JP2963249B2 - Mold lubricant for warm and hot forging - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a warm / hot forging die lubricant, and more particularly, to a lubricating agent which is supplied between a die and a workpiece to reduce friction between the two. The present invention relates to a warm / hot forging mold lubricant that has excellent mold release properties for shortening the contact time and does not deteriorate the working environment and working efficiency.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, when performing warm and hot forging of a metal, damage to the mold is reduced by shortening the contact time between the mold and the work or reducing heat transfer from the work to the mold. In order to prevent this, a mold lubricant is used. Conventionally, as a lubricant excellent in lubricity and mold release properties, a lubricant containing an inorganic powder such as graphite and mica has been known. For example, graphite, molybdenum disulfide (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 54-125366), montmorillonite, oxide (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-125498), mineral oil, graphite, water, a surfactant and a thickener (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. JP-A-63-33496), mica, wax (Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 6-63)
No. 2-10559) are known.

[0003] Although the inorganic powder-containing lubricant is excellent in lubricity and releasability, when it is applied and used, the inorganic powder scatters or adheres to peripheral machines or the like. There is a problem of deteriorating the environment. In addition, as the number of times of use increases, the inorganic powder becomes clogged in the pipe or nozzle for applying the lubricant, which hinders the work, and requires extra work to clean these, thereby deteriorating the work efficiency. There are also problems.

In order to solve these problems caused by the lubricant containing an inorganic powder, a lubricant containing no inorganic powder has been required.
No. 9498), alkali metal phthalates (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
8-84898), phosphoric acid and its salts, boric acid,
Silicates (JP-A-59-64698), alkali metal salts of aromatic carboxylic acids (JP-A-60-1293), celluloses, and water-soluble polymer compounds (JP-B-61-1986)
-41960), an alkali metal maleate, an organic thickener (JP-A-61-103996), an alkali metal fumarate (Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-12960),
Alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts of ligninsulfonic acid (JP-A-62-81493), aliphatic trivalent carboxylic acids or aliphatic tetravalent carboxylic acids or salts of the carboxylic acids (JP-A-2-145693) Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-57117), silicone oil, glass, wax, oily substance and surfactant (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-57117).

[0005]

However, the above lubricant containing no inorganic powder has insufficient lubricity due to a sharp increase in friction coefficient as the temperature rises, and also has poor mold release properties. On the other hand, a lubricant containing a wax is used as a lubricant for cold forging of metal (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
It is also conceivable to apply a lubricant disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5055, JP-A-61-291687, and a wax. However, in warm and hot forging of non-ferrous metals such as aluminum and brass, which have lower work temperature and lower deformation resistance than ferrous metals, the lubricant containing wax has excellent lubricity and mold release. When applied to forging of ferrous metal with a workpiece temperature of 900 ° C or higher, heat resistance is insufficient, and a film obtained when a wax-containing dispersion is spray-coated on a high-temperature mold is used. The thickness becomes insufficient, and the lubricity and the releasability become insufficient.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a warm / hot forging die lubricant which is excellent in lubricity and releasability and does not deteriorate working environment and working efficiency. Aim.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have conducted various studies on the lubricant component and lubricating performance of a mold lubricant for warm and hot forging, and found that a composition containing a wax and a carboxylate was obtained. The inventors have found that they exhibit excellent performance, and have completed the present invention. That is, the mold lubricant for warm / hot forging of the present invention contains a wax and a carboxylate, and water, does not contain an inorganic powder for lubrication , and
The carboxylate is a carboxylate having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
Alkali metal salts of acids or carbohydrates having 3 to 10 carbon atoms
It is an amine salt of an acid .

The above-mentioned wax has an effect of improving lubricating performance, and hydrogenated hardening waxes such as tallow, lard, etc. as natural waxes, lanolin, beeswax, spermaceti, paraffin wax, carnauba wax, montan wax, wood wax, Nuka wax, candelilla wax, sericin wax, microcrystalline wax, etc., and polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax as synthetic wax,
Examples thereof include a wax by a Fischer-Tropsch method, an ethylene / acryl copolymer wax, and oxides and acid-modified products of these synthetic waxes. Among the above waxes, those having an acid value can be used as salts with alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals such as zinc, aluminum and iron, and organic amines.

The carboxylate is a component that improves heat resistance and adhesion to a high-temperature mold and forms a film having a small frictional shear coefficient. This carboxylate has 3 carbon atoms.
A to 10 carboxylates, for example, aliphatic monobasic acid salt, one or more selected from an aliphatic dibasic acid salts and aromatic acid salts, particularly aliphatic di-salt of 3 to 10 carbon atoms
One or more selected from a base salt and an aromatic dibasic acid salt can be used. The equivalent of the carboxylic acid constituting the carboxylate can be 350 or less. If this exceeds 350, sufficient adhesion cannot be obtained.

As the aliphatic monobasic acid constituting the above-mentioned aliphatic monobasic acid salts, carboxylic acids such as caproic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid and capric acid can be used.
Examples of the aliphatic dibasic acid constituting the aliphatic dibasic acid salt include malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, saturated carboxylic acids such as sebacic acid and fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid and the like. Can be used. Further, as the aromatic acid constituting the aromatic acid salt, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, orthophthalic acid,
Isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid and the like can be used. Examples of the alkali (base) component of the carboxylate include alkali metals such as ammonia, sodium and potassium, alkylamines, morpholine, ethanolamine (mono, di or tri),
Alkanolamines such as graded butanolamine (mono, di or tri), dimethylethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, aminoethylethanolamine and N-cyclohexyldiethanolamine.

In the present invention, the content of the wax and the carboxylate is 0.1 to 70 parts by weight, preferably,
5 to 30 parts by weight. If the content is less than 0.1 part by weight, good lubricity and releasability cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 70 parts by weight, a stable lubricant composition cannot be obtained. The content ratio of the wax to the carboxylate (the wax: the carboxylate) is preferably from 2: 8 to 8: 2. If the ratio is less than 2: 8 (2/8), the lubricity is insufficient, and if it exceeds 8: 2 (8/2), the adhesion is insufficient.

[0012]

The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to examples. In order to clarify the performance of the warm / hot forging die lubricant of the present invention, sample liquids (Example Examples Nos. 1 to 9 ) having the respective compositions shown in Table 1 and Table 2 (Comparative Example Product No. 1)
Regarding to 7 ), performance tests and evaluations of each item described below were performed. In Table 1, "Poly-PE" (manufactured by BASF) having a concentration of 40% by weight was used for "polyethylene wax emulsion", and polyethylene wax powder "UF-80" was used for "polyethylene wax".
(Manufactured by Iron and Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.), polyoxyethylene lauryl ether was used for “surfactant”, and hydroxyethyl cellulose was used for “thickener”.

[0013]

[Table 1]

[0014]

[Table 2]

(1) Test Items, Test Conditions and Performance Evaluation The test items and test conditions of this performance test are as follows. Heat resistance After drying the lubricant at 105 to 110 ° C., the temperature at which the weight loss rate was 50% was measured using the following tester and conditions.
Table 3 shows the results. Equipment used: Thermogravimetric analyzer “SSC-560” (manufactured by Daini Seikosha Co., Ltd.) Temperature range: 30 to 600 ° C. Heating rate: 40 ° C./min Atmosphere: air Measurement number: 4 Heat resistance is wax only type ( while Comparative examples product No. 6, 7) at 420 to 430 ° C., the wax and carboxylate combination type (example products No.1~7) 480~5
The heat resistance was further improved to 80 ° C. Incidentally, these are comparative example product Nos. Although they are lower than 600 ° C. or higher of 1 to 5 , all of them have sufficiently practical heat resistance.

[0016]

[Table 3]

Adhesion performance A test piece heated to a predetermined temperature (100 × 100 × 70 m
In m), the amount of the lubricant attached to the test piece when a 10-fold dilution of the lubricant with water was spray-coated was measured. Example product N
o. No. 10 was spray applied without dilution. The spray conditions are shown below, and the results are shown in Table 4. The number of measurements is 4, and the values in the table show the average of the measured values (mg) of the four measurements. Spray: airless Nozzle diameter: 0.6 mm φ Distance between nozzles: 300 mm Lubricant discharge amount: 20 ml / s Application time: 0.5 s Comparative example product of wax only type Examples Nos. 6 and 7 have a small amount of adhesion , whereas Example Nos. Nos. 1 to 9 are graphite-based comparative product Nos. 5 shows an adhesion performance equal to or higher than 5.

[0018]

[Table 4]

Lubricity The coefficient of friction was measured using a ring compression tester. That is, 1
60T crank press (KOMATU MAYPR
80 mm x 100 mm mold (SK) set on the ESS
D-11, HRc: 60) is heated to 250 ° C., and 6 ml of a 10-fold diluted water solution of a lubricant is applied by spraying to a contact surface of the upper and lower mold rings. Then, a ring (30φ × 1
(5φ × 10 mm) was heated, placed between upper and lower molds, and pressed. The coefficient of friction was calculated by Kosakada et al. (Kosakada et al., Showa 5
In the spring of ninth year, a collection of papers on plastic working, 445) performed a calibration curve obtained by analyzing the compression ratio and the change rate of the inner diameter of a ring in consideration of barreling. Example product No. No. 8 was spray-coated without dilution. The test piece materials were carbon steel “S45C” and brass “C2800” shown in Table 5, and the heating temperatures were 1100 ° C. and 750 ° C., respectively. The compression ratio was 30-60%. Table 5 shows the results.

Example No. No. 1 to 9 are carbon steel (1100 ° C.) and brass (7
50 ° C.), the friction coefficient is as low as 0.13 to 0.1 as in the case of the graphite-based lubricant (No. 5).
18). In addition, the wax-only comparative example product No.
The coefficient of friction of Nos. 6 and 7 is higher in the case of brass than in each of the examples . On the other hand, among the comparative example products, the comparative example product No. The friction coefficients of 1 to 4 are significantly higher than those of the products of the examples.

[0021]

[Table 5]

(2) Test Example In order to further clarify the performance of the warm / hot forging die lubricant of the present invention, the performance was evaluated by applying it to actual forging. Test Example 1 Gas appliance parts (material: brass) by 300 ton press
Hot forging (material temperature: 150 to 200 ° C.).
The lubricant is the product of Example No. A 20-fold water dilution of the composition No. 2 (combined use of wax and acid salt) was applied to a mold by air spray. As a result of processing, there were no defects such as underfilling, and good lubricity and releasability were exhibited.

Test Example 2 Automobile parts (material: S45)
C) hot forging (material temperature: 1200 to 1300 ° C., mold temperature: 200 to 300 ° C.). The lubricant is the product of Example No. A 2 (combined use) 10-fold water dilution was applied to the mold by air spray. As a result of the processing, there was no underfill and good lubricity and releasability were exhibited.

The forging die lubricant of the present invention is not limited to the specific examples described above, but may be variously modified within the scope of the present invention according to the purpose and application. For example, carbonates, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, inorganic salts such as borates, nonionic and anionic surfactants, polyvinyl alcohol, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, casein, sodium alginate, bentonite, starch and the like Thickeners, animal and vegetable fats such as rapeseed oil, palm oil, tallow, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, fatty acid amides, fatty amines, mineral oils, silicone oils, preservatives, rust inhibitors, fungicides, defoamers Agents, antioxidants, anticorrosives and the like. The forging die lubricant of the present invention is usually used even when diluted with water, and when diluted with water, it is appropriate to dilute it by 2 to 80 times.

[0025]

As described above, the mold lubricant for warm and hot forging of the present invention exhibits excellent performance in lubricity and mold release properties, and does not contain inorganic powder such as graphite. The environment and work efficiency can be improved.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI C10M 129: 26) C10N 10:02 30:06 30:08 40:24 70:00 (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) C10M 173/00 C10M 143/02-143/05 C10M 159/06 C10M 129/26-129/34 C10N 10:02 C10N 40:24 C10N 70:00 WPI / L (QUESTEL)

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A composition comprising a wax, a carboxylate, and water, containing no lubricating inorganic powder , and
The acid salt is an alkali of a carboxylic acid having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
Metal salts or amines of carboxylic acids having 3 to 10 carbon atoms
A lubricant for warm and hot forging, characterized by being a salt . 2. The hot and hot forging die lubricant according to claim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid is at least one selected from aliphatic dibasic acids and aromatic dibasic acids.