JP4420438B2 - チューブ状熱可塑性フィルムの縦方向延伸 - Google Patents
チューブ状熱可塑性フィルムの縦方向延伸 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4420438B2 JP4420438B2 JP2003536013A JP2003536013A JP4420438B2 JP 4420438 B2 JP4420438 B2 JP 4420438B2 JP 2003536013 A JP2003536013 A JP 2003536013A JP 2003536013 A JP2003536013 A JP 2003536013A JP 4420438 B2 JP4420438 B2 JP 4420438B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/28—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of blown tubular films, e.g. by inflation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/695—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
- B29C48/70—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
- B29C48/705—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows in the die zone, e.g. to create flow homogeneity
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
- B29C48/89—Internal treatment, e.g. by applying an internal cooling fluid stream
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B29C48/901—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article of hollow bodies
- B29C48/902—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article of hollow bodies internally
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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Description
a)オリフィスの片側を形成するダイ部分と、
b)もし設けられていれば冷却部分と、
c)もし設けられていれば温度微調節部分と、
d)摩擦装置
は低熱伝達連結による相互連結のために互いに密接している。
b)温度微調節部分(117)および
c)摩擦装置(118)。
Claims (35)
- 少なくとも一種の溶融熱可塑性結晶性材料の流れを、ダイ内の円形の出口オリフィスから押し出し、円形の押出しダイを出た溶融状態の該材料の該流れを冷却し、かつ少なくとも縦方向に延伸し、該縦方向延伸は出口オリフィスと移動する引き抜き手段との間に生じる引張り力によって行われ、該流れは出口オリフィスと引き抜き手段との間を移動するときに環状摩擦装置を通りかつ環状摩擦装置に摩擦接触し、環状摩擦装置はチューブ状流れによって画定される風船の内側または風船の外側に配置することができる、少なくとも一種の該材料のチューブ状の縦方向延伸フィルムを形成する方法であって、溶融熱可塑性結晶性材料の該流れを該ダイから押し出した後直ちに、該溶融状態の該材料の該流れを環状摩擦装置に通し、そこで該流れを冷却して該流れの温度を融点から低下させて一部溶融状態にある温度にする間に、該流れに、該摩擦装置の表面の穴もしくは微孔を通して吸引または空気潤滑を生じることによって該摩擦接触から生じる制御された摩擦抵抗を施すことを含む、チューブ状の縦方向延伸フィルムを形成する方法。
- 押出しフィルムの溶融範囲の上限で行われる収縮試験に関して、縦方向収縮性が、少なくとも4倍であり、それで長さが四分の一以下に短縮される、請求項1記載の方法。
- ポリマー材料が融点から一部溶融状態にある温度までの範囲内にある間に、延伸の半分より多くが行われることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の方法。
- ポリマー材料が溶融され、少なくとも5%が結晶化されている間に、延伸の半分より多くが行われることを特徴とする、請求項3記載の方法。
- ポリマー流れが少なくとも2種の相溶性のまたは相溶化されたポリマーの混合物を含み、一方のポリマーが結晶状態にありおよび他方のポリマーが溶融状態にある間に、延伸の半分より多くが行われることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 前記空気潤滑を、空気を摩擦装置の穴もしくは微孔を通して押し出し、そして該押し出された空気が、流れが接触する摩擦装置の表面の一部を形成するようにして実施する、ことを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 前記吸引を、穴もしくは微孔に通じる溝に負圧を加えて前記摩擦装置に向かって流れを吸引することによって実施する、ことを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 吸引を微孔質金属を通して加えることを特徴とする、請求項7記載の方法。
- 流れと接触する表面が溝パターンを備え、溝がダイ軸線の周りに環状であり、溝に風船の摩擦装置と接触しない表面にかかる圧力より低く制御された圧力を加えることを特徴とする、請求項7記載の方法。
- 摩擦装置に作用する引張り力が監視され、フィードバック手段によって摩擦を調節するために使用され、それによって延伸の程度が制御されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 摩擦装置の直ぐ上流において風船の内側または外側に、環状、円筒状または円錐状の衝撃冷却部分が設けられ、流れが摩擦なしに衝撃冷却部分を通過し、衝撃冷却部分がその内側から流体冷却媒体によって冷却され、そして該冷却媒体が、流れの温度を一部溶融されている温度にまで下げるために必要な熱量の少なくとも半分を該流れから取り去る程に低い温度に保たれることを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 衝撃冷却部分を通過した流れが、微孔質金属または穴もしくは微孔を通る空気潤滑によって潤滑されることを特徴とする、請求項11記載の方法。
- 摩擦装置の直ぐ上流に、温度微調節部分が設けられ、この温度微調節部分が環状、円錐形または円筒形であり、流れが摩擦なしに温度微調節部分を通過し、流れの平均温度を微調節するために、温度微調節部分がその内側から流体熱交換媒体によって冷却または加熱されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 摩擦装置が風船の内側にあるとき、摩擦装置と接触する前の流れに含まれる空気の部分、すなわち空気1が、摩擦装置から出た後の流れに含まれる空気、すなわち空気2から孤立し、空気2が周囲の雰囲気の圧力よりも高い圧力に保たれ、空気1の圧力がこの周囲の圧力に保たれ、摩擦装置が風船の外側にあるときに、ダイと摩擦装置の間に、風船を取り囲む空気のための閉鎖スペースが設けられ、風船の内側の空気の圧力が、周囲の圧力よりも高い圧力に保たれ、前記閉鎖スペース内の外側の圧力が風船の内側の圧力に一致していることを特徴とする、請求項1〜13のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 流れが少なくとも2つの層の共押出し物であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜14のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- らせん状に延伸されたチューブ状フィルムを製造するために、引き抜き手段を備えた第1の端部と、押出しダイおよび摩擦装置を備えた第2の端部との間で回転が行われることを特徴とする、請求項1〜15のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- チューブ状フィルムを切断して、延伸の方向が縦方向への角度を形成するウェッブを生成し、そしてそのような2つのウェッブを延伸の方向が交差するように配置させてなる直交積層体を形成する、請求項16記載の方法。
- 各々少なくとも2つのフィルムを延伸の主方向が交差するように互いに積層させてなる直交積層体を製造するための、請求項1〜17のいずれか一つに記載の方法に従って製造されるチューブ状フィルムの使用。
- チューブ状フィルムが外部のヒートシール層または積層を含む共押出し物である、請求項18記載の使用。
- 溶融した材料が通って流れる円形の出口オリフィス(21)を有する環状ダイおよび、ダイを通して押し出される材料のチューブに、材料がまだ少なくとも一部溶融している間に、縦方向の張力を与えるための移動する引き抜き手段、そして出口オリフィス(21)と引き抜き手段との間にあって、ダイの直ぐ下流で熱可塑性結晶性材料の流れに接触するためにチューブの内側かまたは外側のいずれかに配置された環状の摩擦装置(101)、摩擦装置の表面に穴もしくは微孔(102,104)が備えられ、摩擦装置(101)の内部にキャビティ(105)が配置されそして流体熱交換媒体が該キャビティ(105)を通って流れ、それにより、溶融熱可塑性結晶性材料の該流れが該ダイから押し出された後直ちに、該流れは摩擦装置(101)の内側のキャビティ(105)を通って流れる流体熱交換媒体によって内側から温度制御される間に、該流れに、該摩擦装置の表面の穴もしくは微孔を通して吸引または空気潤滑を生じることによって該摩擦接触から生じる制御された摩擦抵抗が施されることを特徴とする、熱可塑性結晶性材料(A)を押出す装置。
- 穴もしくは微孔(123)または微孔質の金属(102)を通して摩擦装置に空気の内部に向かう流れを課すための真空ポンプを含む、請求項20記載の装置。
- 摩擦装置の表面が溝付きパターンを備え、この溝がダイ軸線周りに環状であることを特徴とする、請求項21記載の装置。
- 摩擦装置に加えられる引張り力を測定し、流れと摩擦装置との間の摩擦を制御するためにこの測定を使用するための手段(111)を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項20〜22のいずれか一つに記載の装置。
- 摩擦装置の上流の、環状、円筒形または円錐形の衝撃冷却部分(116)を備え、押し出された流れが衝撃冷却部分を摩擦なしに通過し、衝撃冷却部分がその内部(105)を通る冷却媒体の流れによって冷却され、それにより流れを冷却して融点から一部溶融状態にある温度にまでするために必要な熱量の少なくとも半分が、流れから取り除かれることを特徴とする、請求項20〜22のいずれか一つに記載の装置。
- 衝撃冷却部分(105)が、表面にわたる流れの通路を潤滑するために空気潤滑手段(102,104)を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項24記載の装置。
- 摩擦装置の直ぐ上流の、環状、円筒状または円錐形の温度微調節部分(117)を備え、摩擦装置にわたって、押し出された流れが摩擦なしに通過し、摩擦装置がその内部(105)を通る冷却媒体の流れによって冷却されることを特徴とする、請求項20〜25のいずれか一つに記載の装置。
- 出口オリフィス(21)がダイの外周面に設けられていることを特徴とする、請求項20〜26のいずれか一つに記載の装置。
- 摩擦装置(101)が風船の内側にあることを特徴とする、請求項20〜26のいずれか一つに記載の装置。
- 出口オリフィス(21)がダイの内周面に設けられていることを特徴とする、請求項20〜26のいずれか一つに記載の装置。
- 摩擦装置(101)が風船の外側にあることを特徴とする、請求項29記載の装置。
- 摩擦装置の後のチューブの内部の空間から、摩擦装置(101,118)の前のチューブの内部の空間(114)を孤立させための手段(113,121)を備え、および摩擦装置(101,118)の後の空間内に摩擦装置の前の空気圧より高い空気圧を加えるための手段(112)を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項28記載の装置。
- ダイと摩擦装置(101,118)との間の空間(114)を閉じるための手段(113,122)と、周囲よりも高い空気圧を閉鎖空間(114)内に加えるための手段と、風船内の空間を大気から孤立させかつ周囲よりも高い空気圧を風船内に加えるための手段(115)を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項30記載の装置。
- ダイが少なくとも2種の熱可塑性材料(A,B,C)を共押出すことを特徴とする、請求項20〜32のいずれか一つに記載の装置。
- 引き抜き手段が押出しダイ(5,6,7a,7b)と摩擦装置(101,118)に対して回転可能であることを特徴とする、請求項20〜33のいずれか一つに記載の装置。
- 引き抜き手段の後でチューブを切断して、配向の主方向が縦方向と角度を形成するウェッブを形成し、そしてそのような2つのウェッブを配向の主方向が交差するように積層するための手段を更に含む、請求項20〜34のいずれか一つに記載の装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW090125310A TW498022B (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-10-12 | Methods and apparatus for extruding a tubular film under use of planely or conically extending helical grooves for the circumferential equalization |
| PCT/EP2001/012430 WO2002051617A1 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-10-15 | Methods and apparatus for extruding a tubular film |
| GBGB0214427.7A GB0214427D0 (en) | 2002-06-21 | 2002-06-21 | Improved method and apparatus for longitudinal orientation of a tubular thermoplastic film in molten or semimolten state |
| PCT/EP2002/012193 WO2003033241A1 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2002-10-14 | Longitudinal orientation of a tubular thermoplastic film |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| JP2005505448A JP2005505448A (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
| JP2005505448A5 JP2005505448A5 (ja) | 2009-02-26 |
| JP4420438B2 true JP4420438B2 (ja) | 2010-02-24 |
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| JP2003536013A Expired - Fee Related JP4420438B2 (ja) | 2001-10-12 | 2002-10-14 | チューブ状熱可塑性フィルムの縦方向延伸 |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US7833468B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4420438B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100936729B1 (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE326329T1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2002351812B2 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR0213229B1 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2463024C (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE60211541T2 (ja) |
| GB (1) | GB0214427D0 (ja) |
| IL (1) | IL161149A (ja) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04003322A (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO20041898L (ja) |
| NZ (1) | NZ532102A (ja) |
| TR (1) | TR200400753T2 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW575492B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2003033241A1 (ja) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200402660B (ja) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0114691D0 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2001-08-08 | Rasmussen O B | Laminates of films and methods and apparatus for their manufacture |
| US7901758B2 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2011-03-08 | Ole-Bendt Rasmussen | Laminates of films having improved resistance to bending in all directions and methods and apparatus for their manufacture |
| CA2520991C (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2014-08-05 | Ole-Bendt Rasmussen | Method of manufacturing an oriented film from alloyed thermoplastic polymers, apparatus for such manufacture and resulting products |
| ES2280666T3 (es) | 2003-06-17 | 2007-09-16 | REIFENHAUSER GMBH & CO. MASCHINENFABRIK | Dispositivo para fabricar una pelicula de material sintetico termoplastico. |
| DE20309429U1 (de) | 2003-06-17 | 2003-09-18 | Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. Maschinenfabrik, 53844 Troisdorf | Abzugsvorrichtung einer Schlauchfolienextrusionsanlage |
| US20070194501A1 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2007-08-23 | Jurgen Linkies | Blown film extrusion system |
| GB0424355D0 (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2004-12-08 | Rasmussen O B | Improved method of manufacturing an alloyed film apparatus for the method and resultant products |
| GB0426839D0 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2005-01-12 | Rasmussen O B | Small container made from thermoplastic sheet material |
| NZ556079A (en) | 2005-01-07 | 2010-10-29 | Rasmussen O B | Two thermoplastic films laminated via low melting point intermediate and with perforations non-aligned and interconnected via channels |
| US20090206510A1 (en) * | 2005-04-08 | 2009-08-20 | Ole-Bendt Rasmussen | Method and Apparatus for Film Extrusion |
| EP1885546B1 (en) | 2005-05-11 | 2013-03-13 | Ole-Bendt Rasmussen | Crosslaminate of oriented films and method for manufacturing same |
| DE102005038730A1 (de) * | 2005-08-15 | 2007-02-22 | Windmöller & Hölscher Kg | Verbesserte Luftführung an der Folienblase |
| GB0814308D0 (en) * | 2008-08-05 | 2008-09-10 | Rasmussen O B | Film material exhibiting textile properties, and method and apparatus for its manufacture |
| TWI499497B (zh) | 2008-01-17 | 2015-09-11 | Ole-Bendt Rasmussen | 展現織物性質的膜材料以及用於其之製造的方法及裝置 |
| GB0911822D0 (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2009-08-19 | Rasmussen O B | Gas filled crosslaminate and method and apparatus for its manufacture |
| CA2781202C (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2016-11-08 | Windmoeller & Hoelscher Kg | Device and method for calibrating film tubing |
| ITMI20121679A1 (it) * | 2012-10-08 | 2014-04-09 | Saipem Spa | Metodo, apparecchiatura e stazione di lavoro per applicare un foglio protettivo di materiale polimerico a una tubazione e programma per elaboratore per attuare il metodo |
| DE102017010970A1 (de) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-05-29 | Khs Corpoplast Gmbh | Temperiervorrichtung für die Temperaturkonditionierung von Vorformlingen und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Temperiervorrichtung |
| KR20250098429A (ko) * | 2023-12-22 | 2025-07-01 | 주식회사 알앤에프케미칼 | 단일소재로 구성된 크로스 라미네이트된 필름 및 이의 제조방법 |
| CN119058056B (zh) * | 2024-09-06 | 2025-03-07 | 江苏新骥源电子材料有限公司 | 一种防水抗静电复合盖带热熔挤出机及其工艺 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3949042A (en) * | 1969-05-09 | 1976-04-06 | Multifol Patentverwertungs Ag | Method and apparatus for making laminar plastic sheet material |
| DE2602899A1 (de) * | 1976-01-27 | 1977-07-28 | Heinz Ing Grad Schneider | Vorrichtung zum verdrehen und flachlegen von schlauchfolien |
| US4551380A (en) * | 1984-05-10 | 1985-11-05 | W. R. Grace & Co., Cryovac Div. | Oriented heat-sealable multilayer packaging film |
| CA1285114C (en) * | 1985-12-24 | 1991-06-25 | Ellis Fabian | Extrusion system |
| DE3815415A1 (de) * | 1988-05-06 | 1989-11-16 | Kiefel Gmbh Paul | Hochleistungskuehlverfahren und vorrichtung fuer die herstellung von bi-orientierten folien aus hoch- und mittelmolaren thermoplasten |
| IL90625A0 (en) * | 1989-06-15 | 1990-01-18 | Israel Rom | Apparatus for the production of a tubular-film from thermoplastic material |
| US5322664A (en) * | 1993-02-02 | 1994-06-21 | Owens-Illinois Labels Inc. | Clear film extrusion from an annular die |
| DE19650873A1 (de) * | 1996-12-07 | 1998-06-10 | Kalle Nalo Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Kranzen von thermoplastischen, schrumpffähigen Schlauchhüllen |
| CA2231624C (en) * | 1998-03-09 | 2001-02-06 | Manfred A. A. Lupke | Pipe molding apparatus with air float of plastic onto tapered cooling plug |
| GB0031720D0 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2001-02-07 | Rasmussen Ole-Bendt | Method and apparatus for joining sheet or ribbon formed flows in a coextrusion process |
| IT1318863B1 (it) * | 2000-09-14 | 2003-09-10 | Omipa S P A | Dispositivo di calibrazione per profili estrusi |
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- 2002-06-21 GB GBGB0214427.7A patent/GB0214427D0/en not_active Ceased
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- 2002-10-14 WO PCT/EP2002/012193 patent/WO2003033241A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-10-14 AU AU2002351812A patent/AU2002351812B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-10-14 KR KR1020047005397A patent/KR100936729B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-10-14 JP JP2003536013A patent/JP4420438B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20040247730A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
| MXPA04003322A (es) | 2004-07-08 |
| NO20041898L (no) | 2004-07-05 |
| KR100936729B1 (ko) | 2010-01-14 |
| DE60211541D1 (de) | 2006-06-22 |
| US7833468B2 (en) | 2010-11-16 |
| TW575492B (en) | 2004-02-11 |
| KR20050036842A (ko) | 2005-04-20 |
| IL161149A (en) | 2008-11-03 |
| NO20041898D0 (no) | 2004-05-07 |
| DE60211541T2 (de) | 2007-04-26 |
| ATE326329T1 (de) | 2006-06-15 |
| TR200400753T2 (tr) | 2004-09-21 |
| ZA200402660B (en) | 2005-06-29 |
| AU2002351812B2 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
| BR0213229B1 (pt) | 2011-08-09 |
| CA2463024C (en) | 2012-04-10 |
| BR0213229A (pt) | 2004-09-28 |
| CA2463024A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
| NZ532102A (en) | 2006-06-30 |
| JP2005505448A (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
| GB0214427D0 (en) | 2002-07-31 |
| WO2003033241A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
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