JP2014507511A - Derivation and conversion of natural oils with chemical composition for hydroprocessing into transportation fuels - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods, apparatus and / or feedstocks suitable for use in biofuel production, and biofuel compositions. A method for producing biofuels comprises hydroprocessing glycerides derived from oil-bearing microorganisms and consisting of at least 10% by weight fatty acid chains with a length of C16 or less, and a cold flow pour point of about 20 ° C. or less. Production of biofuels.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to methods, apparatus and / or feedstocks suitable for use in biofuel production, and biofuel compositions resulting from biofuel production.

Discussion of Related Art Natural oils derived from oil accumulating organisms have been used as food, in health and nutrition, as lubricants, and also as fuel. Natural oils are refined seed crops (eg, soybeans, rapeseed, jatropha), animal processing by-products (eg, lard and tallow), photosynthetic microorganisms (eg, algae, microalgae, cyanobacteria), and heterotrophic It has many sources, such as from microorganisms (eg, yeast, fungi, molds). A wide range of sources naturally provides a wide range of product compositions and properties including, for example, fatty acid saturation levels, chain lengths and impurities. These numerous natural oil sources can be further expanded by the application of genetic engineering to improve product properties.

  For fuel applications, an important derivative of natural oils is by transesterification of glycerides. As a result of their widespread use as food, natural oil seeds and their compositions have become industry standards. For example, the composition profile of rapeseed oil is recognized as an acceptable standard for biological FAME (fatty acid methyl ester). The fatty acid profile of rapeseed oil is that it is rich in 18 carbon fatty acids, especially unsaturated acids. The table below shows the breakdown of fatty acids as x: y, where x is the number of carbons and y is the number of unsaturated bonds in the carbon chain.

  Unfortunately, biodiesel fuels made from oils of these compositions have certain drawbacks as diesel fuels. As shown in the table below, the pour point of rapeseed biodiesel is relatively high (−7 to −4 ° C.), and unsaturated bonds undergo oxidative degradation and limit shelf life. The density of rapeseed biodiesel is relatively high, and cetane is consistent with finished petroleum diesel, limiting its ability to expand diesel supply by blending lower quality heavy materials (eg aromatics) doing.

Rapeseed oil can also be hydrotreated, whereby glycerides are converted to paraffins, such as by:
Catalytic reduction with hydrogen (ie C18 fatty acids become nC18 paraffins + water and glycerol becomes propane + water)
Catalytic or thermal decarboxylation (ie C18 fatty acids become nC17 hydrocarbon + CO ₂ and then react further to nC17 paraffins, methane and CO).

  During hydrotreatment, typically about half of the fatty acids in rapeseed oil react by hydrogenation and the other half react by decarboxylation. In both cases, this process produces linear paraffins with excellent cetane (ie,> 80) but poor cold flow properties. Furthermore, long chain lengths (such as C18) require further processing (such as isomerization and / or cracking) to improve the cold flow properties of the product.

  Fuels with improved cold flow properties, such as renewable diesel in Table 2 below, when further processing, particularly isomerization, is performed on hydrotreated long chain paraffin products to improve cold flow properties Is brought about. However, the yield loss resulting from such further processing should be considered.

  Thus, there is a need and desire for alternative glyceride compositions that provide improved hydroprocessing feedstocks and final diesel fuel products.

SUMMARY The present invention relates to methods, apparatus and / or feedstocks suitable for use in biofuel production, and biofuel compositions resulting from biofuel production. The resulting biofuel has improved cold flow characteristics. Furthermore, the method of the present invention is efficient without requiring further processing such as isomerization.

  According to some embodiments, the present invention relates to a feedstock suitable for biofuel production. The feedstock is derived from oil-bearing (oil-accumulating) microorganisms having a C16 or less length of at least about 10% by weight fatty acid chains and an iodine number of about 100 grams or less of consumed iodine per 100 grams of feedstock sample. Contains glycerides.

  According to some embodiments, the biofuel produced by the methods, apparatus, and / or feedstock described herein has a cold-flow pour point of about 20 ° C. or less.

According to some embodiments, the resulting biofuel has a density of less than about 940 kg / m ³ at 15 ° C.
According to some embodiments, the resulting biofuel has a cetane number of at least about 50.

According to some embodiments, the resulting biofuel has an isomerization rate of less than 2.
According to some embodiments, the resulting biofuel comprises a fuel made by a hydroprocessing process.

  According to some embodiments, the resulting biofuel comprises a blend of diesel, jet fuel, and / or any combination of diesel, jet fuel, other biofuels or petroleum. The obtained biofuel may be either a fuel or a fuel additive.

  According to some embodiments, the oleaginous microorganism from which the glyceride is derived includes algae, fungi, bacteria and / or cyanobacteria. More specifically, in one embodiment, the oil-containing microorganisms include Saccharomyces unisporus, Saccharomyces dairensis, Aspergillus nidulans, Sprilulina maxima, Entomorphtoria coronata, Entomorphtoria obscura, Cyclotella cryptica, Navicula muralis, Phaeodactylum triconutum, ira pseudothal Or a combination thereof.

  According to some embodiments, the glyceride comprises at least about 10% by weight fatty acid chains that are C14 or less in length. In some embodiments, the glyceride comprises at least about 10% by weight fatty acid chains that are C12 or less in length.

  According to some embodiments, the glyceride does not undergo isomerization, hydroisomerization, catalytic isomerization, or at least a significant amount of glyceride does not undergo any type of isomerization.

  According to some aspects, the present invention relates to a method of producing a biofuel. The method comprises hydroprocessing a glyceride derived from an oleaginous microorganism and composed of at least 10% by weight fatty acid chains of length C16 or less. The method produces a biofuel having a cold flow pour point of about 20 ° C. or less.

  According to some embodiments, the method does not subject the glyceride to isomerization, hydroisomerization, catalytic isomerization, or at least a significant amount of glyceride does not undergo any type of isomerization. To be implemented.

According to some embodiments, the method further comprises blending an amount of biofuel with the fossil derived fuel.
According to some embodiments, the invention relates to a biorefinery for producing a feedstock suitable for biofuel production. The biorefinery includes a hydroprocessing unit for hydroprocessing glycerides derived from oil-bearing microorganisms and composed of at least 10% by weight fatty acid chains having a length of C16 or less. The biorefinery does not include any units designed to perform isomerization or hydroisomerization or catalytic isomerization.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention in detail and together with the description serve to explain the features, advantages and principles of the invention. In the drawing:

The figure schematically illustrates an apparatus within a biorefinery according to some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention relates to methods, apparatus and / or feedstocks suitable for use in biofuel production, and biofuel compositions resulting from biofuel production. According to some embodiments, a natural oil composition can be produced that allows for the renewable production of diesel molecules with improved cold flow properties. According to some embodiments, alternative glyceride compositions are used to provide improved hydroprocessing feedstocks and final biofuel products. More particularly, by careful selection of source organisms and / or genetic engineering, glyceride chain length and saturation levels as described herein can result in high yield hydroprocessing and production of good quality diesel fuel. it can. Furthermore, the method of the present invention is efficient without requiring further processing such as isomerization.

  According to some embodiments, the present invention includes a regeneratively derived feedstock suitable for biofuel production. The feedstock may contain glycerides derived from oil-containing microorganisms. For example, the oil-bearing microorganism may include algae, fungi, bacteria, cyanobacteria, or any combination of these microorganisms. More specifically, the oil-containing microorganism may be Saccharomyces unisporus, Saccharomyces dairensis, Aspergillus nidulans, Sprilulina maxima, Entomorphtoria coronata, Entomorphtoria obscura, Cyclotella cryptica, Navicula muralis, Phaeodactylum triconutum, or any combination of these microorganisms, Thalassiosira pseudoanalys.

  According to some embodiments, the oleaginous microorganism is genetically modified. More particularly, in certain embodiments, the microorganism may comprise a genetically modified Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

  The glycerides may comprise at least about 10% by weight fatty acid chains that are C16 or less in length. In some embodiments, the glyceride may comprise at least about 10% by weight fatty acid chains that are C14 or less in length. In some embodiments, the glyceride may comprise at least about 10% by weight fatty acid chains that are C12 or less in length. In contrast to glycerides with long chain lengths such as C18, shorter chain length glycerides herein may be isomerized or hydroisomerized to improve the cold flow properties of the resulting biofuel product. It can be hydrotreated without the need for further processing such as hydrogenation.

  According to another aspect, the amount of fatty acid chains of a specific sub-length such as C16 or less is about 10 percent to about 95 percent, about 20 percent to about 80 percent, at least about 20 percent, at least about about It may be 30 percent, at least about 40 percent, etc.

  For example, the table below shows examples of heterotrophic and photosynthetic microorganisms that have significantly different lipid profiles compared to rapeseed oil.

Tables 3A and 3B are reprinted from Fats and Oils Handbook; Michael Bockisch; 1998; AOCS Press.
By extension to the table above, metabolic pathways and corresponding genes associated with lipid formation are well characterized. Modification of the activity of core lipid synthesis genes (elongases, desaturases, synthases, reductases, dehydratases, carboxylases, etc.) can lead to further tuning of the lipid profile towards the desired optimal conditions.

According to some embodiments, the feedstock may have a density of less than about 940 kg / m ³ at 15 ° C. In some embodiments, the feedstock may have a density from about 830 kg / m ³ to about 930 kg / m ³ , or from about 840 kg / m ³ to about 920 kg / m ³ at 15 ° C. Since fuel is sold by volume rather than density, the relatively low density of the feedstock increases the production efficiency of the resulting biofuel.

  The iodine value indicates the total degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid. Unsaturated bonds undergo oxidative degradation, which limits the shelf life of the resulting product. According to some embodiments, the feedstock has an iodine value of consumed iodine of about 100 grams or less, or about 0 to about 50 grams, or about 0 to about 25 grams per 100 grams sample. The table below gives iodine value estimates for the same organisms listed in the previous table. The iodine number estimate is based on the correlation with monounsaturated, diunsaturated and triunsaturated content and the iodine number of known compositions.

Higher saturation levels, such as in the case of the predominantly saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids shown in the table above, are the fouling potential, as well as the hydrogen consumed by catalytic reduction to paraffins and Minimize the amount of heat released. The table below shows the reaction yields and thermal effects of model lipids undergoing a typical 50% hydrogenation and 50% decarboxylation reaction pathway (with 100% conversion and 50% subsequent CO ₂ methanation). Show.

Relatively high levels of shorter chain fatty acids (eg, ≦ C12, C14, C16) improve product quality (eg, cold flow properties) and reduce fever at the expense of a small amount of additional H ₂ consumption. .

  According to some embodiments, the resulting biofuel may have a pour point of about 20 ° C. or less, or about 15 ° C. or less, or about 10 ° C. or less. According to some embodiments, the resulting biofuel may have a cetane number of at least about 50, or at least about 60, or at least about 70. According to some embodiments, the isomerization rate of the resulting biofuel may be less than about 2, or from about 1 to about 2, or from about 0 to about 1. Renewable diesel has an iso / normal ratio of approximately 0 prior to hydroisomerization. For reference, an iso / normal ratio close to 2 can reduce the cloud point from approximately 20 ° C. to approximately 0 ° C.

The resulting biofuel can include diesel, jet fuel, or blends with other biofuels and / or petroleum.
According to some embodiments, the resulting biofuel is blended with an amount of fossil derived fuel. In some embodiments, the resulting blend comprises less than 5% biofuel. In some embodiments, the resulting blend comprises 5% to 10% biofuel. In some embodiments, the resulting blend comprises 10% to 20% biofuel. According to another aspect, the resulting blend comprises greater than 20% biofuel.

  According to some aspects, the present invention includes a method of producing a biofuel. The method includes hydroprocessing glycerides from oil-bearing microorganisms. For example, oil-bearing microorganisms include Saccharomyces unisporus, Saccharomyces dairensis, Aspergillus nidulans, Sprilulina maxima, Entomorphtoria coronata, Entomorphtoria obscura, Cyclotella cryptica, Navicula muralis, Phaeodactylum triconutum, modified thaleviosira pseudoncer gene, Or any combination of these microorganisms. The method can be carried out without the glycerides undergoing isomerization, hydroisomerization, catalytic isomerization, or at least without significant amounts of glycerides undergoing any type of isomerization. As referred to herein, the term “significant amount” means that about 5% or more of the glycerides are isomerized.

  The glycerides comprise at least 10% by weight fatty acid chains with a length of C16 or less. In some embodiments, the glyceride may comprise at least about 10% by weight fatty acid chains that are C14 or less in length. In some embodiments, the glyceride may comprise at least about 10% by weight fatty acid chains that are C12 or less in length.

  The following table shows that C12-C14 chain lengths eliminate the need for subsequent isomerization processing. Isomerization requires additional hot hydrogen supply unit operation and can lead to> 10% yield loss to gasoline and low value fuel gas due to undesirable cracking reactions. This yield loss is particularly noticeable because the vegetable oil hydroprocessing economy is dominated by feed costs. Finally, since isomerization is not necessary for cold flow properties, hydrotreated products contain linear paraffins with better cetane than if they were isomerized.

The method may further comprise producing a biofuel having a pour point of about 20 ° C. or less, or about 15 ° C. or less, or about 10 ° C. or less.
According to some embodiments, the isomerization rate of the resulting biofuel may be less than about 2, or from about 1 to about 2, or from about 0 to about 1.

  The method may further include blending an amount of biofuel with the fossil derived fuel. For example, the resulting biofuel may include diesel, jet fuel, or blends with other biofuels and / or petroleum.

  Blending calculations can be used to determine the pour point of a paraffin mixture produced by hydrotreating a number of natural oils. This calculation is based on a non-linear diesel blending model using pure paraffin component data.

The Pour Index (PI) is calculated from the melting point (mp) (degrees Fahrenheit) as follows.
PI = 10 ^{(0.0105 (mp + 100))}
It should be noted that the pour point is estimated to be equal to the melting point for pure paraffins. In addition, E.I. Coronata and E. Obscura was estimated to have 40% total ≦ C12 as a reasonable distribution.

  The following table shows the Blend Pour Index and Blend Pour Point for each of the feeds listed in Table 7 above.

The blend flow index (BPI) is calculated from each feed as follows.
BPI = SUMPRODUCT (PI _Cn , D _Cn ) / SUM (D _Cn )
In the formula, which is ^{_{SUMPRODUCT (PI Cn, D Cn)}} = PI C1 * D C1 + ... + PI Cn * D Cn and _{SUM (D Cn) = D C1} + ... + D Cn.

The blend pour point (BPP) (degrees Fahrenheit) is calculated as follows.
BPP = Log ₁₀ (BPI) /0.0105-100
BPP (degrees Celsius) is calculated using a standard conversion from Celsius to Fahrenheit.

F = (9/5) C + 32
Of the previous three tables, the data in Table 10 for 50% decarboxylation of the feedstock is closest to the actual findings during hydroprocessing of renewable diesel. The pour point of coconut oil is lowest because of some very short paraffin chains and only a few very long chains. E. coronate and E.I. The obscura organism is about the same and significantly better than typical soy, palm or rapeseed products.

  The figure schematically shows a device 10 in a biorefinery according to one embodiment. The apparatus 10 includes a hydroprocessing unit 12 with a feedstock 14 and a biofuel product 16 that are regeneratively derived. The hydroprocessing unit 12 is designed for hydroprocessing glycerides derived from oil-containing microorganisms. The glycerides may be composed of at least 10% by weight fatty acid chains with a length of C16 or less. Because of the relatively short chain length of these glycerides, the biorefinery need not include any units for performing isomerization, or hydroisomerization, or catalytic isomerization, or significant amounts of isomerization.

  Lipid means oils, fats, waxes, greases, cholesterol, glycerides, steroids, sterols, isoprenoids, phosphatides, cerebrosides, fatty acids, fatty acid related compounds, derived compounds, other oily substances and the like. Lipids can be made in living cells, but can have a relatively high carbon content and a relatively high hydrogen content with a relatively low oxygen content. Lipids typically include a relatively high energy content, such as on a mass or volume basis.

  Biological oil means lipid materials and / or substances derived at least in part from living organisms such as animals, plants, fungi, yeasts, algae, microalgae, bacteria, including pyrolytic oils. Biological oils include lipids, triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, fatty acids, isoprenoids, sterols and sterol esters. According to some embodiments, the biological oil may be suitable for use as and / or conversion to a renewable material and / or biofuel.

  Renewable material means substances and / or items that are at least partly derived from sources and / or processes that can be replaced by natural ecological cycles and / or resources. Renewable materials are chemicals, chemical intermediates, solvents, monomers, oligomers, polymers, biofuels, biofuel intermediates, biogasoline, biogasoline blend stock, biodiesel, green diesel, renewable diesel, biodiesel blend stock , Biodistillates and the like. In some embodiments, the renewable material can be derived from living organisms such as plants, algae, bacteria, fungi and the like.

  Biofuel means components and / or streams suitable for use as a fuel and / or combustion source at least in part from a renewable source. Biofuels can be produced sustainably and / or have reduced net carbon emissions to the atmosphere and / or no net carbon emissions, such as when compared to fossil fuels. According to some aspects, the renewable source may exclude material mined or excavated, such as underground. In some embodiments, renewable resources can include unicellular organisms, multicellular organisms, plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, cultivated crops, non-cultivated crops, wood, and the like. Biofuels may be suitable for use as transportation fuel, such as for use in land vehicles, marine ships, aircraft, and the like. Biofuels may be suitable for use in power generation, such as raising steam, exchanging energy with a suitable heat medium, generating syngas, generating hydrogen, producing electricity, and the like.

  Biodiesel means a component or stream suitable for direct use and / or blending into a diesel pool and / or cetane feed from a renewable source. Suitable biodiesel molecules include fatty acid esters, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, lipids, fatty alcohols, alkanes, naphtha, distillate range materials, paraffinic materials, aromatic materials, aliphatic compounds (directly Chain, branched and / or cyclic) and the like. Biodiesel can be used in compression ignition engines such as automotive diesel internal combustion engines, truck heavy duty diesel engines and the like. In other cases, biodiesel can also be used in gas turbines, heaters, boilers, and the like. According to some embodiments, the biodiesel and / or biodiesel blend is a B1, B2 (Minnesota), B5, B7 (EU), B10, B20, B40, B60, B80, B99.9, B100, etc. Meet or comply with locally accepted fuel standards.

  Biodistillate means a component or stream suitable for direct use and / or blending into aviation fuel (jet), lubricant base, kerosene fuel, fuel oil, and the like. The biological distillate can be derived from a renewable source and has any suitable boiling range such as a boiling range such as about 100 ° C to about 700 ° C, about 150 ° C to about 350 ° C.

  Feedstock means materials and / or substances used to supply, send, provide, etc. to a living organism, machine, process, production plant, etc. The feedstock can include raw materials used for conversion, synthesis, and the like. According to some embodiments, the feedstock includes sugar, hexose, pentose, monosaccharide, disaccharide, trisaccharide, oligosaccharide, polyol (sugar alcohol), organic acid, starch, carbohydrate, cellulose, hemicellulose, biomass, etc. Any material, compound, substance, etc. suitable for consumption by living organisms can be included. According to some embodiments, the feedstock includes sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose, glycerol, mannose, arabinose, lactose, galactose, maltose, other pentoses, other hexoses, other twelve carbons Sugars, sugar-containing plant extracts, other crude sugars, and the like can be included. Feedstock can also mean one or more of the organic compounds listed above when present in the feedstock.

  According to some embodiments, the methods and / or processes may include the addition of other materials and / or substances that help and / or help the organism, such as nutrients, vitamins, minerals, metals, water, and the like. The use of other additives such as antifoaming agents, flocculants, emulsifiers, demulsifiers, viscosity increasing agents, viscosity reducing agents, surfactants, salts, other flow modifying materials is also within the scope of the present invention.

Organic compounds mean carbon-containing compounds such as carbohydrates, sugars, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, other carbon-containing substances.
According to some embodiments, the feedstock can be fed into the fermentation using one or more feed channels. In some embodiments, the feedstock can be present in the medium filled in the container prior to inoculation. In some embodiments, the feedstock can be added by one or more feed streams in addition to the medium filled in the container.

  Fatty acid means a free or saturated and / or unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, such as in the form of glycerides in fats and fatty oils. The glycerides can include acylglycerides, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, triacylglycerides, lipids, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, and the like.

A double bond means two pairs of electrons shared by two atoms in the molecule.
The biological oil can be further processed into a biofuel by any suitable method such as esterification, transesterification, hydrogenation, cracking and the like. In other cases, the biological oil may be suitable for direct use as a biofuel. Esterification means making and / or forming an ester, such as by reacting an acid with an alcohol to form an ester. Transesterification means changing one ester into one or more different esters, for example by reaction of fatty acid esters and alcohols that form glycerol with triglycerides. Hydrogenation and / or hydrotreating refers to a reaction in which hydrogen is added to the molecule, such as to saturate and / or reduce the material.

The transesterification reaction may involve the use of any suitable alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and the like.
The obtained biofuels are international standards EN 14214: 2008 (automotive fuel, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) for diesel engines) and / or ASTM D6751-09 (Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels). ) Can be met and / or exceeded. The entire contents of EN 14214: 2008 and ASTM D6751-09 are both hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety as part of this specification.

  According to some aspects, the methods and / or processes can include temperature control by heating, cooling, etc. Heat can be supplied by steam, saturated stream, superheated stream, hot water, glycol, heat transfer oil, heat transfer fluid, other process streams, and the like. Cooling can be provided by cooling cooling water, refrigerant, brine, glycol, heat transfer fluid, cooling fluid, other process streams, and the like. The temperature control can use any suitable technique and / or configuration such as indirect heat exchange, direct heat exchange, convection, conduction, radiation, and the like.

  Regarding the order, number, arrangement, omission and / or repetition limit for steps in a method or process, the drafter, unless otherwise stated, for the scope of the present invention, implied order, number, arrangement, omission for those steps. And / or is not intended as a repeat limit.

  With respect to ranges, ranges are defined as upper values so as to provide support for all possible ranges included between upper and lower values, including ranges that do not have upper and / or lower limits, for example. It should be construed to include all points between the lower values.

  The criteria for operation, percentage and procedure can be based on any suitable criteria such as mass basis, volume basis, molar basis, etc. If no criteria are specified, mass criteria or other suitable criteria should be used.

  It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the disclosed structure and method without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. In particular, the description of any aspect may be freely combined with the description of other aspects to provide a combination and / or modification of two or more elements and / or restrictions. Other aspects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

Claims (24)

A feedstock suitable for biofuel production,
Glycerides derived from oleaginous microorganisms; and at least about 10% by weight fatty acid chains of a length of C16 or less;
Here, the biofuel produced by hydroprocessing the feedstock comprises a cold flow pour point of about 20 ° C. or less. Having a density of less than about 940 kg / ^{m 3} at 15 ° C., the feed of claim 1.   The feedstock according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the biofuel produced by hydroprocessing the feedstock has a cetane number of at least about 50.   The feedstock according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the feedstock has an iodine value of about 100 or less.   The feedstock according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the oil-containing microorganism comprises at least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of algae, fungi, bacteria, cyanobacteria and combinations thereof.   Oil-bearing microorganisms were modified from Saccharomyces unisporus, Saccharomyces dairensis, Aspergillus nidulans, Sprilulina maxima, Entomorphtoria coronata, Entomorphtoria obscura, Cyclotella cryptica, Navicula muralis, Phaeodactylum triconutum, modified E. thalassiosira pseudosena The feedstock according to any of claims 1 to 4, comprising at least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of combinations.   7. A feedstock according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the glycerides comprise at least about 10% by weight fatty acid chains with a length of C14 or less.   7. A feedstock according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the glycerides comprise at least about 10% by weight fatty acid chains with a length of C12 or less.   A biofuel produced by hydroprocessing a feedstock according to any of claims 1 to 8, comprising diesel.   A biofuel produced by hydroprocessing a feedstock according to any of claims 1 to 9, comprising jet fuel.   A biofuel produced by hydroprocessing a feedstock according to claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the resulting biofuel comprises a fuel made from a hydroprocessing process.   A biofuel produced by hydroprocessing a feedstock according to claim 11 wherein the glycerides are neither isomerized nor hydroisomerized.   A biofuel produced by hydroprocessing a feedstock according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the isomerization rate is less than 2. A method for producing biofuel, comprising:
Hydroprocessing a glyceride derived from an oleaginous microorganism and consisting of at least 10% by weight fatty acid chains of a length of C16 or less to produce a biofuel having a cold flow pour point of about 20 ° C. or less. .   15. The method of claim 14, wherein the glyceride is performed without isomerization, hydroisomerization, catalytic isomerization, or significant amounts of isomerization.   The process according to claim 15, wherein the isomerization rate is less than 2.   Oil-bearing organisms were modified from Saccharomyces unisporus, Saccharomyces dairensis, Aspergillus nidulans, Sprilulina maxima, Entomorphtoria coronata, Entomorphtoria obscura, Cyclotella cryptica, Navicula muralis, Phaeodactylum triconutum, modified Thalassiosira pseudosena 17. A method according to any of claims 14 to 16, comprising at least one of the group consisting of combinations.   18. A method according to any of claims 14 to 17, wherein the glycerides comprise at least about 10% by weight fatty acid chains with a length of C14 or less.   18. A method according to any of claims 14 to 17, wherein the glycerides comprise at least about 10% by weight fatty acid chains of C12 or less length.   20. A method according to any of claims 14 to 19, further comprising blending a quantity of biofuel with a fossil derived fuel.   21. A method according to any of claims 14 to 20, wherein the biofuel comprises diesel.   21. A method according to any of claims 14 to 20, wherein the biofuel comprises jet fuel.   A biofuel produced according to the method of any of claims 14-22. A biorefinery for producing feedstock suitable for biofuel production,
A hydroprocessing unit for hydroprocessing glycerides derived from oleaginous microorganisms and consisting of fatty acid chains of at least 10% by weight of C16 or less; and isomerization, hydroisomerization, or catalytic isomerization A biorefinery that does not contain units for performing significant amounts of isomerization.

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