JP2014223867A - Vehicle air conditioner and vehicle air conditioner control method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vehicle air conditioner capable of suppressing outdoor air from being introduced into a motor room during heating.SOLUTION: A vehicle air conditioner comprises: a refrigeration cycle 2 in which refrigerant circulates; an air conditioning cycle 4 including a heater core 34 heating air during a heating operation by first coolant having been subjected to heat exchange with refrigerant by a condenser 11 in the refrigeration cycle 2; a cooling unit 37 in which the first coolant circulates and that cools the first coolant by the outdoor air; a first shutter 6a adjusting introduction of the outdoor air into the cooling unit 37 in response to a cooling request of the cooling unit 37; and a second shutter 6b that can be opened/closed independently of the first shutter 6a. During the heating operation, the second shutter 6b shuts off the outdoor air.

Description

  The present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner.

  Conventionally, a heat-dissipating heat exchanger that collects waste heat from heat-generating equipment in automobiles has been provided. During heating operation, air heated by the heat-dissipating heat exchanger is used to warm the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger, and this refrigerant is used. Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for warming indoor air with an indoor heat exchanger.

JP 2003-34130 A

  In the above technology, during heating operation, the damper provided between the heat exchanger for heat dissipation and the outdoor heat exchanger is opened, and the air that has passed through the heat exchanger for heat dissipation is taken into the outdoor heat exchanger to recover waste heat. However, it is used for heating the passenger compartment through a refrigeration cycle.

  However, in the above technique, when the damper is opened, the traveling wind is also introduced into the periphery of the compressor, etc., the refrigerant pressurized by the compressor is cooled, and the amount of waste heat collected in the heat dissipation heat exchanger is reduced. However, the heating efficiency decreases.

  The present invention was invented in order to solve such problems, and aims to improve the heating efficiency by suppressing the reduction of the amount of waste heat collected in the heat radiating heat exchanger during heating. To do.

  The vehicle air conditioner according to an aspect of the present invention includes a compressor that compresses the first refrigerant, a condenser that condenses the first refrigerant compressed by the compressor, and the first that is condensed by the condenser. Heating is performed by a refrigeration cycle having an evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant, an expansion valve that decompresses the first refrigerant flowing into the evaporator, and a second refrigerant that exchanges heat with the first refrigerant by the condenser. An air conditioning cycle having a heater core that warms air during operation, a cooling unit that cools the second refrigerant with outside air, and a first that adjusts introduction of the outside air into the cooling unit according to a cooling request of the cooling unit The shutter part and the first shutter part can be opened and closed independently, and are directed to at least one of the second refrigerant flow path from the condenser to the heater core, the compressor, or the condenser. And a second shutter portion for adjusting the introduction of air, the during the heating operation, the second shutter portion for blocking the outside air.

  According to this aspect, the first shutter part and the second shutter part can be opened and closed independently, and the heating efficiency of the air conditioner is improved by blocking the introduction of outside air by the second shutter part during the heating operation. be able to.

1 is a system configuration diagram of an air conditioner for an electric vehicle. It is the schematic which shows arrangement | positioning of the components which comprise the air conditioner of 1st Embodiment. It is the schematic which shows arrangement | positioning of the 1st radiator shutter at the time of seeing a vehicle from the front, a 2nd radiator shutter, and a compressor. It is a flowchart explaining opening and closing control of a 1st radiator shutter and a 2nd radiator shutter. It is the schematic which shows arrangement | positioning of the components which comprise the air conditioner of 2nd Embodiment.

  An air conditioner 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram of an air conditioner 1 for an electric vehicle. FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of components constituting the air conditioner 1. In FIG. 2, a part of the configuration of the air conditioner 1 is omitted for explanation.

  The air conditioner 1 includes a refrigerant cycle 2 in which the refrigerant (first refrigerant) circulates, a low water temperature cycle 3 in which the first cooling water circulates, a high water temperature cycle 4 in which the second cooling water (second refrigerant) circulates, The first radiator shutter 6 a, the second radiator shutter 6 b, and the controller 5 are included. The first cooling water and the second cooling water are composed of, for example, an antifreeze liquid.

  The refrigerant cycle 2 includes a compressor 10, a condenser 11, an evaporator 12, a refrigerant-water heat exchanger 13, a first electromagnetic valve 14, a first expansion valve 15, a second electromagnetic valve 16, and a second expansion. And a valve 17. The flow path in the refrigerant cycle 2 is indicated by a broken line in FIG.

  The compressor 10 pressurizes the refrigerant into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The compressor 10 is driven by power supplied from a battery 20 described later. When the vehicle is viewed from the front, the compressor 10 is arranged so that at least a part thereof overlaps with the second radiator shutter 6b on the right drive wheel 70 side and does not overlap with the first radiator shutter 6a as shown in FIG. The FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the first radiator shutter 6a, the second radiator shutter 6b, and the compressor 10 when the vehicle is viewed from the front.

  The condenser 11 exchanges heat between the refrigerant pressurized by the compressor 10 and the second cooling water circulating in the high water temperature cycle 4 to cool the refrigerant and heat the second cooling water. Thereby, the refrigerant is liquefied. The capacitor 11 is disposed in the vicinity of the compressor 10.

  The evaporator 12 evaporates the refrigerant cooled by the condenser 11. When the refrigerant evaporates, the air outside the evaporator 12 is cooled. The refrigerant turned into gas by the evaporator 12 is pressurized again by the compressor 10. The air cooled by the evaporator 12 is used for in-vehicle air conditioning during cooling (dehumidification).

  The first expansion valve 15 is a temperature-type expansion valve that depressurizes the refrigerant, has a temperature-sensitive cylinder portion (not shown) on the outlet side of the evaporator 12, and superheat (refrigerant superheat degree) on the outlet side of the evaporator 12. The opening is adjusted according to the angle, and the refrigerant is injected into the evaporator 12 according to the opening. The first expansion valve 15 may be configured with an electromagnetic control valve or a capillary tube.

  The first electromagnetic valve 14 opens and closes based on a signal from the controller 5.

  The refrigerant-water heat exchanger 13 evaporates the refrigerant cooled by the condenser 11 by the heat of the first cooling water. The first cooling water flows through the refrigerant-water heat exchanger 13, and the first cooling water is cooled when the refrigerant evaporates. The refrigerant turned into gas by the refrigerant-water heat exchanger 13 is pressurized again by the compressor 10. The refrigerant-water heat exchanger 13 is disposed in the vicinity of the compressor 10.

  The second expansion valve 17 is a temperature type expansion valve that depressurizes the refrigerant. The second expansion valve 17 has a temperature sensing cylinder (not shown) on the outlet side of the refrigerant-water heat exchanger 13. The opening degree is adjusted according to the superheat on the outlet side, and the refrigerant is injected into the refrigerant-water heat exchanger 13 according to the opening degree. In addition, you may comprise the 2nd expansion valve 17 with an electromagnetic control valve or a capillary tube.

  The second electromagnetic valve 16 opens and closes based on a signal from the controller 5.

  The second electromagnetic valve 16, the second expansion valve 17, and the refrigerant-water heat exchanger 13 are arranged in parallel to the first electromagnetic valve 14, the first expansion valve 15, and the evaporator 12.

  The low water temperature cycle 3 includes a battery 20, a refrigerant-water heat exchanger 13, and a first water pump 21. The low water temperature cycle 3 is disposed on the right drive wheel 70 side. A flow path in the low water temperature cycle 3 is indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. The low water temperature cycle 3 is disposed at a position where the traveling wind does not directly hit when the first radiator shutter 6a is opened. For this reason, heat radiation can be relatively suppressed even when the first radiator shutter 6a is opened. In addition, you may suppress the thermal radiation in the low water temperature cycle 3 etc. at the time of driving | running | working wind by covering the battery 20, the piping of the low water temperature cycle 3, etc. with a heat insulating material.

  The first water pump 21 circulates the first cooling water in the order of the battery 20 and the refrigerant-water heat exchanger 13. The discharge amount of the first water pump 21 is determined based on a signal from the controller 5. The first water pump 21 may be capable of switching the flow rate by a plurality of stages, and the flow rate of the first cooling water may be increased as the number of stages is increased.

  The battery 20 is a secondary battery that supplies electric power to the motor 38 and the like of the electric vehicle, and generates heat when charging and discharging. The battery 20 is cooled by the first cooling water circulated by the first water pump 21.

  The first cooling water whose temperature has been increased by cooling the battery 20 flows through the refrigerant-water heat exchanger 13 and is absorbed by the refrigerant-water heat exchanger 13 when the refrigerant evaporates, and the temperature decreases. .

  The high water temperature cycle 4 includes a first cycle 7, a second cycle 8, a connection passage 32, and a three-way valve 30. The first cycle 7 and the second cycle 8 are connected by the connection passage 32, and the first cycle 7 and the second cycle 8 are communicated or blocked by switching the three-way valve 30. The flow path in the high water temperature cycle 4 is indicated by a solid line in FIG.

  The first cycle 7 includes a capacitor 11, a main heater 33, a heater core 34, a second water pump 35, and a first flow path 36.

  The first flow path 36 is formed so that the second cooling water flows in the order of the second water pump 35, the condenser 11, the main heater 33, and the heater core 34.

  The main heater 33 generates heat by the electric power supplied from the battery 20 and warms the second cooling water. When the vehicle is viewed from the front, the main heater 33 is disposed so as to overlap at least partly with the second radiator shutter 6b on the left driving wheel 71 side and not with the first radiator shutter 6a as shown in FIG. Is done.

  The heater core 34 exchanges heat with the refrigerant by the condenser 11, and then exchanges heat between the second cooling water heated by the main heater 33 and having a high temperature and the air around the heater core 34. Warm up. The air heated by the heater core 34 is used for in-vehicle air conditioning during heating operation. When heating is OFF, the air mix door 42 prevents the air from hitting the heater core 34 and prevents the air from being warmed. A bypass passage may be provided so as to bypass the heater core 34.

  The second water pump 35 is driven by electric power supplied from the battery 20. The second water pump 35 circulates the second cooling water in the order of the condenser 11, the main heater 33, and the heater core 34 when the first cycle 7 and the second cycle 8 are blocked by the three-way valve 30. . In addition, when the first cycle 7 and the second cycle 8 are communicated by the three-way valve 30, the second water pump 35 causes the second cooling water to flow into the radiator 37 and cools the second cooling water.

  The second cycle 8 includes a radiator 37, a motor 38, an inverter 39, a third water pump 40, and a second flow path 41.

  The second flow path 41 is formed so that the second cooling water flows in the order of the third water pump 40, the inverter 39, the motor 38, and the radiator 37.

  The radiator 37 exchanges heat between the air (running wind) flowing outside and the second cooling water to cool the second cooling water.

  The inverter 39 mutually converts DC power and AC power, and controls the power supplied from the battery 20 to the motor 38 or the power supplied from the motor 38 to the battery 20. The inverter 39 is cooled by the second cooling water.

  The motor 38 is a three-phase AC motor, and functions as an electric motor by the electric power supplied from the battery 20, and functions as a generator when the vehicle is decelerated. The motor 38 is cooled by the second cooling water.

  The third water pump 40 is driven by electric power supplied from the battery 20. When the first cycle 7 and the second cycle 8 are blocked by the three-way valve 30, the third water pump 40 circulates the second cooling water in the order of the inverter 39, the motor 38, and the radiator 37. The third water pump 40 causes the second cooling water to flow into the heater core 34 when the three-way valve 30 communicates the first cycle 7 and the second cycle 8.

  The first radiator shutter 6a is provided in front of the radiator 37, and is provided so as to be able to close the ventilation opening 60a of the front grill 60 as shown in FIG. When the first radiator shutter 6a is opened, the traveling wind is introduced toward the radiator 37 provided in the motor room, and when the first radiator shutter 6a is closed, the traveling wind is blocked. The first radiator shutter 6a opens and closes based on a signal from the controller 5 (a cooling request for the radiator 37).

  The second radiator shutter 6b is provided in front of the radiator 37, and is provided so as to be able to close the ventilation opening 61a of the front bumper 61 as shown in FIG. When the second radiator shutter 6 b is opened, the traveling wind is introduced toward the radiator 37, and the traveling wind is introduced around the compressor 10, the condenser 11 and the main heater 33 provided in the motor room. On the other hand, when the second radiator shutter 6b is closed, the traveling wind is blocked, and the introduction of the traveling wind around the compressor 10, the condenser 11, and the main heater 33 is suppressed. The second radiator shutter 6 b opens and closes based on a signal from the controller 5. The first radiator shutter 6a and the second radiator shutter 6b can be opened and closed independently.

  The first radiator shutter 6a and the second radiator shutter 6b may be a fin type or a roll type. Although not particularly illustrated, the size and arrangement of the first radiator shutter 6a are such that the ventilation opening 60a overlaps most of the radiator 37 when viewed from the front of the vehicle, and the ventilation opening 61a completely overlaps the radiator 37. In addition, the second radiator shutter 6b and the compressor 10 may be arranged so that the ventilation opening 61a overlaps with the compressor 10. By doing in this way, the heat dissipation of the radiator 37 can be improved.

  Further, when the second radiator shutter 6b is opened, the second radiator shutter 6b is connected to at least one of the second cooling water flow path (including the main heater 33) from the condenser 11 to the heater core 34, the compressor 10 or the condenser 11. It is only necessary to be able to introduce a traveling wind.

  The controller 5 includes a main storage device such as a CPU and a RAM, and a computer-readable storage medium storing a program. Each function of the controller 5 is exhibited by the CPU reading and executing the program stored in the storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium is a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a semiconductor memory, or the like.

  The controller 5 includes a first radiator shutter 6a based on a signal from the temperature sensor 50 for detecting the outside air temperature, a signal from the water temperature sensor 51 for detecting the temperature of the second cooling water flowing into the radiator 37, and the like. The second radiator shutter 6b is opened and closed. The controller 5 opens and closes the second electromagnetic valve 16 and the like based on a signal from an A / C switch (not shown). Furthermore, the controller 5 performs various controls such as switching the flow path in the three-way valve 30 based on signals from other sensors.

  During the heating operation, the air conditioner 1 transmits the heat generated in the battery 20 in the order of the refrigerant-water heat exchanger 13 and the condenser 11 via the first cooling water and the refrigerant, and the condenser 11 supplies the second cooling water. The air can be warmed by the heater core 34 by the warmed second cooling water. However, when the traveling wind is introduced into the motor room during the heating operation, the traveling wind is introduced by the traveling wind around the compressor 10 and the main heater 33, the refrigerant and the second cooling water are cooled, and the heat loss is large. And heating efficiency is reduced.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, opening / closing control of the first radiator shutter 6a and the second radiator shutter 6b described below is performed.

  Next, opening / closing control of the first radiator shutter 6a and the second radiator shutter 6b will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  In step S100, the controller 5 compares the temperature of the second cooling water with the first predetermined temperature. The water temperature of the second cooling water is detected based on a signal from a water temperature sensor 51 provided in the second flow path 41 immediately upstream of the radiator 37. The first predetermined temperature is a preset temperature, and is a temperature at which it can be determined that the temperature of the second cooling water is high and the radiator 37 needs to cool (heat radiate) the second cooling water. The process proceeds to step S101 when the temperature of the second cooling water is equal to or higher than the first predetermined temperature, and proceeds to step S104 when the temperature of the second cooling water is lower than the first predetermined temperature.

  In step S101, the controller 5 compares the outside air temperature with the target blowing temperature. The process proceeds to step S102 when the target blowing temperature is equal to or higher than the outside air temperature, and proceeds to step S103 when the target blowing temperature is lower than the outside air temperature.

  In step S102, the controller 5 opens the first radiator shutter 6a and closes the second radiator shutter 6b. When heating operation or dehumidifying heating is performed and the temperature of the second cooling water is high, the second cooling water is introduced by opening the first radiator shutter 6a to introduce the traveling wind toward the radiator 37. And the second radiator shutter 6b are closed to suppress the introduction of traveling air around the compressor 10 and the main heater 33, and to suppress the cooling of the refrigerant and the second cooling water. To do.

  In step S103, the controller 5 opens the first radiator shutter 6a and the second radiator shutter 6b. When the cooling operation is being performed and the temperature of the second cooling water is high, the first radiator shutter 6a and the second radiator shutter 6b are opened, so that the second cooling water, the compressor 10 and the like can be driven. Cool by.

  In step S104, the controller 5 compares the temperature of the second cooling water with a second predetermined temperature. The second predetermined temperature is a preset temperature, which is lower than the first predetermined temperature and is a temperature at which it can be determined that the temperature of the second cooling water is sufficiently low. The process proceeds to step S105 when the temperature of the second cooling water is equal to or lower than the second predetermined temperature, and ends when the temperature of the second cooling water is higher than the second predetermined temperature.

  In step S105, the controller 5 closes the first radiator shutter 6a and the second radiator shutter 6b. When the temperature of the second cooling water is not high, by closing the first radiator shutter 6a and the second radiator shutter 6b, the traveling wind is blocked and the traveling wind is prevented from being introduced into the motor room, Travel resistance can be reduced and the power consumption of the battery 20 can be suppressed.

  The effect of 1st Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated.

  A first radiator shutter 6a and a second radiator shutter 6b are provided, and the opening and closing of the radiator shutters 6a and 6b are independently controlled. During the heating operation, the first radiator shutter 6a is opened and the second radiator shutter 6b is closed to suppress the traveling wind introduced around the compressor 10, the main heater 33, etc., and the temperature of the refrigerant and the second cooling water Can be suppressed, and heating efficiency can be improved.

  By disposing the first radiator shutter 6a and the compressor 10 so as not to overlap when the vehicle is viewed from the front, even when the first radiator shutter 6a is open during heating operation, the first radiator shutter 6a It can suppress that the driving | running | working wind introduced is introduce | transduced into the circumference | surroundings of the compressor 10 and the main heater 33, suppresses that the temperature of a refrigerant | coolant and 2nd cooling water falls, and can improve heating efficiency. Further, when the vehicle is viewed from the front, the first radiator shutter 6a is configured such that a part of the flow path of the second cooling water from the condenser 11 to the heater core 34 (including the main heater 33), the compressor 10 and the condenser 11 all. Heating efficiency can be further improved by arranging so as not to overlap.

  The second radiator shutter 6b is disposed so as to overlap the compressor 10 when the vehicle is viewed from the front. Thereby, by closing the second radiator shutter 6b during the heating operation, it is possible to suppress the introduction of traveling air around the compressor 10, to suppress the temperature of the refrigerant from decreasing, and to improve the heating efficiency. it can. Further, during cooling operation, the second radiator is opened to introduce running air around the compressor 10 to promote heat dissipation of the compressor 10 and the refrigerant pressurized by the compressor 10 and improve the air cooling performance by the evaporator 12. It is possible to improve the cooling efficiency. Further, when the vehicle is viewed from the front, the second radiator shutter 6 b overlaps a part of the flow path of the second cooling water from the condenser 11 to the heater core 34 (including the main heater 33) or the condenser 11. As described above, it is possible to promote the heat dissipation of the refrigerant during the cooling operation while improving the heating efficiency during the heating as described above.

  By arranging the main heater 33 and the first radiator shutter 6a so as not to overlap when the vehicle is viewed from the front, the second cooling water heated by the main heater 33 is suppressed from being cooled, and the heating efficiency Can be improved.

  When the vehicle is viewed from the front, the main heater 33 and the second radiator shutter 6b are arranged so as to overlap each other. Accordingly, by closing the second radiator shutter 6b during the heating operation, the introduction of traveling wind around the main heater 33 is suppressed, and the temperature of the second cooling water heated by the main heater 33 is lowered. Can be suppressed and the heating efficiency can be improved.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of components in the air conditioner 1.

  In the present embodiment, the air conditioner 1 opens and closes the second radiator shutter 6c on the right drive wheel 70 side and the second radiator shutter 6d on the left drive wheel 71 side independently. The main heater 33 is disposed on the right drive wheel 70 side. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

  With such a configuration, for example, when the heating operation or the dehumidifying heating is performed, and the temperature of the motor 38 is high and the temperature of the second cooling water is high, the second radiator shutter on the right drive wheel 70 side. Only 6c is closed, the second radiator shutter 6d on the left drive wheel 71 side is opened, and the flow rate of the traveling wind introduced toward the radiator 37 is increased. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the introduction of traveling wind around the compressor 10 and further reduce the temperature of the second cooling water.

  The embodiment of the present invention has been described above. However, the above embodiment only shows a part of application examples of the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention is limited to the specific configuration of the above embodiment. Absent.

1 Air conditioner 2 Refrigerant cycle (refrigeration cycle)
5 Controller 6a First radiator shutter (first shutter part)
6b 2nd radiator shutter (2nd shutter part)
6c 2nd radiator shutter 6d 2nd radiator shutter 7 1st cycle (air-conditioning cycle)
10 Compressor
11 Condenser
13 Refrigerant-water heat exchanger (evaporator)
17 First expansion valve (expansion valve)
33 Main heater (heater part)
34 Heater core 37 Radiator (cooling part)

Claims (6)

A compressor for compressing the first refrigerant; a condenser for condensing the first refrigerant compressed by the compressor; an evaporator for evaporating the first refrigerant condensed by the condenser; and an inlet to the evaporator A refrigeration cycle having an expansion valve for depressurizing the first refrigerant
An air conditioning cycle having a heater core that heats air during heating operation by the second refrigerant that has exchanged heat with the first refrigerant by the condenser;
A cooling unit for cooling the second refrigerant by outside air;
A first shutter unit that adjusts introduction of the outside air into the cooling unit in response to a cooling request of the cooling unit;
Opening and closing can be performed independently of the first shutter portion, and the introduction of outside air toward at least one of the flow path of the second refrigerant from the condenser to the heater core, the compressor, or the condenser. A second shutter unit to be adjusted,
The vehicle air conditioner characterized in that the second shutter portion blocks the outside air during the heating operation. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1,
During the cooling operation, the first shutter unit and the second shutter unit introduce the outside air. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2,
The vehicle air conditioner, wherein the first shutter unit is disposed so as not to overlap the compressor when viewed from the front of the vehicle. The vehicle air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The vehicle air conditioner, wherein the second shutter portion is disposed so as to at least partially overlap the compressor when viewed from the front of the vehicle. The vehicle air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The air conditioning cycle includes a heater unit that heats the second refrigerant,
The first air shutter unit is arranged so as not to overlap the heater unit when viewed from the front of the vehicle. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 5,
The vehicle air conditioner, wherein the second shutter portion is disposed so as to at least partially overlap the heater portion when viewed from the front of the vehicle.

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