JP4496718B2 - POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME - Google Patents
POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME Download PDFInfo
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- JP4496718B2 JP4496718B2 JP2003162092A JP2003162092A JP4496718B2 JP 4496718 B2 JP4496718 B2 JP 4496718B2 JP 2003162092 A JP2003162092 A JP 2003162092A JP 2003162092 A JP2003162092 A JP 2003162092A JP 4496718 B2 JP4496718 B2 JP 4496718B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、スルホン酸、および/または、そのアルカリ金属塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂が多孔基材に充填された高分子電解質膜に関するものであり、さらに詳しくは、燃料電池、2次電池、キャパシタ、イオン交換膜、分離膜などの用途に好適な高分子電解質膜に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
固体高分子型燃料電池用イオン交換膜として、パ−フロロスルホン酸膜や炭化水素系高分子電解質膜が多く検討されている。しかし、耐熱性、燃料バリア性、力学的強度、価格、環境などの点から、まだ多くの問題を有している。
高分子電解質膜の耐熱性や強度を高め、また、燃料の透過性を調節する方法として、多孔基材に高分子電解質を充填する方法は有用である。
【0003】
例えば、オレフィン多孔基材に高分子電解質が充填されたもの(特許文献1)や、フッ素系多孔基材に高分子電解質が充填されたものが知られている(特許文献2、特許文献3)。しかし、これらの多孔基材は、耐熱性や燃料透過性が不十分であり、フッ素系多孔基材では、その製造時あるいは廃棄時に環境負荷が大きい問題もある。耐熱性炭化水素系高分子からなる多孔基材を用いた高分子電解質膜として、例えば、芳香族ポリアミド系多孔基材にパ−フルオロスルホン酸系電解質を充填したものが知られている(特許文献4)が、フッ素系電解質の使用は、前述したように価格や環境などに問題がある。
【0004】
また、芳香族ポリイミド系多孔基材に、主にビニル系ポリマ−電解質を充填したものが知られている(特許文献5)が、ビニル系ポリマ−電解質は、耐熱性、耐酸化劣化性が低い問題がある。また種々の多孔膜にスルホン化されたポリマ−を充填したものが知られている(特許文献6、特許文献7)。しかし、浸透させる高分子電解質溶液はその溶液の粘度が高い、耐熱性高分子多孔基材との親和性が乏しいなどの原因により、簡単に耐熱性高分子多孔基材に高分子電解質を充填することができないという問題があった。また、これらの耐熱性炭化水素系行高分子からなる多孔基材に高分子電解質を充填した高分子電解質膜を記載した特許では、充填される高分子電解質として、スルホン化フェノ−ル樹脂についてなんら言及されていない。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平1−22932号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平6−29032号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平9−194609号公報
【特許文献4】
特開2002−358979号公報
【特許文献5】
特開2002−083612号公報
【特許文献6】
特表2001−514431号公報
【特許文献7】
米国特許第6248469号明細書
【0006】
【本発明が解決しようとする問題】
本発明の目的は、容易に製造することのできる耐熱性のある芳香族高分子からなる多孔基材に高分子電解質が充填された高分子電解質膜およびその製造法を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題に対し、スルホン酸基あるいはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂が炭化水素系芳香族高分子に非常に馴染みが良く、容易に充填可能なことを見い出した。
従って、本発明は、ガラス転位温度を100℃より低い温度に持たない芳香族ポリイミドまたは芳香族ポリエーテルの多孔基材に、スルホン酸基またはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂が充填された高分子電解質膜の製造法であり、
多孔基材は、平均孔径が0.01〜50μmの多孔基材を用い、
(1)フェノ−ル類および/またはその誘導体、(2)亜硫酸塩および/または亜硫酸水素塩、(3)ホルムアルデヒド水溶液および/またはホルムアルデヒド化合物、必要ならば(4)水を混合後、反応して得られる粘度が200ポイズ以下のプレポリマー溶液を多孔基材に充填後、60〜200℃で1分〜72時間加熱し、硬化することを特徴とする高分子電解質膜の製造法に関する。
【0008】
また、本発明は、上記の高分子電解質膜の製造法より得られる高分子電解質膜に関する。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下にこの発明の好ましい態様を列記する。
1)スルホン酸基またはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂が、下記の化学式(1)
【0010】
【化2】
【0011】
[ここで、R1は水素原子または炭素数1〜6のアルキル基を示し、R2はなしあるいはCH2を、Xは水素原子またはアルカリ金属を示す。]
からなる構造を含有するスルホン酸基またはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂である上記の高分子電解質膜。
【0012】
2)ガラス転位温度を100℃より低い温度に持たない多孔基材が、芳香環を有する炭化水素系高分子である上記の高分子電解質膜。
3)ガラス転位温度を100℃より低い温度に持たない多孔基材が、芳香族ポリイミドである上記の高分子電解質膜。
4)ガラス転位温度を100℃より低い温度に持たない多孔基材が、芳香族ポリエ−テルである上記の高分子電解質膜。
5)スルホン酸基またはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂のプレポリマ−溶液の粘度が200ポイズ以下である上記の高分子電解質膜の製造法。
【0013】
本発明においては、多孔基材として、ガラス転移温度を100℃より低い温度に持たない、好適には110℃より低い温度に持たない耐熱性高分子からなる高分子微多孔質膜を使用する。高分子微多孔質膜を構成する高分子の融点が高くても、ガラス転移温度が低いと高温使用時に機械的強度が劣る恐れがある。本発明においては、高温使用時の耐熱性、線膨張係数が小さいことによる多孔質構造保持性の観点から前記の耐熱性高分子からなる高分子微多孔質膜を選択する。
【0014】
そのような高分子微多孔質膜としては、ポリイミド、ポリエ−テルイミド、ポリエ−テルスルホン、ポリスルホン、ポリアリ−ルエ−テルスルホン、ポリフェニレンオキシド、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリエ−テルケトン、ポリエ−テルエ−テルケトンなどの芳香族高分子微多孔質膜を好ましく挙げることができる。
特に、ポリイミド、ポリエ−テルイミド、ポリスルホン、ポリエ−テルスルホン、ポリエ−テルケトン、ポリエ−テルエ−テルケトン、ポリアリ−ルエ−テルスルホンが、充填のされやすさ、耐熱性、入手のしやすさの点から好ましい。
【0015】
上記多孔基材の厚みは、0.1〜500μmであり、好ましくは、1〜400μm、さらに好ましくは、3〜300μmである。厚みが、0.1μm以下となると、膜の強度が低くなることから好ましくなく、また、500μmより厚くなるとイオン伝導の抵抗が大きくなり好ましくない。
【0016】
多孔基材全体の体積から、高分子の占める体積を減じたものを多孔基材全体の体積で除した百分率である多孔基材の空隙率は、10〜95%、好ましくは、15〜90%、さらに好ましくは20〜85%である。空孔率が10%より小さいと、高分子電解質膜とした時のイオン伝導度が低くなり好ましくなく、一方、空孔率が95%より高いと高分子電解質膜の強度が低くなり好ましくない。
【0017】
本発明に用いられる多孔基材の平均孔径は、好ましくは、0.01〜50μmであり、さらに好ましくは、0.05〜10μmである。平均孔径が小さすぎるとスルホン酸基またはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂の充填が困難となり、大きすぎると多孔基材の機械的強度が低下したり、スルホン酸基またはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂を安定に保持できなくなるので好ましくない。また、ガ−レイ値は、10〜1000sec/100ccの膜が好適に使用できる。
【0018】
本発明に用いられる高分子微多孔質膜は、溶媒流延法、押出法、溶融法、延伸法などの公知の方法で製造することができ、市販のものを用いてもよい。
例えば、芳香族ポリエ−テルスルホン微多孔質膜は、一般的な溶媒流延法により製造される。芳香族ポリエ−テルスルホンを水と混和する溶媒に所定濃度に溶解し、ガラス板状に流延、これを水中に浸漬してポリマ−を析出させ、乾燥することによって芳香族ポリエ−テルスルホン微多孔質膜を得ることができる。また、市販のものを入手して用いることもできる。芳香族ポリエ−テルスルホンは、公知の方法で合成でき、市販のものを入手して用いることもできる。
【0019】
また、両面に貫通した細孔を有するポリイミド微多孔質膜は、例えば特開平11−310658、特開2000−306568に開示されている。すなわち、ポリイミド前駆体0.3〜60重量%と溶媒99.7〜40重量%からなる溶液を調製し、前記溶液をフィルム状に流延した後、溶媒の置換速度を調整するために、ポリオレフィン等の微多孔質膜で表面を覆い、凝固溶媒に接触させることによってポリイミド前駆体を析出、微多孔質化させる。その後、該ポリイミド前駆体微多孔質膜を熱処理或いは化学処理することでイミド化することにより該ポリイミド微多孔質膜を得ることができる。
【0020】
本発明で用いられるスルホン酸基またはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂は、化学式(2)
【0021】
【化3】
【0022】
[ここで、R1は、水素原子または炭素数1〜6のアルキル基を示し、Xは、水素原子またはアルカリ金属を示す。]
もしくは、化学式(1)
【0023】
【化4】
[ここで、R1は、水素原子または炭素数1〜6のアルキル基を示し、Xは、水素原子またはアルカリ金属を示す。]
で表される構造を有するものである。このようなスルホン酸基またはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂は、すでに公知であり、例えば、具体的な構造が、例えば、村山新一、「プラスチック材料講座15 フェノ−ル樹脂」、日刊工業新聞社、東京、78頁図(1970)などに記載されている。
【0024】
また、その合成法は、化学式(1)の構造を有するものならば、例えば、特公昭33−9490号公報に記載されており、化学式(2)の構造を有するものならば、例えば、米国特許2204539号明細書に記載されている。本発明においては、高分子電解質膜の容易さ、およびスルホン酸基またはその塩の安定性から、前記の化学式(1)で表される構造を有するものが好ましい。
【0025】
本発明において、前記の化学式(1)の構造を有するスルホン酸基またはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂は、例えば、(1)フェノ−ル、クレゾ−ル、アニソ−ル、エトキシベンゼン、ブトキシベンゼンなどのフェノ−ル化合物および/またはその誘導体、(2)亜硫酸塩および/または亜硫酸水素塩、(3)ホルムアルデヒド水溶液および/またはホルマ−ル、パラホルムアルデヒドなどのホルムアルデヒド化合物とを原料として、必要ならば水を添加して、反応させることによって合成することができる。
【0026】
本発明において、スルホン酸基またはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂の原料を混合しただけでは、その溶液は、固形成分の存在するスラリ−状である。したがって、多孔基材に充填するためには、充填する温度で均一溶液状態となる幾分反応が進行したプレポリマ−溶液を調整し、そのプレポリマ−溶液を充填する必要がある。このことから、高分子電解質膜は、(1)スルホン酸基またはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂のプレポリマ−溶液を調整し、(2)その溶液を多孔基材に充填後、(3)スルホン酸基またはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂のプレポリマ−を硬化させることによって、製造することができる。
【0027】
スルホン酸基またはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂のプレポリマ−溶液は、上記原料を、所定の割合で、混合、加熱することによって、調整される。この時、フェノ−ル化合物および/またはその誘導体1モルに対して、ホルムアルデヒド水溶液および/またはホルマ−ル、パラホルムアルデヒドなどのホルムアルデヒド化合物は、1.5〜10モル、より好ましくは、1.5〜7モル用いることが好ましい。1.5モルより少ないと、硬化反応が不十分となり、一方、10モルより多くなると副反応や未反応のホルムアルデヒドが多くなり好ましくない。また、亜硫酸塩および/または亜硫酸水素塩は、フェノ−ル化合物またはその誘導体1モルに対して、0.2〜2モル、より好ましくは、0.3〜1.5モル用いることが好ましい。0.2モルより少ない、あるいは2モルより多くなると硬化反応が不十分となり好ましくない。
【0028】
本発明において、前記のフェノ−ル樹脂のプレポリマ−溶液は、必要ならば、水が添加され、50〜100℃で、1分〜24時間加熱することによって、調整される。このとき、フェノ−ル樹脂のプレポリマ−溶液の粘度は、多孔基材に充填する温度において、200ポイズ以下であることが好ましい。プレポリマ−溶液の粘度が200ポイズより高いと、多孔基材に充填することが困難となることから好ましくない。添加する水の量は、ホルムアルデヒド水溶液の水分と合わせて全仕込み量の5〜60重量%、より好ましくは、10〜50重量%となるように添加することが好ましい。系中の水分量が5重量%より少ないとプレポリマ−溶液が均一にならない可能性があることから好ましくなく、また、60重量%より多いと、多孔基材に充填後の硬化時に、発泡する可能性があることから好ましくない。
【0029】
本発明において、スルホン酸基またはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂の多孔基材への充填は、公知の方法を用いることができ、例えば、(1)プレポリマ−溶液に、多孔基材を浸漬する、(2)多孔基材上にプレポリマ−溶液を塗布する、(3)多孔基材上にプレポリマ−溶液を塗布し、反対面から減圧するなどの方法により達成することができる。
【0030】
プレポリマ−溶液充填後、60〜200℃、好ましくは65〜190℃、さらに好ましくは、70〜180℃で、1分〜72時間、好ましくは、2分〜48時間、加熱することにより、スルホン酸基またはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂を硬化させることにより、本発明の高分子電解質膜を製造することができる。このとき、ステンレスなどの金属板、ガラス板、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレ−ト、ポリブチレンテレフタレ−ト、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、芳香族ポリエ−テル、ポリフッ化エチレンなどのフッ素系樹脂などの樹脂フィルムによって、プレポリマ−溶液の充填された多孔基材の片面を支持してもよく、また、保護の目的で両面に張り合わせても良い。実際の使用時には、これらの支持体または保護体を剥離して用いる。
【0031】
本発明では、上記の方法によるスルホン酸基またはその塩を有するフェノ−ル樹脂の多孔基材への充填後、あるいは硬化後、必要ならば、再度、片面または両面にプレポリマ−溶液を塗布し、硬化させても良い。この時、充填されるプレポリマ−溶液と後から塗布されるプレポリマ−溶液は、同一でもよく、異なっていても良い。
また、必要ならば、高分子電解質膜にパ−フルオロスルホン酸ポリマ−、スルホン化ポリイミド、アルコキシスルホン化ポリイミド、スルホン化芳香族ポリエ−テル、アルキルスルホン化芳香族ポリエ−テル、スルホン化ポリベンゾイミダゾ−ル、スルホン化ポリベンゾオキサゾ−ル、スルホン化ポリフェニレンオキシド、スルホン化ポリフェニレンスルフィド、スルホン化ポリスチレンなどのスルホン酸基を有するポリマ−溶液を塗布(あるいは含浸)、乾燥して用いてもよい。
【0032】
本発明では、上記により得られた高分子電解質膜のスルホン酸基が、塩の状態の場合、高分子電解質膜を塩酸、硫酸、硝酸水溶液などの酸性水溶液に浸漬することにより、容易にスルホン酸基に変換することができる。
【0033】
【実施例】
以下、実施例および比較例により本発明を、より具体的に説明する。なお、実施例および実施例における各測定は以下のように行った。
<ガラス転位温度>
−150℃〜450℃の範囲について、歪み0.1%、周波数5Hzで、レオメトリックス社製RSA−IIにより測定。
により測定した。
<イオン伝導度>
恒温恒湿機中で、2mmの間隔で白金線が取り付けられ、その間にスリットを設けてあるポリフッ化エチレンン板と、通常のポリフッ化エチレンン板の間に5mm幅の高分子電解質膜を挟み、50℃、90%RHで、日置電機(株)製3532 LCRハイテスタを用いて、複素インピ−ダンス測定によりイオン伝導度を求めた。
【0034】
<イオン交換容量>
試料を0.05Nの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に、60℃で3時間浸漬後、その水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を、0.05Nの塩酸で滴定し、試料浸漬により消費された水酸化ナトリウム量を求めることにより、イオン交換容量を求めた。
<粘度>
プレポリマ−溶液1.1ml(比較例1では、0.4ml)を用いて、東京計器製E型粘度計で、所定温度で測定した。なお、加熱は、カップ部に所定温度の水を流すことにより行った。
<充填率および空孔率>
実施例および比較例で用いたポリイミド多孔基材の空孔率S1はポリイミドの密度ρ1(1.34g/cm3)を用いて、次式により求めた。
【0035】
【式1】
[ここで、Vはポリイミド多孔基材の面積と厚みから求めた体積であり、W1は質量である。]
【0036】
充填率S2は充填前の多孔基材の質量W1と、充填、硬化後の質量W2とから、次式により求めた。
【式2】
【0037】
[ここで、ρ2はフェノ−ル樹脂の密度である。なお、以下の計算では、実施例1のフェノ−ルプレポリマ−溶液を微多孔膜に充填せずに、ガラス板に挟んで、実施例1の条件で硬化したものの密度(1.27g/cm3)を用いた。]
【0038】
合成例1(ポリイミド多孔基材の合成)
攪拌器、窒素導入管、排気管を備えた四つ口セパラブルフラスコ中に溶媒としてN,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、ジアミン成分として4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルエ−テルを、窒素雰囲気下、40℃にて攪拌、溶解させた。次いで、3,3’,4,4’−ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物をジアミン成分に対して等モルまで順次数段階に分けて添加し、40℃で約12hr攪拌反応させることで、固形成分の重量比が9.1重量%の粘稠なポリアミック酸溶液を得た。この溶液を、鏡面研磨したSUS板上に流延し、その後、溶媒の置換速度を調整するために、ポリオレフィン製微多孔質膜(宇部興産社製;UP−3025)で表面を覆い、該積層物をメタノ−ル中に、続けて水中に浸漬することでポリアミック酸微多孔質膜を得た。この膜の周囲をピンテンタ−で固定した後、大気中にて320℃で熱処理を行うことで、次の特性を持つポリイミド微多孔質膜PI−1を得た。
【0039】
Tg 275℃
平均孔径 0.18μm
空孔率 40%
ガ−レイ値 110sec/100cc
膜厚 29μm
【0040】
実施例1
フェノ−ル5g(0.05モル)、パラホルムアルデヒド4.85g(0.16モル)、亜硫酸ナトリウム1g(0.01モル)、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム0.75g(0.01モル)、水5gを、窒素気流下、85℃で5分間、加熱、撹拌した。得られた淡黄色の均一溶液を、室温まで冷却した。冷却後も、プレポリマ−溶液は、均一溶液の状態であった。また、その粘度は、室温で、45センチポイズであった。
【0041】
合成例1で得たポリイミド多孔基材を、室温でプレポリマ−溶液に10秒間浸漬し、プレポリマ−溶液を充填した。プレポリマ−溶液を充填したポリイミド多孔基材を、ガラス板で挟み、90℃、15時間加熱した。冷却後、ガラス板間から試料を取り出したところ、ポリイミド多孔基材を充填してフェノ−ル樹脂は硬化していた。40℃、16時間真空乾燥後、この膜の厚みは30μmであり、また、充填率は85容積%であった。なお、プレポリマ−溶液には、水分(仕込み時、30質量%)が存在することを考慮すると、プレポリマ−溶液はポリイミド基材の空孔をほぼ完全に充填していると考えられる。
得られた膜を、1Nの硫酸水溶液に、室温で5時間浸漬後、洗浄液が中性になるまで水洗した。この膜のイオン交換容量は、1.2ミリ等量/gであった。また、イオン伝導度は、1ミリS/cmであった。
【0042】
実施例2
実施例1を繰り返して再現性をみたところ、ほぼ同一の結果を得ることができた。
【0043】
実施例3
実施例1で調整したプレポリマ−溶液を、室温でポリイミド多孔基材上に塗布し、プレポリマ−溶液を充填した。プレポリマ−溶液を充填したポリイミド多孔基材を、ガラス板で挟み、90℃、15時間加熱した。冷却後、ガラス板間から試料を取り出したところ、ポリイミド多孔基材を充填してフェノ−ル樹脂は硬化していた。この充填率は84容積%であった。プレポリマ−溶液はポリイミド基材の空孔をほぼ完全に充填していると考えられる。
また、イオン伝導度は、実施例1とほぼ同等である。
【0044】
実施例4
プレポリマ−の調整時間を10分間とした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてプレポリマ−溶液を調整した。得られた液は、黄色均一溶液で、その粘度は、室温で50センチポイズであった。
ポリイミド多孔基材をステンレス網上に置き、室温でプレポリマ−溶液を塗布後、下部から減圧した。プレポリマ−溶液がポリイミド多孔基材を透過することが観察された。このようにしてプレポリマ−溶液を充填したポリイミド多孔基材を、ガラス板で挟み、90℃、15時間加熱した。得られた高分子電解質膜は、ポリイミド多孔基材を充填してフェノ−ル樹脂が硬化したものであった。この充填率は87容積%であった。プレポリマ−溶液はポリイミド基材の空孔をほぼ完全に充填していると考えられる。
また、イオン伝導度は、実施例1とほぼ同等である。
【0045】
実施例5
添加した水を3.15g、反応温度を76℃、反応時間を15分とした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてプレポリマ−溶液を調整した。得られた液は、70℃で黄色均一溶液で、その粘度は、70℃で2ポイズであった。
ポリイミド多孔基材を、70℃でプレポリマ−溶液に浸漬し、プレポリマ−溶液を充填した。プレポリマ−溶液を充填したポリイミド多孔基材を、ガラス板で挟み、90℃、15時間加熱した。冷却後、ガラス板間から試料を取り出したところ、ポリイミド多孔基材を充填してフェノ−ル樹脂は硬化していた。この充填率は85容積%であった。
また、イオン伝導度は、実施例1とほぼ同等である。
【0046】
実施例6
フェノ−ル5g(0.05モル)、パラホルムアルデヒド9.7g(0.33モル)、亜硫酸ナトリウム2g(0.02モル)、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム1.5g(0.01モル)、水6.3gを、窒素気流下、85℃で5分間、加熱、撹拌した。得られた黄色の均一溶液を、室温まで冷却した。冷却後も、プレポリマ−溶液は、均一溶液の状態であった。また、その粘度は、室温で、47センチポイズであった。
ポリイミド多孔基材を、室温でプレポリマ−溶液に浸漬し、プレポリマ−溶液を充填した。プレポリマ−溶液を充填したポリイミド多孔基材を、ガラス板で挟み、100℃、5時間加熱した。冷却後、ガラス板間から試料を取り出したところ、ポリイミド多孔基材を充填してフェノ−ル樹脂は硬化していた。この充填率は83容積%であった。
また、イオン伝導度は、実施例1とほぼ同等である。
【0047】
比較例1〜2
加熱時間を90分とした以外は、実施例5と同様にしてプレポリマ−溶液を調整した。得られた溶液は、茶色であり、また、70℃での粘度は、300ポイズであった。
ポリイミド多孔基材を、70℃でプレポリマ−溶液に浸漬したが、ポリイミド多孔基材に、プレポリマ−溶液は充填することはできなかった。
また、実施例3と同様な方法で充填を試みた(プレポリマ−溶液の温度:70℃)が、プレポリマ−溶液は、ポリイミド多孔基材を透過することなく、充填することはできなかった。
【0048】
実施例7
実施例1と同様にして得られた高分子電解質膜を、ナフィオン溶液(アルドリッチ社製、5質量%、アルコ−ル類/水溶液)に浸漬後、取出し、乾燥した。乾燥後の厚みは31μmであった。イオン伝導度は実施例1と同等であった。
【0049】
【発明の効果】
この発明によれば、高分子電解質が耐熱性のある芳香族高分子からなる多孔基材に簡単な操作で高い充填率で充填したイオン伝導度を有する高分子電解質膜を得ることができる。
また、この発明の方法によれば、耐熱性のある芳香族高分子からなる多孔基材に高分子電解質が充填された均一な性能の高分子電解質膜を再現性良く製造することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte membrane in which a porous substrate is filled with a sulfonic acid and / or a phenol resin having an alkali metal salt thereof, and more specifically, a fuel cell, a secondary battery, and a capacitor. The present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte membrane suitable for applications such as ion exchange membranes and separation membranes.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Many perfluorosulfonic acid membranes and hydrocarbon polymer electrolyte membranes have been studied as ion exchange membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. However, it still has many problems in terms of heat resistance, fuel barrier properties, mechanical strength, price, environment, and the like.
As a method for increasing the heat resistance and strength of the polymer electrolyte membrane and adjusting the fuel permeability, a method of filling a porous substrate with a polymer electrolyte is useful.
[0003]
For example, one in which a polymer electrolyte is filled in an olefin porous substrate (Patent Document 1) and one in which a polymer electrolyte is filled in a fluorine-based porous substrate are known (Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3). . However, these porous substrates are insufficient in heat resistance and fuel permeability, and the fluorine-based porous substrate has a problem that the environmental load is large at the time of production or disposal. As a polymer electrolyte membrane using a porous substrate made of a heat-resistant hydrocarbon polymer, for example, an aromatic polyamide porous substrate filled with a perfluorosulfonic acid electrolyte is known (Patent Document) 4) However, the use of a fluorine-based electrolyte has problems in price and environment as described above.
[0004]
In addition, a material in which an aromatic polyimide-based porous substrate is mainly filled with a vinyl polymer electrolyte is known (Patent Document 5). However, a vinyl polymer electrolyte has low heat resistance and resistance to oxidation deterioration. There's a problem. Also, various porous membranes filled with sulfonated polymers are known (Patent Documents 6 and 7). However, the polymer electrolyte solution to be permeated easily fills the heat-resistant polymer porous substrate with the polymer electrolyte due to the high viscosity of the solution or poor affinity with the heat-resistant polymer porous substrate. There was a problem that I could not. Further, in a patent that describes a polymer electrolyte membrane in which a porous substrate made of these heat-resistant hydrocarbon-based polymers is filled with a polymer electrolyte, there is nothing about sulfonated phenol resin as the filled polymer electrolyte. Not mentioned.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-1-22932 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-6-29032 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-9-194609 [Patent Document 4]
JP 2002-358879 A [Patent Document 5]
JP 2002-083612 A [Patent Document 6]
JP-T-2001-514431 [Patent Document 7]
US Pat. No. 6,248,469 specification
[Problems to be solved by the present invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a polymer electrolyte membrane in which a porous substrate made of a heat-resistant aromatic polymer that can be easily produced is filled with a polymer electrolyte, and a method for producing the same. .
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In response to the above problems, the present inventors have found that a phenol resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof is very familiar with a hydrocarbon-based aromatic polymer and can be easily filled.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a polymer in which a porous substrate of an aromatic polyimide or aromatic polyether having a glass transition temperature lower than 100 ° C. is filled with a phenol resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof. An electrolyte membrane manufacturing method,
The porous substrate uses a porous substrate having an average pore diameter of 0.01 to 50 μm,
(1) phenols and / or derivatives thereof, (2) sulfite and / or hydrogen sulfite, (3) formaldehyde aqueous solution and / or formaldehyde compound, and (4) water if necessary, and then reacted. The present invention relates to a method for producing a polymer electrolyte membrane, wherein a porous polymer is filled with a prepolymer solution having a viscosity of 200 poise or less to be obtained, and then heated and cured at 60 to 200 ° C. for 1 minute to 72 hours .
[0008]
Moreover, this invention relates to the polymer electrolyte membrane obtained from the manufacturing method of said polymer electrolyte membrane .
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are listed below.
1) A phenol resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof is represented by the following chemical formula (1)
[0010]
[Chemical formula 2]
[0011]
[Wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R 2 represents none or CH 2 , and X represents a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal. ]
The above-mentioned polymer electrolyte membrane which is a phenol resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof containing a structure consisting of
[0012]
2) The polymer electrolyte membrane as described above, wherein the porous substrate having a glass transition temperature lower than 100 ° C. is a hydrocarbon polymer having an aromatic ring.
3) The polymer electrolyte membrane as described above, wherein the porous substrate having a glass transition temperature lower than 100 ° C. is an aromatic polyimide.
4) The polymer electrolyte membrane as described above, wherein the porous substrate having a glass transition temperature lower than 100 ° C. is an aromatic polyether.
5) The method for producing a polymer electrolyte membrane as described above, wherein the viscosity of the prepolymer solution of the phenol resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof is 200 poise or less.
[0013]
In the present invention, a polymer microporous film made of a heat-resistant polymer that does not have a glass transition temperature lower than 100 ° C., preferably not lower than 110 ° C., is used as the porous substrate. Even if the melting point of the polymer constituting the polymer microporous membrane is high, if the glass transition temperature is low, the mechanical strength may be inferior when used at high temperatures. In the present invention, a polymer microporous film made of the above heat-resistant polymer is selected from the viewpoint of heat resistance during high-temperature use and porous structure retention due to a small linear expansion coefficient.
[0014]
Such polymer microporous membranes include high aromatics such as polyimide, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyarylethersulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetheretherketone, polyetheretherketone. A molecular microporous membrane can be preferably mentioned.
In particular, polyimide, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, polyetheretherketone, and polyarylethersulfone are preferable from the viewpoint of easy filling, heat resistance, and availability.
[0015]
The thickness of the porous substrate is 0.1 to 500 μm, preferably 1 to 400 μm, and more preferably 3 to 300 μm. If the thickness is 0.1 μm or less, it is not preferable because the strength of the film is low, and if it is more than 500 μm, the resistance of ionic conduction increases, which is not preferable.
[0016]
The porosity of the porous substrate, which is a percentage obtained by dividing the volume of the entire porous substrate by the volume of the polymer, divided by the volume of the entire porous substrate, is 10 to 95%, preferably 15 to 90%. More preferably, it is 20 to 85%. When the porosity is less than 10%, the ionic conductivity when the polymer electrolyte membrane is made is low, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the porosity is higher than 95%, the strength of the polymer electrolyte membrane is not preferable.
[0017]
The average pore diameter of the porous substrate used in the present invention is preferably 0.01 to 50 μm, and more preferably 0.05 to 10 μm. If the average pore size is too small, it becomes difficult to fill the phenol resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, and if it is too large, the mechanical strength of the porous substrate is lowered, or the phenol having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof is used. This is not preferable because the resin cannot be stably held. A film having a Galley value of 10 to 1000 sec / 100 cc can be preferably used.
[0018]
The polymer microporous membrane used in the present invention can be produced by a known method such as a solvent casting method, an extrusion method, a melting method, or a stretching method, and a commercially available one may be used.
For example, an aromatic polyethersulfone microporous membrane is produced by a general solvent casting method. Aromatic polyethersulfone is dissolved in a water-miscible solvent at a predetermined concentration, cast into a glass plate, immersed in water to precipitate a polymer, and dried to dry the aromatic polyethersulfone microporous material. A membrane can be obtained. Moreover, a commercially available thing can also be obtained and used. Aromatic polyethersulfone can be synthesized by a known method, and a commercially available product can also be obtained and used.
[0019]
Moreover, the polyimide microporous film | membrane which has the pore penetrated on both surfaces is disclosed by Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 11-310658 and Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2000-306568, for example. That is, after preparing a solution composed of 0.3 to 60% by weight of a polyimide precursor and 99.7 to 40% by weight of a solvent, casting the solution into a film, and then adjusting the solvent substitution rate, polyolefin A polyimide precursor is deposited and made microporous by covering the surface with a microporous film, etc., and bringing it into contact with a coagulation solvent. Thereafter, the polyimide microporous membrane can be obtained by imidizing the polyimide precursor microporous membrane by heat treatment or chemical treatment.
[0020]
The phenol resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof used in the present invention has the chemical formula (2)
[0021]
[Chemical 3]
[0022]
[Wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and X represents a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal. ]
Or chemical formula (1)
[0023]
[Formula 4]
[Wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and X represents a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal. ]
It has the structure represented by these. A phenol resin having such a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof is already known. For example, the specific structure is, for example, Shinichi Murayama, “Plastic Materials Course 15 Phenolic Resin”, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun. , Tokyo, page 78 (1970).
[0024]
The synthesis method is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 33-9490, if it has the structure of chemical formula (1), and if it has the structure of chemical formula (2), for example, US Patent No. 2204539. In the present invention, those having a structure represented by the above chemical formula (1) are preferred from the viewpoint of the ease of the polymer electrolyte membrane and the stability of the sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof.
[0025]
In the present invention, the phenol resin having a sulfonic acid group having the structure of the above chemical formula (1) or a salt thereof is, for example, (1) phenol, cresol, anisole, ethoxybenzene, butoxybenzene. A phenol compound and / or a derivative thereof such as (2) sulfite and / or bisulfite, (3) an aqueous formaldehyde solution and / or a formaldehyde compound such as formal, paraformaldehyde, etc. It can synthesize | combine by adding water and making it react.
[0026]
In the present invention, only by mixing raw materials of a phenol resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, the solution is in a slurry form in which a solid component is present. Therefore, in order to fill the porous substrate, it is necessary to prepare a prepolymer solution in which the reaction has proceeded to a uniform degree at the filling temperature, and to fill the prepolymer solution. From this, the polymer electrolyte membrane is prepared by (1) preparing a prepolymer solution of a phenol resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, (2) filling the porous substrate with the solution, and (3) sulfone. It can be produced by curing a prepolymer of a phenol resin having an acid group or a salt thereof.
[0027]
A prepolymer solution of a phenol resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof is prepared by mixing and heating the raw materials at a predetermined ratio. At this time, with respect to 1 mol of the phenol compound and / or its derivative, the formaldehyde compound such as aqueous formaldehyde solution and / or formal and paraformaldehyde is 1.5 to 10 mol, more preferably 1.5 to It is preferable to use 7 mol. When the amount is less than 1.5 mol, the curing reaction is insufficient. On the other hand, when the amount exceeds 10 mol, side reactions and unreacted formaldehyde increase, which is not preferable. The sulfite and / or bisulfite is preferably used in an amount of 0.2 to 2 mol, more preferably 0.3 to 1.5 mol, with respect to 1 mol of the phenol compound or derivative thereof. If it is less than 0.2 mol or more than 2 mol, the curing reaction becomes insufficient, which is not preferable.
[0028]
In the present invention, the phenol resin prepolymer solution is prepared by adding water and heating at 50 to 100 ° C. for 1 minute to 24 hours, if necessary. At this time, the viscosity of the prepolymer solution of the phenol resin is preferably 200 poises or less at the temperature at which the porous substrate is filled. If the viscosity of the prepolymer solution is higher than 200 poise, it is not preferable because it becomes difficult to fill the porous substrate. The amount of water to be added is preferably 5 to 60% by weight, more preferably 10 to 50% by weight of the total amount charged together with the water content of the aqueous formaldehyde solution. If the water content in the system is less than 5% by weight, the prepolymer solution may not be uniform, and if it is more than 60% by weight, foaming may occur during curing after filling the porous substrate. It is not preferable because of its properties.
[0029]
In the present invention, a known method can be used for filling the porous substrate with a phenol resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof. For example, (1) the porous substrate is immersed in a prepolymer solution. (2) Applying a prepolymer solution on the porous substrate, (3) Applying the prepolymer solution on the porous substrate, and reducing the pressure from the opposite surface.
[0030]
After filling the prepolymer solution, the sulfonic acid is obtained by heating at 60 to 200 ° C., preferably 65 to 190 ° C., more preferably 70 to 180 ° C. for 1 minute to 72 hours, preferably 2 minutes to 48 hours. The polymer electrolyte membrane of the present invention can be produced by curing a phenol resin having a group or a salt thereof. At this time, a resin such as a metal plate such as stainless steel, a glass plate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyamide, aromatic polyether, polyfluorinated ethylene or the like. The film may support one side of the porous substrate filled with the prepolymer solution, or may be bonded to both sides for the purpose of protection. In actual use, these supports or protective bodies are peeled off.
[0031]
In the present invention, after filling the porous substrate with a phenolic resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof by the above method, or after curing, if necessary, a prepolymer solution is applied to one side or both sides again, It may be cured. At this time, the prepolymer solution to be filled and the prepolymer solution to be applied later may be the same or different.
If necessary, the polymer electrolyte membrane may be perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, sulfonated polyimide, alkoxysulfonated polyimide, sulfonated aromatic polyether, alkylsulfonated aromatic polyether, sulfonated polybenzimidazo. A polymer solution having a sulfonic acid group such as benzene, sulfonated polybenzoxazole, sulfonated polyphenylene oxide, sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide, or sulfonated polystyrene may be applied (or impregnated) and dried.
[0032]
In the present invention, when the sulfonic acid group of the polymer electrolyte membrane obtained above is in a salt state, the polymer electrolyte membrane can be easily immersed in an acidic aqueous solution such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid aqueous solution, etc. Can be converted to a group.
[0033]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples. In addition, each measurement in an Example and an Example was performed as follows.
<Glass transition temperature>
Measured with RSA-II manufactured by Rheometrics at a strain of 0.1% and a frequency of 5 Hz in the range of -150 ° C to 450 ° C.
It was measured by.
<Ionic conductivity>
In a thermo-hygrostat, platinum wires are attached at intervals of 2 mm, and a polymer electrolyte membrane having a width of 5 mm is sandwiched between a polyfluorinated ethylene plate having slits between them and a normal polyfluorinated ethylene plate, 50 ° C., The ion conductivity was determined by complex impedance measurement at 90% RH using a 3532 LCR HiTester manufactured by Hioki Electric Co., Ltd.
[0034]
<Ion exchange capacity>
After immersing the sample in 0.05N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 60 ° C for 3 hours, titrating the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution with 0.05N hydrochloric acid and determining the amount of sodium hydroxide consumed by immersing the sample The ion exchange capacity was determined.
<Viscosity>
Using 1.1 ml of the prepolymer solution (0.4 ml in Comparative Example 1), measurement was performed at a predetermined temperature with an E-type viscometer manufactured by Tokyo Keiki. The heating was performed by flowing water at a predetermined temperature through the cup portion.
<Filling rate and porosity>
The porosity S1 of the polyimide porous substrate used in Examples and Comparative Examples was determined by the following equation using the polyimide density ρ1 (1.34 g / cm 3 ).
[0035]
[Formula 1]
[V is the volume determined from the area and thickness of the polyimide porous substrate, and W1 is the mass. ]
[0036]
The filling rate S2 was determined by the following equation from the mass W1 of the porous substrate before filling and the mass W2 after filling and curing.
[Formula 2]
[0037]
[Where ρ2 is the density of the phenolic resin. In the following calculation, the density (1.27 g / cm 3 ) of the cured product obtained under the conditions of Example 1 between the glass plate and the phenol prepolymer solution of Example 1 not filled in the microporous film. Was used. ]
[0038]
Synthesis Example 1 (Synthesis of polyimide porous substrate)
In a four-necked separable flask equipped with a stirrer, a nitrogen introduction tube, and an exhaust tube, N, N-dimethylacetamide as a solvent and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether as a diamine component were placed at 40 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. The solution was stirred and dissolved. Subsequently, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride is added in several steps to the diamine component sequentially in several steps, and the mixture is stirred at 40 ° C. for about 12 hours to obtain a solid component. A viscous polyamic acid solution having a weight ratio of 9.1% by weight was obtained. This solution is cast on a mirror-polished SUS plate, and then the surface is covered with a polyolefin microporous membrane (Ube Industries, Ltd .; UP-3025) in order to adjust the solvent replacement rate. A polyamic acid microporous membrane was obtained by immersing the product in methanol and subsequently in water. After fixing the periphery of this film with a pin tenter, heat treatment was performed at 320 ° C. in the air to obtain a polyimide microporous film PI-1 having the following characteristics.
[0039]
Tg 275 ° C
Average pore size 0.18μm
Porosity 40%
Galley value 110sec / 100cc
Film thickness 29μm
[0040]
Example 1
5 g (0.05 mol) of phenol, 4.85 g (0.16 mol) of paraformaldehyde, 1 g (0.01 mol) of sodium sulfite, 0.75 g (0.01 mol) of sodium hydrogen sulfite, and 5 g of water, The mixture was heated and stirred at 85 ° C. for 5 minutes under a nitrogen stream. The resulting pale yellow homogeneous solution was cooled to room temperature. Even after cooling, the prepolymer solution was a homogeneous solution. The viscosity was 45 centipoise at room temperature.
[0041]
The polyimide porous substrate obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was immersed in a prepolymer solution for 10 seconds at room temperature, and filled with the prepolymer solution. The porous polyimide substrate filled with the prepolymer solution was sandwiched between glass plates and heated at 90 ° C. for 15 hours. After cooling, when a sample was taken out between the glass plates, the polyimide porous substrate was filled and the phenolic resin was cured. After vacuum drying at 40 ° C. for 16 hours, the thickness of this film was 30 μm and the filling rate was 85% by volume. In consideration of the presence of moisture (30% by mass when charged) in the prepolymer solution, it is considered that the prepolymer solution almost completely fills the pores of the polyimide base material.
The obtained membrane was immersed in a 1N aqueous sulfuric acid solution at room temperature for 5 hours, and then washed with water until the cleaning solution became neutral. The ion exchange capacity of this membrane was 1.2 milliequivalent / g. The ionic conductivity was 1 milliS / cm.
[0042]
Example 2
When Example 1 was repeated and reproducibility was observed, almost the same result could be obtained.
[0043]
Example 3
The prepolymer solution prepared in Example 1 was applied onto a polyimide porous substrate at room temperature and filled with the prepolymer solution. The porous polyimide substrate filled with the prepolymer solution was sandwiched between glass plates and heated at 90 ° C. for 15 hours. After cooling, when a sample was taken out between the glass plates, the polyimide porous substrate was filled and the phenolic resin was cured. This filling factor was 84% by volume. The prepolymer solution is believed to almost completely fill the pores of the polyimide substrate.
Further, the ionic conductivity is almost the same as that of Example 1.
[0044]
Example 4
A prepolymer solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the prepolymer adjustment time was 10 minutes. The obtained liquid was a yellow uniform solution, and its viscosity was 50 centipoise at room temperature.
The polyimide porous substrate was placed on a stainless steel mesh, and after applying the prepolymer solution at room temperature, the pressure was reduced from the bottom. It was observed that the prepolymer solution permeated through the polyimide porous substrate. The polyimide porous substrate filled with the prepolymer solution in this manner was sandwiched between glass plates and heated at 90 ° C. for 15 hours. The obtained polymer electrolyte membrane was obtained by filling a polyimide porous substrate and curing a phenol resin. The filling rate was 87% by volume. The prepolymer solution is believed to almost completely fill the pores of the polyimide substrate.
Further, the ionic conductivity is almost the same as that of Example 1.
[0045]
Example 5
A prepolymer solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3.15 g of the added water, the reaction temperature was 76 ° C., and the reaction time was 15 minutes. The obtained liquid was a yellow uniform solution at 70 ° C., and its viscosity was 2 poise at 70 ° C.
The polyimide porous substrate was immersed in a prepolymer solution at 70 ° C. and filled with the prepolymer solution. The porous polyimide substrate filled with the prepolymer solution was sandwiched between glass plates and heated at 90 ° C. for 15 hours. After cooling, when a sample was taken out between the glass plates, the polyimide porous substrate was filled and the phenolic resin was cured. The filling rate was 85% by volume.
Further, the ionic conductivity is almost the same as that of Example 1.
[0046]
Example 6
Phenolic 5 g (0.05 mol), paraformaldehyde 9.7 g (0.33 mol), sodium sulfite 2 g (0.02 mol), sodium hydrogen sulfite 1.5 g (0.01 mol), water 6.3 g Was heated and stirred at 85 ° C. for 5 minutes under a nitrogen stream. The resulting yellow homogeneous solution was cooled to room temperature. Even after cooling, the prepolymer solution was a homogeneous solution. The viscosity was 47 centipoise at room temperature.
The polyimide porous substrate was immersed in a prepolymer solution at room temperature and filled with the prepolymer solution. The porous polyimide substrate filled with the prepolymer solution was sandwiched between glass plates and heated at 100 ° C. for 5 hours. After cooling, when a sample was taken out between the glass plates, the polyimide porous substrate was filled and the phenolic resin was cured. The filling rate was 83% by volume.
Further, the ionic conductivity is almost the same as that of Example 1.
[0047]
Comparative Examples 1-2
A prepolymer solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the heating time was 90 minutes. The obtained solution was brown, and the viscosity at 70 ° C. was 300 poise.
Although the polyimide porous substrate was immersed in the prepolymer solution at 70 ° C., the polyimide porous substrate could not be filled with the prepolymer solution.
Further, filling was attempted in the same manner as in Example 3 (temperature of the prepolymer solution: 70 ° C.), but the prepolymer solution could not be filled without passing through the polyimide porous substrate.
[0048]
Example 7
The polymer electrolyte membrane obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was immersed in a Nafion solution (Aldrich, 5 mass%, alcohols / aqueous solution), taken out, and dried. The thickness after drying was 31 μm. The ionic conductivity was equivalent to that in Example 1.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a polymer electrolyte membrane having ionic conductivity in which a polymer electrolyte is filled in a porous substrate made of a heat-resistant aromatic polymer with a high filling rate by a simple operation.
Moreover, according to the method of the present invention, a polymer electrolyte membrane having a uniform performance in which a porous substrate made of a heat-resistant aromatic polymer is filled with a polymer electrolyte can be produced with good reproducibility.
Claims (8)
多孔基材は、平均孔径が0.01〜10μmの多孔基材を用い、
(1)フェノ−ル類および/またはその誘導体、(2)亜硫酸塩および/または亜硫酸水素塩、(3)ホルムアルデヒド水溶液および/またはホルムアルデヒド化合物、必要ならば(4)水を混合後、反応して得られる粘度が2ポイズ以下のプレポリマー溶液を多孔基材に充填後、60〜200℃で1分〜72時間加熱し、硬化することを特徴とする高分子電解質膜の製造法。
The porous substrate uses a porous substrate having an average pore diameter of 0.01 to 10 μm,
(1) phenols and / or derivatives thereof, (2) sulfite and / or bisulfite, (3) formaldehyde aqueous solution and / or formaldehyde compound, and (4) water if necessary, and then reacted. A method for producing a polymer electrolyte membrane, comprising: filling a porous substrate with a prepolymer solution having a viscosity of 2 poise or less obtained; and heating and curing at 60 to 200 ° C. for 1 minute to 72 hours.
フェノ−ル化合物および/またはその誘導体1モルに対して、ホルムアルデヒド水溶液および/またはホルムアルデヒド化合物を1.5〜10モルと亜硫酸塩および/または亜硫酸水素塩を0.2〜2モル、必要ならば水の量は、ホルムアルデヒド水溶液の水分と合わせて全仕込み量の5〜60質量%となるように添加して、50〜100℃で1分〜24時間加熱することにより調整されることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の高分子電解質膜の製造法。A prepolymer solution of a phenol resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof is
Formaldehyde aqueous solution and / or formaldehyde compound 1.5 to 10 mol and sulfite and / or bisulfite 0.2 to 2 mol, water if necessary, for 1 mol of phenol compound and / or derivative thereof The amount is adjusted to be 5 to 60% by mass of the total amount charged together with the water content of the aqueous formaldehyde solution and heated at 50 to 100 ° C. for 1 minute to 24 hours. The manufacturing method of the polymer electrolyte membrane of Claim 1 or Claim 2.
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| TWI236486B (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2005-07-21 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | Crosslinkable aromatic resin having protonic acid group, and ion conductive polymer membrane, binder and fuel cell using the resin |
| JP2004039557A (en) * | 2002-07-05 | 2004-02-05 | Hitachi Ltd | Phenolic resin-based polymer electrolyte membrane for polymer electrolyte fuel cell, membrane / electrode assembly using the same, and fuel cell |
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