JP2012186989A - Charge/discharge stabilization automatic round-robin style system for storage battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To contribute to stabilization and self-support of power supply by utilizing a storage battery as well as stimulate "ecoism", by relating to independent distribution technologies in factories, power self-support in households, and power supply to vehicles, and being applied to manufacturers developing and manufacturing power semiconductor devices or storage batteries.SOLUTION: A charge/discharge stabilization automatic round-robin style system comprising: a circuit for charging/discharging individual storage batteries by making 3 or more storage batteries transit among 3 states of discharging, standby for discharging, and charging; and an open/close switch of power in the circuit as a power semiconductor device, monitors capacity of the storage batteries, and makes the open/close switch operate continuously by sequence control to utilize the storage batteries in a round-robin style (revolver style). The charge/discharge stabilization automatic round-robin style system makes the charge/discharge uniform, considering characteristics of the individual storage batteries.

Description

The present invention relates to a charge / discharge system for a storage battery.

Conventionally, storage batteries are connected in series or in parallel to perform charging and discharging, but it is difficult to supply constant power to a load while handling a large number of storage batteries. When connecting a storage battery to a power source or a load, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of the storage battery, and storage batteries having different characteristics are not used at the same time. There was no need to charge and discharge a single battery, and charging and discharging were single. In addition, the storage battery has a capacity limitation, and it is difficult to use a large number of storage batteries as a power supply source.

Set up three transitions for discharge and discharge standby and charge for the storage battery, prepare the storage battery, and generate a constant DC power supply by repeatedly charging and discharging the storage battery in a round robin type (revolver type) Can do. When charging / discharging is repeated, an open / close switch for power is provided to sequentially form a circuit in three transition states. Used to control the power on / off switch. Even if the power source for charging the storage battery is a non-stationary power source such as a photovoltaic power generation panel or wind power generation, or a non-stationary power consumption of a load connected to the storage battery, If it is a system configuration, it becomes a power source for supplying a certain amount of electric power and is buffered.

It is the block diagram of this invention, and the schematic diagram of a circuit structure. Reference numeral 100 denotes a power source for solar power generation panels and wind power generation, and is also commercial power supplied by an electric power company. Reference numeral 200 denotes a rectifier diode for preventing the voltage source from the storage battery from flowing backward to the power source. Reference numeral 202 denotes a power fuse that ensures the safety of the system, and plays a role of shutting off when an overcurrent occurs. Although 201 is an image of a relay switch as a mechanical open / close switch, by replacing 201 with a power semiconductor element, it can have a function capable of constantly supplying power to a load. This is illustrated by giving an equivalent explanation to FIG. Reference numeral 333 denotes a portion connected to an inverter, which is a collective output terminal of each series in the circuit of the present invention. Reference numeral 101 denotes an inverter that generates an alternating current of 100 V at a commercial frequency of 50/60 Hz in Japan. Reference numeral 102 denotes a load that consumes power in a home appliance or the like. Reference numeral 777 denotes an individual storage battery. A parallel-serial conversion circuit 103 is omitted through a normal analog-to-digital conversion circuit, which is an electric circuit for transmitting a digital or analog signal in which the capacity of the storage battery 444 is detected. Further, reference numeral 103 is connected to a personal computer 999, the details of which are shown in FIG. The capacity of each storage battery is detected and electrically connected to a personal computer 999 via an interface. The personal computer 999 monitors the storage battery and transfers the result to the sequence control apparatus. A voltage is applied to the base (gate) of the power on / off switch in each series of storage batteries via a digital / analog conversion circuit, and the power on / off switch is dynamically operated by turning on / off the power on / off switch. . In order to replace the 201 power open / close switch of FIG. 1 with a power semiconductor element and to make the emitter (source) and collector (drain) conductive, the base is connected via the SC sequence control device and the digital / analog conversion circuit shown in FIG. A voltage is applied to (gate). It is the schematic with the intention of making electrical conduction between an emitter (source) and a collector (drain). The mechanical relay switch in the diagram 201 may be placed on the power semiconductor and compared with FIG. It is a schematic diagram for allocating a number to the open / close switch of electric power and explaining the state of each open / close switch. Reference numeral 222 denotes a black box for the power open / close switch. FIG. 9 is a preliminary schematic diagram for clearly showing the state transition of each of the storage batteries of FIG. 7 and FIG. The central processing unit CPU, the memory MEM, and the hard disk drive HDD are connected to a high-speed bus and connected to a bus controller BC, and are connected to a low-speed bus, while input / output I / O such as a computer display and a keyboard, and USB (registered trademark). ) And RS-232C are connected to a low-speed bus. Each storage battery BT has a circuit for detecting the capacity, and its output signal is connected to the USB (registered trademark) of the personal computer 999 via the analog-to-digital conversion A / D and the parallel-serial conversion circuit. The RS-232C of the personal computer 999 is connected to the sequence controller SC, and controls the sequence controller SC according to the program in the memory and the algorithm shown in the flowchart of FIG. A specified voltage is applied to the base (gate) of the semiconductor element for controlling the individual power open / close switches SW shown in FIG. The transition state of each storage battery is shown, and it is illustrated that it is a round robin type (revolver type). It is a flowchart for driving the open / close switch of electric power with the remaining capacity of each storage battery as an input. The transition state of the system in the numbers assigned in FIG. 3 (power on / off switches 1 to 9) and symbols (accumulators A to C) is tabulated. Three storage batteries are set, but when four or more storage batteries are installed, the priority discharge order of the standby storage batteries is the highest by sorting the charging completion date and time on the personal computer (in ascending order). The sequence controller is controlled so that the finally charged storage battery is directed to discharge. FIG. 3 is a table showing the transition state of the system in the numbers (1 to 9 power open / close switches) and symbols (A to C storage batteries) assigned in FIG. 3, and the power supply and load not depending on the discharge of each storage battery. It is a table showing a state where power is supplied directly to a load, and depends on maintenance of individual storage batteries and replacement work of deteriorated storage batteries.

Patent application title: Charge / discharge device for storage battery

In power electronics, which is one field of the present invention, power semiconductor elements are frequently used. A circuit for charging and discharging each storage battery by transitioning three or more storage batteries as three states of discharge, standby for discharge, and charging, and a power open / close switch in the circuit are configured as power semiconductor elements. However, the capacity of the storage battery is monitored, the open / close switch is continuously operated by sequence control, and the storage battery is utilized in a round robin type (revolver type). Charge and discharge are made uniform in consideration of the characteristics of individual storage batteries. A power semiconductor element is used as a power open / close switch for connecting a load, a power source, and individual storage batteries. When controlling the opening / closing switch, a circuit for detecting the remaining capacity of each storage battery, an algorithm for driving the opening / closing switch on condition of the remaining capacity of the storage battery, and discharging of each storage battery that has been fully charged are used. There are algorithms for preferentially discharging the storage batteries that have been charged most recently while waiting, and algorithms for charging storage batteries that are urgently running out of remaining capacity. The power open / close switch is turned on / off by sequence control according to the algorithm. Since power can be switched by applying a voltage to the gate and base of each power semiconductor element, it is possible to apply a voltage by sequence control. Power semiconductor elements typically include rectifier diodes, power transistors, insulated gate bipolar transistors, thyristors (registered trademark), gate turn-off thyristors (registered trademark), triacs (registered trademark), and also include mechanical relay switches. The present invention applies them all as a power on / off switch. The reason for using the power semiconductor element is to increase the electrical insulation with the storage battery to obtain a high-speed switching response, and to constantly supply power to the load. The storage battery itself is direct current power. If an inverter that converts direct current power to alternating current power is attached to the collective output terminal of each individual storage battery via a power open / close switch, alternating current power of 50 and 60 hertz is obtained. Although electric power can be used steadily by using household electrical appliances or the like as a load, the number of installed storage batteries and the capacity and switching of the open / close switch of power are inevitable. The inverter may be a Royer circuit, a current resonance type, a collector resonance type circuit, or a variable voltage variable frequency control. The power source for charging the storage battery and its connection may be a commercial power source for nighttime that is the power of the electric power company. With the recent power situation, it is possible to connect a large number of photovoltaic power generation panels or to connect the system of the present invention with a non-stationary power generation source such as wind power generation as a power source without connecting those commercial power sources Power can be stably supplied to homes. On the other hand, nickel cadmium storage batteries, nickel metal hydride storage batteries, lithium ion batteries, lead storage batteries, and the like are widely used as storage batteries, and charging / discharging algorithms corresponding to the characteristics of these storage batteries are also applicable. That is, the memory effect in the storage battery is taken into consideration. When a large number of storage batteries are operated, if deterioration is recognized in the storage battery waiting for discharge, maintenance such as replacement of the storage battery is easy. When each storage battery is connected to a load, power consumption is not balanced day and night as a household power source, but a number of storage batteries and the remaining capacity of the storage battery are detected, and the power open / close switch is sequenced in a certain algorithm If the capacity of the discharging storage battery connected to the load is reduced by functioning in the control, power can be steadily supplied by switching to another storage battery. Using a power semiconductor element for the power on / off switch, converting the electrical signal obtained from the circuit that detects the remaining capacity of the storage battery into a digital signal, and connecting the information processing device such as a personal computer with a common interface The USB (registered trademark) standard or RS-232C may be used, and the detected signal is monitored to control the three transition states of the storage battery. It is also possible by sequence control. In addition, when installing a large number of storage batteries, it is possible to provide a variety of man-machine interfaces by using the network functions such as IEEE 802.3 and 802.11 and using the OSI network layer frequently, and the performance and transition state of the storage battery can be provided. Can be managed. As a method for detecting the remaining capacity of a storage battery, the technology of digital conversion of the analog signal has been established, and it is only necessary to measure the internal resistance between the terminals of the storage battery or measure the output voltage of the storage battery. The design is done and it is a design matter. Because multitasking is possible with a personal computer, individual storage batteries can be monitored with multitasking. The OS is set to LINUX (registered trademark) and the algorithm is coded using JAVA (registered trademark) as the control program. If this is the case, the development cost of the round-robin control program can be reduced because of the existing technology base. Furthermore, although a personal computer and a sequence control device group for controlling the charge / discharge of each storage battery and the power on / off switch are presented, these may be replaced with a programmable logic controller, which is a ladder diagram. In addition, the ladder logic can be easily designed, and there is an advantage that the development cost of the control program can be reduced and the reliability of the system can be highly verified. If the storage battery is charged and fully charged (charged), the last charged battery is round-robin, and it takes a long time to wait for discharge, a circuit is added to perform trickle charging. However, it is obvious that the number of installed storage batteries and their capacity and characteristics depend on the load and the power source, and it is also a design matter in the present invention. These need to be verified in the future, such as demonstration experiments, in the future. The present invention relates to a self-sustained household power source, a self-sustaining wholesale electricity business. Furthermore, it can be applied to a hybrid vehicle.

100 power supply (including solar power generation panel, wind power generation, commercial power supply)
101 Inverter 102 Load 103 Parallel serial conversion circuit (Analog / digital conversion circuit with storage battery is omitted)
200 Rectifier diode for preventing reverse current 201 Power switch (replaces power semiconductor element)
202 Overcurrent cut-off fuse 222 Power switch is numbered by black box 333 Collective output terminal 444 Electric circuit for electrically transmitting the remaining capacity of each storage battery to the parallel-serial conversion circuit (analog-digital conversion circuit is omitted) )
777 Storage battery 888 Insulated gate bipolar transistor (Replace mechanical switch diagram with power semiconductor element)
999 Personal computer (information processing equipment)

Claims (2)

Having three or more storage batteries, according to the remaining capacity of each storage battery, the cycle of discharge, standby for discharge, and charging is repeated in sequence, and each storage battery is repeatedly charged and discharged in a round-robin fashion. An automatic round robin system for stabilizing the charge and discharge of a storage battery, characterized in that power is supplied to a load connected to the storage battery with a steady power supply voltage.
  A series that has three or more storage batteries and connects the power supply to the storage battery for charging, a series that forms a closed circuit in which the storage battery is not connected to the power supply and the load, and a load connected to the storage battery A power open / close switch for linking each series to a load and a power source while consolidating the three series constituting the circuit that discharges the storage battery into one circuit and detecting the remaining capacity of each storage battery The automatic round robin system which stabilizes charging / discharging of the storage battery characterized by controlling the battery.