JP2015530122A - 脂腺細胞の培養及び使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
年齢が9カ月から12歳までの男性ドナー及び女性ドナーの両方のヒト頭皮(SSG3)、顔面及び乳房から皮脂腺集団を作製した。皮膚サンプルは、Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Centerでの治験審査委員会(IRB)の承認のもとでドナーの年齢及び性別に関して提供された情報と共に手術廃棄物として回収されたものである。
方法
ウェスタンブロット法
10〜12%アクリルアミドゲルでの電気泳動によってタンパク質を分離し、ニトロセルロース膜に移し、免疫ブロットを行った。0.1%Tween−20を含有するPBS中の5%無脂肪乳又は5%BSAで膜を1時間ブロックした。一次抗体は概して1/1,000の濃度で使用し、HRP結合二次抗体は5%無脂肪乳中1/2,000の濃度で使用した。標準的なECL(Amersham、Pittsburgh、Pennsylvania)並びにLuminata(商標)crescend及びclassico(Millipore)を使用して免疫ブロットを展開した。LI−COR Odyssey CLx(LI−COR Biosciences、Lincoln、Nebraska)を使用して免疫ブロットの2色検出を行った。Odysseyブロッキングバッファ(LI−COR)中で膜をブロックし、IRDye680LT及び800CWとコンジュゲートした二次抗体を使用した(1/10,000;LI−COR)。Odyssey赤外線イメージングシステム(LI−COR)を使用してタンパク質濃度を定量した。
SSG3細胞のTGFβRIIを除去するために、CCHMC Heart Instituteのレンチ−shRNAライブラリーコアから入手したshRNAベクター(shRNA TGFβRII番号197031及び194992並びにshRNA対照)を使用した。ヒトライブラリーはSigma−Aldrich(MISSION shRNA;St.Louis、Missouri)から購入した。Translational Core Laboratories(Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation)においてウイルスベクターコアによってウイルスベクターを作製した。細胞を6ウェルプレート中で80%コンフルエントになるまで増殖させた後、レンチウイルスを48時間感染させた。1pg/mlピューロマイシン(Sigma)を48時間使用して感染細胞を選択した。選択後、TGFβRIIノックダウン細胞を通常の培地中で48時間増殖させ、その後5ng/mlのTGFβ1で24時間活性化させた。
凍結切片作製のため、OCT化合物(Tissue−Tek、Sakura、Torrance、California)中で固定せずにヒト組織を凍結した。以前に報告された方法と同様に免疫染色を行った[48]。
以下のタンパク質:PPARy(Santa−Cruz Biotechnology Inc.、Santa Cruz、CA、免疫蛍光分析ではH−100 1/250、ウェスタンブロットでは1/500)、Blimp1(Cell Signaling、Danvers、Massachusetts、免疫蛍光分析では1/500、ウェスタンブロットでは1/1,000)、フィブロネクチン(Santa−Cruz Biotechnology Inc.、Santa Cruz、CA、EP5 1/150)、Muc1(Millipore、1/500)、cMyc(Cell Signaling、免疫蛍光分析では1/800、ウェスタンブロットでは1/1,000)、TGFβRII(Santa−Cruz Biotechnology Inc.、Santa Cruz、CA、sc−220 1/1,000)、p−Smad2(Cell Signaling、免疫蛍光分析では1/100、ウェスタンブロットでは1/1,000)、Smad2/3(BD Biosciences、San Jose、CA、1/500)、a6インテグリン(CD49f、BD Biosciences、San Jose、CA、1/100)、ブロモデオキシウリジンBrdU(Abcam、Cambridge、Massachusetts、1/500)、ケラチン8(この抗体は、Dr.Brulet及びDr.Kemlerにより開発されたものであり、アイオワ大学で維持されているNICHD発生研究ハイブリドーマバンクから入手した;1/1,000)、8−アクチン(Sigma、1/2,000)、ケラチン7(Cell Signaling、1/1,000)に対する一次抗体を記載した希釈率で使用し、4’,6−ジアミジノ−2−フェニルインドール(DAPI)を細胞核のマーカーとして利用した(Sigma Chemical Co.、St.Louis、MO、1/5,000)。二次抗体Alexa Fluor488又は555(Molecular Probes、Carlsbad、California)を1/1,000の希釈率で使用した。蛍光顕微鏡Axiolmager M1(Zeiss)を用いて蛍光画像を取得し、axioCam MRmカメラ(Zeiss、Thornwood、New York)を用いて写真を撮影した。
Rneasyミニキット(Qiagen、Germantown、Maryland)を使用して全RNAを単離し、これを使用してcDNAを作製した(Maxima第一鎖cDNA合成キット、Fermentas、Waltham、Massachusetts)。逆転写(RT)反応物を10ng/plに希釈し、1plの各RTをリアルタイムPCRに使用した。CFX96リアルタイムPCRシステム、CFXマネージャーソフトウェア及びSsoFast EvaGreenスーパーミックス試薬(Biorad、Hercules、California)を使用してリアルタイムPCRを行った。全ての反応は三連で行い、GAPDHを標準とした相対的発現量を用いるAACT法によって分析した。
GAPDH−F:ACATCGCTCAGACACCATG(SEQ ID NO:1)、
GAPDH−R:TGTAGTTGAGGTCAATGAAGGG(SEQ ID NO:2)、
PPARγ−F:GAGCCCAAGTTTGAGTTTGC(SEQ ID NO:3)、
PPARγ−R:GCAGGTTGTCTTGAATGTCTTC(SEQ ID NO:4)、
FADS2−F:TGTCTACAGAAAACCCAAGTGG(SEQ ID NO:5)、
FADS2−R:TGTGGAAGATGTTAGGCTTGG(SEQ ID NO:6)、
TGFβRII−F:CTGTGGATGACCTGGCTAAC(SEQ ID NO:7)及び
TGFβRII−R:CATTTCCCAGAGCACCAGAG(SEQ ID NO:8)。
ナイルレッド染色のため、細胞又はOCT切片を4%ホルムアルデヒド中で室温で10分間固定した。1×PBSで3回洗浄後、0.1pg/mlのナイルレッド(Sigma)での染色を0.15M NaCl中で室温で15分間行った。オイルレッドO染色のため、細胞を10%ホルマリン中で15分間固定し、水で10分間及び60%イソプロパノールで洗浄し、その後、オイルレッドO(60%イソプロパノール中0.7%)で45分間染色した。細胞を60%イソプロパノールで洗滌し、細胞核をヘマトキシリンで染色した。インビトロで脂腺細胞の分化を誘発するために、脂腺細胞培地に直接リノール酸(Sigma、0.1mM)を添加した。細胞を脂質を抽出できるように調製するために、2,000〜3,000万個の細胞をペレット化し、1×PBSで洗浄してから、脂質を分析を行うまでアルゴン下、−80℃の暗所で保存した。SPEカートリッジ(固相抽出)を取り付けたAgilent5973Nガスクロマトグラフ/マススペクトロメーターを用いて頭皮由来のヒト脂腺細胞における脂質の定性的及び定量的な組成を決定した。この決定はSynelvia S.A.S(Labege、France)によって行われた。
以前に報告された方法と同様に、細胞を6ウェルプレート中で80%コンフルエントで培養し、shRNAを発現するレンチウイルスを感染させた。48時間ピューロマイシンによる選択を行った後、1×PBS中で細胞を洗浄し、リノール酸(0.1mM)含有又は非含有の作用培地で24時間処理した。細胞をトリプシン処理し、1×PBSで1回洗浄し、中性脂質を蛍光色素のナイルレッド(PBS中1pg/ml)で標識した。青色レーザー(488nmで励起)を備えたFACS Canto I(BD Biosciences)を使用してサンプル1つあたり10,000個の細胞を分析した。
脂腺細胞培地中で細胞を80%コンフルエントで増殖させ、0.175Mカコジル酸ナトリウム緩衝液で1回洗滌した。3%グルタルアルデヒド/0.175Mカコジル酸塩緩衝液中で細胞を4℃で1時間固定した。培養皿を0.175Mカコジル酸ナトリウム緩衝液で2回洗浄した。細胞を1%四酸化オスミウム/カコジル酸塩緩衝液中で1時間4℃で後固定した後、0.175Mカコジル酸ナトリウム緩衝液で3回洗浄した。1.5mlでの最後の洗浄の後、細胞を掻き取り、10Kで5分間遠心分離した。次いで、細胞ペレットを1mlの1%アガロース(タイプIX超低温ゲル化温度、Sigma)に4℃で一晩再懸濁した。その後、サンプルを段階的濃度のアルコールで処理し、LX−112樹脂(Ladd Research、Williston、Vermont)を浸透させ包埋した。60℃で3日間重合させた後、Reichert−JungウルトラカットEミクロトームを使用して超薄切片(100nm)を切り出し、2%酢酸ウラニル水溶液及びレイノルズクエン酸鉛溶液で対比染色した。デジタルカメラ(AMT 2kx2K tem CCD)を備えた透過型電子顕微鏡(日立H−6750)によって画像を撮影した。
データは平均±SDとして表す。対応のない両側スチューデントt検定を用いて2種の細胞型の比較を行った。同じ細胞型に対する処理の効果を比較する際には対応のある両側スチューデントt検定を用いた。P<0.05を有意とみなした。
A.1:小児ドナーから樹立された初代脂腺細胞は皮脂腺分化のマーカーを発現する
初代ヒト脂腺細胞の増殖及び分化を調節する経路を決定するために、脂腺細胞を単離し、インビトロで皮脂腺の微小環境を模倣することにより増殖させた。年齢が9か月から12歳までのドナー由来の皮膚外植片を顕微解剖し、皮脂腺をフィブロネクチン被覆ガラス製カバースリップの間に置いてインビボの環境を再現した。この方法を用いて、8人のドナーから4種の皮膚組織型:頭皮5点、乳房1点、胸部1点及び顔面1点のサンプルとして初代脂腺細胞培養物を得た。全ての実験は、細胞外マトリックスや、支持体として放射線照射した線維芽細胞を使用せずに、継代2世代目及びそれ以降の世代(3〜5世代目)について行った。
初代ヒト脂腺細胞がインビトロで機能性を有することを確認するために、該細胞が分化してヒト特異的な脂質を産生する能力を分析した。親油性色素のナイルレッドを使用して最終分化脂腺細胞を染色できる[27](図8a)。リノール酸は、数種類のプロスタグランジン及び他のポリ不飽和脂肪酸の生合成に使用される必須のポリ不飽和脂肪酸であり、インビトロで脂腺細胞の分化を誘発する[28]。故に、生理学的なレベルでリノール酸処理してから2日後にナイルレッド染色によって細胞の脂質分布を分析したところ、SSG3は実際に脂質を産生していたことが示された(図8b)。また、未処理の細胞において電子顕微鏡検査により細胞質脂肪滴が検出され(図8c)、さらにリノール酸処理後により高い電子密度で脂肪滴が増加することも検出された(図8c”)。ヒトは、リノール酸代謝及び皮脂産生に関与する特有のΔ6デサチュラーゼ/FADS2遺伝子[29]を有する。FADS2は、主として脂質合成能を獲得した分化脂腺細胞で検出可能であり、脂腺細胞における活性及び分化の機能的なマーカーを提供する。本開示によれば、FADS2は、SEB−1と比較してSSG3細胞で高度に発現されることが見出された(図2c)。これらの結果から、SSG3細胞が、脂腺細胞分化に関与する細胞の遺伝子発現パターンの特徴を示すことが実証された。また、SSG3細胞においてリノール酸処理により分化が誘導されると、有意な変化を全く示さないSEB−1とは対照的に、SSG3ではPPARγが増加し(図2d)、FADS2も増加する(図2e)ことが示された。
ある研究によれば、ヒト脂腺細胞を調節できる可能性のある候補としてTGFβが示唆されている[16]。TGFβリガンドは、TGFβR1とTGFβRIIで構成される二量体型受容体複合体に結合することにより、受容体結合Smad(Smad2/3)転写因子をリン酸化し活性化して細胞核中に移動できるようにし、TGFβ応答遺伝子を調節する[33]。TGFβRIIは、Smad2経路の活性化に必須である[20、34]。故に、TGFβ活性化に関する読み出しとしてリン酸化Smad2/3の有無によってインビボ及びインビトロでのTGFβRIIの有無及び上記経路の機能性を分析した。免疫蛍光分析の結果、皮脂腺の中心部に存在する脂質が充満した分化脂腺細胞を除いて、TGFβRIIは皮脂腺全体で発現されることが示された(図3a及び3a’)。さらに、細胞核でのリン酸化Smad2の発現が腺の周縁部及び中心部で検出されるが、最終分化脂腺細胞では検出されないことから、TGFβ経路はインビボにおいて腺中で活性であると判定された(図3b及び3b’)。インビトロでは、SSG3脂腺細胞は、外因的に組換えTGFβ1で刺激した場合、SEB−1及びNIKSと同様にSmad2を活性化する(図3c)。
次に、TGFβ1で処理した際の脂質生成に関与する遺伝子の発現を試験することによって、脂腺細胞分化に対するTGFβシグナル伝達の効果を探索した。図3a及びbに示すように、細胞をTGFβ1で24時間刺激すると、FADS2及びPPARγのmRNA発現はSEB−1と比較してSSG3細胞において有意に減少することから、TGFβ1は細胞分化を防止する可能性があることが示唆され、乳房及び顔面由来の初代脂腺細胞の場合も同様である(図9)。この効果が、TGFβRII−Smad2に依存するものかどうかを試験するために、shRNAを使用してTGFβ受容体IIをノックダウンしたところ、Smad2のリン酸化が効果的に阻害された[20]。
いくつかの一連の証拠から、トランスフォーミング増殖因子β(TGFβ)はヒト脂腺細胞を調節できる可能性のある候補であることが示唆されているが[15、16]、初代ヒト培養物がないために、TGFβシグナル伝達が皮脂腺分化を制御する分子メカニズムの徹底した調査がなされてこなかった。TGFβ経路は広範に分布しており、複数の細胞型及び組織型の増殖及び分化の制御に関与する。TGFβシグナル伝達経路の2つの主要な受容体であるTGFβ受容体I(TGFβRI)及びTGFβ受容体II(TGFβRII)はマウス皮脂腺で発現されることが報告されている[17、18]。ヒト及びマウス上皮細胞株において、TGFβは、c−Myc発現の下方制御が少なくとも部分的に介在する強力な増殖阻害剤として作用する[19、20]。興味深いことに、マウスにおけるc−Myc過剰発現は、毛髪分化を犠牲にして脂腺細胞分化を活性化することにより皮脂腺サイズの増加を誘導した[13、21]。また、TGFβシグナル伝達の一般的なメディエイターである表皮Smad4が破壊されると、c−Myc上方制御を介して毛包間表皮、毛包及び皮脂腺の過形成が起こる[22]。
図1:フィブロネクチンは微小環境を模倣し、脂腺細胞がインビトロで増殖できるようにする。(a)顕微解剖前の頭皮サンプル(9カ月齢)。(b)単離された皮脂腺。(c)ヒト頭皮組織のOCT切片での免疫蛍光染色であり、皮脂腺周囲の細胞外マトリックスでフィブロネクチン((c)において白色矢印で示した赤色部分)が発現されることが示された。α6−インテグリン((c’)において白色矢印で示した緑色部分)は腺の基底層を標識した。囲み領域は(c’)に拡大表示する。スケールバー:20μm(c、c’)。(d)脂腺細胞を単離して培養する新規方法の概略図。頭皮外植片をフィブロネクチンで被覆されたカバースリップの間に置いた。外植片から皮脂腺細胞SSG3が成長する(倍率100倍)。略語:SG(皮脂腺)、HF(毛包)、FN(フィブロネクチン)。
初代脂腺細胞を使用して、脂質生成の阻害剤又は活性化剤であることが知られている化合物を試験し、脂質生成を阻害又は活性化する試験化合物を同定したり、脂質生成の阻害剤又は活性化剤の効果を変化させたりする。
アンドロゲン:皮脂産生はアンドロゲンの制御下であり、アンドロゲンに対する毛嚢脂腺単位の異常な応答は座瘡の病因に関与するようである。
5α−レダクターゼ阻害剤(アンドロゲン性脱毛症の治療に使用):脂質生成を低下させる。
5α−DHT(ジヒドロテストステロン)(アンドロゲンはインビボで皮脂腺の活性を刺激する):増殖を促進し、脂質生成を増加させる。
DHEA(5−デヒドロエピアンドロステロン)(副腎の主要なステロイド分泌物であり、アンドロゲン受容体に作用し、皮脂腺活性にアンドロゲン作用を示す):脂質生成を増加させる。
酢酸シプロテロン(抗アンドロゲン薬):脂質生成を減少させる。
エストロゲン類:エストラジオール:脂質生成を減少させる。
コルチコイド類:デキサメタゾン:脂質生成を減少させる。
レチノイド類:イソトレチノイン(13−シスレチノイン酸):脂腺細胞に対する増殖抑制効果、細胞周期停止、アポトーシス作用。
PPARアゴニスト:ロシグリタゾン:脂質生成を減少させる。
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Claims (20)
- 脂腺細胞の培養に適した細胞培地中でガラス片の間に挟んだ皮脂腺を該皮脂腺上に脂腺細胞が形成されるのに充分な時間培養することを含む、
初代脂腺細胞を培養する方法。 - 前記ガラス片が細胞外マトリックスタンパク質で被覆されている、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記細胞外マトリックスタンパク質がフィブロネクチンである、
請求項2に記載の方法。 - 前記皮脂腺がヒト小児ドナー由来である、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記皮脂腺を培養する前に、皮膚のサンプルを得ること、及び、該皮膚サンプルから皮脂腺を取り出すことをさらに含む、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記皮膚のサンプルがヒト小児ドナー由来である、
請求項5に記載の方法。 - 前記細胞培地が、基本培地、上皮成長因子、コレラ毒素、アデニン、インスリン、ヒドロコルチゾン、ウシ胎児血清、及び、抗生物質/有糸分裂阻害薬を含有する、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記皮脂腺から前記脂腺細胞を取り出すこと、及び、脂腺細胞の培養に適した培地中で細胞外マトリックスタンパク質で被覆されたガラス上に前記脂腺細胞を培養することをさらに含む、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記培地が、基本培地、上皮成長因子、コレラ毒素、アデニン、インスリン、ヒドロコルチゾン、ウシ胎児血清、及び、抗生物質/有糸分裂阻害薬を含有する、
請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記細胞外マトリックスタンパク質がフィブロネクチンである、
請求項8に記載の方法。 - 基本培地、上皮成長因子、コレラ毒素、アデニン、インスリン、ヒドロコルチゾン、ウシ胎児血清、及び、抗生物質/有糸分裂阻害薬を含有する培地中でフィブロネクチンで被覆されたガラス上に初代脂腺細胞を培養することを含む、
初代脂腺細胞を培養する方法。 - 前記初代脂腺細胞がヒト小児ドナー由来である、
請求項11に記載の方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法により得られる培養脂腺細胞の単離された集団。
- 請求項11に記載の方法により得られる培養脂腺細胞の単離された集団。
- a)請求項13に記載の培養脂腺細胞の集団に試験化合物を添加すること、及び、
b)前記脂腺細胞における脂質産生に対する前記試験化合物の効果を測定すること
を含む、脂質生成を調節する化合物を同定する方法。 - 前記培養脂腺細胞の集団の一部が、前記試験化合物を添加する前にリノール酸で誘導される、
請求項15に記載の方法。 - 前記試験化合物の効果の測定において、FADS2又はPPARγ又は両方の発現を測定する、
請求項15に記載の方法。 - a)請求項14に記載の培養脂腺細胞の集団に試験化合物を添加すること、及び、
b)前記脂腺細胞における脂質産生に対する前記試験化合物の効果を測定すること
を含む、脂質生成を調節する化合物を同定する方法。 - 前記培養脂腺細胞の集団の一部が、前記試験化合物を添加する前にリノール酸で誘導される、
請求項18に記載の方法。 - 前記試験化合物の効果の測定において、FADS2又はPPARγ又は両方の発現を測定する、
請求項18に記載の方法。
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| JP6026707B1 (ja) * | 2016-02-08 | 2016-11-16 | 花王株式会社 | 成熟皮脂腺細胞の製造方法 |
| WO2018193722A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-10-25 | 株式会社マンダム | 皮脂腺の観察方法 |
| WO2020079981A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-17 | 2020-04-23 | 株式会社マンダム | 皮脂腺の観察方法およびその利用 |
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| AU2014259787B2 (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2018-03-08 | The Henry M. Jackson Foundation For The Advancement Of Military Medicine, Inc. | Skin substitutes and methods for hair follicle neogenesis |
| FR3061205A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-29 | L'oreal | Modele d'epithelium reconstruit sebocytaire differencie a partir de sebocytes humains primaires |
| CN111527209B (zh) * | 2017-11-01 | 2024-11-12 | 爱迪塔斯医药股份有限公司 | Crispr-cas9编辑t细胞中的tgfbr2以用于免疫疗法的方法、组合物和组分 |
| CN109852576A (zh) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-06-07 | 施歌 | 一种永生化皮脂腺细胞株的构建方法 |
| CN111088217B (zh) * | 2019-12-20 | 2023-03-03 | 广东博溪生物科技有限公司 | 细胞培养基、细胞培养试剂盒及细胞培养方法 |
| CN112608947B (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2023-06-16 | 上海市皮肤病医院 | 一种永生化人皮脂腺细胞系的构建方法及其应用 |
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| JP2008307007A (ja) * | 2007-06-15 | 2008-12-25 | Bayer Schering Pharma Ag | 出生後のヒト組織由来未分化幹細胞から誘導したヒト多能性幹細胞 |
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| JP6026707B1 (ja) * | 2016-02-08 | 2016-11-16 | 花王株式会社 | 成熟皮脂腺細胞の製造方法 |
| WO2017138078A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-17 | 花王株式会社 | 成熟皮脂腺細胞の製造方法 |
| WO2018193722A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-10-25 | 株式会社マンダム | 皮脂腺の観察方法 |
| JPWO2018193722A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-20 | 2019-04-25 | 株式会社マンダム | 皮脂腺の観察方法 |
| WO2020079981A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-17 | 2020-04-23 | 株式会社マンダム | 皮脂腺の観察方法およびその利用 |
| US11047849B2 (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2021-06-29 | Mandom Corporation | Method for observing sebaceous gland and use thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| BR112015007577A2 (pt) | 2017-12-12 |
| WO2014055815A1 (en) | 2014-04-10 |
| EP2904095A1 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
| EP2904095A4 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
| CN105247040A (zh) | 2016-01-13 |
| SG11201502497RA (en) | 2015-04-29 |
| US20150268254A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
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