rotor 4 and the second rotor 5 exceeds a predetermined value. Stop means. Thereby, the effective magnetic flux amount proportional to the distance between the first rotor 4 and the second rotor 5 can be controlled within an optimum range. The distance between the first rotor 4 and the second rotor 5 is determined by the number of poles of the field permanent magnet and the spline 9 provided between the movable rotor and the rotating shaft.

  The effective magnetic flux here is the amount of magnetic flux that contributes to the rotational torque of the rotating electrical machine. It is obtained from the rotational torque of the rotating electrical machine and the current flowing through the stator winding.

  For example, when the effective magnetic flux amount range corresponding to the operating point of the rotating electrical machine and the rotating electrical machine efficiency is 0 to Φ, the second rotor 5 moves the maximum distance L in the rotational axis direction with respect to the first rotor 4. become. The fail-safe stopper 10 in this state is fixed at a position where the second rotor 5 and the movable mechanism are not moved beyond L as shown in FIG. Similarly, if the effective magnetic flux amount range corresponding to the operating point of the rotating electrical machine and the rotating electrical machine efficiency is 0.5Φ to Φ, the second rotor 5 is at a maximum distance L / 2 will be moved. The fail safe stopper 10 in this state is fixed at a position where the second rotor 5 and the movable mechanism are not moved to L / 2 or more. As a result, useless effective magnetic flux variable space is eliminated, the moving distance of the movable mechanism is shortened, and further safety of the rotating electrical machine can be secured.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an efficiency map of a conventional rotating electric machine, in which the effective magnetic flux is changed to 1.0, 0.75, 0.5, and 0.25 times that of the conventional rotating electric machine. Show the efficiency. Hereinafter, the fact that the effective magnetic flux is 1.0 times, 0.75 times, 0.5 times, and 0.25 times is expressed as Φ, 0.75Φ, 0.5Φ, and 0.25Φ, respectively. In the figure, the horizontal axis represents the rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine, the vertical axis represents the torque of the rotating electrical machine, and the rotating electrical machine efficiency distribution in the figure. Further, FIG. 5 shows the result of changing the effective magnetic flux from 0 to Φ, taking out the maximum efficiency point in each effective magnetic flux and combining the results as an efficiency map of the variable magnetic flux rotating electric machine.

  Here, the result in which the effective magnetic flux in FIG. 4 is Φ is referred to as a conventional rotating electrical machine efficiency map, and the result in FIG. 5 is referred to as a magnetic flux variable rotating electrical machine efficiency map. Compared with the conventional rotary electric machine, the high-efficiency area of the magnetic flux variable-type rotary electric machine is greatly expanded toward the high rotation area. Furthermore, the range in which the effective magnetic flux of the rotating electrical machine affects the rotating electrical machine efficiency is also shown in FIG.

  FIG. 6 shows the results of evaluating the effect when the magnetic flux variable rotating electrical machine is mounted on an electric vehicle using the results of the efficiency map obtained above. The x points in the figure indicate operating points during steady operation at speeds of 60 km / h, 80 km / h, 100 km / h, 120 km / h, 140 km / h, and 160 km / h. There is no difference between the operating points at speeds of 60 km / h and 80 km / h, but the operating points at 100 km / h, 120 km / h, and 140 km / h are 90% and 92% of the conventional rotating electric machine, and the magnetic flux variable type rotating electric machine. The operating point of 94% and 160 km / h is in the range of 90% of the conventional rotating electric machine and 92% of the magnetic flux variable rotating electric machine. Therefore, the magnetic flux variable rotating electric machine has an effect of improving the efficiency of the high-speed traveling region when used in an automobile.

  5 and 6, if the operating point of the rotating electrical machine is different, the most effective effective magnetic flux corresponding to the operating point also changes. Therefore, the effective magnetic flux variable range of the rotating electrical machine can be limited from the application and operating range of the rotating electrical machine. As a result, useless effective magnetic flux variable space and shaft length are eliminated, the moving distance of the movable mechanism is shortened, and the rotating electrical machine can be further reduced in size.

  In this embodiment, when the magnetic pole is 8 poles and the lead of the spline 9 that allows the second rotor 5 to rotate relatively is 24 mm (moving 24 mm in the axial direction by one rotation), the effective magnetic flux is within the range of 0 to Φ. When the distance is changed to 3, the movement distance in the axial direction is 3 mm. Here, if the effective magnetic flux is limited within the range of 0.5Φ to Φ depending on the operating range and operating point of the rotating electrical machine, the moving distance becomes 1.5 mm, and the moving distance can be halved. Furthermore, since the range of the effective magnetic flux is limited, the attractive force between the different polar magnets of the divided rotor is reduced, and an actuator having a small capacity is possible. As a result, further downsizing of the system can be expected.

  In this embodiment, the magnetic pole of the rotor has been described with respect to eight poles. However, when the number of poles of the field permanent magnet is smaller in a rotating electric machine (high speed rotating electric rotating machine) compatible with high speed rotation, the range of effective magnetic flux By limiting this, it is more effective in shortening the movement distance in the axial direction. For example, when there are four rotor magnetic poles, the moving distance becomes a maximum of 6 mm to change the effective magnetic flux from 0 to Φ. If the effective magnetic flux is limited within the range of 0.5Φ to Φ, the moving distance is 3 mm, and a reduction in the size of the rotating electrical machine can be expected compared to the case of the 8-pole rotor magnetic pole.

  In addition, although the case where the rotor is divided into two in the above embodiment has been described, it goes without saying that it may be divided into three or more. That is, a rotor that is rotatably arranged in the stator core 1 through a gap, divided into three or more parts in the rotation axis direction, and field magnets having different polarities are arranged alternately in the rotation direction, A magnetic flux variable mechanism that varies the relative rotational axis direction position of each divided rotor of the rotor, and at least one when the relative distance of each of the divided rotors exceeds a predetermined value Even with the configuration having the fail-safe stopper 10 of the rotor stop means for stopping the split rotor, the same effect as the configuration in which the rotor shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 is divided into two can be achieved. Further, from the viewpoint of limiting the effective magnetic flux, the present invention can be applied to other magnetic flux variable structures other than the present embodiment.

  7 and 8 are diagrams for explaining the effect of the rotating electrical machine having a variable mechanism that limits the effective magnetic flux amount of the rotating electrical machine within the range of 0.5Φ to Φ.

  Compare the efficiency during steady running when the rotating electrical machine includes a transmission. As shown in FIG. 7, the examined vehicle types are a conventional rotating electric machine (a), a magnetic flux variable rotating electric machine (b), a conventional rotating electric machine + transmission (transmission efficiency 100%) (c), Conventional rotary electric machine + transmission (transmission efficiency 95%) (d). The results of comparing the efficiency for each steady speed using the above-described automobile simulator are shown in FIG. 8 (vehicle speed (km / h) on the horizontal axis and efficiency on the vertical axis). When the mechanical loss of the transmission is zero, that is, when the transmission efficiency is 100% (c), the efficiency of the conventional rotary electric machine + transmission is better than that of the magnetic flux variable type rotary electric machine, but the mechanical loss of the transmission is about 5%. When% is taken into consideration, as shown in FIG. 8D, the efficiency is reduced by about 4% as compared with the magnetic flux variable type rotating electrical machine. On the other hand, since the variable magnetic flux rotating electric machine has a wide high-efficiency operating range, it does not necessarily require a transmission. Therefore, there is no reduction in efficiency due to the transmission, and it is considered advantageous for improving the efficiency of the automobile.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, as described above, when the distance between the first rotor and the second rotor exceeds a predetermined value, the fail-safe stopper that stops the relatively movable second rotor is provided. By having it, it is possible to operate within the effective magnetic flux range suitable for malfunction of the movable mechanism, eliminate the useless effective magnetic flux variable space, shorten the moving distance of the movable mechanism, and further reduce the size of the rotating electrical machine Is possible.

  In this embodiment, an example of a control unit for a rotating electrical machine proposed in the present invention will be described.

  The proposed control means of the rotating electrical machine is composed of a bearing 6, a stopper 7 and an actuator 8, and a magnetic flux that changes the relative rotational axis direction position of the second rotor 5 of the rotor with respect to the first rotor 4 of the rotor. Control means for controlling the variable mechanism.

  As shown in FIG. 9, a plurality of rotating electrical machine efficiency η maps relating to the effective magnetic flux are obtained, and efficiency values (output power / input power of the rotating electrical machine) at the required rotational speed and required torque are obtained from the multiple rotating electrical machine efficiency η maps. And an effective magnetic flux determining means for selecting an effective magnetic flux showing the highest efficiency value among the plurality of efficiency values obtained from the plurality of rotating electrical machine efficiency η maps. In other words, the effective magnetic flux determining means has the highest efficiency value from a plurality of rotating electrical machine efficiency maps showing a plurality of efficiency values for the required rotational speed and required torque of the rotor stored in advance in the storage means (not shown). The effective magnetic flux amount is selected, and a command value based on the selected effective magnetic flux is output to the magnetic flux variable mechanism.

  For example, in the case where the output of the rotation speed and torque at the operating point shown in FIG. 9 is requested, the highest effective magnetic flux (maximum rotating electrical machine efficiency η) is selected from a plurality of previously obtained rotating electrical machine efficiency η maps, By commanding and determining this effective magnetic flux amount to the magnetic flux variable mechanism of the rotating electrical machine, the highest efficiency of the rotating electrical machine is realized at each operating point. If the effective magnetic flux is fixed, the efficiency map is measured, and compared with the efficiency map at the time of variable effective magnetic flux operation, the optimum effective magnetic flux can be easily selected.

  In this embodiment, the efficiency generation means may be a mathematical expression or an approximate expression in addition to the efficiency map example. Moreover, although several rotating electrical machine efficiency (eta) maps were mentioned as an example, in order to select a more optimal effective magnetic flux, it is desirable to subdivide the effective magnetic flux further and to acquire an efficiency map.

  In this embodiment, another example of the control means for the rotating electrical machine proposed in the present invention will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the proposed control means of the rotating electrical machine has an effective magnetic flux map related to the rotational speed and torque, and the effective magnetic flux map outputs an effective magnetic flux that obtains the maximum efficiency with respect to the required rotational speed and the required torque. Effective magnetic flux determining means. For example, when the rotation speed and torque at the operating point shown in FIG. 10 are requested to be output, a composite efficiency η map is acquired at a value higher than a plurality of rotary electric machine efficiency η maps acquired in advance, and the required rotation speed and torque are obtained. By commanding and determining the corresponding effective magnetic flux amount to the magnetic flux variable mechanism of the rotating electrical machine, the highest efficiency of the rotating electrical machine is realized at each operating point. Compared with the efficiency map during variable effective magnetic flux operation, the optimal effective magnetic flux can be easily selected.

  In this embodiment, the effective magnetic flux generation means may be a mathematical expression or an approximate expression other than the example of the effective magnetic flux map. Several rotating electrical machine efficiency η maps are given as examples. In order to select a more optimal effective magnetic flux, it is desirable to further divide the effective magnetic flux and obtain an efficiency map.

  In this embodiment, an example in which the rotating electrical machine proposed in the present invention is applied to a drive device for a hybrid vehicle will be described.

  FIG. 11 shows an arrangement configuration of a drive device for a hybrid vehicle. The hybrid vehicle includes a wheel and a driving device that drives the wheel. The driving device generates the driving force of the vehicle, that is, the engine 14 that is an internal combustion engine that drives the wheel, and the speed of the vehicle. A rotating electrical machine 15 (permanent magnet type synchronous rotating electrical machine) is mechanically connected to a transmission 16 that is a transmission to be controlled. The rotating electrical machine 15 is a rotating electrical machine having the characteristics of the rotating electrical machine of the first embodiment.

  In general, the engine 14 and the rotating electrical machine 15 are connected by a method of directly connecting the output shaft of the engine 14 and the rotating shaft of the rotating electrical machine 15 or a method of connecting via a speed change constituted by a planetary gear reduction mechanism or the like. It is taken. Since the rotating electrical machine 15 operates as an electric motor or a generator, the rotating electrical machine 15 is electrically connected to a battery 18 that is a power storage unit that charges and discharges electric power via an inverter 17 that is a power converter. . That is, the inverter 17 that is a power converter is connected between the battery 18 that is a power storage unit and the rotating electrical machine 15, and performs power conversion.

  When the rotating electrical machine 15 is used as an electric motor, the DC power output from the battery 18 is converted into AC power by the inverter 17 and supplied to the rotating electrical machine 15. The driving force of the rotating electrical machine 15 is used for starting or assisting the engine 14.

  When the rotating electrical machine 15 is used as a generator, AC power generated by the rotating electrical machine 15 is converted into DC power by an inverter 17 (converter function) and supplied to the battery 18. Thereby, the converted DC power is stored in the battery 18.

  The conventional permanent magnet synchronous rotating electric machine has a large back electromotive force due to the magnet as the number of rotations increases, so that it is difficult to drive in a high rotation region due to restrictions of the battery and the inverter. As a method of driving a rotating electrical machine in a high rotation region, there is field weakening control that equivalently weakens the field magnetic flux of the permanent magnet by current, but this causes a reduction in efficiency because a current that does not contribute to torque is passed.

  Therefore, by using the variable magnetic flux type rotating electrical machine as described in the first embodiment of the present invention for this rotating electrical machine, it is possible to generate a mechanically optimal field effective magnetic flux according to the rotational speed and torque. . Therefore, the restrictions on the battery and the inverter due to the counter electromotive force can be reduced, and the current that does not contribute to the torque is not passed, so that the efficiency can be improved.

  According to this embodiment, when the rotating electrical machine of the present invention is introduced, useless effective magnetic flux variable space and axial length are eliminated, the moving distance of the movable mechanism is shortened, and the rotating electrical machine can be further reduced in size. As a result, the volume of the rotating electrical machine can be reduced. Furthermore, since the variable magnetic flux rotating electric machine according to the present invention can perform high-efficiency operation in a wide rotational speed range, it is possible to reduce the transmission gear stage or omit the transmission gear. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the size of the entire drive device.

  In this embodiment, another example in which the rotating electrical machine proposed in the present invention is applied to a drive device for a hybrid vehicle will be described. Basically, the configuration is the same as that of FIG. 11 of the fourth embodiment. The different configuration is that the rotating electrical machine 15 is not between the engine 14 and the transmission 16 and the crank pulley 19 and the rotating electrical machine 15 of the engine 14 that is an internal combustion engine. The metal belt 20 connected to the pulley 21 connected to the shaft is provided.

  FIG. 12 shows an arrangement configuration of a drive device for an automobile on which the rotating electrical machine of the first embodiment is mounted.

  In the driving apparatus of this embodiment, a crank pulley 19 of the engine 14 and a pulley 21 coupled to a shaft of the rotating electrical machine 15 are connected by a metal belt 20. Therefore, the engine 14 and the rotating electrical machine 15 are arranged in parallel.

  Further, in the vehicle drive apparatus of the present embodiment, the rotary electric machine 15 may be used in any form of a single motor, a single generator, or a motor / generator. According to the present embodiment, the crank pulley 19, the metal belt 20, and the pulley 21 can constitute a speed change mechanism having a speed ratio between the engine 14 and the rotating electrical machine 15.

  For example, by setting the radius ratio between the crank pulley 19 and the pulley 21 to 2: 1, the rotating electrical machine 15 can be rotated at a speed twice that of the engine 14, and the torque of the rotating electrical machine 15 is increased when the engine 14 is started. The torque required for starting the engine 14 can be halved. Therefore, the rotary electric machine 15 can be reduced in size.

  Further, three embodiments of the automobile in which the rotating electrical machine of Example 1 is used are listed below.

  (1) An internal combustion engine that drives wheels, a battery that charges and discharges electric power, and a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine that is mechanically coupled to drive the internal combustion engine by being driven by electric power supplied from the battery. A motor / generator driven by power from the engine to generate power and supply the generated power to the battery, a power converter for controlling the power supplied to the motor / generator and the power supplied from the motor / generator, and power And a control device that controls the converter, and the motor / generator is configured by the rotating electrical machine of the first embodiment. This vehicle is a normal vehicle in which wheels are driven by an internal combustion engine, or a hybrid vehicle in which wheels are driven by an internal combustion engine and a motor / generator.

  (2) An internal combustion engine that drives the wheel, a battery that charges and discharges electric power, and a wheel that is driven by electric power supplied from the battery, generates electric power by receiving driving force from the wheel, and A motor generator having a motor generator for supplying generated power, a power converter for controlling the power supplied to the motor generator and the power supplied from the motor generator, and a controller for controlling the power converter, Is an automobile configured with the rotating electrical machine of the first embodiment. This vehicle is a hybrid vehicle in which wheels are driven by an internal combustion engine and a motor / generator.

  (3) A battery that charges and discharges electric power, and a motor generator that is driven by the electric power supplied from the battery to drive the wheel, generates electric power by receiving the driving force from the wheel, and supplies the generated electric power to the battery A power conversion device that controls the power supplied to the motor / generator and the power supplied from the motor / generator, and a control device that controls the power conversion device. A car composed of This vehicle is an electric vehicle that drives wheels with a rotating electric machine.

  In this embodiment, an example in which the rotating electrical machine proposed in the present invention is applied to an electric motor of a washing machine will be described.

  In the prior art of washing machines, when the torque of an electric motor is transmitted by a belt and a gear via a pulley, there is a problem that noise such as sliding of the belt and the gear, a hitting sound, and the like are large. Also, with the direct drive system that transmits the motor torque directly to the rotating body and dehydration tank, there is a limit to expanding the high-speed operating range by using the field-weakening field control technology due to heat generation due to field-weakening current and a decrease in efficiency. is there. Since the direct drive system does not have a speed reduction mechanism, the physique of a motor that covers a wide speed range of a low speed, high torque washing and rinsing process and a high speed, high power dehydration process becomes large.

  When the electric motor uses the magnetic flux variable type rotating electric machine according to the present invention, it is effective to use a permanent magnet opposed to the stator magnetic pole if the same polarity centers of the divided rotors of the electric motor are aligned in the washing or rinsing process. High torque characteristics can be obtained by increasing the amount of magnetic flux. On the other hand, when operating in a high-speed rotation region such as the dehydration stroke, if the rotor that can rotate relatively is rotated in the direction in which the center of the same polarity magnetic pole is shifted, the effective magnetic flux amount by the permanent magnet facing the stator magnetic pole In other words, there is a mechanical field weakening effect, and constant output characteristics can be obtained in a high rotation region.

  In this embodiment, an example in which the rotating electrical machine proposed in the present invention is applied to a generator of a wind power generation system will be described.

  In a conventional wind power generation system generator, high torque can be obtained in a low speed region, but operation in the high speed region has been difficult because the variable range of the rotational speed is narrow. Therefore, it is conceivable to expand the high-speed operation range by using an electric field weakening control technique. In addition, the generator of the wind power generation system is equipped with a gear mechanism, a pitch motor, etc. in order to ensure a predetermined output in a wide speed range so that it can cope with various wind speed conditions. In some cases, each phase winding of the generator is switched to a low-speed winding and a high-speed winding by using a winding switching device in accordance with the rotation speed of the main shaft. Extending the high-speed operation region by electric field weakening control is limited due to heat generation due to field weakening current and efficiency reduction. When a winding switching device is used for each phase winding according to the rotation speed of the main shaft, the number of lead wires from the generator body is large, and the winding switching control device and its structure are complicated. is there.

  As an example in which the generator of the wind power generation system using the rotating electrical machine configured by the rotating electrical machine of Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 performs high efficiency in a wide range of wind power, the divided rotor is as follows: It is sufficient to drive in the state of.

  In the low-speed rotation region where the wind is weak, the centers of the same polarity magnetic poles of the rotor are aligned so that the effective magnetic flux amount by the permanent magnet facing the stator magnetic poles is increased and high output characteristics can be obtained. On the other hand, in a high-speed rotation region where the wind is strong, if the rotor that can rotate relatively is rotated in a direction in which the center of the same polarity magnetic pole shifts, the amount of effective magnetic flux due to the permanent magnet facing the stator magnetic pole is reduced. In other words, there is a mechanical field weakening effect, and constant output characteristics can be obtained in a high rotation range.

  According to the present embodiment, there is an effect that the effective magnetic field amount of the permanent magnet can be mechanically varied. In particular, the mechanical field weakening of the main shaft generator of the wind power generation system can be easily performed, and this is very effective for wide-range variable speed control. Since the generator structure is simplified, the generator is lighter, and thus the structure of the tower is simplified.

  In this embodiment, an example in which the rotating electrical machine proposed in the present invention is applied to an electric motor / generator of a transportation vehicle will be described.

Permanent magnet synchronous motors are more efficient than induction motors and are advantageous in reducing size and weight. In addition, high efficiency can be expected to reduce power consumption and CO ₂ emissions. Permanent magnet synchronous motors are promising candidates because the drive motors for transport vehicles are strongly required to be small and light. In addition, the weight of the entire main circuit including the inverter as well as the electric motor is required. From the viewpoint of protecting the main converter, the counter-induced voltage generated by the permanent magnet should be designed so that the peak value does not exceed the overvoltage protection operation setting value of the DC intermediate circuit voltage, at least. However, when such an electric motor is designed, the required inverter capacity is increased.

  When the electric motor uses the variable magnetic flux rotating electric machine of the present invention, if the center of the same polarity of the divided rotor of the electric motor is aligned at low speed and large torque, the effective magnetic flux by the permanent magnet facing the stator magnetic pole is aligned. High torque characteristics can be obtained by increasing the amount. On the other hand, when operating in the high-speed rotation region, if the rotor that can rotate relatively is rotated in the direction in which the center of the same polarity magnetic pole is shifted, the amount of effective magnetic flux by the permanent magnet facing the stator magnetic pole is reduced. In other words, there is a mechanical field weakening effect, and constant output characteristics can be obtained in a high rotation range.

  According to the present embodiment, there is an effect that the effective magnetic field amount of the permanent magnet can be mechanically varied. In addition, the mechanical field weakening of the generator of the transportation vehicle can be easily performed, which is very effective for wide-range variable speed control. Furthermore, the reverse induced voltage can be suppressed by mechanically changing the effective magnetic flux. As a result, the capacity of the inverter can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cost of the inverter and to reduce the size of the entire drive device.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Stator iron core 2 Armature winding 3 Shaft 4 1st rotor 4A, 5A Permanent magnet 5 2nd rotor 6 Bearing 7 Stopper 8 Actuator 8A Actuator arm 9 Spline 10 Fail safe stopper 11 Stator magnetic pole 12 First rotation Magnetic pole phase of child 13 Magnetic pole phase of second rotor 14 Engine 15 Rotating electric machine 16 Transmission 17 Inverter 18 Battery 19 Crank pulley 20 Metal belt 21 Pulley

Claims (5)

A stator having windings;
The stator is rotatably arranged through a gap, and is divided into a first rotor and a second rotor in the rotation axis direction, and field magnets having different polarities are alternately arranged in the rotation direction. Rotor and
A magnetic flux variable mechanism that varies a relative rotational axis direction position of the second rotor of the rotor with respect to the first rotor of the rotor;
A rotating electrical machine comprising: a rotor stopping means for stopping the second rotor when a distance between the first rotor and the second rotor exceeds a predetermined value. A stator having windings;
A rotor in which the stator is rotatably arranged through a gap, divided into three or more parts in the rotation axis direction, and field magnets having different polarities are arranged alternately in the rotation direction; and
A magnetic flux variable mechanism that varies a relative rotational axis direction position of each divided rotor divided by the rotor;
A rotating electrical machine comprising: a rotor stopping unit that stops at least one of the divided rotors when a relative distance between the divided rotors exceeds a predetermined value. In the rotary electric machine according to claim 1 or 2,
Control means for controlling the magnetic flux variable mechanism;
The control means selects and selects an effective magnetic flux amount having the highest efficiency value from a plurality of rotating electrical machine efficiency maps indicating a plurality of efficiency values at the required rotational speed and required torque of the rotor stored in the storage means in advance. A rotating electrical machine having effective magnetic flux determining means for outputting a command value based on the effective magnetic flux to the magnetic flux variable mechanism. Wheels,
An internal combustion engine for driving the wheels;
A transmission for controlling the speed;
The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotating electrical machine is mechanically coupled between the internal combustion engine and the transmission;
Power storage means for charging and discharging power;
An automobile having a power converter connected between the power storage means and the rotating electrical machine and performing power conversion. Wheels,
An internal combustion engine for driving the wheels;
A transmission for controlling the speed;
The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1 or 2,
A metal belt in which a crank pulley of the internal combustion engine and a pulley coupled to a shaft of the rotating electrical machine are coupled;
Power storage means for charging and discharging power;
An automobile having a power converter connected between the power storage means and the rotating electrical machine and performing power conversion.

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