JP4801282B2 - Converter tuyere opening method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a converter tuyere opening method and apparatus for removing ventilation obstacles attached to the tuyeres of converters used for blowing copper, nickel mats, etc., and opening the tuyere. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
A horizontal cylindrical converter called a Pierce-Smith converter is generally used for blowing copper and nickel mats. In this type of converter (horizontal converter), pressure air is blown into a solution in the furnace from several tens of tuyere arranged in a row on the side wall, and iron and sulfur are oxidized to perform blowing. In the operation of this converter, crude copper is obtained from the ironing period in which iron in the early stage of blowing is removed in the can (also known as entanglement or slag), and the end product (also known as mat) in the canning period. Although there is a copper making period, the solution near the tuyere exit side cooled by the air blown from the tuyere to below the freezing point is mainly composed of copper, iron and these oxides at the inner end of the tuyere Since the adhering matter is formed and the ventilation is hindered, it is necessary to remove the adhering matter as appropriate.
[0003]
This deposit removal operation is usually performed by a method called mechanical punching. In this method, a device called a mechanical puncher is used, in which a punching jig in which a plurality of punching rods having a diameter slightly smaller than the tuyere diameter is provided in a single or side-by-side manner is installed on a carriage that can move along the tuyere alignment direction. Then, the carriage is moved sequentially so that the breaker rod is struck against the deposit in the tuyere and the tuyere is opened by the impact.
[0004]
However, the mechanical punching has a problem that the tuyere brick is often damaged by the impact when the piercing rod hits the deposit, which adversely affects the life of the tuyere brick. In particular, after the completion of the copper making period, it is necessary to completely remove the deposits that are larger and more firmly fixed than during the blowing process, in preparation for the next cycle operation. Is larger than during blowing, and the damage to the tuyere bricks due to the impact, and therefore the adverse effect on the life of the converter, is also great, so mechanical punching is applied to tuyere opening work after the end of the copper making period. It's not a good idea.
[0005]
As a means to solve this problem, after the copper making period of the horizontal converter is completed, the tuyere is cut or further struck by applying a rotational force or further striking force to the tuyere opening jig to cut or further strike the tuyere. A method of opening is proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-13129). According to this method, part or all of the striking force is replaced by a relatively light rotational force of the deposit impact, so that the degree of damage to the tuyere brick is reduced and the converter life is extended.
[0006]
Further, in this method, a carriage that can move along the tuyere provided on the furnace wall of the horizontal converter, a tuyere opening jig (referred to as a drill bar) that can reciprocate and rotate, and the jig. A tuyere opening device (referred to as a drill device) is used in which a drive unit for applying a rotational force or further striking force to the tool is provided.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The horizontal tuyeres are arranged side by side in a row, but the actual tuyeres have some irregularities in the vertical direction. Depending on the tuyere, the mechanical puncher The drill bar of the drill and the drill bar of the drilling device may not be inserted well into the hole and may collide with the brick at the entrance of the tuyere, so it is necessary to readjust the position and angle of the breaker bar and drill bar several times There was a problem that the efficiency of opening the tuyere could not be improved.
[0008]
Moreover, in the drill apparatus of the said Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 9-13129, although the example which diverted the drive part of the rock drill was shown as a drive part, when the drive part of a normal rock drill is used, high- When the deposit is pushed in the medium speed forward mode, it tends to peel off along with the surrounding tuyere bricks. Therefore, when pushing the deposit, it is necessary to operate in the low speed advance mode. On the other hand, the drive unit can be shifted manually, but when the drill rod is advanced in the tuyere and manually shifted from high to medium speed to low speed, the timing is delayed. There is a high risk that the kimono will be pushed too much, leading to the loss of tuyere bricks due to the accompanying delamination with the deposit. For this reason, there has been a problem that the operation of the tuyere opening operation cannot be improved because the drill bar must be operated in the low-speed forward mode consistently before the tuyere is inserted.
[0009]
In view of the above problems, the present invention eliminates the need for readjustment of the position and angle of the piercing rod and drill rod, and allows the drill rod being advanced in the tuyere to be shifted at a timing at which no tuyere brick loss occurs. It is an object of the present invention to provide a furnace tuyere opening method and apparatus.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention that has solved the above problems is as follows.
(1) A rod-shaped jig is inserted into the tuyeres of the converter during the blowing of the copper smelting converter or after the copper making period, and one or both of striking force and rotational force are applied to the jig. In the converter tuyere opening method for opening the tuyere by striking and / or cutting the closed part of the tuyere, the inner surface of the outer end of the tuyere has a trumpet shape, and the tip of the jig Opening the tuyere while ejecting air from a plurality of air jets provided, and flexibly in the height direction according to the external force when the jig is misaligned via a resilient seat consisting of a spring or an air cylinder The position and angle of the jig are supported so as to be elastically displaceable in the vertical direction, and it is detected that the jig has passed a predetermined position, and the insertion speed and rotation speed of the jig are determined according to the detection signal. The converter tuyere opening method characterized by decelerating .
[0012]
(2) The converter tuyere opening method according to (1) , wherein the rotational force applied to the jig is equal to or greater than a predetermined value instead of the jig passing through the predetermined position.
[0013]
(3) An apparatus used for carrying out the method according to (1) or (2) , wherein the cart is movable along the arrangement direction of tuyere with the inner surface of the outer end of the copper smelting converter having a trumpet shape. , the core and the jig insertable rod-like to the tuyere, a first driver for applying a rotational force to the jig, and a second drive unit for advancing or retracting the jig, the more the jig A converter tuyere opening device provided with a resilient seat consisting of a spring or an air cylinder for elastically displaceable in the vertical direction so as to elastically change the position and angle in the height direction according to the external force in the case of deviation A plurality of air jets provided at the tip of the jig, a sensor for detecting that the jig has passed a predetermined position, and a forward speed of the jig in accordance with a detection signal of the sensor. and wherein a and rotational speed are provided and speed controller to change to the low speed side Converter tuyere opening device.
[0014]
(4) the jig is in place on the sensor for detecting that has passed through the predetermined position, rotation of the rotational force applied to the jig is a sensor for detecting that becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined value (3), wherein Furnace opening device.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the method (1) of the present invention, a rod-shaped jig 5 is inserted into the tuyere 2 of the converter 1 and one or both of striking force and rotational force is applied to the jig 5 to close the closed part ( In the converter tuyere opening method for opening the tuyere 2 by hitting and / or cutting the deposits 4, the inner surface of the outer end of the tuyere 2 was formed into a trumpet shape (FIG. 1). Thereby, even if the tip of the jig 5 is slightly deviated from the center of the tuyere 2, the jig 5 is smoothly guided into the tuyere along the trumpet shape, and the impact to the outside of the tuyere is reduced and the brick 3 is reduced. The lifespan of is extended.
[0016]
In the method (1) of the present invention, the jig 5 is moved in the vertical direction so as to elastically change the position and angle in the height direction according to the external force when the jig 5 is misaligned via a resilient seat made of a spring or air cylinder . Since the jig 5 is supported so as to be capable of elastic displacement 20 (FIG. 1), the height and angle of the jig 5 can be changed elastically along the inner shape of the tuyere 2, and the inner wall of the tuyere 2 by the jig 5 The bending of the brick 3 is further reduced and the life of the brick 3 is further extended. The apparatus (3) of the present invention can be preferably used for carrying out the method (1) of the present invention. The apparatus (3) includes a bar-like jig 5 that can be inserted into the tuyere 2 on a carriage 10 that can move along the arrangement direction of the tuyere 2 of the converter 1, and an impact force and / or rotation on the jig 5. A first drive unit 6 for applying force and a second drive unit 7 for moving the jig 5 forward (or backward) 21 are provided, and an elastic seat 9 for supporting the jig 5 so that it can be elastically displaced 20 in the vertical direction. (Example: FIG. 2).
[0017]
For the jig 5, a punch bar or a drill bar can be preferably used. An air cylinder or an air motor can be preferably used for the first driving unit 6 and the second driving unit 7. A spring or an air cylinder can be preferably used for the resilient seat 9.
In the example of FIG. 2, the first drive unit 6 can slide on the pedestal 8, and the forward / backward movement is urged together with the jig 5 by the second drive unit 7 fixed to the pedestal 8. . Since the pedestal 8 is supported by the carriage 10 via the elastic seat 9, and the height position and angle can be changed elastically according to the external force when the center is displaced, the jig 5 on the pedestal 8 is also elastic according to the external force. The position and angle in the height direction can be changed.
[0018]
In addition, when the 1st drive part 6 gives a rotational force to the jig | tool 5, the screw | thread male screw is provided in the jig | tool 5, and the female screw screwed together with the said male screw is provided in the 2nd drive part 7, and the said rotation It is also possible to use the force as a driving force for advancing / retreating the jig 5 and the first driving unit 6 and omit the power source of the second driving unit 7. In the method (1) of the present invention , the tuyere opening means is either by impact (for example, mechanical puncher, jig is a detonation bar) or by rotary cutting (for example: rock drill, jig is a drill bar). The opening operation may be performed either during blowing or after completion of the copper making period.
[0019]
On the other hand, the methods (1) and (2) of the present invention are performed after the end of the copper making period in which the deposit 4 on the inner end side of the tuyere 2 becomes a larger lump and is firmly fixed to the brick 3. Shall. The tuyere opening means here is limited to that by rotary cutting (eg, rock drill, jig is a drill bar) in order to induce breakage of the brick 3 by means of hitting (eg: mechanical puncher).
[0020]
And, in the method of the present invention (1), the jig 5 is so detected that has passed through the predetermined position, decelerating the insertion speed and the rotational speed of the jig 5 in response to the detection signal. According to this, the predetermined position is set to a position (which can be determined by actual measurement or the like in advance) where it is estimated that contact with the attachment 4 at the tip of the jig 5 occurs. The impact transmitted to the brick 3 is reduced, and the occurrence of the brick 3 defect on the inner end side of the tuyere 2 is prevented.
[0021]
Further, in the method (2) of the present invention, it is detected that the rotational force applied to the jig 5 has become a predetermined value or more, and the insertion speed and rotational speed of the jig 5 are determined according to the detection signal. I tried to slow down. According to this, by setting the predetermined value as an appropriate value (which can be determined in advance by actual measurement or the like) of the rotational force (torque) that starts rising from the start of contact with the attachment 4 at the tip of the jig 5, The impact transmitted from the deposit 4 during cutting to the brick 3 by the tool 5 is reduced, and the occurrence of the brick 3 defect on the inner end side of the tuyere 2 is prevented.
[0022]
The apparatus (3) of the present invention can be preferably used for carrying out the method (1) of the present invention. This device (3) includes a cart 10 and a rod-like jig 5; a first drive unit 11 for applying a rotational force to the jig 5; and a second drive unit for moving the jig 5 forward (or backward) 21. 12, or a further said the converter tuyere opening device provided with a resilient seat 1 3 Equivalent further includes a sensor 14 for detecting that the jig 5 has passed the predetermined position, the sensor 14 And a speed control unit 15 that changes the forward speed and the rotational speed of the jig 5 to the low speed side according to the detection signal (example: FIG. 3). Incidentally, before it may be changed only Susumusoku is, but is better to rotate fast at the same time changes as in this example, preferably is more CUSHIONED to tuyere brick. Further, for example, a proximity sensor can be preferably used as the sensor here.
[0023]
In the example of FIG. 3, a limit switch which is a kind of proximity sensor is used as the sensor 14, and when the dog 16 disposed in the first driving unit 11 hits the limit switch 14, the passage detection signal is transmitted to the speed control unit 15. I did it. The speed control unit 15 arranges a plurality of solenoid valves in parallel in the air input flow paths to the first and second drive units 11 and 12 formed of an air motor, and turns these solenoid valves on and off according to the passage detection signal. Thus, the air input flow rate to the air motors 11 and 12 is switched to the low flow rate side.
[0024]
The elastic seat 13 supports the pedestal 8 that supports the jig 5 so as to be rotatable via the rotating arms 18 of the two slide blocks 19 disposed on the carriage 10, and each of the two slide blocks 19 is air-operated. The cylinder 17 is supported so as to be elastically displaced in the horizontal direction. In the elastic seat 13, the vertical position and angle of the jig 5 before the tuyere insertion can be adjusted by operating the stroke of the air cylinder 17.
[0025]
Further, the apparatus (4) of the present invention can be preferably used for carrying out the method (2) of the present invention. This device (4) detects in the device (3) that the rotational force applied to the jig 5 exceeds a predetermined value, instead of the sensor 14 for detecting that the jig has passed a predetermined position. Sensor (not shown). As the sensor of the device (4), a combination of a torque sensor and a comparator can be preferably used.
[0026]
In any of the devices (3) to (4) , the operation of the carriage, the drive operations of the first and second drive units, etc. can all be controlled by remote operation from the operation panel. In the present invention, the tuyere opening operation after the completion of the copper making period is preferably completed within 30 minutes after the copper hot water (crude copper) in the furnace is discharged to the ladle. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the temperature inside the furnace is still as high as about 550 ° C. until 30 minutes after the completion of the copper making period. The faucet brick is less damaged because it is easier to peel off from the brick. FIG. 4 shows an example in which a thermocouple was inserted from the tuyere after the copper making period and the temperature in the furnace near the deposit was measured.
[0027]
Further, when cutting soft and sticky deposits at a high temperature, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, a drill rod 22 having a plurality of air outlets 23 at its tip is ejected from the air outlet 23. When used, the grinding dust is blown away into the furnace by the blown air, and the excessive temperature rise of the drill rod 22 tip (blade edge) due to frictional heat generation with soft sticky deposits can be prevented. Is preferable because it can be performed more efficiently.
[0028]
【Example】
[Method A]
Using a converter tuyere opening device shown in Fig. 3, in a horizontal smelting furnace for copper smelting with 60 tuyeres with a bore diameter (parallel bore diameter) of 50 mm and a hole depth of 400 mm (capacity of 230 ton / cycle) 3 after the replacement of tuyere bricks, after one cycle of smelting, when the tuyere has become difficult to open and before the mat is inserted after the crude copper is discharged The tuyere opening work was performed using (a jig is a drill stick). This tuyere opening work was started 5 minutes after the crude copper was discharged. The drill rod shown in FIG. 5 was used while air was ejected. The entrance hole shape of the tuyere was a trumpet shape as shown in FIG. 1, an inclined hole depth of 100 mm, and an inlet hole diameter of 60 mm.
[0029]
Air is supplied to the air motors of the first and second drive units via two solenoid valves arranged in parallel. The tuyere opening work process by remote control of this device is as follows. Note that this operation is performed by sequentially stopping the cart for each tuyere.
(Jig insertion process)
(1) After starting the rotation and forward movement of the jig, the dog (made by SS) installed in the first drive unit is detected by the proximity switch arranged at a predetermined position.
[0030]
(2) At that time, one of the two solenoid valves of the second drive unit is closed, and the air amount is reduced to about 1/2 (3.3 m ³ /min→1.6 m ³ / min). As a result, the rotational speed of the air motor of the second drive unit is reduced (1790 rpm → 890 rpm), and the insertion speed is reduced (0.52 m / s → 0.26 m / s).
(3) At the same time, one of the two solenoid valves of the first drive unit is closed, and the air amount is reduced to about 1/2 (16.5 m ³ /min→8.3 m ³ / min). Thereby, the air motor rotation speed (= jig rotation speed) of the first drive unit is reduced (360 rpm → 180 rpm). Along with this, the torque also decreases (300 N · m → 150 N · m).
[0031]
(Jig drawing process)
(4) Reverse the direction of air flow with the air direction switching solenoid valve, fully open the two solenoid valves of the second drive unit, rotate the air motor in reverse, and pull out the jig at full speed (0.52 m / s). .
As a result, the time required to open all tuyere was about 15 minutes, and from the results of measuring the residual brick size, each tuyere and surrounding deposits were sufficiently removed, and the tuyere bricks were missing. It was confirmed that there is almost no. In addition, the tip of the jig smoothly entered the tuyere hole without colliding with the brick around the tuyere entrance for any tuyere.
[0032]
[Method B]
For the converter tuyere in the same state as in Method A, use the one with the proximity switch removed from the device in Fig. 3 and perform the tuyere opening operation from the pre-insertion to the completion of opening at full speed (0.52m / s). went. As a result, the time required to open all the tuyere was as short as about 10 minutes, but from the results of measuring the remaining brick size, the majority of the tuyere (about 60% of the total number) tuyere removed residue and tuyere. A remarkable defect of brick was confirmed.
[0033]
[Method C]
For the converter tuyere in the same state as in Method A, using the one with the proximity switch removed from the device in Fig. 3, the tuyere opening work is performed at a low speed (0.26 m / s and 180 rpm) from before insertion until the opening is completed. Went. As a result, it takes about 25 minutes to open all the tuyere, and at the tuyere opened until about 15 minutes have passed since the start of the work (about 30 minutes from the discharge of crude copper) Mouth brick defects were not observed, but in the tuyere opened for about 10 minutes thereafter, the furnace temperature was too low, and there were not a few defects in the tuyer bricks.
[0034]
FIG. 6 shows the results of examining the behavior of a tuyere brick defect (decrease in tuyere brick length) by repeating the tuyere opening operation of the converter in each of the above methods A, B, and C. In this converter, the tuyere brick length is 50cm immediately after the furnace repair work, and when it reaches the management target of 10cm after gradually decreasing in the process of repeated operation, the furnace repair work is performed again. The converter life is expressed as the number of converter operations from one furnace repair to the next. As shown in FIG. 6, in the method A in which the insertion speed is switched from high to low during the insertion of the jig tuyere, the tuyere bricks are least damaged, and the converter life is the longest of 450 cycles or more. Further, in the method B in which the insertion speed of the jig is set at a high speed, the deposits are smashed and the tip of the tuyere brick is most marked, and the converter life is as short as about 150 cycles. In Method C, where the insertion speed of the jig is slow, the loss of the tuyere bricks is about halfway between Method A and Method B due to the increase in the adhesion strength of the adhering material as the furnace temperature falls, and the converter life is 300 cycles. Degree. That is, the method A is most advantageous in terms of converter life.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, in the converter tuyere opening work, it is not necessary to readjust the position and angle of the tuyere opening jig for each tuyere, and work efficiently without causing damage to the tuyere bricks. As a result, it has an excellent effect of improving the converter life.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of a method (1) .
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a device (3) .
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a device (3) .
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the temperature drop history in the furnace after the end of the copper making period.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a preferred example of the tip of a drill rod.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing a comparison of the defect behavior of tuyere bricks in Examples A, B, and C.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Converter 2 Tuyere 3 Brick 4 Blocking part (attachment)
5 Jig (breaking bar or drill bar)
6 1st drive part 7 2nd drive part 8 Base 9 Resilient seat
10 carts
11 First drive unit (air motor)
12 Second drive unit (air motor)
13 Resilient Seat
14 sensors (proximity sensors, limit switches)
15 Speed controller
16 Dog
17 Air cylinder
18 Rotating arm
19 Slide block
20 Elastic displacement
21 Forward (or backward)
22 Drill rod
23 Air outlet

Claims (4)

During the blowing of the copper smelting converter or after the end of the copper making period, a rod-shaped jig is inserted into the tuyeres of the converter, and one or both of striking force and rotational force are applied to the jig, and the tuyere In the converter tuyere opening method for opening the tuyere by hitting and / or cutting the closed part of the tuyere, the inner surface of the outer end of the tuyere has a trumpet shape and is provided at the tip of the jig The tuyere is opened while air is being ejected from the air outlet, and the jig is elastically positioned in the height direction according to the external force when the jig is misaligned via a resilient seat comprising a spring or an air cylinder. It is supported so that it can be elastically displaced in the vertical direction so as to change the angle, and it is detected that the jig has passed a predetermined position, and the insertion speed and rotation speed of the jig are reduced according to the detection signal. A converter tuyere opening method. The converter tuyere opening method according to claim 1 , wherein instead of the jig passing through a predetermined position, a rotational force applied to the jig becomes a predetermined value or more. It is an apparatus used for implementation of the method of Claim 1 or 2 , Comprising : The said tuyere to the cart which can move along the arrangement direction of the tuyere which made the outer end part inner surface of a copper smelting converter the trumpet shape and insertable rod-shaped jig, a first driver for applying a rotational force to the jig, and a second drive unit for advancing or retracting the jig, when the deviation center of the jig to be al a converter tuyere opening device provided with a resilient seat made of spring or an air cylinder for vertical elastically displaceably supported to change the position and angle of the resiliently height direction according to an external force in A plurality of air jets provided at the tip of the jig, a sensor for detecting that the jig has passed a predetermined position, and a forward speed and rotation of the jig in accordance with a detection signal of the sensor A converter having a speed control unit for changing the speed to a low speed side Mouth opening device. The converter tuyere according to claim 3 , wherein a sensor for detecting that the rotational force applied to the jig has reached a predetermined value or more is used in place of the sensor for detecting that the jig has passed a predetermined position. Opening device.

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