JP2565639C - - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display. In particular, multi-domain hosts
The present invention relates to a meotropic liquid crystal display device and a twisted nematic liquid crystal display device.
. [0002] Flat panel display devices are well known in the computer arts and for information display devices.
In other important technological fields, its importance is increasing. This format
Display devices can be reduced in weight and size, and therefore can only display information.
The feature is that the cost for the operation can be reduced. Liquid crystal displays are ultimately used in almost all practical flat panel displays.
This is considered the most promising technology. Small color TV and
Large enough to be used in a notebook or laptop computer
Has made great achievements in monochrome flat panel display devices. However
Unlike general-purpose vacuum tube displays, which can provide high image quality from any angle,
Liquid crystal display devices, when viewed from an angle other than the direction perpendicular to the surface of the display device,
Trust or contrast reverse is compromised. This is because
Interaction between liquid crystal material molecules and light in a liquid crystal display cell forming a flat panel display
It is for. Phase of liquid crystal material molecules with light passing through the display cell at incident angles other than normal
The interaction is different from that with normally incident light. The state where light is transmitted (white)
The contrast between the non-transmitting (black) state is greatly reduced,
The use of a simple display device requires a large screen for flat panel televisions and computers.
This is undesirable in many applications, such as surfaces. Many attempts have been made to solve this problem. For example, one substrate (
(Having no active elements on it) in a triangular or sawtooth cross-section
Thus, the contrast ratio between different regions is averaged. this
The method is not considered a practical solution because of the high manufacturing costs. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A main object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display having a high contrast over a wide viewing angle.
To provide a display device. Another object of the invention is to provide a relatively high percentage of light when the display element is in the bright state.
Is to provide a liquid crystal display device that transmits through the display device. Yet another object of the invention is to ensure that the boundaries of the domain are fixed and the station
Liquids with multi-domain cells that do not change with local cell conditions
It is to provide a crystal display device. Still another object of the present invention is to provide an active matrix liquid crystal display device.
It is to realize the purpose of the above. A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention has a common substrate with a first substrate having a plurality of electrodes thereon.
A second substrate having an electrode thereon; and a second substrate disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
Liquid crystal material. The common electrode has a pattern with an empty portion, and
This allows the display element of the display device to have one or more liquid crystal domains.
The common electrode is continuous except in a pattern having an empty portion. Further, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is one of the active matrix systems.
is there. It can be a multi-domain homeotropic liquid crystal display or
A multi-domain twisted nematic liquid crystal display device may be used. Gate line and
The data lines are located on one of the boards and in the crossover area
Crossover type display device which is insulated from each other by
The lines, pixel electrodes, and active elements are on one substrate, and
Non-crossover display with data lines with empty patterns
It may be a device. Referring to FIG. 1, a general-purpose liquid crystal display device 20 is formed of a transparent material such as glass.
It includes a first substrate 22 and a second substrate 24 to be formed. These two substrates are very
They are positioned precisely parallel to each other and typically have a distance of approximately 4 to 7 microns.
Separated from each other. Then, a closed internal space is formed between the two substrates.
Therefore, their ends (not shown) are sealed. The substrate 24 has a continuous
Electrode 28 is deposited, and the continuous electrode is preferably made of indium tin oxide.
(ITO) and other conductive transparent thin film layers, and at positions corresponding to pixels.
And small opening patterns (hereinafter also referred to as empty portions, cut-out portions, slots)
) Is drilled. The substrate 22 has an array-like electrode 26 deposited thereon,
This electrode forms a pixel of the liquid crystal display device. Further on the substrate 22,
Diodes or thin-film transistors can be applied to selected areas where no electrode film is deposited.
A semiconductor element such as a TFT (TFT) 30 is formed. As is known, one pixel
For this purpose, one or more TFTs 30 are provided. Each TFT
Reference numeral 30 denotes a conductive gate line 32 and a data line (not shown).
Is controlled. The lines are deposited on the substrate 22 and each
Except that the source of the TFT 30 is electrically connected to each electrode 26,
The pole 26 is not electrically connected. Gate line 32
And data lines (not shown) are isolated from each other in the crossover area.
Have been. The liquid crystal material 36 fills the space between the substrates 22 and 24. Properties of this material
Depends on the operation mode of the liquid crystal display device 20, which is described below.
This will be described in further detail. By coating the inner surface of the liquid crystal display device with alignment layers 38 and 40, respectively,
Alternatively, the boundary conditions of the molecules of the liquid crystal material 36 may be given. In the case of a homeotropic liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal molecules near the boundary of the substrate surface are
, Its major axis is almost perpendicular to the substrate surface with a slight pretilt angle
Orientation, usually at an angle of 1 or 2 degrees from the direction perpendicular to the substrate
It is. In the case of a twisted nematic liquid crystal display, near the boundary of the substrate surface
Liquid crystal molecules have a long axis with a small pretilt angle (also 1
(Inclination of about 2 degrees). For certain liquid crystal displays, optical compensation is provided on the outer surfaces of substrates 22 and 24.
Membrane 42 and 44 are provided. Finally, the polarizing films 46 and 48
The chemical compensation films 42 and 44 are covered. A general-purpose liquid crystal display device of the type shown in FIG.
Side) is illuminated by a light source (not shown) placed on the
4). The electrode patterns that are various embodiments of the present invention are described in the drawings and below.
. FIGS. 2 to 9 show a liquid crystal display using a multi-domain homeotropic cell.
Various electrode embodiments of the device are described. For simplicity, TFT, game
No data lines or data lines are shown. In the present invention,
Ootropic cells allow the substrate to move relative to the substrate when no electric field is applied between the electrodes.
Utilizing that molecules of a liquid crystal material are aligned in a vertical direction. General purpose liquid crystal display
In contrast, a small amount of pretilt is not necessary and therefore a rubbing
Not. This liquid crystal display device must have a negative dielectric anisotropy. Typical lumber
The fee is German E. Manufactured by Merck Darmstadt
ZLI-4788 or ZLI-2857, available from EM Industries.
Also available in the United States through. As is known in the art, homeotropic cells are perpendicular to the substrate.
Optical compensation to reduce leakage of light entering the liquid crystal display device from directions other than
You are using a compensation membrane. For best results, the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal display cell
Thickness and birefringence of the material layer (difference between refractive index for ordinary ray and extraordinary ray)
) Is made to be the same as the thickness and birefringence of the compensation film. When an electric field is applied between the electrodes of the cell of the homeotropic liquid crystal display device,
Thus, the molecules are arranged in a direction substantially perpendicular to the electric field. The present invention is applied to the end of the pixel electrode.
As well as generating a horizontal electric field in the empty space inside the electrode.
By forming an electrode shape, a multi-domain liquid crystal display device cell is obtained by utilizing this effect. The characteristics of this domain are determined by the shape of the electrode pattern.
Round. 2 to 8, the bottom electrode (the electrode on the lower substrate,
Are also indicated by broken lines. On the other hand, the pattern for the top electrode of the pixel is
, Indicated by solid lines. However, by forming a top electrode for all pixels
Some ITO deposited films are continuous in the prior art, but in the present invention they are continuous.
It has at least one free space in it for each pixel and the other
The pole portions are understood to be continuous over the entire display area. Referring to FIG. 2, the bottom electrode 60 of the pixel is a continuous square (gate line and
And data lines (not shown), four sides of which are separated from adjacent pixel electrodes.
However, the portion of the common electrode forming the upper electrode 62 of the pixel is an X-type.
Cutout 64 is formed therein, with the ends of X facing the four corners of the pixel.
I have. That is, the lines forming X are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the side of the pixel.
I have. For example, in the case of a 150 micron x 150 micron pixel electrode,
The width W of the minute is preferably 5 microns for optimal performance. This width
W establishes a stable and well-defined boundary between domains that partition any one pixel.
Dimensions required, resulting in good contrast and uniformity over a wide range of viewing angles
High display characteristics), but the size of the pixel
There is no correlation. The size of a pixel is, for example, 100 to 200 microns on its side.
Any value within the range is acceptable. The bottom electrode 60 has a smaller outer dimension than the top electrode 62, which is advantageous.
The direction of the electric field in green around the pixel and in the cut-out portion is such that each pixel has four
It becomes a direction that divides into domains. In each domain, the liquid crystal display
The orientation direction of the element is perpendicular to the substrate (in the absence of an electric field).
When a field is applied, it will always tilt toward the center of the pixel. But
Thus, the X-shaped cutout 64 defines four distinct liquid crystal domains I, II, III, IV. These domains are localized within each liquid crystal display cell.
Regardless of the conditions, the X-shaped cutout 64 determines the position accurately. Because one
Constant boundary conditions and a clear tilt direction are established for each liquid crystal molecule.
You. A polarizing film is provided outside each of the upper and lower compensation films, and their transmission axes are
Although they are orthogonal to each other, they form an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the side edges of the liquid crystal display.
Has become. More generally, the polarization direction of a molecule when an electric field is applied
The angle is 45 degrees with respect to the tilt direction. For example, in FIG.
The hyperaxis is again at an angle of 45 degrees to the side edge of the liquid crystal display, and the arrows 66 and
68. Since there are two or more domains per pixel, a certain amount of transmitted light is lost.
There is. The domain boundary region (ie, the shaded region) is the domain
Like the region itself, it does not transmit light. However, the electrode pattern according to the present invention requires
When used, the losses are relatively small. For example, for the pattern of FIG.
Approximately 83% of the light is transmitted when compared with the light transmitted through a general-purpose domain cell
. That is, the relative transmission efficiency is about 83%. FIGS. 3 to 7 show the case where the width and the length of the pixel are not equal. Usually a picture
The element sizes are selected to have an aspect ratio of 1: 3. That is, for example, width 1
It is 10 microns × 330 microns long. The bottom electrode 70 is continuous and the data
-Insulated from electrodes of adjacent pixels by lines and gate lines.
The upper electrode 72 of the pixel has an empty portion or cutout 74, which is
It has a "double Y" shape, and has a long shape with both ends divided into two branches each
. The width of the central portion, indicated by X, is optimally 10 microns, but is indicated by Y.
The width of the branched portion at both ends of the central portion is optimally 5 microns. Of FIG.
In a similar manner, four divided liquid crystal domains are established. Domain A
Is equal to the size of domain B. The size of domain C is the size of domain D
Equal to the size. However, as is evident from FIG. 3, domains A and B are:
It is much larger than domains C and D. The branched portions of the “double Y” shape are usually perpendicular to each other, and
At an angle of 45 degrees. The central part of the “double Y” type is the longer pixel
It is arranged parallel to the side and perpendicular to the shorter side. The transmission axis of the polarizing film is indicated by an arrow 76.
And 78. The relative transmission efficiency is about 84%. The embodiment of FIG. 4 shows a continuous bottom electrode 80 and extending parallel to the longer side of the pixel.
Slot 84 has an upper electrode provided in the center. There is an empty part
Alternatively, slot 84 is optimally about 10 microns wide. The polarization direction of the polarizing film
Indicated by marks 86 and 88. Compared with general-purpose single-domain liquid crystal display cell
Then, the relative transmission efficiency is about 80%. This electrode pattern is substantially 2
Formed domain cells, bottom electrode smaller and cut-out shape
Therefore, the liquid crystal material molecules therein are directed inward from the bottom electrode 80 to the top electrode 82.
It is leaning. In FIG. 5, the bottom electrode 90 has a rectangular cutout 91 having an optimum width of 10 μm.
And the longer side of the rectangle is placed along the width direction of the pixel. Top electrode
Has two "double Y" shaped cutouts 94a and 94b, the ends of which have
The optimum width Y is 5 microns, and the width X at the center is 10 microns.
Suitable. The cutout 94a is formed from the rectangular cutout 91 of the electrode 90 in FIG.
The cutout 94 b is disposed so as to cover the upper half, and the cutout 94 b
It is arranged so as to cover the lower half from one. The liquid crystal display device cell is divided into eight domains by the pixel electrode pattern of FIG.
Can be split. The transmission axis of the polarizing film is represented by arrows 96 and 98.
You. The relative transmission efficiency is 81% compared to a general single domain cell. FIG. 6 shows a so-called double X-type electrode pattern. The bottom electrode 100 is cut
It has a rectangular cutout 101 similar to the cutout 91. The upper electrode 102 is
It has two common X-shaped cutouts, 104a, 104b, each with a bottom electrode 1
00 are arranged on the upper half and the lower half of the cutout 101. Transmission of polarizing film
The axes are indicated by arrows 106 and 108. Eight distinct liquid crystal domains formed
And the relative transmission efficiency is about 70% compared to a general-purpose single domain cell.
You. The preferred width W is 5 microns. The electrode pattern shown in FIG. 7 is such that the bottom electrode 110 is formed as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG.
Two rectangular cutouts 111a and 11 similar to cutouts 91 and 101
In many respects it is similar to FIG. 6, except that it has 1b. Top electrode 11
2 has three X-shaped cutouts 114a, 114b, 114c,
It is located on the top, middle, and bottom of 10. The middle part is the cutout 111a
And 111b. The electrode pattern of FIG.
Form a reliable domain. This liquid crystal cell is a general-purpose single-domain liquid crystal display cell.
By comparison, the relative transmission efficiency is 72%. The transmission axis of the polarizing film is indicated by an arrow 116.
And 118. FIG. 8 shows a so-called “+” type electrode shape. Continuous bottom electrode 12
On the top electrode 122, which is a part of the continuous common ITO electrode,
4 are arranged. In the peripheral electric field at the edge of the electrode 120 and the space 124
Therefore, the liquid crystal molecules are inclined toward the center of the cross-shaped empty portion 124. So
As a result, four independent domains are formed, and their boundaries are
Therefore, it is determined clearly and controllably. Compared with general-purpose single domain liquid crystal display cell
By comparison, the relative transmission efficiency is 60%. The optimum width W is also about 5 microns
Degrees. The transmission axis of the polarizing film is indicated by arrows 126 and 128. FIG. 9 shows a non-crossover type homeotropic active matrix liquid crystal.
4 illustrates a group of pixels in a display device. For simplicity, the TFT is not shown. The lower substrate has a bottom electrode 130 with a TFT (not shown) thereon.
And a gate line 131 are deposited. The upper board has a series of data lines.
133, which are wider than the bottom electrode 130, forming a series of electrodes 130.
They are arranged in columns to cover. The end of the data line 133 is the bottom electrode 13
It has been extended beyond the end of zero. On each bottom electrode 130
The X-shaped empty portion or cutout 134 of the data line 133 (see FIG.
Each of the LCD mechanisms is divided into four distinct domains
Is done. As described in connection with FIG. 2, the relative transmission efficiency is
It is about 83% compared to the liquid crystal display cell. The direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing film is indicated by arrow 1.
36 and 138. Any of the patterns described in FIGS. 2 to 8 according to the present invention may be of the non-crossover type
It is clear that it can be used for active homeotropic liquid crystal displays.
Is. FIG. 10 and subsequent figures show the power supply of a multi-domain twisted nematic liquid crystal display cell.
The pole shape is shown. In such cells, chiral additives are used to provide liquid crystals.
It gives the molecule a counterclockwise twist between 70 and 90 degrees. Generally, the first group
Rubbing the plate in a first direction and moving the second substrate in a second direction at an angle to the first direction
A rubbed (rubbed) alignment layer is used. In the present invention,
Rubbing is performed in two directions. The first substrate is the same as that of a general-purpose liquid crystal display device.
Is rubbed in the opposite direction. In this regard, it has been assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
No. 07 / 776,158, filed Oct. 5, 1991
), Whereby this application is hereby incorporated by reference.
. Referring particularly to FIG. 7 of the aforementioned application, the direction opposite to the direction of a general-purpose liquid crystal display cell is
By rubbing the alignment film of the first substrate, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned on the opposing substrate.
Will have a pretilt in the opposite direction to the pretilt. In addition,
Molecules in a plane located in the middle between the substrates will be aligned parallel to the substrate
. Here, a polarizing film is used. They have one polarizing film whose transmission axis is
It is arranged to be perpendicular to that of. Other cell shapes are possible for those skilled in the art.
You will understand. Cells can be normally white or normally black
, Or in e-mode or o-mode. Twist between substrates, clockwise
Twisting in the left or right direction is possible. Finally, in general, the twist
May be anywhere between 0 and 360 degrees. The liquid crystal material used in the twisted nematic liquid crystal display device is ZLI-
Any type having a positive dielectric anisotropy, such as 3771 and ZLI-4718, may be used.
E. Available from Merck, Darmstadt. Twisted nematic liquid crystal display devices usually do not use an optical compensation film (but
And can be used if needed). However, when an electric field is applied
If the liquid crystal display cell does not transmit light, remove the ITO electrode material.
It is necessary to prevent light leakage around the enclosed area. Generally, known techniques include:
Black matrix materials are commonly used for white applications. FIGS. 10 to 15 show the electric power of the twisted nematic liquid crystal display cell according to the present invention.
9 shows an embodiment of a pole. In FIG. 10, FIG. 11, FIG. 13 and FIG.
The vacancies in the continuous top electrode are these vacancies at one edge of the domain.
The marginal electric field created by the
It is shaped and arranged such that the fringe fields at the pair edges are parallel.
As a result, the domains of the liquid crystal display cell are very clearly defined, and
The shape and shape of the rubbing process to pretilt the liquid crystal display molecules
Such as local conditions. Furthermore, it is located in the middle between the upper and lower substrates.
The alignment of molecules in the center plane of the liquid crystal material is clearly determined when a voltage is applied.
Is Rukoto. Conventional attempts to create multi-domain liquid crystal display cells
In some cases, the ambiguity of these molecular arrangements can improve the reproducibility of the liquid crystal domain shape.
It was the cause that could not be done. Referring particularly to FIG. 10, the bottom electrode 140 is provided on the top of the entire liquid crystal display cell.
It is placed in parallel with a part of the continuous ITO film 142 constituting the electrode. ITO
Empty portions 144a and 144b in the common electrode are
Located along the upper and lower ends. The empty portion 144a is located on the right side of the bottom electrode 140.
From the point just above the edge, it extends halfway across the bottom electrode 140 to the midpoint. Sky
The upper portion also extends over the upper end of the bottom electrode 140. The empty portion 144b is
It extends from the left end point of the bottom electrode 140 to the middle point along the lower end of the bottom electrode 140.
ing. Thus, the edges of empty portions 144a and 144b are both imaginary line 1
It is located along 45. As mentioned above, the electric fields at the edges are parallel to each other.
Orientation allows the molecules of the liquid crystal display material to be in opposite directions in the two regions
To define a left region L and a right region R. The rubbing direction of the cell having the left-handed chirality is indicated by an arrow 1 for the lower substrate.
The upper substrate is indicated by arrow 147. Normal white
Are shown by arrows 148 and 149. General single domain
The relative transmission efficiency as compared to the liquid crystal display cell is between 80% and 90%. With this electrode pattern, good coordination over a wide viewing angle in all viewing directions is achieved.
The contrast and gradient can be obtained, but unlike the case of four domains,
) That excellent display characteristics over a wide range similar to the horizontal direction cannot be obtained.
Can understand. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a continuous electrode pattern on the ITO film,
The portions 144a and 144b are not at the upper and lower ends of the bottom electrode 140 but at the left and right ends.
It will be understood that the location may be located along the In other words,
The electrode pattern of each cell should be perpendicular to the upper and lower substrate surfaces from the center of the bottom electrode.
It may be rotated 90 degrees around the axis extending in the direction. For those skilled in the art,
Good for wide viewing angles in all viewing directions due to the latter type of electrode pattern
High contrast and gradient, but the horizontal direction is the same as the vertical direction.
It can be understood that excellent display characteristics over a wide range cannot be obtained. The relative transmission efficiency is comparable to that of the liquid crystal display cell in FIG. According to FIG. 11, the bottom electrode 150 is the ITO common electrode forming the top electrode 152.
It is located below a part of the pole. The cutout 154 is a square of the bottom electrode 150
It is slightly longer than the side of the shape and is provided in the vertical direction. With the cutout 154,
Pixels are divided into left and right regions. Cell Rabin with counterclockwise chirality
For the lower substrate, the arrow 155 indicates the lower substrate, and the arrow 1 indicates the upper substrate.
It is represented by 56. The transmission axis of the polarizing film in the normal white mode is indicated by arrows 157 and 157.
And 158. Contrast and floor over a wide vertical viewing angle
The furnishings are better than those in the left-right direction. However, as described in FIG.
In addition, the pattern on the common ITO top electrode is suitable for obtaining good viewing angle characteristics in the horizontal direction.
Can be rotated 90 degrees. According to FIG. 12, the bottom electrode 160 is formed by the ITO common electrode forming the top electrode 162.
It is located below a part of the pole. The oblique empty portion 164 is
With a width W of 5 microns, which is shorter than the length of the entire diagonal line, from the lower left corner of the LCD cell
It extends to the upper right corner. The rubbing direction of a cell with a left-handed chirality is upward
The substrate is represented by arrow 166, and the lower substrate is represented by arrow 167.
I have. The transmission axis of the polarizing film in the normal white mode is indicated by arrows 168 and 169.
Is represented. The liquid crystal display cell of FIG. 12 is divided into two regions S and T. General purpose
The relative transmission efficiency is 80% to 90% compared to the domain liquid crystal display cell.
You. In order to ensure the uniformity of the contrast and gradation characteristics, the pixel electrodes of FIG.
The pattern is similar except that the empty portion 164 extends from the upper left corner to the lower right corner.
Pixels having an electrode pattern may be arranged adjacent to each other. Therefore, up to a certain maximum angle
Can be substantially eliminated at different viewing angles (left, right, upper, lower). Although the display elements in FIGS. 10 to 12 are square, the display elements in FIGS.
The elements are rectangular. In FIG. 13, the bottom electrode 170 has a horizontal slot 174.
Is located below a portion of the common ITO electrode 172 having Counterclockwise Kirarite
The rubbing direction of the cell having the lower side is indicated by an arrow 175 for the upper substrate,
The substrate is represented by arrow 176. The transmittance of the polarizing film in the normal white mode
The hyperaxis is represented by arrows 177 and 178. This electrode shape forms an upper region U and a lower region L. These two domains
The relative transmission efficiency is 8 compared to a general-purpose single-domain liquid crystal display cell with
0% to 90%. In FIG. 14, the bottom electrode 180 is a common ITO that forms the top electrode 182 of the pixel.
It is located below a part of the electrode. The slot 184 extends in the vertical direction of the electrode 182.
, Slightly shorter than the length of the bottom electrode. Has counterclockwise chirality
The rubbing direction of the cell is determined by the arrow 185 for the upper substrate and the rubbing direction for the lower substrate.
Are represented by arrows 186. The transmission axis of the polarizing film in the normal white mode is
Represented by arrows 187 and 188. In the electrode arrangement shown in FIG.
The region is divided into a region L and a right region R. A general-purpose liquid crystal display cell with these two domains
80% to 90% relative transmission efficiency compared to a simple single domain liquid crystal display cell
is there. In FIG. 15, a bottom electrode 190 forms a top electrode 192 of a pixel, in which an oblique electrode is formed.
Beneath a portion of the common ITO electrode having a slot or space 194 for
Have been. The rubbing direction of the cell with chirality counterclockwise is
Is indicated by an arrow 195, and the lower substrate is indicated by an arrow 196. Usually white
The transmission axis of the polarizing film in the case of the color mode is represented by arrows 197 and 198.
You. The empty portion 194 is provided along a diagonal line from the lower left corner to the upper right corner of the pixel.
However, in order to make the viewing angle characteristics the most uniform, an empty area immediately below the pixel in FIG.
A similar electrode except that 194 is provided along a diagonal line from the upper left corner to the lower right corner
It is desirable to arrange pixels having a shape and a size. Thereby, the contrast
And the gradation characteristics become substantially uniform regardless of the direction up to the maximum viewing angle. All the patterns shown in FIGS. 10 to 15 according to the present invention have a crossover
Type or non-crossover type twisted nematic liquid crystal display
Can be understood by those skilled in the art. According to the present invention, a good contrast ratio and an excellent gradation are obtained over a wide viewing angle.
Multi-domain homeotropic liquid crystal display and multi-domain twist
A nematic liquid crystal display device is provided. Often smells in all viewing directions
It can be up to 50 degrees from the center. Moreover, increasing the manufacturing cost
It is realized with high light transmission efficiency without complicating the liquid crystal display device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a crossover type active matrix liquid crystal display device according to the prior art. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an electrode pattern of a homeotropic liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an electrode pattern of a homeotropic liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an electrode pattern of a homeotropic liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an electrode pattern of a homeotropic liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 illustrates an electrode pattern of a homeotropic liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an electrode pattern of a homeotropic liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an electrode pattern of a homeotropic liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an electrode pattern of a homeotropic liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an electrode pattern of a twisted nematic liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an electrode pattern of a twisted nematic liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an electrode pattern of a twisted nematic liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an electrode pattern of a twisted nematic liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an electrode pattern of a twisted nematic liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an electrode pattern of a twisted nematic liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 Liquid crystal display device 22 First substrate 24 Second substrate 26 Pixel electrode 28 Continuous transparent electrode 30 Thin film transistor 32 Gate line 36 Liquid crystal material 38 Alignment layer 40 Alignment layer 42 Optical compensation film 44 Optical Compensation film 46 Polarizing film 48 Polarizing film 60 Bottom electrode 62 Top electrode 64 Cutout 66 Light transmission axis

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. A first substrate on which a plurality of pixel electrodes are formed in an array and a common electrode facing the plurality of pixel electrodes and having a larger outer dimension than the pixel electrodes. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a second substrate formed; and a liquid crystal material disposed between the first and second substrates to establish an array-like display region. A liquid crystal display device having an opening of a pattern that divides the second substrate into a plurality of liquid crystal domains at a position aligned with the display area, and continuously covers the second substrate except for the opening pattern. 2. A first substrate on which a plurality of pixel electrodes are formed in an array, and a second substrate on which a common electrode facing the plurality of pixel electrodes and having a larger outer peripheral dimension than the pixel electrodes is formed. And a liquid crystal material disposed between the first and second substrates and a liquid crystal material for establishing an array-like display area, wherein the common electrode includes a display area formed of a plurality of liquid crystal domains. A twisted nematic liquid crystal display device having openings of a pattern to be divided at positions aligned with the display area, and continuously covering the second substrate except for the opening patterns. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is configured as a homeotropic liquid crystal display device. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the liquid crystal molecules are perpendicular to the substrate when no electric field is applied. 5. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, further comprising at least one active element provided on the first substrate in each display area, and an electric conductor for transmitting a signal to the active element. apparatus. 6. A first substrate on which a plurality of pixel electrodes are formed in an array, and a second substrate on which a common electrode facing the plurality of pixel electrodes and having a larger outer dimension than the pixel electrodes is formed. And a liquid crystal material disposed between the first and second substrates and a liquid crystal material for establishing an array-like display area, wherein the common electrode includes a display area formed of a plurality of liquid crystal domains. A non-crossover type active matrix liquid crystal display device, characterized in that openings of a pattern to be divided are arranged at positions aligned with the display area, and the second substrate is continuously covered except for the opening patterns. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the aperture patterns for each display area has a substantially rectangular first shape disposed at a predetermined angle with respect to a side of the display area. Item 7. The liquid crystal display device according to item 1 or 6. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein each of the opening patterns for each display area includes a second rectangular shape arranged to intersect the first rectangular shape at a predetermined angle. Liquid crystal display device. 9. Each of the display areas has a length dimension longer than its width, and the opening pattern is arranged in parallel with the length direction of the display area and at the center of its width. Having a substantially rectangular first shape, wherein the length of the opening pattern is shorter than the entire length of the display region, and further comprising two substantially rectangular openings. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a rectangular extension extends from each end of the opening pattern toward a corner of the display area. 10. The opening pattern has two parallel rectangular cutouts on opposing sides of each display area, and each extends from a diagonally opposite corner of the display area. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to 6. 11. The opening pattern for each display area is a repetitive pattern formed by repeating a predetermined pattern along its length direction, and each of the plurality of electrodes is a common electrode. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, further comprising a rectangular opening pattern at a position facing the opening pattern, thereby defining a boundary between the continuously repeated patterns. 12. A first substrate in which a plurality of pixel electrodes are formed in an array, and a common electrode opposed to the plurality of pixel electrodes and having an outer peripheral dimension larger than the pixel electrodes are continuously formed. A liquid crystal display device comprising a second substrate and a liquid crystal material disposed between the first and second substrates for establishing an array-like display area, wherein the common electrode has an aperture pattern formed therein. So that when no electric field is applied to the liquid crystal material, the liquid crystal molecules are perpendicular to the substrate, and when an electric field is applied, 2N distinct liquid crystal molecules are formed. Are formed in the pixel, and N = 1, 2, 3,. . . A homeotropic active matrix liquid crystal display device.