JP3544913B2 - Swash plate compressor - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a swash plate type compressor used for a vehicle air conditioning system.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A swash plate type compressor is one of compressors that are incorporated in an air conditioning system for a vehicle and perform a compression work of a refrigerant (gas) by receiving rotational power of an on-board engine.
[0003]
In the swash plate type compressor, a refrigerant (low-pressure gas) is sucked into each cylinder from outside the housing by a reciprocating motion of a plurality of pistons in a plurality of cylinders provided in the housing, and then compressed, Thereafter, the compressed refrigerant (high-pressure gas) is discharged to the outside of the housing.
[0004]
The reciprocating motion of each piston is performed via a shaft rotatably supported by the housing and a swash plate attached to the shaft. The shaft rotates by receiving the rotational power of a vehicle-mounted engine, and the swash plate converts a rotational motion of the shaft into a reciprocating motion of the piston.
[0005]
The low-pressure gas is received in two first chambers provided in the housing prior to introduction into each cylinder, and the high-pressure gas is provided in the housing prior to discharge to the outside of the housing. It is discharged to the two second chambers.
[0006]
The first chamber and the second chamber are set as one set, and these two sets are respectively opposed to both ends of the cylinder, and the low-pressure gas is supplied from each of the first chambers to each end in each cylinder. The high-pressure gas is alternately introduced into both ends of the piston, and the compressed high-pressure gas is alternately discharged into both the second chambers.
[0007]
In order to control the introduction of the low-pressure gas into each cylinder and the discharge of the high-pressure gas from each cylinder, a pair of first and second chambers of each set and each end of the cylinder are respectively connected. A valve plate is located. Each valve plate is provided with an inlet opening and an outlet opening respectively communicating with both the first and second chambers of each set and each cylinder, and a plurality of valves for opening and closing the respective inlet openings and outlet openings respectively. An on-off valve is provided.
[0008]
By the way, the swash plate type compressor has a problem in that the in- vehicle engine receives a large load when the compressor is started .
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a swash plate compressor that can contribute to reducing the load on an on-vehicle engine.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A swash plate type compressor according to the present invention includes two sets of a housing, a first chamber for receiving low-pressure gas, and a second chamber for receiving high-pressure gas, which are spaced from each other in the housing. Two sets of first and second chambers wherein the second chambers are in communication with each other and one of the second chambers is in communication with an outlet port provided in the housing ; a pair of first and second two chambers and the other of the second plurality of cylinders and in each cylinder provided between the other pair of first and second two chambers comprising a chamber containing a chamber A piston rotatably disposed on the shaft, a shaft rotatably supported by the housing, and a reciprocating motion of the piston attached to the shaft for rotating the shaft. A swash plate to be converted, and a pair of valve plates respectively disposed between the cylinder and the two sets of the first and second chambers, each valve plate being connected to each cylinder and each first chamber. A pair of valve plates having an inlet opening communicating therewith and an outlet opening communicating with each cylinder and each second chamber, a plurality of on-off valves for respectively opening and closing the inlet opening and the outlet opening of each valve plate; A recess provided in the housing and opening toward one of the valve plates adjacent to the set of first and second chambers, and a plunger slidably received in the recess; A plunger attached to an opening / closing valve for an outlet opening of a plate; and a compressed target disposed between the plunger and the one valve plate. A spring member, two passages provided in the housing and connected to the recess and two passages respectively connected to the set of first and second chambers adjacent to the one valve plate; A solenoid valve for selectively connecting the one passage to the two passages, wherein the passage connected to the recess is formed by the operation of the solenoid valve. When connected to the passage leading to the chamber, the high-pressure gas is introduced into the recess, whereby the plunger moves in the recess against the spring force of the spring member, and the on-off valve opens the outlet opening. The low-pressure gas is introduced into the recess when the passage connected to the recess is connected to the passage connected to the first chamber. The plunger, which receives the spring force of the spring member, moves in the opposite direction in the recess, and the open / close valve is placed in a non-operating position where the outlet opening is not opened / closed.
[0011]
Function and Effect of the Invention
According to the present invention, the low-pressure gas is alternately sucked into the first two chambers by the reciprocating motion of each piston in each cylinder, under the operation of the on-off valve for opening and closing the inlet openings in both valve plates, The first two chambers are introduced into each cylinder via the inlet openings of both valve plates and are compressed.
[0012]
The compressed high-pressure gas is discharged alternately into the second chambers via the outlet openings under the operation of an on-off valve for opening and closing the outlet openings of both valve plates.
[0013]
In the swash plate compressor of the present invention, before or during the operation, the on-off valve for opening and closing the outlet opening in one of the valve plates is opened and closed from the operating position where the opening and closing operation is not performed. By moving to the working position, the outlet opening can always be left open. As a result, the compression of the refrigerant by each piston in each cylinder is performed only on the other valve plate side and not on the one valve plate side.
[0014]
As a result, the compression capacity of the swash plate compressor is reduced to less than half, but the power required for starting or operating the swash plate compressor is also reduced by half. Therefore, when the swash plate compressor is started, the on-off valve is moved to the non-operating position, and after starting, the valve is returned to the original operating position. Can be avoided. This is particularly suitable for the operation of a swash plate type compressor that is driven intermittently according to the temperature of the vehicle interior.
[0015]
Placing the open / close valve of the outlet opening in the working position and the non-working position can be easily performed by operating the solenoid valve. That is, when the passage connected to the recess is connected to the passage connected to the second chamber by operating the solenoid valve, high-pressure gas flows into the recess, and the plunger resists the spring force of the spring member. The opening and closing valve can be held in the operating position, and when a passage connected to the recess is connected to a passage connected to the first chamber, low pressure is applied to the recess. Gas flows in and the plunger is moved in the opposite direction in the recess by the spring force of the spring member, whereby the on-off valve can be held in the inoperative position.
[0016]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a swash plate compressor is indicated generally by the reference numeral 10.
[0017]
The swash plate type compressor 10 includes a housing 12, a plurality of (for example, five) cylinders 14 provided in the housing, a shaft 16 rotatably supported by the housing 12 and extending on an axis of the housing, and a shaft 16. It has a swash plate 18 attached thereto and a plurality of pistons 20 arranged in a reciprocating manner in the plurality of cylinders 14, respectively.
[0018]
In the illustrated example, a cylinder block 21 that defines a plurality of cylinders 14 is housed in the housing 12 and extends in the axial direction of the housing 12. The plurality of cylinders 14 are arranged at intervals around the shaft 16, and are open at both end surfaces of the cylinder block 21.
[0019]
The housing 12 includes a cylindrical main body 22 for accommodating a cylinder block 21 and a cap 24 fixed to an open end of the main body 22 and closing the same. The body 22 has a tubular portion defining its open other end.
[0020]
The shaft 16 is supported by the housing 12 via a cylinder block 21. More specifically, the shaft 16 extends through the tubular portion of the housing 12 and further passes through the cylinder block 21, and the shaft 16 is rotatably supported by the cylinder block 21 via a pair of radial bearings 25. .
[0021]
The shaft 16 is rotated by receiving the rotational power of a vehicle-mounted engine (not shown). The rotational movement of the shaft 16 is converted via the swash plate 18 into a reciprocating movement of each piston 20.
[0022]
The swash plate 18 is disposed in a cavity 26 provided in the cylinder block 21 and a recess 27 of each piston 20 communicating with the cavity, and is passed through and fixed to the shaft 16 at a boss portion thereof. The boss is in contact with the cylinder block 21 via a pair of thrust bearings 28.
[0023]
The swash plate 18 is in contact with each piston 20 via a pair of disc-shaped shoes 29 and a pair of balls 30. Both shoes 29 are arranged in the recesses 27 of the piston and are in contact with both surfaces of the swash plate 18 respectively. Further, each ball 30 is rotatably held by the shoe 29 and each piston 20.
[0024]
The swash plate 18 is inclined with respect to the shaft 16. That is, the swash plate 18 forms an intersection angle other than 90 degrees with the shaft 16. Therefore, when the swash plate 18 rotates together with the shaft 16, the position of an arbitrary portion in the circumferential direction of the swash plate 18 changes in the axial direction of the shaft 16. As a result, when the swash plate 18 rotates, each piston 20 in contact with the swash plate 18 is forcibly displaced in the axial direction of each piston by the swash plate, and reciprocates.
[0025]
Within the housing 12, two sets of first and second chambers 31, 32 and 33, 34 are provided. That is, one set of the first chamber 31 and the second chamber 32 is provided on the cap 24 on one end side (rear side) of the main body 22, and another set is provided on the other end side (front side) of the main body 22. A first chamber 33 and a second chamber 34 are provided. The two sets of first and second chambers 31, 32 and 33, 34 are open to each other.
[0026]
Each of the first chambers 31 and 33 is formed of an annular space for receiving a refrigerant (low-pressure gas) introduced into the housing 12, and each of the second chambers 32 and 34 is compressed by the piston 20. And an annular space for receiving a refrigerant (high-pressure gas) discharged outside the housing 12.
[0027]
More specifically, the rear second chamber 32 has a generally annular open surface surrounding the axis of the housing 12, and the first chamber 31 has a generally annular opening surrounding the second chamber 32. Has an open surface. On the other hand, the first chamber 33 on the front side has a generally annular open surface surrounding the axis of the housing 12, and the second chamber 34 has a generally annular open surface surrounding the periphery of the first chamber 33. Having.
[0028]
For reference, the first chambers 31, 33 are denoted by a symbol "L" indicating low pressure, and the second chambers 32, 34 are denoted by a symbol "H" indicating high pressure. .
[0029]
The low-pressure gas is guided from an inlet port 35 provided in the cap 24 to each of the first chambers 31 and 33 through a passage (not shown) provided in the housing 12. The low-pressure gas in the first chambers 31 and 33 receives the negative pressure generated by the reciprocating motion of each piston 20 and is sucked into each cylinder 14 alternately from both ends.
[0030]
On the other hand, the discharge of the high-pressure gas from each cylinder 14 into both the second chambers 32 and 34 is performed alternately from both ends of each cylinder 14 according to the reciprocating motion of each piston 20.
[0031]
The discharged high-pressure gas is guided from the second chamber 32 on the rear side to an outlet port (not shown) provided on the cap 24 via a passage (not shown) provided on the cap 24. I will As will be described later, since the second chambers 32 and 34 communicate with each other, the high-pressure gas discharged to the front-side second chamber 34 passes through the rear-side second chamber 32 and passes through the outlet. Led to the port.
[0032]
Both end surfaces of the cylinder block 21 (that is, both end surfaces of the cylinder 14) are opposed to the open surfaces of the two sets of first and second chambers 31, 32 and 33, 34, respectively. A pair of valve plates 38 and 40 are disposed between the first and second chambers 31, 32 and 33, 34, respectively.
[0033]
The rear valve plate 38 of the two valve plates 38, 40 has a cap 24 defining a pair of first and second chambers 31, 32 and one open end face of the cylinder block 21 on both surfaces thereof. Are in close contact with each other. The valve plate 40 on the front side is in airtight contact with the main body 12 defining the other pair of first and second chambers 33 and 34 and the other open end face of the cylinder block 21 on both surfaces thereof. ing.
[0034]
Thus, a closed space including a plurality of cylinders 14 is defined between the two valve plates 38 and 40. Further, a closed space is defined by each set of the first and second chambers 31, 32 and 33, 34 closed by the respective valve plates 38, 40. The second chambers 32 and 34 communicate with each other via a pipe member 37 that penetrates the cylinder block 21.
[0035]
In the illustrated example, the first chamber 33 on the front side communicates with the internal space of the tubular portion of the housing 12, and a shaft is provided in the tubular portion in order to secure the hermeticity of the first chamber 33. A seal member 39 and an O-ring 41 surrounding a part of the portion 16 are arranged.
[0036]
A hole (inlet opening) 42 communicating with the first chamber 31 and each cylinder 14 and a hole (exit opening) communicating with the second chamber 32 and each cylinder 14 are formed in one of the valve plates 38 on the rear side. 44 are provided. The other valve plate 40 on the front side has a hole (inlet opening) 46 communicating with the first chamber 33 and each cylinder 14 and a hole (outlet) communicating with the second chamber 34 and each cylinder 14. Opening 48).
[0037]
Inlet openings 42, 46 allow the flow of the low pressure gas from each first chamber 31, 33 into each cylinder 14, and outlet openings 44, 48 allow each cylinder 14 to pass through each second chamber 32, 34. The flow of the high-pressure gas into the inside is allowed.
[0038]
An on-off valve (not shown) for opening and closing each of the inlet openings 42 and 46 is attached to each of the valve plates 38 and 40.
[0039]
The on-off valve is made of, for example, a leaf spring disposed between and sandwiched between each of the valve plates 38, 40 and the cylinder block 21, and in close contact with each of the valve plates 38, 40 to close each of the inlet openings 42, 46. A check valve. Each of these check valves is elastically deformed and opens each of the inlet openings 42 and 46 when receiving a negative pressure generated in each of the cylinders 14 due to the reciprocating motion of the piston 20.
[0040]
Further, an on-off valve for opening and closing the respective outlet openings 44 and 48 is provided. Of these, the on-off valve for the front-side outlet opening 48 is formed of a leaf spring (not shown) made of a leaf spring disposed in the second chamber 34 and covering each outlet opening 48, and each valve leaf is a retainer. It is supported on the surface of the valve plate 40 via a not shown (not shown).
[0041]
On the other hand, the on-off valve 50 for the rear-side outlet opening 44 is composed of one leaf spring disposed in the second chamber 32 and covering all the outlet openings 44.
[0042]
Each of the on-off valves comprises a check valve which is in close contact with each of the valve plates 38, 40. When the check valve receives the high pressure of the refrigerant compressed in each cylinder 14 with the reciprocating motion of the piston 20, the check valve is elastically deformed and opens the outlet opening.
[0043]
In the swash plate type compressor 10 of the present invention, the plunger 52 is attached to the valve body 50.
[0044]
The plunger 52 is slidably received in its axial direction in a recess 54 provided in the cap 24. The recess 54 has a common axis with the housing 12 and opens toward the rear valve plate 38.
[0045]
The opening / closing valve 50 has an operation position where the opening / closing operation of the outlet opening 44 is performed by the movement of the plunger 52 in the recess 54 (a position where the opening / closing valve 50 is in close contact with the valve plate 38) and a non-operation position where the opening / closing operation is not performed ( The on-off valve 50 can be selectively disposed at a position spaced from and not in contact with the valve plate 38).
[0046]
The plunger 52 is attached to the on-off valve 50 via a plug 56.
[0047]
The plug 56 is formed of a cylindrical body having a large-diameter one end, and the other end sequentially passes through the on-off valve 50 and a plate-shaped retainer 58 for supporting the same. On the other hand, the plunger 52 has a recess 60 on its end face, the other end of the plug 56 being screwed into the recess 60 of the plunger. For this reason, the on-off valve 50 and the retainer 58 are sandwiched between the large-diameter end of the plug 56 and the end face of the plunger 52, and the plunger 52 is integrated with the on-off valve 50.
[0048]
The retainer 58 has a peripheral portion that warps toward the opposite side to the on-off valve 50. This peripheral edge allows the on-off valve 50 to be elastically deformed to open the outlet opening 44 when in the operative position.
[0049]
A compressed spring member, that is, a compressed spring member 62 is disposed between the plunger 52 and the valve plate 38. The illustrated spring member 62 is formed of a coil spring, and exerts a pressing force on the plunger 52 in a direction away from the valve plate 38.
[0050]
The valve plate 38 is provided with a recess 64 that opens toward the plunger 52. The large-diameter one end of the plug 56 is received in the concave portion 62, thereby enabling the on-off valve 50 to be in contact with and close to the valve plate 38.
[0051]
The cap 24 is provided with one passage 66 connected to the recess 54 that receives the plunger 52, a passage 68 connected to the first chamber 31, and a passage 70 connected to the second chamber 32.
[0052]
An electromagnetic valve 72 is attached to the cap 24.
[0053]
The electromagnetic valve 72 has a valve body 78 that moves linearly in the casing 74 by energizing a solenoid 76 disposed in the casing 74 and can selectively reach two positions.
[0054]
The casing 74 of the solenoid valve is provided with three passages 80, 82, 84 communicating with the three passages 66, 68, 70 of the cap 24, respectively. The valve body 78 is provided with two passages 86 and 88.
[0055]
When the valve body 78 is in one of the two positions, one passage 86 of the valve body 78 is connected to the cap passage 66 through the casing passage 80 and through the passages 70, 84, 86, 80 and 66. , The high pressure gas in the second chamber 32 flows into the recess 54. The high pressure gas flowing into the recess 54, the opening and closing valve 50 is until it abuts against the valve Plate 38 is moved within the recess 54 against the plunger 52 to the spring force of the spring member 62. As a result, the on-off valve 50 is placed in the operating position (FIG. 1).
[0056]
Conversely, when the valve body 78 of the solenoid valve is at the other of the two positions, the other passage 88 of the valve body 78 communicates with the passage 66 of the cap via the passage 80 of the casing, and the passages 68, 82, 88. , 80 and 66, the low pressure gas in the first chamber 31 flows into the recess 54. The force exerted on the plunger 52 by the low-pressure gas flowing into the recess 54 is smaller than the spring force of the spring member 62. For this reason, the plunger 52 which receives this spring force moves in the opposite direction in the recess 54 until it hits the bottom surface of the recess. As a result, the on-off valve 50 moves away from the valve plate 38 and is placed in the non-operating position (FIG. 2).
[0057]
The on-off valve 50 can be easily and quickly placed in one of the working position and the non-working position by operating the solenoid valve 72.
[0058]
When the on-off valve 50 is in the operating position, the compressor 10 operates normally. That is, the refrigerant sucked by the reciprocating motion of each piston 20 is compressed at both ends of each piston 20 and discharged to the second chambers 32 and 34 through the outlet openings 44 and 48 on the rear and front sides.
[0059]
On the other hand, when the on-off valve 50 is in the non-operating position, the rear outlet opening 44 on which the on-off valve 50 should perform the opening / closing operation is always in an open state. No compression is performed, so there is no discharge of high-pressure gas into the second chamber 32 on the rear side.
[0060]
As a result, the compression of the refrigerant is performed only on the front side second chamber 34 side, and the compressed high-pressure gas is discharged only into the second chamber 34 communicating with the front side outlet opening 48. The high-pressure gas moves to the rear side second chamber 32 through the passage 37 and is discharged out of the housing 12 through the outlet port.
[0061]
At this time, the discharge amount of the high-pressure gas is equal to or less than half of the discharge amount during the operation of the compressor 10 when the on-off valve 50 is at the operating position. Therefore, the magnitude of the load on the on-vehicle engine generated for driving the compressor 10 is also less than half.
[0062]
An electric control unit (not shown) starts transmission of the rotational power of the vehicle-mounted engine to the shaft 16, that is, the operation start time of the compressor 10 that is operated intermittently, and the operation start time of the solenoid valve 72. And can be matched.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a swash plate type compressor in which a rear open / close valve is in an operating position.
FIG. 2 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of the swash plate type compressor shown in FIG. 1 with an on-off valve in a non-operating position.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 10 swash plate compressor 12 housing 14 cylinder 16 shaft 18 swash plate 20 piston 31, 33 first chamber 32, 34 second chamber 38, 40 valve plate 42, 46 inlet opening 44, 48 outlet opening 50 on-off valve 52 plunger 54 recess 62 spring member 66, 68, 70 passage 72 solenoid valve

Claims (1)

A housing,
Provided spaced from each other in the housing, second two sets are a a second of the two chambers communicating vital one another chamber for receiving a first chamber and a high pressure gas for receiving low pressure gas Two sets of a first chamber and a second chamber, one of which is connected to an outlet port provided in the housing ;
Multiple provided between the pair of the other pair of first and second two chambers containing both the first and second chambers and the other of the second chamber containing the one of the second chamber Cylinders and pistons arranged reciprocally within each cylinder,
A shaft rotatably supported by the housing, and a swash plate attached to the shaft and configured to convert rotational movement of the shaft into reciprocating movement of the piston;
A pair of valve plates disposed between the cylinder and the two sets of first and second chambers, each valve plate communicating with each cylinder and each first chamber; A pair of valve plates having an outlet opening communicating with the cylinder and each second chamber;
A plurality of on-off valves that respectively open and close the inlet opening and the outlet opening of each valve plate,
A recess provided in the housing and opening toward one of the valve plates adjacent the set of first and second chambers, and a plunger slidably received in the recess. A plunger attached to an on-off valve for the outlet opening of the valve plate,
A compressed spring member disposed between the plunger and the one valve plate;
A passage provided in the housing, the passage being connected to the recess, and two passages each being connected to the set of first and second chambers adjacent to the one valve plate;
An electromagnetic valve attached to the housing, the electromagnetic valve selectively connecting the one passage to the two passages,
By operating the solenoid valve, the high pressure gas is introduced into the recess when the passage leading to the recess is connected to the passage leading to the second chamber, whereby the plunger exerts a spring force on the spring member. The opening and closing valve moves to a position where the opening and closing operation of the outlet opening is performed, and a passage connected to the recess is connected to a passage connected to the first chamber. When the low-pressure gas is introduced into the recess, the plunger receiving the spring force of the spring member moves in the recess in the opposite direction, and the on-off valve does not open or close the outlet opening. A swash plate compressor placed in the working position.

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