JP2025511815A - Improvements in and relating to the assembly of structures - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus for assembling a structure, such as a wind turbine or jacket, is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a first erectable structure comprising a first plurality of legs connected by a first connection arrangement. The apparatus comprises a second erectable structure comprising a second plurality of legs connected by a second connection arrangement. The apparatus comprises an elongated structure extending between the first and second erectable structures. The apparatus comprises a lifting arrangement configurable to move a load along the elongated structure between the first and second erectable structures. Methods of deploying the apparatus for assembling a structure and methods of assembling a structure are also disclosed.

Description

The present invention relates to a device/apparatus and/or system for assembling an (offshore) structure or a structure such as an (offshore) wind turbine or an (offshore) jacket. The present invention also relates to a method for deploying a device/apparatus or system for assembling an (offshore) structure such as an (offshore) structure or an (offshore) wind turbine or an (offshore) jacket. The present invention also relates to a method for assembling a structure or an (offshore) turbine or a jacket such as a wind turbine or a jacket, e.g. an offshore wind turbine or an offshore jacket. The structure is advantageously a floating/buoyant structure and/or is provided on a floating/buoyant body.

In particular, but not exclusively, the present invention relates to a method for assembling a wind turbine structure or jacket, for example intended for offshore use, and to an apparatus for assembling a wind turbine or jacket.

In the field of wind turbines, particularly offshore wind turbines, there is a general trend to install increasingly high power wind turbines, for example turbines capable of outputting 10 megawatts or more. However, along with the increase in power capability, the physical dimensions of such wind turbines are also increasing.

Historically, wind turbines, or at least assembled or semi-assembled components of wind turbines, may have been manufactured and/or assembled at a first location and then transported by road to a further location for deployment and/or further assembly. However, due to their increasing physical size, transporting modern turbines, or assembled portions of modern turbines, by road is no longer practically possible.

Currently, wind turbines and their associated structures can be constructed separately on land and transported in sections to an offshore site, where they can be moved into position and secured using slings and cranes.

This background helps set the scene so that the experienced reader can better understand the discussion that follows. Therefore, none of the above discussions should necessarily be interpreted as an admission that the discussions are part of the state of the art or are common general knowledge.

Further background material includes GB 2479232 (W3G SHIPPING LTD), which describes a structure such as a transport element, e.g. a wind turbine structure for an offshore facility, including an annular projection configured to complementarily mate with an engagement portion of a clamp, which allows the structure to be transported using the clamp. The clamp may include two or more portions positioned around the structure. The wind turbine may be transported as a completed structure. Typically, the transport element is provided at an attachment area, such as a tower, where the tower is attached to a support such as a jacket. Apparatus for enabling the transport of a wind turbine structure including a clamp is also described. In some cases, the apparatus is also configured to modify the effective centre of gravity of the associated structure and/or the effective centre of inertia of the associated structure. An orienting assembly may be provided comprising six actuators controlled by use of positioning signals to enable relative movement of the clamp, and therefore the clamp structure, with respect to a lifting device. A crane may transport the wind turbine to and from a barge.

GB 2479232 (W3G SHIPPING LTD) discloses a system, such as an offshore system, comprising a wind turbine structure for a site, such as an offshore site. The structure comprises a tower for supporting a turbine and a transport element, the transport element being provided at the base of the tower and being part of a complementary mating arrangement, the transport element being mateable with an engaging element of a clamp, and an apparatus for enabling transport of the structure, the apparatus comprising a clamp having an engaging element, the engaging element being another part of the complementary mating arrangement, the engaging element being mateable with the transport element of the tower, the apparatus being configured to enable the structure to be raised and lowered at the site from the base of the tower using the clamp when the engaging element of the clamp is mated with the transport element of the tower.

GB 2582844 (W3G MARINE LTD) discloses a method for assembling a structure such as a wind turbine, the method comprising:
To provide a lifting arrangement, the lifting arrangement comprising:
a gantry disposed on and/or directly above the one or more rails;
a lifting means coupled to the gantry;
Stacking parts of a structure,
a first portion of the structure relative to the one or more rails;
Lifting the first portion using a lifting means;
Configuring a clamping device to grasp a first portion;
transporting the clamping device along one or more rails; and transportably disposing the clamping device along one or more rails.
Lifting a second portion of the structure using a lifting means;
disposing the first portion under the second portion by further conveying the first portion gripped by the clamping device along one or more rails;
and stacking by lowering the second portion onto the first portion.

China Utility Model No. 213445838 (NANTONG RUNJINI MARINE EQUIPMENT CO, LTD) describes an offshore wind turbine blade wave compensation platform that includes two tracks, fixedly connected to a portal between the respective sides of the tracks, and equally fixedly connected to a servo motor all around the inside bottom of the portal.

EP 2058444 (FREYSSINET) describes a method for constructing a civil engineering structure and associated systems. The method comprises positioning a second element under a fixed gantry crane with a lifting unit, e.g. a crane hook. The element is lifted using the lifting unit. The first element is positioned under the fixed crane and under the second element. The second element is placed on the first element using the lifting unit. The fixed crane is positioned on or near a building bench on which the civil structure is built. Independent claims are also included for a system for constructing a civil engineering structure with a fixed lifting structure.

One or more aspects/embodiments of the present invention may or may not address one or more of the background problems.

British Patent No. 2479232 British Patent No. 2582844 Chinese Utility Model No. 213445838 European Patent Application Publication No. 2058444

An object of at least one embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention is to avoid or at least mitigate at least one problem in the prior art.

An object of at least one embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention is to provide a technically simpler and/or commercially more cost-effective method and system for assembling, for example, an (offshore) wind turbine structure or an (offshore) jacket for an (offshore) wind turbine, than the prior art.

According to the present invention there is provided a device or apparatus and system for assembling an (offshore) structure (such as a wind turbine or wind turbine generator (WTG)), a method for deploying a device or apparatus for assembling an (offshore) structure, and a method for assembling an (offshore) structure, in accordance with the accompanying claims.

According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a device or apparatus for assembling a structure (such as an offshore structure, such as a wind turbine or jacket), the apparatus comprising a (standable, e.g. vertically standable) structure and a lifting arrangement.

The structure may be capable of being erected or assembled, for example, on-site, and/or may be capable of being dismantled or disassembled, for example, on-site.

The device/apparatus may comprise or provide an assembly area, for example above the bottom or floor of an area of water, for example a body of water, for example a seabed. The assembly area may be provided below the lifting arrangement, for example when erected. It will be appreciated that the device/apparatus may be used offshore or on land, for example on or at a wharf.

The assembly area may be provided within a perimeter, area or volume of the device or apparatus. The lifting arrangement may be provided above, for example directly above, the assembly area.

In one embodiment, the (erectable) structure may be disposable in a first, or folded, state. The (erectable) structure may be disposable in a second, extended, or erected state. The (erectable) structure may be extendable or selectively movable from a first state to a second state. The (erectable) structure may be collapsible or further selectively movable from a second state to a first state. This selective disposition may facilitate the (erectable) structure being transported in a folded state to a location for assembling the (offshore) structure and then being extended and erected at that location. Furthermore, this selective disposition may facilitate the (erectable) structure being folded and/or removed from the assembly area after the (offshore) structure is assembled.

In another embodiment, the structure may be capable of being assembled and/or erected on site or in-situ. This embodiment facilitates portions of the structure being transported to the site individually, or at least unassembled for assembly on or at the site.

The structure may include multiple legs and/or a top member. The legs may be connected or connectable to the top member.

The lifting arrangement may be provided below, for example directly below, the top member in use. The lifting arrangement may depend from the top. An assembly area may be provided below, for example directly below, the top.

In a preferred embodiment, the device or apparatus may comprise a tripod body or tripod arrangement, or may comprise three legs. The tripod body may comprise three legs. Alternatively, the device or apparatus may comprise a tetrapod body.

Each of the legs may be attached, for example hinged, at a first end to a connecting member. The connecting member may comprise the top of the structure/tripod/tetrapod. The lifting arrangement may be attached to the connecting member or the top and/or may depend (vertically downwards) from it. In this way, the lifting arrangement may be provided between the three legs.

Each leg may be provided with a mud mat at a second end. Each mud mat may be selectively buoyant (for transport) or submersible (for standing).

In some embodiments, for example in the case of a tetrapod, one pair of opposing legs may be the same length, and the length may be different from another pair of opposing legs.

The structure may include a pyramidal shape when erected, for example a pyramid having a polyhedral base, a triangular base, a square base or a rectangular base. The structure may include a tetrahedron when erected.

The lifting arrangement may comprise an arrangement for connecting or supporting a portion of the structure to be lifted. The arrangement may comprise one or more hooks, shackles, etc. The lifting arrangement may comprise a single point lifting arrangement, with a single lifting point for supporting a load, for example a part or component of a structure.

The lifting arrangement may comprise one or more pulley arrangements and/or winches.

One or more lines (control/tethering/tagging lines) may be provided between at least one, and preferably each, of the legs, the lines adapted to be connected to a load (e.g. part of a structure) to be lifted by the lifting arrangement. At the intersection of the lines, e.g. below the top member, a connection piece may be provided.

One or more of the legs of the device or apparatus may comprise a (metal) grid arrangement.

Additional lines or cables may be provided between adjacent legs at or near the ends of the distal legs of the top member.

Another further line may be provided at or near the end of each leg, which further lines extend (horizontally) to meet at the (base) centre point of the device, e.g. below the top member.

In modified embodiments, the device/apparatus may be provided with a support member on at least one, or each, leg. The/each support member may be provided at or near a respective end of one of the legs distal from the apex. The/each support member may be deployed in a substantially vertical arrangement in use. The support member may provide support/strength to the respective leg to attempt to avoid buckling of the leg.

According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a system for assembling a structure (such as an offshore structure, such as a wind turbine or jacket), the system comprising a device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.

The system may include a floating or buoyant body for transporting one or more portions of the structure to an assembly area.

The system may include, for example, one or more winches for controlling the lifting arrangement.

The winch or winches may be provided on the further buoyant or floatable body. The further buoyant or floatable body may be adapted to be fastened to the legs of the device or apparatus. For example, the further buoyant or floatable body may comprise a slot or recess for engaging with the legs of the device or apparatus and/or for receiving a connecting member during transport of the device/apparatus when in the folded state.

According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of deploying a device or apparatus for assembling a structure, such as a wind turbine, such as a (floating/buoyant) offshore structure, wind turbine or jacket, the method comprising:
Providing a device or apparatus according to the first aspect of the disclosure at or to an assembly area or location;
and deploying/erecting the device or apparatus.

Preferably, the assembly site is an area of water, e.g., the bottom or floor of a body of water, e.g., an area above the ocean floor.

The device/apparatus, when erected, may stand/rest on the bottom of the body of water, e.g. the ocean bottom. The top and elevation arrangement may be provided above the surface level of the body of water.

Providing the device or apparatus to the assembly location may include, for example, the use of one or more ships or barges to transport the device or apparatus, or one or more parts/components thereof, together or individually.

According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method of assembling a structure or wind turbine, such as an offshore structure, wind turbine or jacket, the method comprising:
Deploying a device or apparatus according to the method according to the third aspect of the present disclosure;
Transporting a first portion of the structure to an assembly area;
Lifting the first portion using a lifting arrangement;
Transporting the floating/buoyant base or foundation body to an assembly area;
connecting/clamping a first portion of the structure to a floating/buoyant base.

The method comprises the following subsequent steps:
transporting a further portion of the structure to an assembly area;
lifting the further portion using the lifting arrangement; and
Transporting the floating/buoyant base to an assembly area;
and lowering and/or connecting a further portion of the structure to a first/one portion of the structure already provided on the floating/buoyant base.

The structure may be a floating structure.

The structures are:
A plurality of parts or components;
A segmented (offshore) structure;
A floating/buoyant foundation;
Monopile and
It may be provided with or include a jacket, for example a tripod jacket, a four-legged jacket or a torsion jacket.

In the case of a structure comprising a wind turbine, the parts or components are:
a column or tower, e.g., a first and a second column section;
Nasser and
The turbine blades may include one or more of:

In such a case, there may be a given number of parts, say six parts, and therefore there may be a demand for the same given number of lifts, say six lifts.

The method may include providing a tower for supporting (part of) the structure during assembly.

Arrangements may be provided for extending or increasing the height of the tower during use, for example at intervals, to raise the structure and/or the top of the structure.

According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of assembling an (offshore) structure, such as an (offshore) wind turbine or an (offshore) jacket, the method comprising the following steps:
To provide a lifting arrangement, the lifting arrangement comprising:
a gantry disposed above and/or directly above the area of water;
a lifting means or device coupled to the gantry;
Stacking parts of a structure,
transportably disposing a first portion of a structure against or in an area of water;
Lifting the first portion using a lifting means;
Configuring a clamping or holding device to grasp the first portion;
transporting the clamping or holding device away from the area of water;
Lifting a second portion of the structure using a lifting means;
disposing the first portion below or adjacent to the second portion by further transporting the first portion gripped by the clamping device into the area of water;
and stacking by lowering the second portion onto or in connection with the first portion.

The step of lifting the second portion using a lifting means or device may include hoisting and/or raising the second portion upwardly to a height above the uppermost level of the first portion.

The method may include fixedly coupling the second portion to the first portion by bolting, welding, and/or clamping.

The structure may be, for example, a wind turbine assembly, such as an offshore wind turbine, or a jacket, such as an offshore jacket, for supporting a wind turbine.

The first part and/or the second part and/or the one or more further parts may be at least one of a part of a tower or a nacelle or a turbine blade.

The method includes depositing one/further portion on the second portion;
lifting the further portion using a lifting means or device;
disposing a second portion of the structure beneath the further portion by conveying the second portion to an area of water;
The method may further include stacking by lowering a further portion onto or against the second portion.

The clamping device may be provided on a floating or buoyant body, for example a buoyant base or a (top) crown assembly.

The clamping device may be configured to support and/or clamp and/or grip at least a portion of the structure in a vertical arrangement and/or in a substantially upright configuration.

According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a system for assembling a structure such as an (offshore) wind turbine or an (offshore) jacket, the system comprising:
a gantry disposed above and/or directly above the area of water;
a lifting means or arrangement coupled to the gantry;
a means or device for transporting a portion of the structure to or from an area of water;
The means or device for transporting the part of the structure comprises a clamping device or a holding device.

The clamping or holding device may be configurable between a clamping or holding configuration for gripping a portion of a structure and a non-clamping or non-holding configuration.

The clamping device may be coupled to or mounted on a floating or buoyant (base) body, for example a floating foundation or a (top) crown assembly or a barge.

The lifting means may comprise a winch and/or a pulley.

The system may be adapted to assemble an offshore wind turbine assembly or a wind turbine assembly or jacket, such as an offshore jacket assembly, for example for a wind turbine.

The system may include a clamping and/or gripping system, the clamping and/or gripping system comprising:
a clamping device for gripping at least a portion of the wind turbine assembly;
a buoyant or floatable body;
The clamping device is mounted to a floating or buoyant body.

The clamping device may be configured to support at least a portion of the wind turbine assembly or the jacket assembly in a vertical arrangement and/or a substantially upright configuration.

The clamping device may be configured to engage a flange or rim disposed on an outer surface of a portion of the structure.
According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a device or apparatus for assembling a structure (such as a wind turbine or jacket, such as an offshore structure, a wind turbine or jacket), the device or apparatus comprising an erectable, e.g. vertically erectable, structure. The device or apparatus may comprise a lifting arrangement. A method for erecting the erectable structure and a system comprising the erectable structure are also disclosed.

The erectable structure may include a multi-legged structure, such as a tripod or a quadruped.

In one embodiment, the erectable structure may be disposable in a first, or folded, state. The erectable structure may be disposable in a second, extended, or erected state. The erectable structure may be extendable or selectively movable from a first state to a second state. The erectable structure may be collapsible or may further be selectively movable from a second state to a first state. This selective disposition may facilitate the erectable structure being transported in a folded state to a location for assembling the (offshore) structure and then extended and erected at that location. Furthermore, this selective disposition may facilitate the erectable structure being folded and/or removed from the assembly area after the (offshore) structure is assembled.

In examples, erection of the erectable structure may be assisted by a post or column. The post or column may be mounted to the floating structure. The post or column may extend through a central portion of the erectable structure.

During the process of erecting the erectable structure, a central portion of the erectable structure may be raised relative to the post or column, e.g., "walked" up it.

The central portion may comprise or be coupled to a running gear module.

Such raising of the central portion of the erectable structure involves the use of one or more clamps, such as walking clamps.

In some examples, a traction force may be applied to a tension member, e.g., a line, between the center of the leg of the erectable structure and the base (or generally toward the base) while the central portion of the erectable structure is being raised.

In some examples, a traction force may be applied to a tension member, e.g., a line, between the bases of the legs of the erectable structure while the central portion of the erectable structure is being raised.

The posts may be placed first on the floating structure with the top of the erectable structure resting around the post or column.

In examples, the erectable structures and/or posts or columns may initially be provided as parts that may be assembled on the deck, e.g., joined together.

In examples, the erectable structures may be installed in pieces that are joined together on a deck and/or lowered onto the tops of and/or assembled around posts or columns.

In some examples, the floatable structure, or at least a portion thereof, may be lowered and/or extended to the seabed to provide a reaction to lift the erectable structure into position.

In some instances, the buoyant structure may remain afloat during erection of the erectable structure, provided, for example, that it has sufficient buoyancy and stability capacity to react to loads.

In some embodiments, the post or column may have one or more winches mounted on the top or uppermost portion, e.g., a linear winch.

The one or more winches may be configured to lift the top or uppermost portion of the erectable structure.

In an embodiment, the post or column may include one or more return sheaves with winches at, on or generally near a deck, for example the deck of a floating structure.

The post or column may be a primary post or column and may include at least one further post or column disposed inside the primary post or column. The primary post or column and the at least one further post or column may be arranged in a telescoping arrangement.

During assembly of the erectable structure, once the top or uppermost portion of the erectable structure has been raised to reach the top or uppermost portion of the post or column, at least one further post or column may be extended, e.g. telescopic, to continue the process of raising the top or uppermost portion of the erectable structure.

In some examples, the erectable structure may be erected without lifting machinery in place, e.g. lifting machinery that may be required to assemble the structure, such as a wind turbine or jacket or offshore structure, an offshore wind turbine or an offshore jacket, etc.

In such an example, the lifting machine may be lifted into position, for example at the top of the erectable structure, following erection of the erectable structure.

In some examples, an erectable structure may have some of its structural components lifted into place following initial erection of the structure. In one example, such structural components may also form part of a platform for a lifting machine.

In an example use, the lifting machine may be configured to be lowered and/or removed for purposes such as servicing, maintenance, repair, storage, etc.

In some examples, windage losses of the erectable structure may be reduced by removing at least a portion of the erectable structure, particularly the top of the erectable structure. As an example, a roof or safety area for personnel that may only be needed during operation may be removed to reduce windage losses.

In some examples, the stiffness of the erectable structure may be increased by using one or more parts or components of the erectable structure that are elevated after the initial erection of the erectable structure to reduce the tendency to buckle.

In some instances, such as when the erectable structure comprises a tripod, a mud mat barge may be provided at the base of each leg. Such barges may have buoyancy that may extend from their deck, and when on the seabed, their top or uppermost portions may be substantially at or above the waterline. Advantageously, this may help sink the mud mat barge in place.

In some examples, the mud mat barges may be ballasted to provide lateral stability from forces, such as wind and/or tidal forces, during their operation. In some examples, such ballasting may be achieved by at least one of pumping water or other dense material to provide gravity anchors, such as mud or hematite, sheet piles around the mud mat barge, pile anchors, suction anchors, anchors attached by chains, wires or ropes, and/or tack lines to shore.

According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a system for assembling a structure (such as an offshore structure, such as a wind turbine or jacket), the system comprising a device or apparatus according to the seventh aspect of the present disclosure.

According to a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus for assembling a structure, such as a wind turbine or jacket. The apparatus comprises a first structure, e.g., an erectable structure, comprising a first plurality of legs connected by a first connection arrangement. The apparatus comprises a second structure, e.g., a second erectable structure, comprising a second plurality of legs connected by a second connection arrangement. The apparatus comprises an elongated structure extending between the first and second erectable structures. The apparatus comprises a lifting arrangement configurable to move a load along the elongated structure between the first and second erectable structures.

Advantageously, providing a first erectable structure and a second erectable structure together with a lifting arrangement configurable to move a load along the elongated structure between the first and second erectable structures allows a structure, such as a wind turbine, to be assembled without having to repeatedly move any base or foundation on which the structure may be assembled. That is, in use, components of the structure may be provided under the first structure and then lifted by the lifting arrangement to an assembly site under the second structure. The reduction in the movement of any base or foundation on which the structure may be assembled may advantageously reduce operating costs, shorten assembly times, reduce the complexity of the assembly operation, and/or reduce risks to personnel.

The first and/or second erectable structures may be disposable in a first or folded or stored state and a second or extended state. The first and/or second erectable structures may be extensibly erectable or selectively movable from a first state to a second state. The first and/or second erectable structures may be foldable or storable or even selectively movable from a second state to a first state.

Advantageously, the first and/or second erectable structures may be transported to the assembly site in the first, or folded, or stowed state. This may advantageously reduce transportation costs and increase the range of locations where the disclosed apparatus may be used.

As described in more detail below, the apparatus may define and/or comprise an assembly area below the lifting arrangement when erected, e.g. above the area of water, e.g. the bottom or floor of a body of water, e.g. the ocean floor. The assembly area may be provided below, e.g. directly below, the lifting arrangement when erected, e.g. the assembly area may be provided within a perimeter, area or volume of the device or apparatus. The lifting arrangement may be provided above, e.g. directly above, the assembly area.

The first connection arrangement may include a first top member that substantially defines a first top of the first plurality of legs.

That is, the first plurality of legs may be arranged to meet or substantially meet at a point defined by the first connection arrangement. Thus, in some embodiments, the first plurality of legs may define a substantially pyramidal structure together with the first connection arrangement, with the first connection arrangement defining the apex of the substantially pyramidal structure. The first connection arrangement may comprise a plurality of components, such as struts, trusses and/or couplings.

The second connection arrangement may include a second top member that substantially defines a second top of the second plurality of legs.

For example, in some embodiments, the second plurality of legs may also form or meet at an apex. As described in more detail below, in some embodiments, the second plurality of legs may form a pair of sheer legs or A-frames together with the second apex member.

The elongated structure may extend beneath the first apex and/or the second apex.

Advantageously, by extending beneath the first apex and/or the second apex, the first and second erectable structures may provide a maximum amount of structural support to the elongated structure, thereby ensuring that the lifting arrangement can lift a sufficiently heavy load without damaging or unduly distorting the first and second erectable structures.

The first erectable structure may comprise a tripod body or tripod arrangement. The first plurality of legs may have exactly three legs.

In some examples, the first erectable structure may substantially correspond to a (erectable, e.g. vertically erectable) structure of the first aspect.

The first erectable structure may have a tetrapod or arrangement. The first plurality of legs may have exactly four legs.

That is, in some embodiments, the first erectable structure may be formed, for example, from one or more gantry cranes, etc.

The second erectable structure may comprise a tripod or tripod arrangement. The second plurality of legs may have exactly three legs.

In some examples, both the first and second erectable structures may each include a tripod arrangement.

The second erectable structure may comprise a pair of shear legs. The second erectable structure may comprise a pair of shear legs or an A-frame arrangement. The second plurality of legs may have exactly two legs.

Advantageously, the A-frame or pair of sheer legs provide an easily installable and foldable support structure, requiring only two legs, thereby reducing cost, complexity and installation time for a tripod arrangement.

In certain embodiments, the first erectable structure may be implemented as a tripod arrangement having three legs, and the second erectable structure may be implemented as a pair of sheer legs or an A-frame arrangement.

Each leg of the first plurality of legs may be attached to the first connection arrangement at or substantially at a respective first end.

Each leg of the second plurality of legs may be attached to the second connection arrangement at or substantially at a respective first end.

The first and/or second connection arrangements may each comprise one or more components. For example, the first and/or second connection arrangements may each comprise a truss, strut, etc., and may be coupled to the legs by a coupling such as a pin, bolt, etc.

Each leg of the first and second pluralities of legs may be provided with a mud mat at a respective second end. Optionally, the/each mud mat may be selectively buoyant or submersible.

In some exemplary embodiments, the mud mat may be shared between at least one leg of the first plurality of legs and at least one leg of the second plurality of legs.

Each leg of the second plurality of legs may be hingedly connected to a respective mud mat at the second end.

That is, each leg of the second plurality of legs may be configured or configurable to pivot at the second end relative to a respective mud mat.

The elongated structure may comprise a beam or truss. Optionally, the elongated structure may comprise a rail, channel or guide along which at least a portion of the lifting arrangement may be configured to move or be conveyed.

The cantilevered portion of the elongated structure may extend from the second erectable structure in a direction away from the first extendable structure.

In one example use, the cantilevered portion may be used to install blades on a wind turbine structure.

Optionally, the cantilevered portion may be a tapered portion.

In one example, the cantilevered portion may be tapered because the cantilevered portion has a smaller weight support requirement than the main portion of the elongated structure. In a non-limiting example, the main portion of the elongated structure may be configured, e.g., with suitable dimensions and structural integrity, to support a weight in the region of 1200 tons, which may be sufficient to lift a portion of a tower structure and/or a nacelle of a wind turbine. In such a non-limiting example, the tapered cantilevered portion of the elongated structure may be configured, e.g., with suitable dimensions and structural integrity, to support a weight in the region of 200 tons, which may be sufficient to lift a blade of a wind turbine structure.

Advantageously, tapered sections require less material than non-tapered sections and incur less associated weight and manufacturing costs.

The lifting arrangement may comprise an arrangement for connecting or supporting parts of the structure to be assembled.

For example, the lifting arrangement may comprise at least one of a pulley, a winch, a line, a hook, etc. The lifting arrangement may comprise a device, such as a lifting clamp, a gripping device, a support platform, a cage, etc., for supporting and/or holding and/or clamping a component to be lifted by the lifting arrangement.

The lifting arrangement may comprise one or more hooks or shackles.

The lifting arrangement may comprise a single point lifting arrangement.

The lifting arrangement may comprise one or more pulley and/or winch arrangements.

At least one or each of the first and/or second plurality of legs may comprise a lattice or truss arrangement.

Each leg of the first and/or second plurality of legs may be configured to be extendable.

Optionally, each leg of the first and/or second plurality of legs may be configured to be extended by insertion of an extension portion into the respective leg.

In some examples, the extension of one or more legs may be accomplished without substantially collapsing or substantially disassembling either the first or second structures. For example, the extension of the legs may be accomplished by insertion of an extension portion that supports the legs, lengthens the legs, such as by providing gaps or spaces between portions of the legs, and may comprise at least one beam, truss, strut, or the like.

According to a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a system for assembling a structure, such as a wind turbine or jacket, comprising an apparatus according to the ninth aspect.

The system may comprise a first body for transporting one or more portions of the structure to an assembly area provided below at least a portion of the lifting arrangement. The first body may be a buoyant or floatable body. Optionally, the system may comprise a first stabilizing arrangement for stabilizing the first body against a bottom or floor of the body of water below the lifting arrangement.

The first body may comprise, for example, a barge, a ship, etc.

The system may comprise a second body for assembling the structure. Optionally, the system may comprise a second stabilizing arrangement for stabilizing the second body against the bottom or floor of the body of water below the lifting arrangement. Optionally, the second body may be a buoyant or floatable body.

The second body may comprise, for example, a barge, a ship, etc.

Advantageously, by stabilizing the second body, the structure may be efficiently assembled on a stationary platform support. This may reduce the risk of damage to components of the structure during assembly, may mitigate the effects of weather, tides, currents, etc. on the assembly procedure, and may simplify the assembly process.

Similarly, in embodiments where the first body is also stabilized, the structural components may be lifted off the effectively stationary body and assembled on an effectively stationary platform support, such as a stationary-stationary lift. Again, this may further reduce the risk of damage to the structural components during assembly, may mitigate the effects of weather, tides, currents, etc. on the assembly procedure, and may simplify the assembly process.

The first and/or second stabilizing arrangement may comprise at least one panel or member. At least one panel or member may comprise an inflatable element. At least one panel or member, e.g., an inflatable element, may comprise at least one layer of drop stitch material, e.g., drop stitch inflatable material.

In one example, the drop stitch material, or a panel, member, element, etc. formed from the drop stitch material, may be configured to adopt a particular desired shape or configuration when expanded. Further, the drop stitch material (or said element, member, etc. formed from such material) may be substantially rigid when expanded.

For example, a panel or stack of panels of drop stitch material may provide temporary buoyancy beneath the first or second body instead of (or in some exemplary embodiments, in addition to) using a barge or watercraft.

Advantageously, the use of drop stitch material may provide a means of having a controllable amount of air and therefore a controllable means of generating a stabilizing buoyancy.

In one example, an inflatable bag, the volume of which can be controlled, may be placed under the body, e.g., under the hull of the body, and then inflated, thereby reducing the draft. The body can then be lowered to the seabed using variable buoyancy, e.g., in the same way as a submersible barge.

According to an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of deploying an apparatus for assembling a structure such as a wind turbine or jacket. The method comprises providing an apparatus according to the ninth aspect to or at an assembly area or location. The method comprises deploying/erecting the apparatus.

Deploying/erecting the device may include erecting a first erectable structure such that, when erected, the first erectable structure stands/rests on the bottom of the body of water.

Deploying/erecting the device may include erecting a second erectable structure such that, when erected, the second erectable structure stands/rests on the bottom of the body of water.

In one example, the second erectable structure may be erected using at least one line or chain extending from and/or through the first erectable structure. That is, the legs of the second erectable structure may be assembled and/or joined in a first position, e.g., a substantially horizontal arrangement, and then one or more lines may be used to apply a traction force to the second erectable structure to move it to a second position, e.g., a more upright orientation.

Deploying/erecting the apparatus may include using a final lifting device, such as a lifting device coupled to the first erectable structure and/or the second erectable structure, to lift the elongated structure.

Deploying/erecting the device may include coupling the elongated structure to the first and second erectable structures.

In certain embodiments, the elongated structure may be raised and coupled to the first erectable structure and the second erectable structure after erection of the first erectable structure and the second erectable structure.

In some embodiments, the elongated structure may be configured to be separated and/or lowered from the first and second erectable structures, for example, without collapsing or disassembling the first and second erectable structures. Advantageously, this may allow the elongated structure to be transported for maintenance.

In some embodiments, the elongated structure may be configured to erect, e.g., lift, itself from a support, e.g., a barge, to a position for coupling to the first and second erectable structures. For example, a lifting arrangement, e.g., a lifting arrangement typically used for assembly of structures that may be coupled to the elongated structure, may be configured to lift the elongated structure to a position suitable for coupling the elongated structure to the first and second erectable structures.

Furthermore, such a stationary-stationary lift arrangement may advantageously allow for the use of relatively shallow assembly ports.

The elongated structure may be provided with a lifting arrangement. The lifting arrangement may be configurable to transfer a load along the elongated structure between the first and second erectable structures. After deployment/erecting of the apparatus, the lifting arrangement may be provided above the surface level of the body of water.

Erecting the second erectable structure may include coupling an end of each of the second plurality of legs to a respective support structure, such as a mud mat, in a hinged arrangement. Each of the second plurality of legs may be arranged to extend in a first direction in a first, or folded, or stowed state.

Deploying/erecting the device may include transitioning the second erectable structure from a first, or folded, or stowed state to a second, or extended state by rotating each of the second plurality of legs about a hinged arrangement such that each of the second plurality of legs is disposed to extend in a second direction.

The second direction may be more upright than the first direction.

That is, in one example, the first direction may be substantially horizontal and the second direction may be closer to vertical than the first direction.

In some examples, the second erectable structure may be lowered and/or folded and/or disassembled when not in use. Advantageously, this may reduce visual intrusion. In examples, the second erectable structure may be lowered and/or folded and/or disassembled by pivoting the second erectable structure on a hinged position point and/or by reacting from the first erectable structure.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of assembling a structure, such as a wind turbine or jacket. The method may include deploying an apparatus according to the method of the eleventh aspect.

The method may include disposing a first base or body in an assembly area substantially below at least a portion of the first erectable structure.

The method may include disposing a second base or body in an assembly area substantially below at least a portion of the second erectable structure.

The method may include assembling the structure by configuring a lifting arrangement to lift components of the structure from a first base or body toward a second base or body.

The first base or body may comprise a floating/buoyant barge or vessel for transporting the components.

Disposing the first base or body in the assembly area may include stabilizing the first base or body against a bottom or floor of the body of water below the lifting arrangement.

Stabilizing the first base or body may include configuring a stabilizing arrangement, such as a jack, to limit movement of the first base or body relative to the bottom or floor. As mentioned above, in some embodiments, the stabilizing arrangement may comprise a panel or member comprising an inflatable element and/or a drop stitch material.

Stabilizing the first base or body may include anchoring the first base or body.

The second base or body may comprise a floating/buoyant vessel, such as a floater for a wind turbine, to support the assembled structure.

Disposing the second base or body in the assembly area may include stabilizing the second base or body against a bottom or floor of the body of water below the lifting arrangement.

Optionally, stabilizing the second base or body may include disposing the second base or body on a grounded vessel.

Optionally, stabilizing the second base or body may include disposing the second base or body on a buoyant vessel.

Optionally, stabilizing the second base or body may include disposing the second base or body on the seabed.
As mentioned above, in some embodiments, a stabilizing arrangement for stabilizing the second base or body, e.g., a floater, may comprise a panel or member comprising an expandable element and/or a drop stitch material.

Optionally, stabilizing the first base or body may include controlling the volume or air within one or more expandable elements disposed beneath and/or around at least a portion of the second base or body.

Advantageously, this may allow for the use of more assembly locations, as the assembled structure, e.g. the turbine, may be floated from a second base or body to a deep water location.

Optionally, stabilizing the second base or body may include anchoring the second base or body.

Optionally, stabilizing the second base or body may include controlling the volume or air within one or more expandable elements disposed beneath and/or around at least a portion of the second base or body.

The structure may comprise or include the following: multiple parts or components, segmented (offshore) structures, floating/buoyant foundations, monopiles, and jackets, e.g., tripod jackets, four-legged jackets or torsion jackets.

In the case of a structure comprising a wind turbine, the wind turbine may comprise multiple parts or components comprising one or more of the following: a column or tower section, a nacelle, and multiple turbine blades.

The above summary is intended to be merely illustrative and non-limiting. The present disclosure includes one or more corresponding aspects, embodiments or features, whether or not specifically mentioned (including claimed) in that combination or alone, alone or in various combinations. It is to be understood that the features defined above according to any aspect of the present disclosure, or the features defined below with respect to any particular embodiment of the present disclosure, may be utilized alone or in combination with any other defined features in any other aspect or embodiment, or to form further aspects or embodiments of the present disclosure.

Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for assembling an offshore structure according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure, the apparatus being transported to an offshore assembly/installation area. 2 is a series of views of the apparatus of FIG. 1 deployed at an offshore location including an area of water. 2 is a series of views of the apparatus of FIG. 1 deployed at an offshore location including an area of water. 2 is a series of views of the apparatus of FIG. 1 deployed at an offshore location including an area of water. 2 is a series of views of the apparatus of FIG. 1 deployed at an offshore location including an area of water. 2 is a series of views of the apparatus of FIG. 1 deployed at an offshore location including an area of water. FIG. 1 is a diagram of the device deployed in an area of water. FIG. 1 is a diagram of the device deployed in an area of water. FIG. 2 is a diagram of the apparatus of FIG. 1 with the offshore structure erected in an area of water. FIG. 5 is a detailed view of the top of the erected device of FIG. 4. 5 is a series of schematic diagrams illustrating successive steps in erecting the offshore structure of FIG. 4; 5 is a series of schematic diagrams illustrating successive steps in erecting the offshore structure of FIG. 4; 5 is a series of schematic diagrams illustrating successive steps in erecting the offshore structure of FIG. 4; 5 is a series of schematic diagrams illustrating successive steps in erecting the offshore structure of FIG. 4; 5 is a series of schematic diagrams illustrating successive steps in erecting the offshore structure of FIG. 4; 5A-5C are schematic diagrams of a series of steps in assembling an offshore structure using an apparatus for assembling an offshore structure according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure; 5A-5C are schematic diagrams of a series of steps in assembling an offshore structure using an apparatus for assembling an offshore structure according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure; 5A-5C are schematic diagrams of a series of steps in assembling an offshore structure using an apparatus for assembling an offshore structure according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure; 2 is a schematic diagram of a series of steps in assembling an alternative offshore structure using the apparatus of FIG. 1; 2 is a schematic diagram of a series of steps in assembling an alternative offshore structure using the apparatus of FIG. 1; Figure 9(a) is a front view, (b) is a perspective view from one side and above, and (c) is a site view of an offshore wind turbine assembled using a device/apparatus according to the present disclosure. FIG. 13 is a side view of an apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure with an offshore wind turbine in situ. FIG. 13 is a perspective view from one side and above of an apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure with an offshore wind turbine in situ. FIG. 13 is a further perspective view from one side and above of an apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure with an offshore wind turbine in situ. FIG. 13 is another further perspective view from one side and above of an apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure with an offshore wind turbine in situ. FIG. 10(a)-(d) is a perspective view of the main and auxiliary lifting gears of the apparatus of FIG. FIG. 10(a)-(d) is a side view of the main and auxiliary lifting gears of the apparatus of FIG. FIG. 10(a)-(d) is a side view of the main and auxiliary lifting gears of the apparatus of FIG. 10(a)-10(d) are a series of views of the tagging winch of the apparatus of FIG. 10(a)-(d). 10(a)-10(d) are a series of views of the tagging winch of the apparatus of FIG. 10(a)-(d). 10(a)-10(d) are a series of views of the tagging winch of the apparatus of FIG. 10(a)-(d). 10(a)-10(d) are a series of views of the tagging winch of the apparatus of FIG. 10(a)-(d). 10(a)-10(d) are a series of views showing the erection or stand-up of the apparatus of FIG. 10(a)-FIG. 10(d). 10(a)-10(d) are a series of views showing the erection or stand-up of the apparatus of FIG. 10(a)-FIG. 10(d). 10(a)-10(d) are a series of views showing the erection or stand-up of the apparatus of FIG. 10(a)-FIG. 10(d). 10(a)-10(d) are a series of views showing the erection or stand-up of the apparatus of FIG. 10(a)-FIG. 10(d). 10(a)-10(d) are a series of views showing the erection or stand-up of the apparatus of FIG. 10(a)-FIG. 10(d). 10(a)-10(d) are a series of views showing the erection or stand-up of the apparatus of FIG. 10(a)-FIG. 10(d). 10(a)-10(d) are a series of views showing the erection or stand-up of the apparatus of FIG. 10(a)-FIG. 10(d). 10(a)-10(d) are a series of views showing the erection or stand-up of the apparatus of FIG. 10(a)-FIG. 10(d). 10(a)-10(d) are a series of views showing the erection or stand-up of the apparatus of FIG. 10(a)-FIG. 10(d). FIG. 13 is a side view showing an offshore wind turbine in situ of an apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a running gear module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 16 is a diagrammatic view of the running gear module of FIG. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for assembling an offshore structure according to a ninth embodiment of the present disclosure, the apparatus being deployed to an assembly/installation area with components of the offshore structure disposed on first and second assemblies. FIG. 17 is a view of the apparatus of FIG. 16 with the offshore structure components partially erected. FIG. 17 is a view of the apparatus of FIG. 16 with the offshore structure components partially erected. FIG. 17 is a view of the apparatus of FIG. 16 with the lifting arrangement deployed and attached to a component of the offshore structure. FIG. 17 is a view of the apparatus of FIG. 16 with the lifting arrangement deployed and attached to a component of the offshore structure. FIG. 13 is a side view of a second body for assembling the offshore structure in a floatable configuration. FIG. 13 is a side view of a second body for assembling the offshore structure in a floatable configuration. FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a second body for assembling the offshore structure in a floatable configuration. FIG. 20 is a side view of the body of FIG. 19 in a grounded configuration. FIG. 20 is a side view of the body of FIG. 19 in a grounded configuration. FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the body of FIG. 19 in a grounded configuration. FIG. 20 is a side view of the body of FIG. 19 in a grounded configuration with components of the on-site offshore structure. FIG. 20 is a side view of the body of FIG. 19 in a grounded configuration with components of the on-site offshore structure. FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the body of FIG. 19 in a grounded configuration with components of the on-site offshore structure. 20A and 20B are perspective and side views of the body of FIG. 19 in a floatable configuration with on-site offshore structure components. 20A and 20B are perspective and side views of the body of FIG. 19 in a floatable configuration with on-site offshore structure components. 17 is a series of perspective views illustrating the lifting of a component of an offshore structure from a first to a second assembly using the apparatus of FIG. 16; 17 is a series of perspective views illustrating the lifting of a component of an offshore structure from a first to a second assembly using the apparatus of FIG. 16; 17 is a series of perspective views illustrating the lifting of a component of an offshore structure from a first to a second assembly using the apparatus of FIG. 16; 17 is a series of perspective views illustrating the lifting of a component of an offshore structure from a first to a second assembly using the apparatus of FIG. 16; FIG. 17 is a perspective view of an offshore wind turbine in situ of the apparatus of FIG.

Referring initially to Figures 1-6(e), there is shown a device/apparatus generally designated 5 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. The device/apparatus 5 is adapted to assemble an offshore structure 10 (see Figures 4 and 6(e)), such as a wind turbine or (offshore) wind turbine (generator).

In this embodiment, the device/apparatus 5 is used in assembling a structure 10 which is an offshore wind turbine. However, it will be appreciated that the structure may be another offshore structure, for example an offshore jacket. The device/apparatus 5 comprises a (vertically) erectable structure 15 and a lifting arrangement 20.

The device/apparatus 5 comprises or provides an assembly area 25, e.g. when erected, below the lifting arrangement 20, e.g. on the surface of the water area. Alternatively, the assembly area can be on the surface of a land/terrestrial area, e.g. a quayside. The assembly area 25 is provided within a perimeter, area or volume of the device/apparatus 5. The lifting arrangement 20 is provided above the assembly area 25, advantageously directly above the assembly area 25.

The erectable structure 15 can be disposed in a first, or folded, state (see FIG. 1). The first state facilitates movement or transportation of the device/apparatus 5. The erectable structure 15 can be disposed in a second, extended, or erected state (see FIGS. 3(a)-6(e)). The erectable structure 15 can be extended or selectively moved from the first state to the second state. The erectable structure 15 can be folded or further selectively moved from the second state to the first state. This selective arrangement facilitates the erectable structure 15 being transported in a folded state to a location for assembling the structure 10, i.e., to an assembly area, and then extended and erected at that location. Furthermore, this selective arrangement can facilitate the erectable being folded and/or removed from the assembly area 25 after the structure 10 is assembled.

In another embodiment (see Figures 8(a)-13(i)), the structure can be assembled and/or erected on site or in-situ. This embodiment facilitates portions of the structure being transported to the site individually, or at least unassembled, for assembly on site.

The structure 15 comprises a number of legs 35, 36, 37 and/or a top (member) 50. The legs 35, 36, 37 are connected or connectable to the top (member) 50.

The lifting arrangement 20 is, in use, provided below the top (member) 50, for example directly below.

In this preferred embodiment, the device/apparatus 5 comprises a tripod body 30 or tripod arrangement. Alternatively, the device/apparatus 5 can comprise a tetrapod body. The tripod body 30 comprises three legs 35, 36, 37. Each of the three legs 35, 36, 37 is attached at a first end 40 to a connecting member 45, for example hinged. The connecting member 45 comprises a top 50 of the tripod body 30. The lifting arrangement 20 is attached to the connecting member 45 or top 50 and/or depends (vertically downwards) therefrom in use. In this way, the lifting arrangement 20 is provided between the three legs 35, 36, 37. Each leg 35, 36, 37 is provided at a second end with a mud mat 38. The/each mud mat 38 can be selectively buoyant or submersible.

The lifting arrangement 20 comprises an arrangement 55 for connecting or supporting the part of the offshore structure 10 to be lifted. The connecting arrangement 55 comprises one or more hooks, shackles, etc. Thus, the lifting arrangement 20 provides a single point lifting arrangement with a single lifting point for supporting a load, e.g. a part/component of the structure 10.

The lifting arrangement 20 comprises one or more pulley arrangements 60 and/or winches.

Referring to Figures 7(a) and 7(c), a device/apparatus 5a according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The device/apparatus 5a of the second embodiment is similar to the device/apparatus 5 of the first embodiment, and like parts are identified by like numerals but suffixed with the letter "a."

In the device/apparatus 5a, one or more lines 65a, 66a, 67a (control/tethering/tagging lines) are provided between at least one, and preferably each, of the legs 35a, 36a, 37a, the lines being adapted to be connected to a load (e.g. part of a structure) to be lifted by the lifting arrangement.

Referring to Figures 8(a) and 8(b), a device/apparatus 5 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. In this example, the device/apparatus is used to assemble an offshore jacket 12.

In both the first and second embodiments, the legs 35, 36, 37; 35a, 36a, 37a of the device/apparatus 5; 5a have a (metal) lattice arrangement.

Referring now to Figures 9(a)-13(i), a device/apparatus 5b according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The third embodiment device/apparatus 5b is similar to the first embodiment device/apparatus 5, and like parts are identified with like numerals but suffixed with the letter "b."

For device/equipment 5b, the components of the device/equipment are assembled on-site, i.e. in assembly area 25b.

Connecting part 68b is provided at the intersection of lines 65a, 66b, and 67b.

At or near the ends of the legs 35b, 36b, 37b distal from the apex 50b, there are further lines or cables 145b extending circumferentially between adjacent legs 35b, 36b, 37b.

At or near the end of each leg 35b, 36b, 37b, another further line 150 may be provided, which further lines 35b, 36b, 37b extend (horizontally) to meet at the (base) centre point of the device/apparatus 5b, e.g. below the top 50b.

In this embodiment, an auxiliary winch 75'b is provided.

The present disclosure provides a system for assembling an offshore structure (such as a wind turbine or jacket), the system comprising devices/apparatus 5, 5a, 5b.

The system comprises a floating or buoyant body 70 for transporting one or more parts of the offshore structure to the assembly area 25.

The system may, for example, include one or more winches 75 for controlling the lifting arrangement.

The one or more winches 75 can be provided on the further buoyant or floatable body 80. The further buoyant or floatable body 80 is adapted to be fastened to the legs 35 of the device/apparatus 5. For example, the further buoyant or floatable body 80 comprises a slot or recess 85 for engaging with the legs 35 of the device/apparatus 5. The slot 85 can also receive a connecting member during transport of the device/apparatus when in the folded state.

The present disclosure provides a method for deploying a (floating/buoyant) offshore structure, such as a wind turbine, a device/apparatus 5, 5a, 5b for assembling an (offshore) structure 10, such as a wind turbine or a jacket. The method comprises:
Providing the device/apparatus 5, 5a, 5b at or to an assembly area 25 or location;
Deploying/erecting the device/apparatus 5, 5a.

In the disclosed embodiment, the assembly area 25, 25a, 25b or location is an area of water. Also, in the disclosed embodiment, the device/apparatus 5, 5a, 5b stands/rests on the bottom of the body of water 86, e.g., the seabed 90, when erected. Also, the top 50 and the lifting arrangement 20 are provided above the surface level 95 of the body of water 86.

The step of providing the devices/equipment 5, 5a, 5b to the assembly area 25, 25a, 25b includes the use of one or more vessels or barges 100.

The present disclosure provides a method of assembling a structure or wind turbine, such as an offshore structure 10, a wind turbine or a jacket, the method comprising:
- deploying the device/apparatus 5, 5a, 5b according to the method described above;
transporting a first portion 105 of the offshore structure 10 to an assembly area;
Lifting the first portion 105 using the lifting arrangement 20;
Transporting the floating/buoyant base or foundation body 110 to an assembly area 25;
connecting/clamping the first portion 105 of the structure 10 to a floating/buoyant base body.

The method comprises the following subsequent steps:
transporting additional portions of the structure 10 to an assembly area 25;
Lifting the further portion using the lifting arrangement 20; and
Transporting the floating/buoyant base body to an assembly area 25;
and lowering and/or connecting a further portion of the structure to a first/one portion of the structure already provided on the floating/buoyant base body 110.

The structure 10 (including the floating base body 110) is a floating structure.

The structure 10 comprises:
A plurality of parts or components;
A segmented (offshore) structure;
A floating/buoyant foundation;
Monopile and
A wind turbine (see Figures 4 and 6(a) to 6(e) or (a) to 7(c) );
and a jacket (see Figures 8(a) and 8(b)), for example a tripod jacket, a four-legged jacket or a torsion jacket.

In the case of a structure 10 comprising a wind turbine, the parts are:
a column or tower, e.g., first and second column sections 115, 120 (e.g., about 400-500 tons each);
A nacelle 125 (e.g., about 60 tons);
It comprises one or more of a plurality of turbine blades, for example three turbine blades 130, 131, 132 (for example, about 60 tons each);

In such a case, there is a given number of parts (6) and therefore a demand for the same given number of lifts (6).

In the embodiment shown in Figures 9(a)-13(i), the method includes using towers 140, posts or columns to support (parts of) the structure during assembly.

Arrangements may be provided for extending or increasing the height of the towers 140, posts or columns during use, for example at intervals, to raise the structure 10b and/or the tops 50b of the structure 10b, for example the towers may be telescopic.

Typically, blades 130, 131, and 122 are raised horizontally.

According to the present disclosure, there is provided a method for assembling an (offshore) structure 10, such as an (offshore) wind turbine or an (offshore) jacket. The method comprises the following steps:

Providing a lifting arrangement 20, the lifting arrangement comprising:

a gantry disposed above and/or directly above the area of water;
a lifting means or device coupled to the gantry;
Stacking portions of a structure 10, comprising:
transportably disposing a first portion of the structure 10 against or in an area of water;
Lifting the first portion using a lifting means;
configuring a clamping or holding device 135 to grasp the first portion;
transporting the clamping or holding device away from the area of water;
Lifting a second portion of the structure 10 using a lifting means or device;
disposing the first portion below or adjacent to the second portion by further transporting the first portion gripped by the clamping device 135 to the area of water;
and stacking by lowering the second portion onto or in connection with the first portion.

The step of lifting the second portion using a lifting means or device includes hoisting and/or raising the second portion upwardly to a height above the uppermost level of the first portion.

The method includes fixedly coupling the second portion to the first portion by bolting, welding, and/or clamping.

The structure 10 can be, for example, a wind turbine assembly, such as an offshore wind turbine, or a jacket, such as an offshore jacket, for supporting a wind turbine.

The first part and/or the second part and/or the one or more further parts may be at least one of a part of a tower or a nacelle or a turbine blade.

The method comprises depositing one/further portion on the second portion,

lifting the further portion using a lifting means; and
disposing a second portion of the structure beneath the further portion by conveying the second portion to an area of water;
and lowering the additional portion onto the second portion.

The clamping device may be provided on a floating or buoyant body, for example a buoyant base or a (top) crown assembly.

The clamp 135 or clamping device is configured to support and/or clamp and/or grip at least a portion of the structure 10 in a vertical arrangement and/or substantially upright configuration.

The present disclosure provides a system for assembling a structure 10, such as an (offshore) wind turbine or an (offshore) jacket. The system comprises:
a gantry disposed above and/or directly above the area of water;
a lifting means coupled to the gantry;
and means for transporting a portion of the structure 10 to and from the area of water, the means for transporting the portion of the structure comprising a clamping or holding device 135.
The clamping or holding device 135 is configurable between a clamping or holding configuration for gripping a portion of the structure 10 and a non-clamping or non-holding configuration.
The clamping device 135 is coupled to or mounted to a floating or buoyant base body 110, for example a buoyant foundation or (top) crown assembly or barge.
The lifting means comprises a winch 75 and/or a pulley or pulley arrangement 60 .
The system is adapted to assemble an offshore wind turbine assembly or a wind turbine assembly or jacket, such as an offshore jacket assembly, for example for a wind turbine.
The system includes a clamping and/or gripping system, the clamping and/or gripping system comprising:
a clamping device 135 for gripping at least a portion of the wind turbine assembly;
and a floating or buoyant base body 110, where the clamping device is mounted to the floating or buoyant base body 110.
The clamping device 135 is configured to support at least a portion of the wind turbine assembly or the jacket assembly in a vertical arrangement and/or in a substantially upright configuration.

The clamping device 135 is configured to engage a flange or rim disposed on an outer surface of a portion of the structure 10.

Referring now to FIG. 14, there is shown a device/apparatus 5c according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. The fourth embodiment device/apparatus 5c is similar to the first embodiment device/apparatus 5, and like parts are identified with like numerals but suffixed with the letter "b."

In the fourth embodiment of the device/apparatus 5c, each leg 35c, 36c, 37c is provided with a support member 38. Three support members 38 are provided at or near the end of each of the legs 35c, 36c, 37c distal to the apex 50c. Each support member 38 is deployed in a substantially vertical arrangement in use. The support members provide support/strength to each leg 35c, 36c, 37c in a manner that tends to avoid buckling of the legs 35c, 36c, 37c.

With respect to the various embodiments of the present disclosure, the reader is advised to note the following.
1. The system creates a single point of sufficient height to lift the nacelle 125 to the top of the column of floating wind turbines, which is expected to be approximately 220m above sea level.
2. A single point lift may have multiple hooks of different capacities, e.g. 1000 tonnes and 120 tonnes, possibly suspended from the same location below the lifting point on a triplate arrangement.
3. The system is planned to be supported (moored) to the seabed.
4. The system is planned to be in water deep enough that a floating turbine support structure can be floatably positioned at the turbine location directly below the hook.
5. The structure supporting the hook may be freestanding.
6. The components can be placed under the hook using a floating vehicle - a barge or ship.
7. The marine transport is planned to be moored so that it can be moved under the hook without cutting the moorings and then released to the storage area. The position is moved by a winch that adjusts the length of the mooring line.
8. A floating structure is similarly moored and moved under the hook to install the wind turbine components.
9. The wind turbine components are lifted higher than their location on the floating structure and once the structure is positioned under the hooks the components are lowered into position on the floating structure.
10. The support structure may be realized by one of the following methods:
A tripod structure with pads to support it on the seabed.
b. Two pile towers with a beam at the top (similar to a wind turbine tower) span between the towers with a hook hanging from the beam. The towers may be angled so that the spacing is greater at the base than at the top since the floating structure is wider at the base than at the top. This reduces the size of the beam at the top. The support piles may also be angled to limit bending moments (axial compression forces) in the towers.
c) The tower may be a lattice structure.
d. The tower can be dismantled for ease of transportation.
11. The system is also used to install the blade, which is one of the reasons for the smaller hook.
12. The winch for the hook is at the base of the tower above the water line. Power for the winch can be on the tower or from another vessel or source.
13. The winch is most likely to be a multi-fault. It may be two winches with a common wire that allows adjusting the working point of the wire to extend its life. The winches may be on separate legs.
14. The hook may have some localized rear movement.
15. The hook has a swivel that can be powered.
16. There are various access platforms that allow access to the various components as needed to perform assembly operations. These may be retractable platforms that extend from their base points on the tower and can pivot and change height.
17. The tower may be floating when at sea or it may have fixed tanks.
18. There is a personnel transport system (lift) and equipment transport system on the inside or outside of at least one of the legs.

With respect to the embodiment in which the structure 10 is, for example, a jacket for a wind turbine, the reader will note the following:

Support jackets for offshore wind turbines are sometimes made in halves (upper and lower) and joined together before going offshore. A single point lift can be used for that purpose. In such cases the reader may note that:
1. The jacket is attached (moored) to the seabed.
2. The jackets can be brought to the assembly site in halves on a barge/ship.
3. A buoyant vehicle is placed below the lifting point and attached to the top of the jacket.
4. The top of the jacket is raised and suspended higher than the bottom of the jacket.
5. Move the buoyant vehicle so that the lower part of the jacket is below the upper part.
6. The top part is lowered and lands on the bottom of the jacket.
7. A permanent connection between the top and bottom is completed.

This can be particularly beneficial in locations with multiple bridges at the entrances to ports, etc.

In addition to the aforementioned attributes, notable features of the present disclosure include:
Single point lift, optionally with small travel (500mm).
Can be from:
- A gantry (fixed to the seabed), which may taper towards the top.
- Three legged tripod or four legged tetrapod, can have equal leg sizes and therefore equal angles, or different sized legs/angles.
- Because the lifting point is static, construction of the wind turbine tower (on a floating foundation) or jacket (on a barge or similar) is by moving the "float" or barge and tower/jacket components in and out under a single point lift. This can be via winch or vessel (tug), with winches being preferred to move the vessel away from the lifting structure.
Erecting the tripod/tetrapod can be by pushing from below/lifting from above the central tripod, possibly with tightening the connections between the legs.
- The tripod/tetrapod can be assembled dockside or at a pier and towed to the site, or towed to the site and partially assembled.
- The tripod/tetrapod may have buoyancy fitted around the structure (or as part of the structure itself) to aid in erection and may for example be partially assembled in water.
- The tripod/tetrapod may be mobile and transportable.
The device/equipment may be used for construction and/or subsequent maintenance.
The device/apparatus can be used onshore (although the inventors anticipate that the greatest benefit will come from offshore use in areas of sufficient depth, with sufficiently deep access channels, that are reasonably protected, close to the workforce, and close to marshalling and support port facilities).

It will be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure described above are given by way of example only and are not meant to limit its scope in any way.

It will be appreciated that in preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, the structure is a floating/buoyant structure and/or is provided on a floating/buoyant (base) body or foundation.

The device/apparatus according to the embodiment of the present disclosure comprises:
Unmanned lifting of structural parts,
- the landing of the structural parts in the assembly area without human intervention;
It will be appreciated that in use, it is not necessary and possible to position personnel underneath the lifting arrangement.

Figure 15a shows a perspective view of a running gear module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 15b shows a line diagram of the running gear module of Figure 15a. The layout actually has two top assemblies, the top holds the three legs together and supports the running gear module that can run up and down a structure such as a post or column, for example a tower 140. In one example, the weight of the running gear may be in the region of 250t, but the load it can generate may be the full capacity of a multi-fall hook. In an exemplary embodiment, a lifting force of 1000t, 1500t, or even more may be provided.

The top assembly 105 is shown. The top assembly 105 may be the center portion.

The three legs 110a, 110b, 110c of the erectable structure are also shown.

The top assembly 105 holds the three legs 110a, 110b, 110c together and supports a running gear module 115 that can run up and down a structure, for example, up and down a post or column such as a tower 140.

A first plurality of pin and clevis arrangements 120 are shown. The pin and clevis arrangements 120 connect the top assembly 105 to the three legs 110a, 110b, 110c.

Also shown is a hoist 125 for lifting the running gear module 115. In a non-limiting example, the hoist may have a 300 ton capacity.

As shown, when fully in place, the second multiple pin and clevis arrangement 130 may secure the running gear module 115 to a structure, such as the three legs 110a, 110b, 110c, thereby providing a mechanical connection.

With general reference to the above-described embodiments, and in particular the exemplary embodiment of Figures 15a and 15b,
1. The erection of the tripod (or multi-leg structure) may be assisted by a post mounted on the floating structure that passes through the middle part of the "tripod". The middle part of the structure may then be "walked" up the post, for example with a walking clamp or clamps, while simultaneously pulling the tension member between the middle and base of the legs or between the base of the legs. The post may first be on the floating structure with the top of the multi-leg structure placed around the post (the post may then be installed on the deck on the parts that will be joined together, or may be lowered on top of the post). The floating structure may be lowered to the seabed to provide a reaction to lift the multi-leg structure into place, or may be floating if it has sufficient buoyancy and stability capacity to react to the loads. The post may alternatively have a linear winch mounted on the top to lift the top of the multi-leg structure, or may have a return sheave with a winch on the deck. The post may have another post on the inside, so that when the top of the multi-leg structure reaches the top of the post, an inner post may be extended to continue the lifting process.
2. The multi-leg structure may be erected without any lifting machinery in place, which may then be lifted into place after the structure is erected.
3. An erectable structure may have some of its main structural components lifted into place following initial erection of the structure. These structural components may also form part of a platform for a lifting machine.
4. The lifting machine may be capable of being lowered and removed for any reason including, but not limited to, maintenance, repair, and storage.
5. The windscreen of a structure may be reduced by removing parts of the structure, especially the superstructure, for example roofs or safety areas for personnel that may only be needed during work.
6. Portions of the structure that are raised after the initial erection may be used to make the structure stiffer to reduce buckling loads.
7. In the case of a tripod, it is envisioned that there may be mud mat barges at the base of each leg. These barges may accommodate buoyancy that may extend from their decks, with their tops above the waterline when on the seabed.
8. This can help keep the mud mat barge in place.

The mud mat barge may be ballasted to provide lateral stability (from wind and tidal forces, etc.) during operation. This may be achieved by one of the following:
a. pumping in water or other dense material to provide a gravity anchor (e.g. mud or hematite) b. sheet piling around a mud mat barge c. pile anchors d. suction anchors e. dry anchors attached by chain, wire or rope f. anchoring a line to shore.

Referring now to FIG. 16, there is shown an apparatus generally designated 1005. The apparatus 1005 is adapted to assemble an offshore structure 1010 (see FIG. 24), such as a wind turbine or (offshore) wind turbine (generator).

In this embodiment, the apparatus 1005 is used in assembling a structure 1010 that is an offshore wind turbine. However, it will be appreciated that the structure may be another offshore structure, for example an offshore jacket. The apparatus 1005 comprises first and second (vertically or substantially vertically) erectable structures 1015, 1016, an elongated structure 1017, and a lifting arrangement 1020 (see Figures 17a-18b).

The device/apparatus 1005, when erected, defines an assembly area below the lifting arrangement 1020, e.g. above an area of water, e.g. the bottom or floor of a body of water, e.g. the ocean floor. Alternatively, the assembly area can be on a land/terrestrial area, e.g. the surface of a dock. The assembly area may be provided below, e.g. directly below, the lifting arrangement 1020, e.g. when erected.

The assembly area is provided within a perimeter, area or volume of the apparatus 1005. The lifting arrangement 1020 is provided above the assembly area, advantageously directly above the assembly area.

The first and second erectable structures 1015, 1016 can be arranged in a first or folded state. For example, FIG. 1 shows a structure corresponding to the first erectable structure 1015 in a folded state. The first state facilitates movement or transportation of the device 1005. The first and second erectable structures 1015, 1016 can be arranged in a second, extended, or erected state (see FIGS. 16-18(b)). The erectable structure 1015 can be extended or selectively moved from the first state to the second state. The first and second erectable structures 1015, 1016 can be folded or further selectively moved from the second state to the first state. This selective arrangement facilitates the first and second erectable structures 1015, 1016 being transported in a folded state to a location for assembling the structure 1010, i.e., an assembly site, and then being extended and erected at that location. Additionally, this selective arrangement may facilitate the first and second erectable structures 1015, 1016 being folded and/or removed from the assembly site after the structure 1010 is assembled.

The first and second erectable structures 1015, 1016 may be similar to the erectable structure 15 of the first embodiment of the present disclosure. The first structure 1015 comprises a first plurality of legs 1035, 1036, 1037 and/or a first connection arrangement 1050. The legs 1035, 1036, 1037 are connected or connectable to the first connection arrangement 1050. The second structure 1016 comprises a second plurality of legs 1033, 1034 and/or a second connection arrangement 1051. The legs 1033, 1034 are connected or connectable to the second connection arrangement 1051.

The first and/or second connection arrangements 1050, 1051 may comprise a top member, such as the top member 50 of the first embodiment of the present disclosure. The top members of the first and second connection arrangements 1050, 1051 may define first and second tops 1052, 1053 of the first and second plurality of legs, respectively.

The elongated structure 1017 extends between the first and second erectable structures 1015, 1016. The elongated structure 1017 is preferably connected or connectable to the first and second erectable structures 1015, 1016 by first and second connecting arrangements 1050, 1051, respectively, and more preferably extends directly beneath the first and second connecting arrangements 1050, 1051.

In this embodiment, the first standable structure 1015 comprises a tripod 1030 or tripod arrangement and the second standable structure 1016 comprises a pair of shear legs 1031. Alternatively, the first standable structure 1015 may comprise a tetrapod and/or the second standable structure 1016 may comprise an A-frame, tripod or tetrapod. The exemplary tripod 1030 comprises three legs 1035, 1036, 1037. Each of the three legs 1035, 1036, 1037 is attached at a first end 1040 to a first connection arrangement 1050, e.g., hinged. The exemplary shear leg 1031 comprises two legs 1033, 1034. Each of the two legs 1033, 1034 is attached at a first end 1041 to a second connection arrangement 1051, for example hinged or fixedly attached.

Each leg 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037 is provided with a mud mat 1038 at a second end. Alternatively, as shown in this exemplary embodiment, one or more legs, e.g. 1034 and 1036, may share a mud mat 1038. The/each mud mat 1038 may be selectively buoyant or submersible. Each leg 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037 may be hingedly coupled to its respective (or shared) mud mat 1038 such that it is configured or configurable to pivot at a second end relative to its respective (or shared) mud mat 1038. In this embodiment, the legs 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037 of the device 1005 comprise a (metal) lattice arrangement.

In this embodiment, legs 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037 are fixed length. Alternatively, one or more of legs 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037 may be configured to be extendable and/or may be configured to extend by inserting an extension portion into the respective leg.

In this exemplary embodiment, the elongated structure 1017 comprises a beam with a cantilevered portion extending from the second erectable structure 1016 in a direction away from the first erectable structure 1015. Alternatively, the elongated structure 1017 may comprise a truss and/or the cantilevered portion may comprise a tapered portion (see elongated structure 1017a in Figures 17a/b).

Referring now to Figures 17a-18b, an apparatus 1005 according to a ninth embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. In this example, a lifting arrangement 1020 is used to lift the assembled column portions 1115, 1120 of the structure 1010.

The lifting arrangement 1020 is configured/configurable to move a load, e.g. assembled column portions 1115, 1120, along the elongated structure between the first and second erectable structures 1015, 1016. The lifting arrangement 1020 comprises an arrangement 1055 for connecting or supporting the portion of the offshore structure 1010 to be lifted. The connecting arrangement 1055 comprises one or more hooks, shackles, etc. Thus, the lifting arrangement 1020 provides a single point lifting arrangement, e.g. with a single lifting point for supporting a load, e.g. a part/component of the structure 1010, e.g. assembled column portions 1115, 1120, etc.

The lifting arrangement 1020 includes one or more pulley arrangements 1060 and/or winches.

Referring now to Figures 17a to 24, there is provided a system according to a tenth aspect of the present disclosure for assembling a structure such as a wind turbine or jacket, comprising an apparatus 1005 according to the ninth aspect.

The system comprises a first body 1070 for transporting one or more parts of the structure 1010, e.g., assembled column parts 1115, 1120, to an assembly area provided below at least a portion of the lifting arrangement 1020.

In this exemplary embodiment, the first body 1070 is a floating or buoyant body, such as one or more barges, vessels, etc. The first body 1070 may be stabilized against the bottom or floor of the body of water below the lifting arrangement 1020 using a first stabilization arrangement, such as a jack, mooring or anchor arrangement (not shown) that limits movement of the first body 1070 relative to the seabed or floor.

The system further comprises a second body 1071 for transporting one or more parts of the structure 1010, such as the floating/buoyant base or foundation body 1110, to an assembly area provided below at least a portion of the lifting arrangement 1020 and/or for assembling the structure 1010.

19a-20c show an exemplary embodiment of the second body 1071 according to the system of the present embodiment. In this exemplary embodiment, the second body 1071 is a selectively submersible body comprising a plurality of submersible barges, vessels, etc. 1100 coupled together with a plurality of high capacity beams 1101. The second body may comprise an upper structure 1102 for supporting and/or mounting one or more portions of the structure 1010 during transportation of the portions to an assembly area and/or during construction of the structure 1010. The upper structure 1102 is preferably configurable such that the upper structure 1102 is above the waterline when the second body 1071 is submerged in water (see Figs. 20a-20b).

Alternatively, the second body 1071 may be a buoyant or floatable body. The second body 1071 may be stabilized against the bottom or floor of the body of water below the lifting arrangement 1020 using a second stabilizing arrangement.

21a-22b show an exemplary embodiment of a second body 1071 on which a floating/buoyant base or foundation body 1110 of the structure 1010 rests, is coupled and/or attached. In use, the second body 1071 is selectively submerged such that the floating base 1110 can be positioned above the submerged second body 1071. The base 1110 is then attached and/or coupled to the second body using a number of large capacity beams 1101 and/or a superstructure 1102 such that the base 1110 is securely coupled to the second body 1071.

The second body 1071 may then be selectively floated (see Figures 22a and 22b), thereby lifting the base 1110 above the water level so that it can be transported to an assembly area.

23a-23d, a system according to a tenth embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. In this example, the system is used to lift assembled column sections 1115, 1120 onto a floating base 1110 of a structure 1010 that rests on a second body 1071.

As described above with reference to Figures 21a-22b, the buoyant base 1110 is loaded onto the second body 1071 and transported to an assembly area. The second body 1071 is positioned below the elongated structure 1017a (see Figure 23a). The second body 1071 may then be selectively submerged (see Figure 23b) to be disposed on the seabed which stabilizes the second body 1071.

The lifting arrangement 1020 is used to lift the assembled column sections 1115, 1120 from the first body 1070 (see FIG. 23c) onto a floating base 1110 (see FIG. 23d) that is securely coupled to a stabilized second body 1071. The assembled column sections 1115, 1120 are then coupled to the floating base 1110. This process can then be repeated for additional portions of the structure 1010 (e.g., the nacelle 1125).

As additional portions of the structure 1010 are assembled, the second body 1071 may be selectively floated. In this example, the second body 1071 may then be positioned under the cantilevered portion of the elongated structure 1017a so that the multiple blades 1130, 1131, 1132 can be coupled onto the structure 1010 while the second body 1071 is floating, e.g., moored, anchored, etc. Alternatively, the second body 1071 can be selectively submerged under the cantilevered portion of the elongated structure 1017a so that it is stabilized on or against the ocean floor.

The present disclosure provides a method of deploying an apparatus 1005 for assembling a (floating/buoyant) offshore structure, such as a wind turbine, an (offshore) structure 1010, such as a wind turbine or jacket. The method may comprise providing an apparatus 1005 according to the ninth aspect to or at an assembly area or location and deploying/erecting the apparatus 1005.

Providing the apparatus 1005 to the assembly area may include the use of one or more vessels or barges 1100.

Deploying/erecting the apparatus 1005 may include erecting the first erectable structure 1015 such that, when erected, the first erectable structure 1015 stands/rests on the bottom of the body of water. Exemplary methods of erecting the first erectable structure 1015 are described above with reference to Figures 1-3b of this disclosure.

Deploying/erecting the device 1005 includes erecting the second erectable structure 1016 such that, when erected, the second erectable structure 1016 stands/rests on the bottom of the body of water.

Erecting the second erectable structure 1016 may include coupling an end of each of the second plurality of legs 1033, 1034 to a respective support structure, such as a mud mat 1038, in a hinged arrangement. Each of the second plurality of legs 1033, 1034 may be arranged to extend in a first direction in a first, or folded, or stowed state.

Deploying/erecting the device may include transitioning the second erectable structure 1016 from a first or folded or stowed state to a second or extended state by rotating each of the second plurality of legs 1033, 1034 about a hinged arrangement such that each of the second plurality of legs 1033, 1034 is arranged to extend in a second direction, the second direction being more upright than the first direction.

Deploying/erecting the apparatus includes using one final lifting device, such as a lifting device coupled to the first erectable structure 1015 and/or the second erectable structure 1016, to lift the elongated structure 1017/1017a.

Deploying/erecting the device 1005 includes coupling the elongated structure 1016 to the first and second erectable structures 1015, 1016.

It will be appreciated that the steps of this embodiment may be performed in a different temporal order than described. For example, the second erectable structure 1016 may be erected before or after the first erectable structure 1015.

The present disclosure provides a method of assembling a structure or wind turbine, such as an offshore structure 1010, a wind turbine or a jacket. The method includes deploying an apparatus 1005 according to the above-described method, disposing a first base or body 1070 in an assembly area substantially below at least a portion of a first erectable structure 1015, disposing a second base or body 1071 in an assembly area substantially below at least a portion of a second erectable structure 1016, and assembling the structure 1010 by configuring a lifting arrangement 1020 to lift components of the structure 1010 from the first base or body 1070 toward the second base or body 1071.

The first base or body 1070 may comprise a floating/buoyant barge or vessel for transporting the components.

Disposing the first base or body 1070 in the assembly area may optionally include stabilizing the first base or body 1070 against the bottom or floor of the body of water below the lifting arrangement 1020.

Stabilizing the first base or body 1070 may include configuring a first stabilizing arrangement 1072, such as a jack, to limit movement of the first base or body 1070 relative to the water bottom or floor. Alternatively, stabilizing the first base or body 1070 may include anchoring the first base or body 1070 or coupling the first base or body to a mud mat 1038 associated with the first base or body 1070.

The second base or body 1071 may comprise a floating/buoyant vessel, such as a floater 1110 for a wind turbine, to support the assembled structure 1010.

Disposing the second base or body 1071 in the assembly area may optionally include stabilizing the second base or body against the bottom or floor of the body of water below the lifting arrangement 1020.

Stabilizing the second base or body 1071 may include disposing the second base or body 1071 on a grounded vessel. Alternatively, stabilizing the second base or body 1071 may include disposing the second base or body 1071 on a buoyant vessel, disposing the second base or body 1071 on the ocean floor, or mooring the second base or body 1071.

It will be appreciated that the steps of this embodiment may be performed in a different temporal order than that described. For example, the second base or body 1071 may be disposed in the assembly area before or after the first base or body 1070.

In some embodiments, the first and/or second stabilizing arrangement may comprise at least one panel or member. At least one panel or member may comprise an inflatable element. At least one panel or member, e.g., an inflatable element, may comprise at least one layer of drop stitch material.

For example, a panel or stack of panels of drop stitch material may provide temporary buoyancy beneath the first or second body instead of (or in some exemplary embodiments, in addition to) using a barge or watercraft.

Advantageously, the use of drop stitch material may provide a means of having a controllable amount of air and therefore a controllable means of generating a stabilizing buoyancy.

In one example, an inflatable bag, the volume and/or pressure of which may be controlled, may be placed under the second base or body, e.g., under the hull of the floater 1110, and then inflated, thereby reducing the draft of the body, e.g., the floater 1110. The body may then be lowered to the seabed using variable buoyancy, e.g., in the same manner as a submersible barge.

That is, in an exemplary embodiment, the floater 1110 may be disposed on one or more expandable elements, such as an expandable element that includes a drop stitch material.

Optionally, stabilizing the second base or body may include controlling the volume or air within one or more inflatable elements disposed under and/or around at least a portion of the second base or body. For example, one or more inflatable elements, such as inflatable elements including drop stitch material, may be installed under the hull of the floater 1110, such as under each teg or spar of the floater 1110. In some examples, such inflatable elements may extend under and/or around at least a portion of the base or body, such as under and/or around a leg or spar of the floater 1110.

In some examples, the expandable element may be provided as a modular expandable element. In some examples, the expandable element may be provided as an assembly or stack of expandable elements, e.g., sub-elements. In some examples, the/each expandable element may be for a housing or substantially cup-shaped or receiving portion for receiving and/or holding and/or at least partially surrounding a leg or portion of a second body or base.

Although the present disclosure has been described with respect to preferred embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely examples and that the claims are not limited to these embodiments. Those skilled in the art may make modifications and substitutions in light of the present disclosure, which are considered to fall within the scope of the appended claims. Each feature disclosed or illustrated herein may be incorporated into any embodiment alone or in any suitable combination with any other feature disclosed or illustrated herein.

Claims (73)

1. An apparatus for assembling a structure, such as a wind turbine or jacket, comprising:
a first erectable structure comprising a first plurality of legs connected by a first connection arrangement;
a second erectable structure comprising a second plurality of legs connected by a second connection arrangement;
an elongated structure extending between the first and second erectable structures;
a lifting arrangement configurable to move a load along said elongated structure between said first and second erectable structures. The first and/or second erectable structures include:
disposable in a first, or folded, or stowed condition and a second, or extended condition;
extensibly erectable or selectively movable from the first state to the second state;
The device of claim 1 , wherein the device is foldable, stowable, or further selectively movable from the second state to the first state. the first connection arrangement comprises a first top member substantially defining a first top of the first plurality of legs;
3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the second connection arrangement comprises a second top member substantially defining a second top of the second plurality of legs. The device of claim 3, wherein the elongated structure extends beneath the first apex and the second apex. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first erectable structure comprises a tripod body or tripod arrangement and the first plurality of legs has exactly three legs, or the first erectable structure comprises a tetrapod body or tripod arrangement and the first plurality of legs has exactly four legs. 6. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second erectable structure comprises a tripod or tripod arrangement and the second plurality of legs has exactly three legs, or the second erectable structure comprises a pair of sheer legs or an A-frame arrangement and the second plurality of legs has exactly two legs. each leg of the first plurality of legs is attached to the first connection arrangement at or substantially at a respective first end;
each leg of the second plurality of legs is attached to the second connection arrangement at or substantially at a respective first end;
7. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein each leg of the first and second pluralities of legs is provided with a mud mat at a respective second end, and optionally the/each mud mat is selectively buoyant or submersible. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein each leg of the second plurality of legs is hingedly connected to the respective mud mat at the second end. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the elongated structure comprises a beam or truss, and optionally the elongated structure comprises a rail, channel or guide along which at least a portion of the lifting arrangement is configured to move or be transported. The device of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a cantilevered portion of the elongated structure extends from the second erectable structure in a direction away from the first extendable structure, and optionally the cantilevered portion is tapered. the lifting arrangement comprises an arrangement for connecting or supporting parts of the structure to be assembled;
The lifting arrangement comprises one or more hooks or shackles;
Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the lifting arrangement comprises a single point lifting arrangement, and/or the lifting arrangement comprises one or more pulley and/or winch arrangements. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein each leg of the first and/or second plurality of legs comprises a lattice or truss arrangement. The device of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein each leg of the first and/or second plurality of legs is configured to be extendable, and optionally each leg of the first and/or second plurality of legs is configured to be extended by insertion of an extension portion into the respective leg. A system for assembling a structure such as a wind turbine or jacket, comprising an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13. 15. The system for assembling a structure as described in claim 14, comprising a first body for transporting one or more parts of the structure to an assembly area provided below the lifting arrangement, the first body being a buoyant or floatable body and optionally comprising a first stabilizing arrangement for stabilizing the first body against the bottom or floor of the body of water below the lifting arrangement. 16. A system for assembling a structure as described in claim 14 or 15, comprising a second body on which to assemble the structure, optionally comprising a second stabilizing arrangement for stabilizing the second body against the bottom or floor of a body of water below the lifting arrangement, optionally the second body being a buoyant or floatable body. The system for assembling a structure of claim 16, wherein the first and/or second stabilizing arrangement comprises at least one panel or member, the at least one panel or member comprising at least one layer of drop stitch material. 1. A method of deploying an apparatus for assembling a structure, such as a wind turbine or jacket, comprising:
Providing a device according to any one of claims 1 to 13 at or to an assembly area or location;
and deploying/erecting said device. Deploying/erecting the device includes:
erecting the first erectable structure such that, when erected, the first erectable structure stands/rests on the bottom of a body of water;
erecting the second erectable structure such that, when erected, the second erectable structure stands/rests on the bottom of the body of water;
using a final lifting device, such as a lifting device coupled to the first erectable structure and/or the second erectable structure, to lift the elongated structure;
coupling the elongated structure to the first and second erectable structures;
20. The method of claim 18, wherein the elongated structure is provided with a lifting arrangement configurable to move the load along the elongated structure between the first and second erectable structures, and after deployment/erecting of the apparatus, the lifting arrangement is provided above a surface level of the body of water. The erection of the second erectable structure includes:
coupling an end of each of the second plurality of legs to a respective support structure, such as a mud mat, in a hinged arrangement, each of the second plurality of legs being arranged to extend in a first direction in one/the first, or folded, or stowed state;
transitioning the second erectable structure from the first or folded or stowed state to one/the second or extended state by rotating each of the second plurality of legs about the hinged arrangement such that each of the second plurality of legs is disposed to extend in a second direction;
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the second orientation is more upright than the first orientation. 1. A method of assembling a structure, such as a wind turbine or jacket, comprising the steps of:
Deploying the device according to a method according to any one of claims 18 to 20;
disposing a first base or body in the assembly area substantially beneath at least a portion of the first erectable structure;
disposing a second base or body in the assembly area substantially below at least a portion of the second erectable structure;
and assembling the structure by configuring the lifting arrangement to lift components of the structure from the first base or body towards the second base or body. 22. The method of assembling a structure according to claim 21, wherein the first base or body comprises a floating/buoyant barge or vessel for transporting the components. Disposing the first base or body in the assembly area includes:
stabilizing the first base or body against a bottom or floor of a body of water below the elevation arrangement;
23. A method of assembling a structure as described in claim 21 or 22, optionally wherein stabilising the first base or body comprises providing a stabilising arrangement such as a jack to limit movement of the first base or body relative to the water bottom or floor. A method of assembling a structure as described in any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the second base or body comprises a floating/buoyant vessel, such as a floater for a wind turbine, for supporting the assembled structure. Disposing the second base or body in the assembly area includes:
stabilizing said second base or body against a bottom or floor of one of said bodies of water/one of said bodies of water below said lifting arrangement;
Optionally, stabilizing the second base or body includes:
disposing said second base or body on a vessel resting on the ground;
disposing the second base or body on a floating marine vessel;
25. A method of assembling a structure as claimed in any one of claims 21 to 24, comprising at least one of disposing the second base or body on a seabed and/or mooring the second base or body. The structure comprises:
A plurality of parts or components;
A segmented (offshore) structure;
A floating/buoyant foundation;
Monopile and
A method of assembling a structure according to any one of claims 21 to 25, comprising or including a jacket, for example a tripod jacket, a four-legged jacket or a torsion jacket. In the case of said structure comprising a wind turbine,
The wind turbine comprises:
a column or tower section;
Nasser and
A method of assembling a structure as claimed in any one of claims 21 to 26, comprising a plurality of parts or components comprising one or more of: a plurality of turbine blades. 1. An apparatus for assembling a structure, such as an offshore structure, a wind turbine or a jacket, comprising:
An erectable structure;
a post or column configured to extend through a central portion of the erectable structure. The device of claim 28, wherein the post or column is mounted to a floating structure. The apparatus of claim 28 or 29, wherein the central portion of the erectable structure is configured to be walked up the post or column during the process of erecting the erectable structure. The apparatus of claim 30, comprising one or more walking clamps for walking up the post or column to the central portion of the erectable structure. The apparatus of claim 30 or 31, wherein the central portion comprises a running gear module configured to run up and down the post or column. Apparatus as described in claim 32, wherein the post or column is provided with one or more winches at a top or uppermost portion thereof, the one or more winches being configured to lift the top or uppermost portion of the erectable structure, or, when citing claim 29, the post or column is provided with one or more return sheaves and a winch at, on or generally near the deck of the floatable structure. The apparatus of any one of claims 28 to 33, wherein the post or column comprises a primary post or column, the primary post or column comprises at least one further post or column disposed inside the primary post or column, and the primary post or column and the at least one further post or column are arranged in a telescopic arrangement. The apparatus of any one of claims 28 to 34, wherein the erectable structure comprises a tripod body having three legs, and further comprises a mud mat barge at the base of each leg. a first plurality of pin and clevis arrangement configured to couple a top assembly to the three legs;
and a second plurality of pin and clevis arrangement configured to secure the running gear module to the three legs. The device of claim 35 or 36, comprising a tension member disposed between the bases of the legs. Each mud mat barge is
Water, mud or hematite,
Sheet piles arranged around each mud mat barge;
Pile anchor,
Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 35 to 37, ballasted by at least one of a suction anchor or a dry anchor attached by a chain, wire or rope which secures the line to the shore. The erectable structure is
being extendable or selectively movable from a first or folded state to said second extended or erect state;
39. Apparatus according to any one of claims 28 to 38, which is foldable or further selectively movable from said second state to said first state. 1. A method for erecting an erectable structure, comprising the steps of:
Providing an erectable structure;
providing a post or column configured to extend through a central portion of the erectable structure;
and raising a central portion of said erectable structure relative to said post or column. The method of claim 40, comprising transporting the erectable structure in a folded state to a location for assembling the offshore structure, and thereafter erecting the erectable structure while at the location. The method of claim 40 or 41, wherein the erectable structures are installed in pieces that are joined together on a deck and/or lowered onto and/or assembled around the tops of the posts or columns. The method of any one of claims 40 to 42, wherein erecting the erectable structure includes walking the central portion of the erectable structure up the post or column using one or more walking clamps. While the central portion of the erectable structure is being raised,
A method according to any one of claims 40 to 43, wherein a traction force is applied to a tension member, e.g. a line, between the centre and the base of the legs of the erectable structure, or a traction force is applied to a tension member between the base of the legs of the erectable structure. The method of any one of claims 40 to 44, wherein providing the post or column includes placing a top of the erectable structure around the post or column to provide the post or column on a floating structure. The method of claim 45, comprising lowering and/or extending the buoyant structure, or at least a portion thereof, to the ocean floor. mounting one or more winches on said post or column;
and configuring the one or more winches to lift a top or uppermost portion of the erectable structure. The method of any one of claims 40 to 47, wherein the post or column comprises a primary post or column, the primary post or column comprises at least one further post or column disposed inside the primary post or column, the primary post or column and the at least one further post or column are arranged in a telescopic arrangement, and during assembly of the erectable structure, when the top or uppermost portion of the erectable structure is raised to reach the top or uppermost portion of the post or column, the at least one further post or column telescopically extends to allow continued raising of the top or uppermost portion of the erectable structure. A device or apparatus for assembling an offshore structure, such as a wind turbine or jacket, a structure, such as a wind turbine or jacket, said device or apparatus comprising a (vertically) erectable structure and a lifting arrangement. When erected, the apparatus comprises an assembly area, e.g. above the bottom or floor of an area of water, e.g. a body of water, e.g. the seabed, below the lifting arrangement,
the assembly area is provided below, e.g. directly below, the lifting arrangement when it is erected,
50. A device or apparatus as claimed in claim 49, wherein one/the assembly area is provided within a periphery, area or volume of the device or apparatus and/or the lifting arrangement is provided above, e.g. directly above, the assembly area. the structure is disposable in a first or folded state;
the structure is disposable in a second, or stretched, state;
the structure is extendable and erectable or selectively movable from one/said first state to one/said second state, and/or the structure is collapsible or further selectively movable from one/said second state to one/said first state, and/or the structure can be assembled and/or erected on site or in situ;
51. A device or apparatus as described in claim 49 or 50, wherein the structure comprises a plurality of legs and/or a top member, optionally the legs are connected or connectable to the top member, and/or the lifting arrangement is, in use, provided below, e.g. directly below, the top member, and/or one or more of the legs are of different lengths. the device or apparatus comprises a tripod or tripod arrangement, or comprises a tetrapod or tripod arrangement, or comprises first and second adjacent towers;
in the case of a tripod body, said tripod body comprises three legs, each of said legs being attached at a first end to a connecting member, e.g. hinged, optionally said connecting member comprising the top of said tripod body, and/or each leg being provided with a mud mat at a second end, optionally said/each mud mat being selectively buoyant or submersible;
In the case of tetrapods,
one pair of opposing legs have the same length, which length is different from the length of another pair of opposing legs;
In either case,
52. A device or apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 49 to 51, wherein the lifting arrangement is attached to or depends (vertically downwards) from one/of the connecting members or tops such that the lifting arrangement is provided between the legs or towers. the lifting arrangement comprises an arrangement for connecting or supporting the part of the structure to be lifted;
The lifting arrangement comprises one or more hooks or shackles;
A device or apparatus according to any one of claims 49 to 52, wherein the lifting arrangement comprises a single point lifting arrangement and/or the lifting arrangement comprises one or more pulley arrangements. one or more lines (control/mooring/tagging lines) are provided between at least one, preferably each, of a plurality/of said legs or towers, said lines being adapted to be connected to a load to be lifted by said lifting arrangement, e.g. a part of said structure, and optionally
A device or apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 49 to 53, wherein a connecting piece is provided at the intersection of the lines, for example below the top member. A device or apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 49 to 54, wherein one or more legs of the device or apparatus comprise a (metal) lattice arrangement, and/or at or near the ends of the legs distal to the top member further lines or cables are provided between adjacent legs, and/or at or near the end of each leg another further line is provided, which further lines extend (horizontally) to meet at a (base) centre point of the apparatus, for example below the top member. A system for assembling a structure, such as an offshore structure, such as a wind turbine (generator) or jacket, comprising a device or apparatus according to any one of claims 49 to 55. A system for assembling a structure as described in claim 56, wherein the system comprises a floating or buoyant body for transporting one or more parts of the structure to one/the assembly area. The system may comprise, for example, one or more winches for controlling the lifting arrangement, and optionally
said one or more winches being provided on a further buoyant or floatable body, optionally
the further buoyant or buoyant body is adapted to be fastened to a leg of the device or apparatus;
58. A system for assembling a structure as described in claim 56 or 57, wherein the further buoyant or buoyant body is provided with slots or recesses for engaging legs of the device or apparatus and/or for receiving the connecting members during transportation of the device/apparatus when in a folded state. 1. A method for deploying a (floating/floating) offshore structure, such as a wind turbine (generator), a device or an apparatus for assembling a structure, such as a wind turbine (generator) or a jacket, comprising the steps of:
Providing a device or apparatus according to any one of claims 49 to 55 at or to an assembly area or location;
deploying/erecting said device or apparatus. the assembly site is an area of water, e.g., an area above the bottom or floor of a body of water, e.g., the ocean floor;
The device/apparatus, when erected, stands/rests on the bottom of a body of water, e.g., the ocean bottom;
the top and the elevation arrangement are disposed above a surface level of the body of water;
60. A method of deploying a device or apparatus as described in claim 59, wherein the step of providing the device or apparatus to the assembly location includes the use of one or more ships or barges to transport the device or apparatus or one or more parts/components thereof, for example, together or individually. 1. A method of assembling an offshore structure, wind turbine (generator) or jacket-like structure or wind turbine (generator), comprising:
Deploying the device or apparatus according to the method of claim 59 or 60;
transporting a first portion of the structure to the assembly area;
lifting the first portion using the lifting arrangement; and
Transporting a floating/buoyant base or foundation body to said assembly area;
and connecting/clamping said first part of said structure to said floating/buoyant base. The method subsequently includes the steps of transporting a further portion of the structure to the assembly area;
lifting the further portion using the lifting arrangement;
transporting the floating/buoyant base to the assembly area;
and a step of lowering and/or connecting the further part of the structure to the first/one part of the structure already provided on the floating/buoyant base. A method of assembling a structure or a wind turbine as described in any one of claims 61 or 62, wherein the structure is a floating structure. The structure comprises:
A plurality of parts or components;
A segmented (offshore) structure;
A floating/buoyant foundation;
Monopile and
64. A method of assembling a structure or a wind turbine according to any one of claims 61 to 63, comprising or including a jacket, for example a tripod jacket, a four-legged jacket or a torsion jacket. In the case of said structure comprising a wind turbine,
The wind turbine comprises:
a column or tower, e.g., a first and a second column section;
Nasser and
64. A method of assembling a structure or wind turbine as claimed in any one of claims 61 to 63, comprising a plurality of parts or components comprising one or more of a plurality of turbine blades, for example three turbine blades, and/or said wind turbine comprises a given number of parts/six parts, whereby assembly requires the same given number of lifts/six lifts. 1. A method for assembling an (offshore) structure, such as an (offshore) wind turbine or an (offshore) jacket, comprising the steps of:
Providing a lifting arrangement, said lifting arrangement comprising:
a gantry disposed above and/or directly above the area of water;
providing a lifting means or device coupled to the gantry;
The portion of the structure,
transportably disposing a first portion of the structure against or in the area of water;
lifting the first portion using the lifting means; and
configuring a clamping or holding device to grasp the first portion;
transporting the clamping or holding device away from the area of water; and
lifting a second portion of said structure using said lifting means or device;
transporting the first portion gripped by the clamping device further into the area of water to dispose the first portion below or adjacent to the second portion;
and lowering said second part onto or in connection with said first part. A method of assembling an (offshore) structure as claimed in claim 66, wherein the step of lifting the second portion using the lifting means or device comprises hoisting and/or raising the second portion upwardly to a height above the top level of the first portion. The method includes fixedly coupling the second portion to the first portion by bolting, welding, and/or clamping;
68. A method for assembling an (offshore) structure according to any one of claims 66 or 67, wherein the structure is a wind turbine assembly, such as an offshore wind turbine, or a jacket, such as an offshore jacket, for supporting a wind turbine, and/or the first part and/or the second part and/or one or more further parts are at least one of: part of a tower or a nacelle or a turbine blade. The method further comprises:
lifting said further portion using said lifting means or device;
disposing the second portion of the structure beneath the further portion by conveying the second portion to the area of water;
A method of assembling an (offshore) structure according to any one of claims 66 to 68, comprising stacking by lowering/moving the further portion onto/against the second portion. said clamping device being provided on a floating or buoyant body, e.g. a floating base or a (top) crown assembly;
70. A method of assembling an (offshore) structure as claimed in any one of claims 66 to 69, wherein the clamping device is configured to support and/or clamp and/or grip at least part of the structure in a vertical arrangement and/or in a substantially upright configuration. 1. A system for assembling a structure such as an (offshore) wind turbine or an (offshore) jacket, comprising:
a gantry disposed above and/or directly above the area of water;
a lifting means or arrangement coupled to said gantry;
a means or device for transporting a portion of the structure to or from the area of water;
13. A system for assembling a structure, wherein the means or device for transporting parts of the structure comprises a clamping device or a holding device. the clamping or holding device is configurable between a clamping or holding configuration for gripping a portion of the structure and a non-clamping or non-holding configuration;
72. A system for assembling a structure as described in claim 71, wherein the clamping device is coupled to or mounted to one/of the floating or buoyant base bodies, e.g. a floating foundation or a (top) crown assembly or a barge. the lifting means comprises a winch and/or a pulley;
The system is adapted to assemble an offshore wind turbine assembly or a wind turbine assembly or jacket, such as an offshore jacket assembly, for example for a wind turbine;
The system may include a clamping system and/or a gripping system, the clamping system and/or the gripping system comprising:
said clamping device for gripping at least a portion of a wind turbine assembly;
and one/said buoyant or buoyant body,
the clamping device is mounted to the buoyant or floatable body;
the clamping device is configured to support at least a portion of the wind turbine assembly or the jacket assembly in a vertical arrangement and/or a substantially upright configuration;
73. A system for assembling a structure as described in any one of claims 71 or 72, wherein the clamping device is configured to engage with a flange or rim disposed on an outer surface of one/the part of the structure.

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