JP2011255370A - Wet type flue gas desulfurization apparatus using three-way spray nozzle - Google Patents
Wet type flue gas desulfurization apparatus using three-way spray nozzle Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 coal and heavy oil Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010742 number 1 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
- B01D53/504—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/79—Injecting reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
- B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
- B01D2251/606—Carbonates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、石炭や重油など硫黄化合物を含有する燃料を利用するボイラなどの燃焼装置から排出される排ガス中の二酸化硫黄（ＳＯ２）を除去する湿式排煙脱硫装置に係わり、特に、三方向スプレーノズルを用いた吸収塔を備えた湿式排煙脱硫装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a wet flue gas desulfurization apparatus that removes sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in exhaust gas discharged from a combustion apparatus such as a boiler that uses a fuel containing a sulfur compound such as coal and heavy oil, and in particular, three-way. The present invention relates to a wet flue gas desulfurization apparatus provided with an absorption tower using a spray nozzle.
従来技術のスプレー方式を採用した湿式排煙脱硫装置の公知例（特開２００４−２３７２５８号公報など）として、脱硫装置を構成する吸収塔の側面図を図８に示す。この湿式
排煙脱硫装置は、主に吸収塔本体１、撹拌機３、空気供給管４、空気気泡５、吸収液循環ポンプ７、抜き液管８、スプレーヘッダー９、双方向スプレーノズル１３、ミストエリミネータ１１等から構成される。２は排ガス、１２は処理後ガス、６は吸収液を示す。
FIG. 8 shows a side view of an absorption tower constituting the desulfurization device as a known example of a wet flue gas desulfurization device employing a conventional spray system (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-237258, etc.). This wet flue gas desulfurization apparatus is mainly composed of an absorption tower body 1, a stirrer 3, an air supply pipe 4, an air bubble 5, an absorbing liquid circulation pump 7, a draining liquid pipe 8, a spray header 9, a bidirectional spray nozzle 13, a mist. It consists of an eliminator 11 and the like. 2 indicates exhaust gas, 12 indicates a gas after treatment, and 6 indicates an absorbing solution.
ボイラから排出される排ガス２は吸収塔本体１の下部に導入され、設置した複数段のスプレーヘッダーに配置した複数の双方向スプレーノズル１３による噴射した液流と接触し、この気液吸収ゾーンを経て、処理された後塔頂部から排出される。吸収液循環ポンプ７から送られる炭酸カルシウムを含んだ吸収液６は上述の双方向スプレーノズル１３から噴射される。 The exhaust gas 2 discharged from the boiler is introduced into the lower part of the absorption tower main body 1 and comes into contact with the liquid flow ejected by a plurality of bidirectional spray nozzles 13 arranged in a plurality of installed spray headers. Then, after being processed, it is discharged from the top of the tower. The absorbent 6 containing calcium carbonate sent from the absorbent circulating pump 7 is ejected from the bidirectional spray nozzle 13 described above.
双方向スプレーノズル１３から噴射された液流は、気液接触により排ガス中のＳＯ２を吸収し、Ｃａ（ＨＳＯ３）２を生成する吸収液６となる。空気供給管４から供給される空気気泡５中の酸素により吸収液６中のＣａ（ＨＳＯ３）２が酸化され、硫酸カルシウム（ＣａＳＯ４）が生成される。この硫酸カルシウムと常時供給される炭酸カルシウムを含むスラリー状の吸収液は再び吸収液循環ポンプ７によって吸込まれて双方向スプレーノズル１３から噴射される。また、必要な場合には排液は抜き液管８を経由して吸収塔から排出される。 The liquid flow ejected from the bidirectional spray nozzle 13 absorbs SO 2 in the exhaust gas by gas-liquid contact, and becomes an absorbing liquid 6 that generates Ca (HSO 3 ) 2 . Ca (HSO 3 ) 2 in the absorbing liquid 6 is oxidized by oxygen in the air bubbles 5 supplied from the air supply pipe 4 to generate calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ). The slurry-like absorption liquid containing calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate that is always supplied is again sucked by the absorption liquid circulation pump 7 and sprayed from the bidirectional spray nozzle 13. If necessary, the drainage is discharged from the absorption tower via the drainage pipe 8.
スプレー方式の従来技術では、シングル方向或いは双方向のいずれの場合においても、ノズルによる噴射ゾーン以外の空間は気液接触のデッドスペースが存在する問題が指摘されている。 In the conventional spray method, it has been pointed out that there is a gas-liquid contact dead space in the space other than the jetting zone by the nozzle in both cases of single direction and bidirectional direction.
例えば、図２の左図は従来の双方向スプレーノズルを用いて噴射した模様の側面図を示し、数字の１と２は上下向きの噴射エリアーを表すものである。立体的に上の段のノズル及び近隣のノズルからの噴射流量を加算しても、気液接触密度の不均一さがかなり大きく、それ故、ガスの乱れが生じ、そして吸収効率が低くなる問題があった。 For example, the left figure of FIG. 2 shows the side view of the pattern sprayed using the conventional bidirectional spray nozzle, and the numbers 1 and 2 represent the vertical spray areas. Even if the injection flow from the upper stage nozzle and the neighboring nozzles is added three-dimensionally, the non-uniformity of the gas-liquid contact density is considerably large, and therefore gas turbulence occurs and the absorption efficiency is low. was there.
本発明の課題は、ノズルの噴射ゾーンを立体的に均一化させ、排ガス流れの乱れを抑え、気液接触密度の均一化ができて、高脱硫率を得られ、よりコンパクト化が可能な吸収塔を備えた湿式排煙脱硫装置を得ることである。 The object of the present invention is to make the injection zone of the nozzle three-dimensionally uniform, suppress the disturbance of the exhaust gas flow, make the gas-liquid contact density uniform, obtain a high desulfurization rate, and make the absorption more compact It is to obtain a wet flue gas desulfurization apparatus equipped with a tower.
本発明の上記課題は次の解決手段により達成される。 The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following means.
請求項１記載の発明は、吸収液を吸収液循環ポンプによって、吸収塔上部に設置する多段のスプレーヘッダーのスプレーノズルを経て噴射して、吸収塔下部から導入した排ガスと気液接触させる吸収塔を設けた湿式排煙脱硫装置において、前記多段のスプレーヘッダーの最上段を除く各段に設置したスプレーノズルが、上向きと下向きと横向きとを有する三方向スプレーノズルであり、当該三方向スプレーノズルの上向きスプレーノズルからの吸収液噴射流量と下向きスプレーノズルからの吸収液噴射流量と横向きスプレーノズルからの吸収液噴射流量の比（上向き噴射流量：下向き噴射流量：横向き噴射流量）が０．２〜１：１：０．０５〜０．４の範囲内であることを特徴とする湿式排煙脱硫装置である。 The invention according to claim 1 is an absorption tower in which an absorption liquid is injected by an absorption liquid circulation pump through a spray nozzle of a multi-stage spray header installed in the upper part of the absorption tower, and brought into gas-liquid contact with exhaust gas introduced from the lower part of the absorption tower. In the wet flue gas desulfurization apparatus, the spray nozzles installed in each stage excluding the uppermost stage of the multi-stage spray header are three-way spray nozzles having an upward direction, a downward direction, and a horizontal direction, The ratio of the absorption liquid injection flow rate from the upward spray nozzle to the absorption liquid injection flow rate from the downward spray nozzle and the absorption liquid injection flow rate from the horizontal spray nozzle (upward injection flow rate: downward injection flow rate: horizontal injection flow rate) is 0.2 to 1. 1: It is the wet flue gas desulfurization apparatus characterized by being in the range of 0.05-0.4.
請求項２記載の発明は、請求項１に記載の湿式排煙脱硫装置において、三方向スプレーノズルの上向き、下向き、横向き三方向のスプレーノズルの吸収液噴射角度をそれぞれ７５〜１３５度、７５〜１５０度、横向きの円錐噴射ゾーンの縦角度９０度以下、横向きの円錐噴射ゾーンの水平角度１６０度以下の範囲内とする構成である。 The invention according to claim 2 is the wet flue gas desulfurization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the three-direction spray nozzle upward, downward, and lateral three-direction spray nozzles have an injection angle of 75 to 135 degrees and 75 to The vertical angle of the horizontal cone injection zone is 150 degrees or less, and the horizontal angle of the horizontal cone injection zone is 160 degrees or less.
請求項３記載の発明は、請求項１又は２に記載の湿式排煙脱硫装置において、前記多段のスプレーヘッダーの最上段に設置したスプレーノズルを、下向きのみのスプレーノズルとする構成である。 The invention according to claim 3 is the wet flue gas desulfurization apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the spray nozzle installed at the uppermost stage of the multi-stage spray header is a spray nozzle only facing downward.
本発明によれば、吸収塔内での気液接触ゾーンの均一化によって、排ガスの偏流防止、液滴不均一散布が改善され、脱硫率を向上する効果が達成できる。さらに、三方向スプレーノズルから上下と横三方向に吸収液を噴射するため、従来の気液接触が十分発揮できなかった区間を無くし、実質的に気液接触面積が増加でき、スプレーノズル個数の低減が可能である。それ故、従来技術より低コストで、かつ小型・高性能な湿式排煙脱硫装置が得られる。 According to the present invention, by making the gas-liquid contact zone uniform in the absorption tower, it is possible to improve the prevention of uneven flow of exhaust gas and non-uniform dispersion of liquid droplets, and to improve the desulfurization rate. Furthermore, since the absorbing liquid is jetted from the three-way spray nozzle in the top and bottom and side three directions, there is no section where the conventional gas-liquid contact could not be sufficiently exerted, the gas-liquid contact area can be substantially increased, and the number of spray nozzles can be increased. Reduction is possible. Therefore, a low-cost and high-performance wet flue gas desulfurization apparatus can be obtained at a lower cost than the prior art.
以下に本発明の実施形態について実施例を用いて説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below using examples.
図１は本発明による実施例の湿式排煙脱硫装置の吸収塔の側面図を示す。符号の説明により、番号１は吸収塔本体、２は排ガス、３は撹拌機、４は空気供給管、５は空気気泡、６は吸収液、７は吸収液循環ポンプ、８は抜き液管、９はスプレーヘッダー、１０は三方向スプレーノズル、１１はミストエリミネータ、１２は処理ガスである。 FIG. 1 shows a side view of an absorption tower of a wet flue gas desulfurization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. By reference to the reference numerals, reference numeral 1 is an absorption tower body, 2 is exhaust gas, 3 is a stirrer, 4 is an air supply pipe, 5 is an air bubble, 6 is an absorption liquid, 7 is an absorption liquid circulation pump, 8 is a drainage pipe, 9 is a spray header, 10 is a three-way spray nozzle, 11 is a mist eliminator, and 12 is a process gas.
そして、ボイラから排出される排ガス２は、吸収塔本体１の下部に導入され、多段かつ段毎に配置された複数の三方向スプレーノズルによる噴射した液流と接触し、この気液吸収ゾーンを経て、脱硫処理された後、塔頂部から排出される。吸収液循環ポンプ７から送られる炭酸カルシウムを含んだ吸収液６は上述の三方向スプレーノズル１０から噴射され
る。
And the exhaust gas 2 discharged | emitted from a boiler is introduce | transduced into the lower part of the absorption tower main body 1, and contacts with the liquid flow injected by the several three-way spray nozzle arrange | positioned in multistage and every stage, this gas-liquid absorption zone is made into Then, after being desulfurized, it is discharged from the top of the column. The absorption liquid 6 containing calcium carbonate sent from the absorption liquid circulation pump 7 is sprayed from the above-described three-way spray nozzle 10.
三方向スプレーノズル１０から噴射された液流は、気液接触により排ガス中のＳＯ２を吸収し、Ｃａ（ＨＳＯ３）２を生成する吸収液６となる。空気供給管４から供給される空気気泡５中の酸素により吸収液６中のＣａ（ＨＳＯ３）２が酸化され、硫酸カルシウム（ＣａＳＯ４）が生成される。この硫酸カルシウムと常時供給される炭酸カルシウムを含むスラリー状の吸収液を再び吸収液循環ポンプ７によって吸込まれて三方向スプレーノズル１０から噴射される。また、必要な場合には排液は抜き液管８を経由して吸収塔から排出
される。
The liquid flow ejected from the three-way spray nozzle 10 absorbs SO 2 in the exhaust gas by gas-liquid contact, and becomes an absorbing liquid 6 that generates Ca (HSO 3 ) 2 . Ca (HSO 3 ) 2 in the absorbing liquid 6 is oxidized by oxygen in the air bubbles 5 supplied from the air supply pipe 4 to generate calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ). The slurry-like absorption liquid containing calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate that is always supplied is again sucked by the absorption liquid circulation pump 7 and sprayed from the three-way spray nozzle 10. If necessary, the drainage is discharged from the absorption tower via the drainage pipe 8.
上記本実施例の吸収塔は、三方向スプレーノズル１０は、上方向と下方向と横方向の三方向に吸収液を噴射できるという特徴を有し、また、最上段を除く各段に配置した吸収塔壁に最近隣の三方向スプレーノズルは、上向きスプレーノズルからの吸収液噴射流量と下向きスプレーノズルからの吸収液噴射流量と横向きスプレーノズルからの吸収液噴射流量の比（上向き噴射流量：下向き噴射流量：横向き噴射流量）を０．２〜１：１：０．０５〜０．４の範囲内とする。また、三方向スプレーノズルの上、下、横三方向のスプレーノズルの吸収液噴射角度をそれぞれ７５〜１３５度、７５〜１５０度、横向きの円錐噴射ゾーンの縦角度９０度以下、横向きの円錐噴射ゾーンの水平角度１６０度以下とする。さらに、最上段には下向きのみのスプレーノズルを使うように設計されている。 The absorption tower of the present embodiment has the feature that the three-way spray nozzle 10 can inject the absorbing liquid in the three directions of the upward direction, the downward direction, and the lateral direction, and is arranged in each stage except the uppermost stage. The three-way spray nozzle closest to the absorption tower wall is the ratio of the absorption liquid injection flow rate from the upward spray nozzle, the absorption liquid injection flow rate from the downward spray nozzle, and the absorption liquid injection flow rate from the horizontal spray nozzle (upward injection flow rate: downward (Injection flow rate: lateral injection flow rate) is set in the range of 0.2 to 1: 1: 0.05 to 0.4. Further, the absorption liquid injection angles of the upper, lower, and horizontal spray nozzles of the three-way spray nozzle are 75 to 135 degrees and 75 to 150 degrees, respectively, and the longitudinal angle of the horizontal cone spray zone is 90 degrees or less. The horizontal angle of the zone is 160 degrees or less. In addition, the top row is designed to use only a downward spray nozzle.
実験例において、三方向スプレーノズル１０を用いて、従来の双方向スプレーノズルとの比較を行い、排ガス量を一定量に固定し、同量の噴射流量で実施したものである。噴射流量による脱硫率への影響を図６に示す。三方向スプレーノズルと双方向スプレーノズルのいずれにも、噴射流量の増加に従って脱硫率は向上するが、同じ流量での脱硫率は三方向スプレーノズルを使った場合には、双方向より高い値が得られる傾向がある。これは、双方向スプレーノズルより三方向スプレーノズルによる横向きの吸収液の噴射が、気液接触ゾーンをより均一化することにより、脱硫率の増加に寄与するからである。図６の実験例の三方向スプレーノズルの場合、上向き噴射流量：下向き噴射流量：横向き噴射流量の割合を１：１：０．２で実施し、双方向スプレーノズルにおいては上向き噴射流量：下向き噴射流量の割合を１：１で実施した。 In the experimental example, the three-way spray nozzle 10 was used to compare with a conventional bidirectional spray nozzle, the exhaust gas amount was fixed to a constant amount, and the injection flow rate was the same. The influence of the injection flow rate on the desulfurization rate is shown in FIG. Both the three-way spray nozzle and the two-way spray nozzle improve the desulfurization rate as the injection flow rate increases. However, when the three-way spray nozzle is used, the desulfurization rate at the same flow rate is higher than the two-way spray nozzle. There is a tendency to be obtained. This is because the injection of the lateral absorption liquid by the three-way spray nozzle rather than the bidirectional spray nozzle contributes to an increase in the desulfurization rate by making the gas-liquid contact zone more uniform. In the case of the three-way spray nozzle of the experimental example of FIG. 6, the ratio of upward spray flow rate: downward spray flow rate: lateral spray flow rate is 1: 1: 0.2, and upward spray flow rate: downward spray in the bidirectional spray nozzle. The flow rate ratio was 1: 1.
また、実験例において、三方向スプレーノズル１０を用いて、横向き吸収液の噴射流量対上下横三方向噴射総流量の比による脱硫率への影響を図７に示す。総噴射流量を一定に固定し、横噴射流量対総流量の比は０の時の脱硫率を基準として実施したものである。図７より、横噴射流量対総流量の比の増加に従って脱硫率は向上するが、上向き噴射量対下向き噴射量の比を１：１に固定する場合には、横噴射流量対総噴射流量の比が０．０７〜０．１の範囲を超えると、脱硫率がふたたび下がる傾向がある。さらに、横噴射流量対総噴射流量の比が０．１７を超えると、横噴射流量０の時の脱硫率より下がる。これは、横向きの吸収液の噴射流量が増加することにより、一定の範囲内で気液接触ゾーンが均一化され、更なる横向きの噴射流量を増加すると均一化が悪化する方向に転化するためである。図７の実験例において、上向き噴射流量：下向き噴射流量：横向き噴射流量の比が１：１：０の場合は脱硫率９０％、１：１：０．１１８の場合は脱硫率９２．５％、１：１：０．１９５の場合は脱硫率９３．３％、１：１：０．３３８の場合は脱硫率９１．８％、１：１：０．４６６の場合は脱硫率８８．２％であった。 Further, in the experimental example, using the three-way spray nozzle 10, the influence on the desulfurization rate by the ratio of the injection flow rate of the lateral absorption liquid to the total vertical and horizontal three-way injection flow rate is shown in FIG. 7. The total injection flow rate is fixed, and the ratio of the lateral injection flow rate to the total flow rate is carried out based on the desulfurization rate when it is zero. From FIG. 7, the desulfurization rate improves as the ratio of the lateral injection flow rate to the total flow rate increases. However, when the ratio of the upward injection amount to the downward injection amount is fixed to 1: 1, the lateral injection flow rate to the total injection flow rate When the ratio exceeds the range of 0.07 to 0.1, the desulfurization rate tends to decrease again. Furthermore, when the ratio of the lateral injection flow rate to the total injection flow rate exceeds 0.17, the desulfurization rate when the lateral injection flow rate is 0 is lowered. This is because the gas-liquid contact zone is made uniform within a certain range by increasing the injection flow rate of the absorbent liquid in the horizontal direction, and when the horizontal injection flow rate is further increased, the uniformity is deteriorated. is there. In the experimental example of FIG. 7, the desulfurization rate is 90% when the ratio of the upward injection flow rate: the downward injection flow rate: the lateral injection flow rate is 1: 1: 0, and the desulfurization rate is 92.5% when 1: 1: 0.118. In the case of 1: 1: 0.195, the desulfurization rate is 93.3%, in the case of 1: 1: 0.338, the desulfurization rate is 91.8%, and in the case of 1: 1: 0.466, the desulfurization rate is 88.2. %Met.
脱硫率は脱硫処理前後の排ガス中の二酸化硫黄の測定結果から計算した。排ガス中の二酸化硫黄の測定はＪＩＳ Ｂ７９８１（２００２）に準じた。以下、同様である。 The desulfurization rate was calculated from the measurement results of sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas before and after the desulfurization treatment. The measurement of sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas was based on JIS B7981 (2002). The same applies hereinafter.
図６と図７に示す実験結果より、三方向スプレーノズルの上向きスプレーノズルからの吸収液噴射流量と下向きスプレーノズルからの吸収液噴射流量と横向きスプレーノズルからの吸収液噴射流量の比（上向き噴射流量：下向き噴射流量：横向き噴射流量）を０．２〜１：１：０．０５〜０．４の範囲内とするのが望ましいものである。上向き噴射と下向き噴射の衝突によって液滴の微小化が促進され、脱硫率が上がる傾向がある。逆に上向き噴射量と下向き噴射量の比があまり大きくなると、スプレーノズルからの噴射の多くがガスの流れの方向と同一方向となるため、脱硫率が下がる傾向がある。したがって、上述の上向き噴射量と下向き噴射量の比を０．２〜１：１の範囲内とするのが望ましいものである。 From the experimental results shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the ratio of the absorption liquid injection flow rate from the upward spray nozzle, the absorption liquid injection flow rate from the downward spray nozzle, and the absorption liquid injection flow rate from the horizontal spray nozzle (upward injection). It is desirable that the flow rate: downward injection flow rate: lateral injection flow rate) be in the range of 0.2 to 1: 1: 0.05 to 0.4. The collision of the upward injection and the downward injection promotes the miniaturization of the droplets and tends to increase the desulfurization rate. Conversely, if the ratio of the upward injection amount and the downward injection amount becomes too large, most of the injection from the spray nozzle is in the same direction as the gas flow direction, and the desulfurization rate tends to decrease. Therefore, it is desirable to set the ratio of the upward injection amount and the downward injection amount within the range of 0.2 to 1: 1.
図２の右図は、三方向スプレーノズルの噴射模様を示している。数字１と２は上下向きの噴射エリアーを示し、数字３は横向き噴射のエリアーを示す側面図である。 The right figure of FIG. 2 shows the spray pattern of the three-way spray nozzle. Numbers 1 and 2 are vertical injection areas, and number 3 is a side view showing a horizontal injection area.
図３は、スプレーノズル所在平面を上から見たスプレーノズル噴射模様の平面図である。左図は従来の双方向スプレーノズルを用いて噴射した模様の平面図を示し、右図の数字の３は横向き噴射のエリアーを示す平面図である。図３の左図より、従来の双方向スプレーノズルにおいてはスプレーノズル所在平面上にはスプレーノズル噴射ゾーンは存在しないことは言うまでもなく、右図より、三方向スプレーノズルの横噴射による、従来空白のスプレーゾーンがなくなることが分かる。 FIG. 3 is a plan view of a spray nozzle spray pattern in which the spray nozzle location plane is viewed from above. The left figure shows a plan view of a pattern sprayed by using a conventional bidirectional spray nozzle, and the numeral 3 in the right figure is a plan view showing an area for lateral injection. From the left figure of FIG. 3, it is obvious that there is no spray nozzle spray zone on the spray nozzle location plane in the conventional bidirectional spray nozzle. You can see that the spray zone is gone.
図４は、複数の最近隣ノズルの噴射模様の側面図である。図４の上図は従来の双方向スプレーノズルを用いて噴射した模様の側面図を示し、数字の１と２はそれぞれ上下向きの噴射エリアーを表すものである。図４の下図は、三方向スプレーノズルの噴射模様を示している。数字１と２はそれぞれ上下向きの噴射エリアーを示し、数字３は横向き噴射のエリアーを示す側面図である。 FIG. 4 is a side view of a spray pattern of a plurality of nearest neighbor nozzles. The upper part of FIG. 4 shows a side view of a pattern sprayed using a conventional bidirectional spray nozzle, and the numerals 1 and 2 represent vertical spray areas, respectively. The lower part of FIG. 4 shows the spray pattern of the three-way spray nozzle. Numbers 1 and 2 are respectively vertical side injection areas, and number 3 is a side view showing a sideways injection area.
図５は、最近隣上下２段における複数の三方向スプレーノズルを用いる最近隣ノズルの噴射模様の側面図である。数字１と２と３はそれぞれ上下横向きの噴射エリアーを示す。 FIG. 5 is a side view of the spray pattern of the nearest nozzle using a plurality of three-way spray nozzles in the nearest upper and lower two stages. Numbers 1, 2, and 3 indicate vertical and horizontal injection areas, respectively.
図２、図３、図４と図５から、従来の双方向スプレーノズルと比べ、三方向スプレーノズルの噴射エリアーはより均一化できることがわかる。 2, 3, 4, and 5, it can be seen that the spray area of the three-way spray nozzle can be made more uniform than the conventional bidirectional spray nozzle.
一方、本発明では、スプレーノズルからの噴射全流量を一定割合で上向き、下向きと横向き三方向に噴射できるスプレーノズルを用いることにより上下横三方向に吸収液を噴射する構成を利用して、さらに、段毎に千鳥式でノズルをできるだけ最大なオーバーラップを図るように配置して、吸収塔内気液吸収ゾーンをできるだけ均一化をさせ、高い脱硫率が得られる。図９は、本発明技術による吸収塔内複数段のノズルの配置を示す平面図である。ここで示した各段は、同じ配置を有するが、各段の間に２０〜６０度をずらして組み合わせることによって、ノズル噴射エリアーの最大なオーバーラップが実現でき、施工、製造にも簡素化ができる（なお、図９では一例として３０度ずらした場合の実施態様を示す）。 On the other hand, in the present invention, using a spray nozzle capable of spraying the total flow rate of spray from the spray nozzle at a fixed rate upward, downward and laterally in three directions, a configuration in which the absorbing liquid is sprayed in three directions, up and down, and further, The nozzles are arranged in a staggered manner for each stage so that the maximum overlap is possible as much as possible, and the gas-liquid absorption zone in the absorption tower is made uniform as much as possible to obtain a high desulfurization rate. FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the arrangement of nozzles in a plurality of stages in the absorption tower according to the technique of the present invention. Although each stage shown here has the same arrangement, the maximum overlap of the nozzle injection area can be realized by shifting 20-60 degrees between each stage, and the construction and manufacturing can be simplified. (Note that FIG. 9 shows an embodiment in the case of shifting by 30 degrees as an example).
一方、最上段に設置したスプレーノズルに関しては、下向きのみのスプレーノズルを用いることにより、ガス流れ方向に沿った上向きの噴射量はゼロであるので、従来の双方向スプレーノズルを使用した排煙脱硫装置において上向き噴射液流がガスに乗ってミストエリミネータを通過するような現象を大きく抑制できる。 On the other hand, for the spray nozzle installed at the uppermost stage, by using only the downward spray nozzle, the upward injection amount along the gas flow direction is zero, so the flue gas desulfurization using the conventional bidirectional spray nozzle In the apparatus, it is possible to greatly suppress a phenomenon in which the upward jet liquid flow rides on the gas and passes through the mist eliminator.
１ 吸収塔本体
２ 排ガス
３ 撹拌機
４ 空気供給管
５ 空気気泡
６ 吸収液
７ 吸収液循環ポンプ
８ 抜き液管
９ スプレーヘッダー
１０ 三方向スプレーノズル
１１ ミストエリミネータ
１２ 処理ガス
１３ 双方向スプレーノズル
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Absorption tower body 2 Exhaust gas 3 Stirrer 4 Air supply pipe 5 Air bubble 6 Absorbing liquid 7 Absorbing liquid circulation pump 8 Draining liquid pipe 9 Spray header 10 Three-way spray nozzle 11 Mist eliminator 12 Process gas 13 Two-way spray nozzle
Claims (3)
The wet flue gas desulfurization device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the spray nozzle installed at the uppermost stage of the multi-stage spray header is a spray nozzle only facing downward.
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| WO2011142405A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
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| TW201210677A (en) | 2012-03-16 |
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