JP2015122529A - 発光デバイスおよびその作製方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
【解決手段】レーザーデバイスは、発光デバイス構造を含む半極性III族窒化物薄膜と、電磁放射の放出のため発光デバイス構造に構成されたエッジを備え、発光デバイス構造は、基板1502の半極性表面上または上方に成長される一つ以上の半極性III族窒化物活性層1512を含み、半極性III族窒化物活性層の一つ以上の材料特性は、レーザーデバイスが250mAの駆動電流で少なくとも1.5mWの出力パワーを有するような材料特性である。
【効果】分極の影響を低減し、正孔の有効質量を低減できるので、光学利得を発生するために必要なキャリア密度を低減できる。
【選択図】図15
Description
本出願は米国特許法第119条(e)に基づいて、本発明の譲受人に譲渡された以下の同時係属の仮出願の利益を主張する。
この出願は参照として本明細書中に組み込まれる。
本発明は半導体材料、方法、およびデバイスに関わり、より具体的には発光デバイスおよびその作製方法に関係するものである。
(注意:この出願は、本明細書を通じて、括弧で囲まれる一つ以上の参照番号、たとえば[参考文献x]で示された、多くの異なる刊行物を参照する。参照番号順に並べられたこれらの文献のリストは以下の[参考文献]と書かれたセクションに示す。これらの刊行物はそれぞれ参照として本明細書中に組み込まれる。)
表1:有極性、無極性、およびいくつかの選択された半極性面と対応する結晶角の表。
本発明は半極性(Ga,Al,In,B)N薄膜、ヘテロ構造、およびデバイスの成長および作製の方法を含んで構成されている。図4のフローチャート400は、半極性(Ga,Al,In,B)N薄膜およびヘテロ構造の成長における重要な工程を要約したものである。
半極性(Ga,Al,In,B)N薄膜、ヘテロ構造、およびデバイスの成長および作製を記述する本発明は次の要素を含んでいる。
1.特定のデバイス応用に対する所望の材料特性を同定すること。
2.材料特性が最適な組み合わせである半極性方位を選択すること。
3.所望の半極性方位の成長のために適当な基板或いはテンプレートを選択すること。
4.適当な成長技術を用いて半極性薄膜、ヘテロ構造、およびデバイスを成長すること。
1.指定された方向にミスカットした{100}スピネル上の{10−11}GaN。
2.{110}スピネル上の{10−13}GaN。
3.{1−100}サファイヤ上の{11−22}GaN。
4.{1−100}サファイヤ上の{10−13}GaN。
技術に関する説明の項で記載したデバイスは発光ダイオードを含むものであった。しかしながら、本発明の技術範囲はいかなる半極性(Ga,Al,In,B)Nデバイスの成長と作製をも含むものである。したがってデバイス構造はLEDに限定されているのではない。本発明の方法を用いて成長され、作製されることが出来る他の可能性のある半極性デバイスは端面発光レーザダイオード(EEL)、垂直共振器面発光レーザダイオード(VCSEL)、共振器つきLED(RCLED)、微小共振器LED(MCLED)、高電子移動度トランジスタ(HEMT)、ヘテロ接合バイポーラトランジスタ(HBT)、ヘテロ接合電界効果トランジスタ(HFET)、および可視、紫外、および近紫外フォトデテクタを含んでいる。さらにこれらの例や他の可能性は、半極性(Ga,Al,In,B)Nデバイスの利点の全てを所有している。この可能性のあるデバイスのリストは、例示することのみを目的としており、本発明の応用に関して制限するものではない。むしろ、本発明は、半極性方向に沿って、あるいは半極性面上に成長した全ての窒化物ベースのデバイスを請求項に含むものである。
現在の技術は有極性[0001]c方向に沿って(Ga,Al,In,B)N薄膜およびヘテロ構造を成長することである。その結果である、分極が誘起する電界ともともと大きな正孔の有効質量は、現状技術の窒化物光電子デバイスの特性にとって致命的である。本発明の利点は、半極性方向に沿って(Ga,Al,In,B)N薄膜およびヘテロ構造を成長すると、分極の影響および正孔の有効質量を低減することによって、デバイス特性を劇的に改良することが出来るということである。本発明の前には、大きな面積をもつ半極性窒化物薄膜、ヘテロ構造、あるいはデバイスを成長するための手段は存在しなかった。
図20は本発明による工程図を示す。
ボックス2000は半極性成長方位を選択する工程を示す。
これで本発明の好ましい実施形態の説明を終える。本発明の一つ以上の実施形態を例示および説明のために示した。開示の形態そのものによって本発明を包括または限定することを意図するものではない。上記の教示に照らして、本発明の範囲を逸脱することなく多くの変更および変形が可能である。本発明の範囲は、この詳細な記載によってではなく、添付の請求項によって限定されるものである。
Claims (34)
- レーザーデバイスとして構成された発光デバイスであって、
発光デバイス構造を含む半極性III族窒化物薄膜と、
電磁放射の放出のため前記発光デバイス構造に構成されたエッジを備え、
前記発光デバイス構造は、基板の半極性表面上または上方に成長される一つ以上の半極性III族窒化物活性層を含み、
該半極性III族窒化物活性層の一つ以上の材料特性は、前記デバイスが250mAの駆動電流で少なくとも1.5mWの出力パワーを有するような材料特性であることを特徴とするデバイス。 - 前記半極性III族窒化物薄膜がガリウム材料および窒素材料を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層は、自立窒化ガリウム(GaN)基板を備える前記基板の前記半極性表面上または上方に成長され、該半極性表面は{20−21}面に向いている、またはそこからオフカットされていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記デバイス構造が緑色発光半極性ダイオードを備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載デバイス。
- 前記基板が異種材料上に成長されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層がヘテロ構造を形成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層が、少なくとも33A/cm 2 〜少なくとも222A/cm 2 の間で増加する駆動電流で、同様の波長領域および同様の駆動電流密度の範囲で動作する有極性III族窒化物活性層と比較して、青色発光ピークでブルーシフトの少ない光を発光することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層は、同様の波長領域および同様の駆動電流密度の範囲で動作する有極性III族窒化物活性層と比較して、増加する駆動電流で外部量子効率(EQE)の減少が少ない光を発光することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層は、同様の波長領域と同様の駆動電流密度の範囲で動作する有極性III族窒化物活性層と比較して、分極効果および正孔の有効質量が少ないことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記デバイス構造が青色発光半極性ダイオードを備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層の上面は平坦かつ半極性であり、前記基板の主表面に対してほぼ平行であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記基板は窒化ガリウム基板または厚さが少なくとも10μmの窒化ガリウムテンプレートを備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- レーザーデバイスを作製する方法であって、
発光レーザーデバイス構造を含む半極性III族窒化物薄膜を成長する工程と、
電磁放射の放出のため前記発光デバイス構造にエッジを形成する工程を備え、
前記発光レーザーデバイス構造は窒化物基板の半極性表面上または上方に成長される一つ以上の半極性III族窒化物活性層を含み、該半極性III族窒化物活性層は前記デバイスが250mAの駆動電流で少なくとも1.5mWの出力パワーを有するような一つ以上の材料特性を有することを特徴とする方法。 - 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層は、{20−21}面方位またはそこからのオフカットを有する自立窒化ガリウム(GaN)基板を備える前記窒化物基板の前記半極性表面上または上方に成長されることを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記発光デバイス構造は緑色発光半極性ダイオードを備えることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記窒化物基板はMOCVD法を用いて異種材料上に成長されることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層がヘテロ構造を形成することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層が、少なくとも33A/cm 2 〜少なくとも222A/cm 2 の間で増加する駆動電流で、同様の波長領域および同様の駆動電流密度の範囲で動作する有極性III族窒化物活性層と比較して、青色発光ピークでブルーシフトの少ない光を発光することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層は、同様の波長領域および同様の駆動電流密度の範囲で動作する有極性III族窒化物活性層と比較して、増加する駆動電流で外部量子効率(EQE)の減少が少ない光を発光することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層は、同様の波長領域と同様の駆動電流密度の範囲で動作する有極性III族窒化物活性層と比較して、分極効果および正孔の有効質量が少ないことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記発光デバイス構造が青色発光半極性ダイオードを備えることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層の上面は平坦かつ半極性で、窒化物テンプレート層を備える前記窒化物基板の前記半極性表面に対してほぼ平行であり、
前記上面の面積が少なくとも300μm×300μmであることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。 - 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層は、窒化ガリウム(GaN)または厚さが少なくとも10μmのGaNテンプレートを備える前記基板の前記半極性表面上または上方に成長されることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- レーザーデバイスとして構成された発光デバイスであって、
発光デバイス構造を含む半極性III族窒化物薄膜と、
電磁放射の放出のため発光デバイス構造に構成されたエッジを備え、
前記発光デバイス構造は窒化ガリウム基板またはテンプレートの半極性表面上または上方に成長される一つ以上の半極性III族窒化物活性層を含み、
前記半極性III族窒化物活性層は少なくとも33A/cm 2 〜少なくとも222A/cm 2 の間で増加する駆動電流で、同様の波長領域および同様の駆動電流密度の範囲で動作する有極性III族窒化物活性層と比較して、青色発光ピークでブルーシフトの少ない光を発光することを特徴とするデバイス。 - 前記半極性III族窒化物薄膜がガリウム材料および窒素材料を備えることを特徴とする請求項24に記載のデバイス。
- 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層は、自立窒化ガリウム(GaN)基板を備える前記基板の半極性表面上または上方に成長され、該半極性表面は{20−21}面に向いている、またはそこからオフカットされていることを特徴とする請求項24に記載のデバイス。
- 前記デバイス構造が緑色発光半極性ダイオードを備えることを特徴とする請求項24に記載デバイス。
- 前記基板が異種材料上に成長されることを特徴とする請求項24に記載のデバイス。
- 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層がヘテロ構造を形成することを特徴とする請求項24に記載のデバイス。
- 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層は、同様の波長領域および同様の駆動電流密度の範囲で動作する有極性III族窒化物活性層と比較して、増加する駆動電流で外部量子効率(EQE)の減少が少ない光を発光することを特徴とする請求項24に記載のデバイス。
- 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層は、同様の波長領域と同様の駆動電流密度の範囲で動作する有極性III族窒化物活性層と比較して、分極効果および正孔の有効質量が少ないことを特徴とする請求項24に記載のデバイス。
- 前記デバイス構造が青色発光半極性ダイオードを備えることを特徴とする請求項24に記載のデバイス。
- 前記半極性III族窒化物活性層の上面は平坦かつ半極性であり、前記基板の主表面に対してほぼ平行であることを特徴とする請求項24に記載のデバイス。
- レーザーデバイスを作製する方法であって、
発光デバイス構造を含む半極性III族窒化物薄膜を成長する工程と、
電磁放射の放出のため前記発光デバイス構造にエッジを形成する工程を備え、
前記発光デバイス構造は窒化ガリウム基板またはテンプレートの半極性表面上または上方に成長される一つ以上の半極性III族窒化物活性層を含み、
該半極性III族窒化物活性層は少なくとも33A/cm 2 〜少なくとも222A/cm 2 の間で増加する駆動電流で、同様の波長領域および同様の駆動電流密度の範囲で動作する有極性III族窒化物活性層と比較して、青色発光ピークでブルーシフトの少ない光を発光することを特徴とする方法。
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| TW200703464A (en) | 2007-01-16 |
| US20140211820A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
| TWI455181B (zh) | 2014-10-01 |
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| US20160079738A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
| US7846757B2 (en) | 2010-12-07 |
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| US20070093073A1 (en) | 2007-04-26 |
| EP1900013A2 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
| US9793435B2 (en) | 2017-10-17 |
| WO2006130696A2 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
| WO2006130696A3 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
| JP2008543089A (ja) | 2008-11-27 |
| US9231376B2 (en) | 2016-01-05 |
| JP5743127B2 (ja) | 2015-07-01 |
| US8686466B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 |
| US10529892B2 (en) | 2020-01-07 |
| US20110062449A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
| KR101351396B1 (ko) | 2014-02-07 |
| KR20080025096A (ko) | 2008-03-19 |
| JP2017195396A (ja) | 2017-10-26 |
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