JP3478060B2 - Gear grinding apparatus and method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a compound grinding apparatus and a compound grinding method for grinding an outer peripheral surface and an end surface of an annular component.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The outer peripheral surface and both end surfaces of a ring-shaped component may be ground and finished in order to ensure accuracy. For example, in spur gear parts used in automobile transmissions, etc., in order to ensure accuracy after carburizing and quenching, the gear tooth tips (outer peripheral surface) and both boss end surfaces (both end surfaces) are ground and finished. There is something to be said.

This grinding finishing process is shown in FIG.
As shown in (b) and (c), the first step of grinding and finishing the right boss end surface 101 of the gear component 100, and the gear component 1
The left boss end surface 102 of No. 00 is ground and finished, and the external gear tooth tip 103 of the gear part 100 is ground and finished in three steps in total. First
In the step of, the surface of the right boss 10
1 is ground with the grindstone 104. In the second step, after reversing the gear component 100, the left boss end face 102 is ground with the grindstone 104 using the surface grinder as in the first step. At this time, positioning is performed with the right boss end surface 101 ground in the first step as a reference surface. In the third step, a cylindrical grinder is used to perform positioning by using the inner peripheral surface of the gear component 100 as a reference, and the gear tooth tip 103 is ground.
Grind at 5.

[0004]

However, in the above-mentioned grinding and finishing process, since each processing facility corresponding to the first to third steps is required, there is a problem that the processing cost is high. Further, it is necessary to convey the annular component (gear component) from the first process to the second process and from the second process to the third process, which results in low work efficiency and grinding finishing of the annular component. There is also a problem that it is difficult to reduce the time required for Furthermore, since the annular parts are attached and detached in each process, the accuracy of the parallelism of the processed surface (both end surfaces),
The accuracy of the squareness between the shaft and the end face of the annular component may be reduced.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a compound grinding apparatus for a ring-shaped component and a compound grinding method thereof, which can improve work efficiency and can perform high-precision grinding finishing at low cost.

[0006]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a gear complex grinding apparatus for grinding a gear having an outer peripheral surface and a boss end surface, which are workpieces, by supporting the gear on a rotating shaft.
Positioning means movably provided at a positioning position for positioning the gear at a predetermined processing position in the axial direction of the rotary shaft, and a retracted position retracted from this positioning position, and a positioning means provided on the rotary shaft for positioning by the positioning means. In the state where the fixing means for fixing the inner diameter portion of the gear to the rotating shaft and the positioning means have moved to the retracted position,
The outer peripheral surface of the gear fixed to the rotating shaft via the fixing means and
The left and right ball scan end surface and a grindstone for grinding, the position
The deciding means has a reference surface that is substantially orthogonal to the rotation axis, and is movable in a direction parallel to the rotation axis, and is provided to face the reference surface and is parallel to the rotation axis. And a second positioning member that is movable in the direction and that sandwiches the left and right boss end surfaces with the first positioning member. This configuration, after the axial position of the gear is positioned by the positioning means, the inner diameter of the tooth wheel is fixed to the rotating shaft by fixing means, in a state where the positioning means is moved to the retracted position, rotated through the fixing means The outer peripheral surface of the gear fixed to the shaft and the left and right boss end surfaces are ground by a grindstone. Moreover, the gear is the first positioning
It is sandwiched by the member and the second positioning member, and the axial position of the gear is positioned by the reference surface of the first positioning member.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the compound grinding apparatus for a gear according to the first aspect, the fixing means is provided at the end of the rotary shaft. The support means is provided on the end surface of the fixing means, the support means being movable to a supporting position in contact with the end surface of the fixing means to support the fixing means and a retracted position retracted from the supporting position. The structure is arranged so as to face each other and coaxially with the rotating shaft. With this structure, it is possible to attach / detach the gear at the retracted position while ensuring the support rigidity of the gear at the support position.

[0008]

The invention of claim 3 is a tooth that is a member to be processed.
In the grinding process for grinding the outer circumferential surface and left and right boss end surface of the vehicle, the inner diameter portion of the gear is loosely fitted supported by the rotary shaft, the loosely supporting state of the gear, a predetermined processing position in the axial direction of the rotating shaft gear positioning the tentatively fixed to the rotary shaft of the inner diameter of the positioning tooth wheel, releasing the positioning of the gear,
While rotating the rotating shaft, the outer peripheral surface of the gear and the left and right boss end surfaces are ground with a grindstone.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a compound grinding device for annular parts. In the figure, reference numeral 1 indicates a compound grinding machine, and reference numeral 2 indicates a spur gear as an annular component used for an automobile transmission or the like. Compound grinding machine 1
For positioning and supporting the spur gear 2, rotating the spur gear 2, a component support device 3, a tooth tip 2a serving as the outer peripheral surface of the spur gear 2, and both boss end surfaces 2b, 2c serving as both end surfaces, respectively. And a cylindrical grinding machine 10.

A well-known cylindrical grinding machine 10 is arranged at a position separated from the addendum 2a of the spur gear 2 by a predetermined distance. The cylindrical grinder 10 is a well-known biaxial NC cylindrical grinder that is movable in the directions of arrows B1 and B2 in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the grindstone 11 mounted on the cylindrical grinder 10 is configured by fixing an abrasive material 11b made of industrial diamond to the outer periphery of a disk-shaped metal member 11a. Abrasive material 11b
Is the well-known CBN (Cubic Boron Night Light)
And has a substantially U-shaped cross section so as to cover the outer peripheral surface of the metal member 11a and both end edges thereof. Abrasive material 11b
Has a thickness of about 2 mm.

The component supporting device 3 includes a chuck 4 as a fixing means for clamping the spur gear 2, a positioning means 5 for positioning the axial position of the spur gear 2 at a predetermined machining position, and a spur gear 2 for grinding and finishing. It mainly comprises a center 6 as a supporting means for preventing vibration, a chuck 4, a positioning means 5, and a control means 7 for controlling the operation of the center 6.

The chuck 4 is provided at the end of a rotary shaft 9 which is rotated by a motor 8. The inner diameter portion 2d of the spur gear 2 is loosely fitted in the reduced diameter state (unclamped state) and the chuck 4 is expanded in diameter. 2d inside diameter of spur gear 2 in the state (clamped state)
, A mandrel 16 that moves the collet 15 forward and backward in the axial direction to bring the collet 15 into a clamped state or an unclamped state, and a hydraulic cylinder 17 that moves the mandrel 16 forward and backward. The collet 15 and the mandrel 16 are arranged coaxially with the rotating shaft 9. The inner diameter portion 2d of the spur gear 2 is pre-finished so as to be a hole coaxial with the center line of the spur gear 2. In addition, an alternate long and short dash line A in the figure indicates the center line of the rotating shaft 9.

The collet 15 is made of an elastic material, and its tip has an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter 2d of the spur gear 2. A cross-shaped slit 15a (not shown) having a predetermined length is formed at the tip of the collet 15 along the axial direction, and a conical space whose tip is tapered is formed inside the tip. .

The mandrel 16 is housed inside the collet 15 so as to be able to move forward and backward in the direction of the center line A, and the hydraulic cylinder 17 pushes the tip of the collet 15 against the elasticity of the collet 15 to expand the tip (FIG. 5 (b)) and the tip portion of the collet 15 is moved to the unclamp position (see FIG. 1) where it returns to its normal shape due to its elasticity. The tip of the mandrel 16 is formed in a shape that substantially corresponds to the conical shape inside the tip of the collet 15, that is, the tip is formed in a substantially tapered shape. At the tip of the mandrel 16, there is provided a conical hole 16a with which a centering portion 30 described later comes into contact.

The positioning means 5 includes a pair of temporary abutting members 20, 20 as a second positioning member with which the left boss end surface 2b of the spur gear 2 abuts, and a first boss end surface 2c of the spur gear 2 which presses the right boss end surface 2c. Reference abutment 25 as positioning member
And the temporary abutment 20 and the reference abutment 25 hold the spur gear 2 so that the spur gear 2 has a center line A.
In a predetermined processing position in the direction (axial direction of the rotating shaft 9).

The temporary butts 20, 20 are arranged near the outer circumference of the chuck 4 and symmetrically with respect to the center line A. The temporary abutment 20 supports an arm 21 against which the left boss end surface 2b of the spur gear 2 abuts, the arm 21 movably in a direction parallel to the center line A, and the arm 21 is positioned in the axial direction of the spur gear 2. It is composed of a hydraulic cylinder 22 which moves to a positioning position for positioning the machine to a predetermined processing position and a retracted position (see FIG. 5D) retracted from this positioning position. The contact surface 21a of the arm 21 against the left boss end surface 2b is substantially orthogonal to the center line A. Since the temporary butts 20 and 20 have the same configuration as each other, only one of them will be described and the other description will be omitted.

A position facing the contact surface 21a of the arm 21, that is, the spur gear 2 is tentatively butted 20 and 20.
A reference abutment 25 is provided on the opposite side of. The reference abutment 25 is a reference surface 26a that is substantially orthogonal to the center line A.
And a pressing part 26 that supports the pressing part 26 so as to be movable in a direction parallel to the center line A, and
It is composed of a positioning position (see FIG. 5A) that positions the axial position of the spur gear 2 at a predetermined machining position, and a hydraulic cylinder 27 that moves to a retracted position retracted from this positioning position. An escape hole 26b for a centering portion 30, which will be described later, is provided at a substantially central portion of the pressing portion 26.

Hydraulic cylinder 22 and hydraulic cylinder 27
Are fixed to a base (not shown) of the component support device 3. The pressing force of the hydraulic cylinder 27 on the spur gear 2 is set to be larger than that of the hydraulic cylinder 22. That is, when the spur gear 2 is held by the reference butting 25 and the temporary butts 20, 20, the spur gear 2 is
After being moved to the left, it is positioned at the processing position.

A center 6 is arranged inside the reference abutment 25. The center 6 has a centering portion 30 facing the mandrel 16. The centering portion 30 is formed in a cylindrical shape and is movable in a direction parallel to the center line A,
Moreover, it is rotatably supported by the hydraulic cylinder 31.
The tip of the centering portion 30 facing the mandrel 16 is formed in a tapered shape so as to engage with the hole 16 a of the mandrel 16. A hydraulic cylinder 31 is provided at the rear of the centering unit 30. When the mandrel 16 is in the clamp position, the hydraulic cylinder 31 has the centering portion 3
0 is a supporting position where it abuts on the mandrel 16, that is,
While mandrel 16 is centered, mandrel 1
It moves to a support position (see FIG. 5C) for supporting 6 and a retracted position retracted from the mandrel 16.

As shown in FIG. 3, the hydraulic cylinders 17, 2
2, 27 and 31 are respectively connected to the control means 7 via electromagnetic valves, and their operations are controlled by the control means 7. The motor 8 is also connected to the control means 7, and its operation is controlled by the control means 7. The control means 7 is also connected to the cylindrical grinder 10 and exchanges information with the cylindrical grinder 10. The control means 7 controls the hydraulic cylinder 17, based on information from various sensors.
The solenoid valves 22, 27, 31 and the operation of the motor 8 are controlled.

Here, the initial state of the component support device 3 will be described. In the initial state of the component support device 3, as shown in FIG. 1, the collet 15 is in an unclamped state, and the mandrel 16 is in the unclamped position.
0 is the positioning position, the reference abutment 25 is the retracted position,
The state in which the centers 6 are in the retracted positions, respectively. In this initial state, the spur gear 2 is attached to and detached from the component support device 3.

Next, the operation of the above-described compound grinding device 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. First, FIG. 4 shows a process procedure by the composite grinding apparatus 1. In the figure, steps S1 to S5 are performed by the component supporting device 3 in the spur gear 2
Step S6 shows a step of positioning and supporting the spur gear 2 by the cylindrical grinder 10.

In step 1, the spur gear 2 is mounted on the component supporting device 3. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, when the component support device 3 is in the initial state, the reference contact 2
Since 5 and the center 6 are respectively located at the retracted position, an operator inserts the inner diameter portion 2d of the spur gear 2 into the outer periphery of the collet 15 from between these and the collet 15. At this time, since the collet 15 is in the unclamped state, the spur gear 2 is loosely fitted and supported by the collet 15, and the left boss end surface 2b of the spur gear 2 is in contact with the contact surface 21a of the arm 21.
The spur gear 2 is inserted into the collet 15 until it comes into contact with.
After the attachment of the spur gear 2 is completed, the process proceeds to step S2.

When the operator inserts the spur gear 2 into the collet 15, the reference abutment 25 and the center 6 are located at the retracted positions, and the spur gear 2 may be loosely fitted to the collet 15. Therefore, the spur gear 2 can be easily attached to the collet 15, and the workability can be improved.

In step S2, by pressing a start switch (not shown) for controlling the positioning of the spur gear 2, the control means 7 automatically positions the spur gear 2. By the control means 7 controlling the solenoid valve, pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder 27, and the reference abutment 25 is moved to the positioning position, as shown in FIG. Since the spur gear 2 is loosely fitted and supported by the collet 15, when the reference abutment 25 moves to the processing position, the reference surface 26a of the reference abutment 25 presses the right boss end surface 2c of the spur gear 2, The spur gear 2 is moved to the left side in the figure. At this time, since the spur gear 2 is pressed by the hydraulic pressure larger than the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 22 of the temporary abutments 20 and 20, both the spur gear 2 and the temporary abutments 20 and 20 move to the left side in the drawing. Therefore, the spur gear 2 is positioned at the machining position in the axial direction, and at the same time, positioned substantially at right angles to the center line A, and the accuracy of right angle to the center line A is ensured. After the reference butting 25 moves to the positioning position, the process proceeds to step S3.

In step S3, the spur gear 2 is clamped by the chuck 4 while the spur gear 2 is positioned. That is, the control means 7 controls the solenoid valve to supply the pressure oil to the hydraulic cylinder 17, and
As shown in (b), the mandrel 16 is moved to the clamp position. When the mandrel 16 moves to the clamp position, the tapered portion of the mandrel 16 spreads the tip of the collet 15 and the collet 15 clamps the inner diameter portion 2d of the spur gear 2. After clamping the spur gear 2, step S
Go to 4. Since the spur gear 2 is clamped while being positioned by the temporary butts 20 and 20 and the reference butter 25, the positioning accuracy of the spur gear 2 is maintained with high accuracy.

In step S4, the tip of the mandrel 16 is supported by the centering portion 30 of the center 6. That is, the control means 7 controls the solenoid valve to supply the pressure oil to the hydraulic cylinder 31, and the centering portion 30 is engaged with the hole 16a of the mandrel 16 as shown in FIG. Supports the tip of 16. By supporting the tip of the mandrel 16, the support rigidity of the spur gear 2 can be improved.

Succeedingly, in a step S5, in order to avoid interference with the grindstone 11 due to the grinding process, the positioning means 5 is used.
(Temporary butting 20, 20 and reference butting 25) are retracted from the processing position. That is, the control means 7 controls the solenoid valve to discharge the pressure oil in the hydraulic cylinders 22 and 27, and as shown in FIG.
The 0, 20 and the reference abutment 25 are moved to the retracted positions, respectively. Temporary butting 20, 20 and reference butting 25
After moving, the motor 8 is rotated and the spur gear 2 is rotated.

In step S6, the temporary butts 20, 20
Also, it is confirmed that the reference abutment 25 has moved to the retracted position, and the control means 7 outputs a signal for completion of grinding preparation to the cylindrical grinding machine 10. As shown in FIG. 6, the cylindrical grinder 10 first moves the grindstone 11 in the direction of the arrow B1 so that the grindstone 11 contacts the tooth tip 2a of the spur gear 2 (the position shown by the solid line in the figure). The tip 2a of the spur gear 2 is ground. Next, the grindstone 11 is moved in the arrow B2 direction and the arrow B1 direction (position 11L in the figure) so that the side surface of the grindstone 11 contacts the left boss end surface 2b of the gear 2 and the spur gear 2 is moved. The left boss end surface 2b is ground. Finally, the grindstone 11
Side surface of the gear 2 contacts the right boss end surface 2c of the gear 2,
The grindstone 11 is moved in the directions of the arrow B2 and the arrow B1 (position shown by reference numeral 11R in the drawing), and the right boss end surface 2c of the spur gear 2 is ground.

After the grinding is completed, the rotation of the motor 8 is stopped, the mandrel 16 is moved to the unclamp position, the collet 15 is unclamped, and the spur gear 2 is moved to the collet 1.
Remove from 5. Even when the operator removes the spur gear 2 from the collet 15, the reference abutment 25 and the center 6 are located at the retracted positions, respectively.
It can be easily removed from 5, and workability can be improved.

Therefore, once the spur gear 2 is positioned at the machining position, the tooth tip 2a of the spur gear 2 and the boss end faces 2b and 2c on both sides of the spur gear 2 can be sequentially ground, and the working efficiency can be improved. Further, since it is not necessary to position each time the grinding process is performed on the tooth tip 2a of the spur gear 2 and the boss end faces 2b, 2c on both sides, the precision of the parallelism of the boss end faces 2b, 2c on both sides and the center line of the spur gear 2 are eliminated. The accuracy of the squareness with the tooth tip 2a can be improved, and the accuracy of each ground surface is improved. Further, the tooth tip 2a of the spur gear 2 and the boss end surfaces 2b, 2c on both sides are
In performing the grinding process, since the device for positioning and supporting the spur gear 2 is only the component supporting device 3, the device can be downsized, the cost required for the processing equipment can be suppressed, and the processing cost can be reduced. it can.

In the above-described embodiment, the mandrel 16 is supported by the center 6 as the supporting means. However, when the supporting rigidity of the spur gear 2 by the collet 15 and the mandrel 16 is sufficiently high, the center 6 may be omitted. You can also
Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the compound grinding apparatus of the present invention is used for the grinding finish processing of the spur gear of the transmission, but it is needless to say that it can be applied to the grinding finish processing of annular parts such as helical gears.

As described above, claim 1 of the present invention
According to the invention, once the gear is positioned and fixed at the processing position, the outer peripheral surface and the end surface of the gear can be ground and the working efficiency can be improved. In addition, since it is not necessary to position each time the outer peripheral surface and the end surface of the gear are ground, it is possible to improve the accuracy between the processed surfaces and the accuracy of the right angle between the rotary shaft and the outer peripheral surface of the gear . The accuracy of each grinding surface can be improved. Further, when performing grinding of the outer peripheral surface and the end surface of the gear, so enabling the positioning and supporting of the gear in one device, it is possible to miniaturize the device, the processing cost can be suppressed according to the equipment also reduces the processing cost be able to.

According to the second aspect of the invention, since the mandrel is supported by the supporting means, the supporting rigidity of the gear is improved, vibrations and the like during grinding can be prevented, and highly accurate grinding is performed. be able to.

[0036]

[0037] According to the invention of claim 3, when performing grinding of gears, if positioning and fixing once the gear the processing position, the outer peripheral surface and the end face of the gear is grinding, improving working efficiency can do. Further, when mounting the gear on the rotary shaft, it is only loosely fitted gear to the rotary shaft, the attachment to the rotary shaft of the gear can be easily performed, thereby improving the working efficiency.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a compound grinding apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a grindstone used for a cylindrical grinder.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a control means of the compound grinding machine.

FIG. 4 is a process diagram showing the operation of the compound grinding device.

FIG. 5 is an operation schematic diagram showing an operation of positioning and supporting a spur gear of the component supporting device, FIG.
(B) shows a clamped state, (c) shows a center advanced state, and (d) shows a retracted state of the positioning means.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a spur gear supported by a chuck, showing grinding of a spur gear with a grindstone.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of conventional grinding processing of gear parts,
(A) shows a state where the right boss end face of the gear part is ground, (b) shows a state where the right boss end face of the gear part is ground, and (c) shows a state where the external gear tooth tip of the gear part is ground. Are shown respectively.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Compound grinding machine 2 Spur gears (annular parts) 2a Tooth surface (outer peripheral surface) 2b Right boss end face (end face) 2c Left boss end face (end face) 2d inner diameter 3 Parts support device 4 Chuck (fixing means) 5 Positioning means 6 centers (supporting means) 7 Control means 8 rotation axes 10 Cylindrical grinder 15 collets 16 Mandrel 20 Temporary butting (second positioning member) 25 Reference abutment (first positioning member)

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-54-16789 (JP, A) Actually opened 59-78057 (JP, U) Actually opened 60-31927 (JP, U) Actually opened 1-84922 (JP , U) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B23F 19/00 B23P 15/14 B24B 5/02 B24B 41/06 B24B 47/22

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. An outer peripheral surface and a boss end surface which are members to be processed are provided.
To a composite grinding device supports the gear to the rotary shaft tooth wheel for grinding, the teeth to a predetermined processing position in the axial direction of the rotary shaft
A positioning position for positioning the vehicle, a positioning means is movable in a retracted position retracted from the positioning position, provided on the rotary shaft, the rotation of the inner diameter portion of the gear and is positioned by the positioning means The fixing means fixed to the shaft and the fixing means fixed to the rotating shaft via the fixing means in a state where the positioning means is moved to the retracted position.
And a grindstone for grinding the outer peripheral surface of the gear and the left and right boss end surfaces, wherein the positioning means forms a reference surface substantially orthogonal to the rotation axis.
A, a first positioning member in the direction parallel to the rotary shaft can be moved, provided opposite to said reference surface is movable in the direction parallel to the rotation axis, a boss end surface of the right and left A composite grinding device for gears , comprising: a first positioning member and a second positioning member sandwiched between the first positioning member and the second positioning member. 2. The gear grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein the fixing means is provided at an end portion of the rotary shaft, and faces the end surface of the fixing means coaxially with the rotary shaft. A gear provided with a support means that is disposed and is movable to an end position of the fixing means to support the fixing means, and a retracting position that retracts from the supporting position. Compound grinding machine. 3. An outer peripheral surface of a gear , which is a member to be processed, and left and right
In the grinding process for grinding the boss end surface, and loosely supported by the rotary shaft inner diameter portion of the gear, in loosely supporting state of the gear, the gear is positioned at a predetermined machining position in the axial direction of the rotary shaft , an inner diameter portion of the positioned above the gear tentatively fixed to the rotary shaft, to release the positioning of the gear, thereby rotating the rotary shaft, the grinding wheel by grinding the outer circumferential surface and left and right boss end surface of said gear A composite grinding method for gears , characterized by machining.