JP4937496B2 - 生体吸収性で多孔質の補強済み組織インプラントの製造方法及びそのインプラント - Google Patents
生体吸収性で多孔質の補強済み組織インプラントの製造方法及びそのインプラント Download PDFInfo
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- JP4937496B2 JP4937496B2 JP2004062646A JP2004062646A JP4937496B2 JP 4937496 B2 JP4937496 B2 JP 4937496B2 JP 2004062646 A JP2004062646 A JP 2004062646A JP 2004062646 A JP2004062646 A JP 2004062646A JP 4937496 B2 JP4937496 B2 JP 4937496B2
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Description
本発明は、軟部組織損傷の修復に使用するための、生体吸収性で多孔質の補強済み移植可能デバイスと、そのようなデバイスの使用方法及び製法とに関する。
(例えば、筋骨格組織を包含する)軟質組織の損傷は、損傷の重篤さ及び種類のような諸因子によって左右されるが、外科的介入によって修復する必要がある場合がある。そのような外科的修復は、従来の多くの外科的処置を用いることによって(例えば、損傷した組織を縫合することによって、及び/又は損傷した組織にインプラントを取り付けることによって)行なうことができる。インプラントが、損傷した組織に構造的支持を与えることができ;しかも、該インプラントが、基体(substrate)であってその上で細胞が成長することのできる該基体としても役に立つことがあり;このようにして、速やかな治癒が促進されることは知られている。
かなりありふれている組織損傷の1つの例は、骨盤底の損傷又は脱出(prolapse)である。これは、分娩の間に生じるか又はその後の合併症から生じることのある潜在的に重篤な医療状態であって、膀胱筋膜の損傷を引き起こすことのある該医療状態である。この種の損傷は、膀胱ヘルニアである膀胱瘤を引き起こすことがある。類似の医療状態には、直腸瘤(直腸ヘルニア)、腸ヘルニア(直腸子宮窩又は膀胱子宮窩を通過する腸の突出)、及び腸膀胱瘤(膀胱と腸の両方が突出する二重ヘルニア)が包含される。
修復用の生体吸収性組織インプラントデバイスであって、患部の中に移植を行なうことに関連する応力に有効に耐えるのに十分に長い滞留時間と十分な構造的完全性(structural integrity)とを有する該インプラントデバイスの必要性が依然として存在している。また、修復用の生体吸収性組織インプラントデバイスであって、取り囲む領域の組織の、長期間に渡る侵食及び表皮剥脱を最小限に抑えるか又は排除する該インプラントデバイスの必要性も依然として存在している。
生体吸収性の補強済み組織インプラントを開示する。該組織インプラントは、生体適合性のポリマーフォームと、生体適合性の補強用ポリマー部材とを有している。該フォーム及び該補強用部材は、共通の溶媒に溶ける。
本発明の更にもう1つの面は、生体吸収性補強済み組織インプラントの製法である。溶媒に入れたフォーム形成用生体適合性ポリマーの溶液を与える。該溶媒は、凝固点を持っている。追加的に、生体適合性の補強用ポリマー部材を与える。補強用ポリマー部材は、適切なモールドの空洞に配置する。該モールドの空洞の少なくとも一部分が該溶液で充填され、該補強用部材の少なくとも一部が該溶液と接触するようなやり方で、該空洞に該溶液を添加する。その補強用部材と溶液とは、該溶媒の凝固点より低い温度に急冷し、次いで、凍結乾燥を行う。
本発明に関するこれらの面及び他の面は、次の記述及び添付図面によって、一層明らかになるであろう。
本発明は、好ましくは生体吸収性である、生体適合性(biocompatible; 生体親和性)の組織インプラント、即ち「仮設骨組み(scafford; 仮構え)」デバイスと;そのようなデバイスを製造する方法と;そのようなデバイスを使用する方法と;に関する。該インプラントは、連続気泡孔構造又は独立気泡孔構造を持つ諸孔を有する生体吸収性ポリマーフォームで造られた1つ以上の層を備えている。該インプラント内に、1種以上の補強用要素も存在しており、高められた機械的性質と取扱い適性とを助長している。該補強用要素は、生体適合性のメッシュ生地(mesh fiber)の形態であるのが好ましい。該補強用要素は、生体吸収性であることも好ましい。
幾つかの外科的用途において、例えば、骨盤底又は回旋腱板を修復するための補強用材料として使用するために、本発明の組織インプラントは、手術室で取扱うのに十分な機械的結着性(mechanical integrity)を有していることが望ましい。加えて、該インプラントは、組織を効果的に補強するのに十分な破裂強さ(burst strength)を有していることが望ましく、しかも、該インプラントの構造は、組織内方成長(tissue ingrowth)を助長するのに適していなければならない。組織内方成長を促進する好ましい構造は、フォーム要素の気泡(cells; セル)が開いており、しかも、細胞の内方成長を可能にするのに十分な大きさに造られているものである。適切な孔径は、十分に効果的であるものであって、それら孔は、典型的には約10〜1000μm(一層好ましくは約50〜500μm)の範囲の平均直径を有している。
インプラント10は、手術室環境内における取扱いの容易性を助長するのに十分であり;しかも、縫合部が引き裂かれることなく受け入れられ且つ保持されることができるのに十分である;構造的完全性(structural integrity)と物理的特性とを持っていなければならない。十分な強度と物理的特性とは、フォーム要素及び補強用要素を形成するのに使用される材料の選定と、製造方法とによって、インプラント中に創り出される。図5に示されるように、フォーム要素12と補強用要素14とは、該フォーム要素の孔13が、補強用要素14のメッシュの中に入り込んで該補強用要素と互いにかみ合うような具合に、一体化される。該フォーム要素の隣接している諸層の諸壁もまた、それらフォーム層が補強用材料の層によって分離されているか否かに関わらず、又は、それらフォーム層が同一材料で造られているか否か若しくは異なる材料で造られているか否かに関わらず、互いにかみ合う。
本明細書及び特許請求の範囲で使用する用語「ポリグリコリド(polyglycolide)」は、ポリグリコール酸を包含するものと解釈する。更に、用語「ポリラクチド(polylactide)」は、L−ラクチドのポリマー;D−ラクチドのポリマー;メソ−ラクチドのポリマー;それらの混合物;乳酸のポリマー;及び、乳酸のコポリマーであって、他の成分が50モル%未満の量で存在している該コポリマー;を包含するものと解釈する。
材料基体の、体部環境において時宜を得たやり方で吸収する能力は、重要である。しかし、生体内条件下での吸収時間の差異もまた、2種類の異なるコポリマーを組合せるための基礎となることがある。例えば、ε−カプロラクトン及びグリコリドの35/65のコポリマー(比較的速い吸収性のポリマー)は、ε−カプロラクトン及びL−ラクチドの40/60のコポリマー(比較的遅い吸収性のポリマー)と混合して、フォーム要素を形成する。使用する加工技術によって決まるが、2つの構成要素は、不規則に(randomly)相互連結している共連続相(bicontinuous phases)であるか、又は、それら構成要素は、2つの構成要素層の間に十分に一体化した境界面を有する、積層タイプの複合材料の形態の、勾配様構造(gradient-like architecture; 傾斜様組織)を有することがある。これらポリマーフォームの微細構造は、組織の所望の解剖学的特徴を再生するか又は修復するように最適化することができ、それは工学技術によって設計されている。
1つの具体例において、補強用材料を形成するフィラメントは、共押出し成形を行なって、シース(sheath; さや)/コア(core; 芯)構造を有するフィラメントを造ることができる。そのようなフィラメントは、生体分解性ポリマーのシースであって、もう1つの生体分解性ポリマーで構成される1つ以上のコアを取り囲んでいる該シースを有している。これは、伸張された支持体が、組織の内方成長にとって必要である場合、望ましいことがある。
これらのフォームを製造するときに伴なう諸工程には、凍結乾燥すべきポリマーのための正しい溶媒を選定し、次いで、均質な溶液を調製する工程が包含される。該ポリマー溶液は、次いで、凍結及び真空乾燥のサイクルにかける。凍結工程の段階において該ポリマー溶液は分離され;また、真空乾燥工程において、昇華及び/又は乾燥によって溶媒が除去されて;多孔質のポリマー構造、又は連続気泡多孔質フォームが残される。
利用することのできる適切なポリマー濃度又は溶媒の量は、各々の系(system)によって変わる。溶液中のポリマーの量は通常、約0.5重量%〜約90重量%の範囲で変わることがあり、好ましくは約0.5重量%〜約30重量%の範囲で変わる。これは、諸因子(例えば、所定の溶媒におけるポリマーの溶解度、及びフォームにとって望ましい最終特性)によって決まる。
種々のタイプの固体をポリマー−溶媒系に添加することができる。ポリマー又は溶媒と反応しないタイプの固体が好ましい。添加される固体は通常、約1.0mm未満の平均直径を有し、好ましくは約50〜約500μmの平均直径を有する。それら固体は、それら固体がポリマー−溶媒の混合物の全容量(ここに、全容量%は100容量%に等しい)の約1〜約50容量%となるような量で存在するのが好ましい。
組織インプラントを放射線不透過性(radio opaque)にする固体(例えば、硫酸バリウム)を添加することも可能である。添加することのできる固体には、組織の再生又は再成長を助長する固体だけでなく、緩衝剤、補強剤、又は気孔率調整剤として作用する固体も包含されることがある。
メッシュ補強用材料を利用する具体例において、補強用メッシュはある密度範囲を有するのが好都合である。即ち、該メッシュ材料中の開口は、構成体を縫合し得るようにするのに十分密でなければならないが、補強用メッシュ開口を通過する細胞及びフォーム材料の適度の侵入を妨げるほど密であってはならない。補強用要素の全域に渡って適切な結合がなければ、層構造の完全性(integrity)は弱まって、該構成体は脆弱となり、且つ、取り扱いが困難となる。
この開示内容はとりわけ、凍結乾燥用溶媒に溶ける補強用要素を用いるような生体適用性の生体吸収性組織インプラントの製法に関する。
手短に言えば、それらインプラントは、補強用材料を、引伸ばし・締付け器具の内部に;所望の位置及び所望の方向に;また、必要ならば、加工処理の間、張力を受ける状態に;置くことによって造る。引伸ばし・締付け器具(stretcher and clamp apparatus)は、次いで、モールド内において、モールド組立て体(mold assembly)を作る。適切な溶媒に入れた所望のポリマー材料の溶液は、これをモールド組立て体に添加する前、予備冷却する。該モールド組立て体もまた予備冷却することができ、該モールド組立て体は、直ちに、該溶媒の溶融点未満に冷却する。最終的に、該モールド組立て体中の溶液は、凍結乾燥して、ポリマーフォーム内に補強用材料が埋め込まれているインプラントを得る。この方法の諸工程の各々は、次のセクションにおいて一層詳しく取り扱う。
凍結乾燥の前、補強用要素をアニーリングすれば、該補強用要素の溶解に対する抵抗が更に増大する。補強用繊維の結晶化レベルを高めるアニーリング計画は、とりわけ有用である。95/5のポリ(ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)補強用要素に関し、該補強用材料を窒素雰囲気下、120℃で、3時間保持する工程を包含するアニーリングサイクルは、これら構成体を加工処理するのに好ましい方法である。
引伸ばし・締付け器具30は、内側フレーム及び外側フレーム(32,36)から成る。内側フレーム32は外側表面34を有するのに対して、外側フレーム36は内側表面38を有する。図7に示す通り、メッシュ40が外側フレーム36の内側表面38と内側フレーム32の外側表面34の間で噛み合って固定されるように、メッシュ40は、フレーム(32,36)の間に置く。
前記に手短に述べたように、該メッシュに与えられたあるレベルの張力が、補強の強度保持の役目を果たすことができることは、予測されないことではない。この強度保持力は、装填を行なう間、該メッシュに与えられた残留応力によって生じる。引伸ばし・締付け器具から除去した後、そのような張力を保持するためには、張力が掛かっている間、該メッシュをアニーリングすることが好ましい。これは、焼きなまし炉内にメッシュを吊るし、アニーリングの間、該メッシュに荷重をかけることによって達成することができる。アニーリングを行なった後であって、吊るして荷重をかけたメッシュを取り外す前、引伸ばし・締付け器具に固定することができ、その後、続いて、該組立て体は焼きなまし炉から取り去る。荷重の最適レベルは、実験によって決定することができる。
補強用要素のための好ましい組成物は、95/5のポリ(ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)である。以下の諸実施例では、このコポリマーの2種の繊維形態:即ち、10〜15μm程度の直径を持つフィラメントを有するヤーンと、125μmの直径を持つモノフィラメントとを使用した。
図8は、回旋腱板腱52に損傷54のある、患者の肩50を示す。図9に、本発明に従って損傷54を修復する方法を例示する。ここに、インプラント60は、損傷54の上に配置され、適切に固定されている。該インプラントは、締り嵌め(interference fit)を用いて損傷54の内部か;又は、該インプラントが該組織を補強するようなやり方で、裂け目(tear)を構成する損傷54の近辺に;配置することもできる。また、インプラント60で、損傷54を持つ組織の周囲を包むこともできる。
次の諸実施例は、本発明の原理と実施とを例示するものの、それらに限定されない。当業者には、本発明の範囲及び趣旨の範囲内で、更なる多くの具体例が容易に認められるであろう。次の諸実施例の各々によって造られる構成体は、表1による構成体識別コードで示されている。
この実施例は、現行技術に記述されいる方法に従って、また、この研究において記述したやり方(即ち、ポリマー溶液を添加した後、モールド組立て体を急冷すること)で製造した95/5ポリ(ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)メッシュ補強材を用いた三次元エラストマー組織インプラントの製法を記述する。
この実施例の諸構成体の補強材として使用するメッシュは、95/5ポリ(ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)ヤーンで造った。引伸ばし・締付け器具よりも僅かに大きい寸法(5cm×14cm)に切断した諸メッシュ片は、製造の間に蓄積された異物及び潤滑仕上げ剤を除去するために、ブランソニック超音波クリーナ(Bransonic Ultrasonic Cleaner)[コネチカット州ダンベリー(Danbury)のブランソン・ウルトラソニックス社(Branson Ultrasonics Corp.)]を使用する撹拌バッチ洗浄方法を用いて、溶媒精錬を行った(solvent-scoured)。精錬を行うため、該メッシュは、イソプロピルアルコールを満たしたプラスチックトレイの中に置き、該トレイは超音波クリーナの中に入れた。該クリーナの温度は30℃に維持した。該メッシュは、次いで、超音波クリーナ中で30分間撹拌し;脱イオン水で3回洗浄し;次いで、脱イオン水を満たしたプラスチックトレイの中で30分間再撹拌した。次いで、該メッシュは、プラスチックトレイから取り出して、一晩中、真空下に置いた。次いで、メッシュは、該メッシュをぴんと張った状態且つ平坦に保つのに使用される引伸ばし・締付け器具の中に置いた。引伸ばし・締付け器具中の該メッシュは、次いで、冷たく乾燥した環境に置いた。
モールド組立て体は、次いで、乾燥機から取り出し、窒素箱の中に一晩中置いた。この加工処理が完了した後、得られた構成体は、モールドから、フォーム/メッシュのシートの形態で慎重に剥ぎ取った。
この実施例は、本実施例において、95/5ポリ(ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)ヤーンメッシュを、加工処理を行なう前、アニーリングを行なったという例外を除き、実施例1と同一である。
洗浄した諸メッシュは、それらメッシュを平坦且つぴんと張った状態に保つのに使用される引伸ばし・締付け器具の中に置いた。そのメッシュ/引伸ばし・締付け器具の組立て体は、次いで、不活性ガスアニーリング炉の中に配置し、次いで、120℃で3時間の間アニーリングを行なった。残りの実験は、実施例1と同じやり方で行なった:但し、1つのアニーリング済みメッシュは急冷しない状態にし、他のメッシュは急冷した。
この実施例においては、マルチフィラメントヤーンの代わりのメッシュを造るために、95/5ポリ(ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)モノフィラメントを使用したことを除いて、実施例1に記述した手順と同一の手順を使用した。他の唯一の相違は、使用したモールドの寸法であった。この実施例において、1,4−ジオキサンに入れた同一の60/40のポリ(ラクチド−コ−カプロラクトン)溶液5重量%を、一層小さいアルミニウムモールド(15.3×7cm2)の中に注入した。従って、ポリマー溶液40gは、該モールドの底部を完全に覆うのに十分であった。更に、それらメッシュは、実施例1において記述した手順に従って洗浄し;次いで、引伸ばし・締付け器具によって強く締付けた、洗浄済みモノフィラメントメッシュは、ポリマー含有モールドの中に配置した。1つのモールドは、該メッシュを配置した後、凍結乾燥機の棚に直接置き、次いで、実施例1で記述したサイクルに従って、凍結乾燥を行なった。他のメッシュは先ず、モールドを凍結乾燥機の棚に置く前、液体窒素を入れたステンレス鋼トレイの中に該モールドを配置することによって急冷した。凍結した組立て体は、次いで、実施例1で記述したサイクルと同じサイクルに従って、凍結乾燥を行なった。
この実施例において、95/5ポリ(ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)モノフィラメントメッシュは、加工処理を行なう前、アニーリングを行なったという例外を除き、この実施例は、実施例3とほとんど同じであった。それらメッシュは、実施例1に記述した手順に従って洗浄した。洗浄済みメッシュは、それらメッシュを平坦且つぴんと張った状態に保持するのに使用する引伸ばし・締付け器具の中に配置した。そのメッシュ/引伸ばし・締付け器具の組立て体は、次いで、不活性ガスアニーリング炉の中に配置し、次いで、120℃で3時間の間アニーリングを行なった。1つのアニーリング済みモノフィラメントメッシュは、大きいアルミニウムモールドであって、全ての実施例で使用した1,4−ジオキサンに入れた、60/40ポリ(ラクチド−コ−カプロラクトン)5重量%の溶液(100g)を含有する該モールドの中に配置し;次いで、このモールドは、凍結乾燥機の棚に置き;次いで、実施例1で記述したサイクルに従って凍結乾燥を行なった。他のモノフィラメントメッシュは、小さいアルミニウムモールドであって、1,4−ジオキサンに入れた、60/40ポリ(ラクチド−コ−カプロラクトン)5重量%の溶液(40g)を含有する該モールドの中に配置し;次いで、ポリマー溶液中に浸漬した後、直ちに急冷した。この凍結したモールドは次いで、凍結乾燥機の棚に置き;次いで、実施例1で記述したサイクルに従って凍結乾燥を行なった。
急冷工程を加えることによって、補強用要素が一層少なく溶解した補強済み構成体が得られることが分かった。急冷工程を行なわないと、メッシュの領域は、溶媒に溶解し始めることが観察され、補強用要素として作用する能力が低減した。
この実施例は、実施例1及び実施例2で造った補強用メッシュの機械的性質の試験を記述する。諸構成体の要素を、対照として試験を行った。メッシュの対照は、実施例1に概説する手順に従って洗浄した。
実施例1及び実施例2で記述した諸構成体のピーク負荷は、20ポンドのロードセル(load cell; 荷重計)を備えた、インストロン・マシン(Instron Machine)[マサチューセッツ州カントン(Canton)のインストロン社(Instron, Inc.)、モデル4501]を用いて測定した。諸メッシュ対照ははさみで切断したという例外を除き、諸試料は、ダイカッタを用いて40mm×9.9mmに切断した。また、試験を行なう前、各々の試料の厚さを測定した。各々の対照及び構成体タイプの7種の試料を測定した。20mmのゲージ長さ、即ち、グリップの間に挟まれる構成体の長さが、実験の開始時に存在するようなそれら試料をつかむのに、ゴム被覆済み表面を有する空気グリップ(pneumatic grips)を使用した。グリップの圧力は、50psiに設定した。クロスヘッド(cross-head)速度は、1インチ/分であった。
(A)生体適合性ポリマーフォームと、生体適合性ポリマー補強用部材とを有する組織インプラントであって、該フォーム及び該補強用部材が共通溶媒に溶解し得る、上記インプラント。
(1)ポリマーフォームが生体吸収性である、実施態様(A)に記載のインプラント。
(2)ポリマーフォームが、脂肪族ポリエステル、ポリ(アミノ酸)、蓚酸ポリアルキレン、ポリアミド、チロシン誘導ポリカーボネート、ポリオルトエステル、ポリアミドエステル、並びにそれらのコポリマー及び混合物から成る群から選ばれるポリマーを含有している、実施態様(A)に記載のインプラント。
(3)ポリマーフォームが、約70/30〜約55/45の間のモル比を有するポリ(ラクチド−コ−カプロラクトン)を含有している、実施態様(A)に記載のインプラント。
(4)ポリマーフォームが、約60/40のモル比を有するポリ(ラクチド−コ−カプロラクトン)を含有している、実施態様(A)に記載のインプラント。
(5)ポリマーフォームが、約35/65〜約65/35の間のモル比を有するポリ(グリコリド−コ−カプロラクトン)を含有している、実施態様(A)に記載のインプラント。
(7)ポリマーフォームが、約60/40のモル比を有するポリ(ラクチド−コ−カプロラクトン)と、約65/35のモル比を有するポリ(グリコリド−コ−カプロラクトン)の混合物を含有している、実施態様(A)に記載のインプラント。
(8)ポリマー補強用部材が、複数個の粒子を含有している、実施態様(A)に記載のインプラント。
(9)ポリマー補強用部材が、少なくとも1枚のシートを含有している、実施態様(A)に記載のインプラント。
(10)ポリマー補強用部材が、少なくとも1種の繊維製品を含有している、実施態様(A)に記載のインプラント。
(12)繊維製品が、マルチフィラメントヤーンを含有している、上記実施態様(10)に記載のインプラント。
(13)マルチフィラメントヤーンが、少なくとも2本のフィラメントを含有している、上記実施態様(12)に記載のインプラント。
(14)繊維製品が、メッシュを含有している、上記実施態様(10)に記載のインプラント。
(15)繊維製品が、ブレード(braid; ひも)を含有している、上記実施態様(10)に記載のインプラント。
(17)繊維製品が、織物を含有している、上記実施態様(10)に記載のインプラント。
(18)繊維製品が、編物を含有している、上記実施態様(10)に記載のインプラント。
(19)繊維製品が、不織布を含有している、上記実施態様(10)に記載のインプラント。
(20)メッシュが、モノフィラメントを含有している、上記実施態様(14)に記載のインプラント。
(22)モノフィラメントが、約50〜約2000μmの間の直径を有している、上記実施態様(11)に記載のインプラント。
(23)メッシュが、約20%〜約88%のメッシュ密度を有している、上記実施態様(13)に記載のインプラント。
(24)メッシュが、約20%〜約55%のメッシュ密度を有している、上記実施態様(13)に記載のインプラント。
(25)ポリマー補強用部材が、生体吸収性ポリマーを含有している、実施態様(A)に記載のインプラント。
(27)ポリマー補強用部材が、重合したラクチドとグリコリドのコポリマーを含有するメッシュを含有している、実施態様(A)に記載のインプラント。
(28)ポリマー補強用部材が、95/5のモル比のポリ(ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)を含有するメッシュを含有している、実施態様(A)に記載のインプラント。
(29)ポリマーフォームが、連続気泡構造を有している、実施態様(A)に記載のインプラント。
(30)ポリマーフォームが、独立気泡構造を有している、実施態様(A)に記載のインプラント。
凝固点を有する溶媒に入っているフォーム形成性の生体適合性ポリマーを含有する溶液を与える工程と;
生体適合性ポリマー補強用部材を与える工程と;
適切なモールドの空洞に前記ポリマー補強用部材を入れる工程と;
前記モールドの空洞の少なくとも一部が前記溶液で充填され、前記補強用部材の少なくとも一部が前記溶液と接触するようなやり方で、該空洞に該溶液を添加する工程と;
前記の補強用部材と溶液とを、前記溶媒の凝固点より低い温度まで急冷して、凍結乾燥する工程と;
を包含する、上記製造方法。
(31)モールドの空洞の中の補強用部材を、特定の配置で配列する工程を更に包含する、請求項2に記載の方法。
(32)補強用部材は、モールドの空洞の中に配置する前、アニーリングを行なう、実施態様(B)に記載の方法。
(33)補強用部材は、モールドの空洞の中に配置する前、張力を加える、実施態様(B)に記載の方法。
(34)モールドは、該モールドの空洞の中に補強用部材を配置する前、溶媒の凝固点未満まで冷却する、実施態様(B)に記載の方法。
(35)フォーム形成性ポリマー又は溶媒と反応しない固体を溶液に添加する、実施態様(B)に記載の方法。
(37)固体は、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、塩化カルシウム、酒石酸ナトリウム、クエン酸ナトリウム、グルコース、フルクトース、デキストロース、マルトース、ラクトース、スクロース、デンプン、アルギん酸塩、キトサン、及びアガロースから成る群から選ばれる部分を含有する、上記実施態様(35)に記載の方法。
(38)固体は、ステンレス鋼、コバルトクロム、チタン、チタン合金、アルミナ、及びジルコニアから成る群から選ばれる部分を含有する、上記実施態様(35)に記載の方法。
(39)固体は、ポリエチレン、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリメチルメタクリレート、シリコーン、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリウレタン、セルロース、キチン、ケラチン、及びフッ素化ポリマーから成る群から選ばれる部分を含有する、上記実施態様(35)に記載の方法。
(40)ポリマーフォームは、生体吸収性ポリマーである、実施態様(B)に記載の方法。
(42)ポリマー補強用部材は、生体吸収性ポリマーを含有する、実施態様(B)に記載の方法。
(43)ポリマー補強用部材は、脂肪族ポリエステル、ポリ(アミノ酸)、蓚酸ポリアルキレン、ポリアミド、チロシン誘導ポリカーボネート、ポリオルトエステル、ポリアミドエステル、並びにそれらのコポリマー及び混合物から成る群から選ばれるポリマーを含有している、実施態様(B)に記載の方法。
(C)損傷した組織を修復する方法において、
生体適合性ポリマーフォームと生体適合性補強用部材とを含有する生体適合性組織インプラントを与える段階であって、該ポリマーフォーム及び該補強用部材を同一溶媒に溶解させる該段階;並びに
組織損傷に関する部位の所望の位置に、前記インプラントを配置する段階;
を包含する、上記修復方法。
(44)インプラントは、組織損傷を構成する損傷の内部に配置する、実施態様(C)に記載の方法。
(45)インプラントは損傷の上に配置する、上記実施態様(44)に記載の方法。
(47)インプラントは、締まり嵌め(interference fit)を用いて、損傷の内部に配置する、上記実施態様(44)に記載の方法。
(48)インプラントは、該インプラントが組織を補強するようなやり方で、裂け目(tear)を構成する損傷の近辺に配置する、上記実施態様(44)に記載の方法。
(49)インプラントは、損傷を有する組織の周囲に巻き付ける、上記実施態様(44)に記載の方法。
(50)発泡ポリマー及びポリマー補強用部材は、生体吸収性ポリマーを有する、実施態様(C)に記載の方法。
(52)インプラントは、ステープルで留めることによって、損傷部位に固定する、実施態様(C)に記載の方法。
(53)インプラントは、接着剤を使用することによって、損傷部位に固定する、実施態様(C)に記載の方法。
(54)インプラントは、縫合用アンカー(suture anchors)、組織留め鋲(tissue tacks)、ダーツ(darts)、ネジ釘、矢(arrows)、及びそれらの組み合せから成る群から選ばれるデバイスを使用することによって、損傷部位に固定する、実施態様(C)に記載の方法。
(55)接着剤は、フィブリン接着剤(fibrin glues)、フィブリンクロット(fibrin clots)、血小板多血漿、血小板乏血漿、凝血塊、生物学的適合性接着剤、及びそれらの組み合せから成る群から選ぶ、上記実施態様(53)に記載の方法。
(56)損傷組織は軟部組織を有する、実施態様(C)に記載の方法。
(57)モールドは、該モールドの空洞の中に補強用部材を配置する前、25℃未満に冷却し;該モールドの空洞に溶液を添加する前、25℃未満であるが該溶液の凝固点より高い温度に該溶液を予備冷却する、実施態様(B)に記載の方法。
Claims (7)
- 組織インプラントであって、
生体適合性ポリマーフォームと、95/5ポリ(ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)からなる生体適合性ポリマー補強用部材とを有し、
該フォーム及び該補強用部材が共通の凍結乾燥用溶媒に溶解し得るものであり、
当該組織インプラントは、前記ポリマー補強用部材をアニーリングし、アニーリングされた前記ポリマー補強用部材を適切なモールドの空洞に配置し、前記モールドの空洞を前記凍結乾燥用溶媒に入っているフォーム形成性の生体適合性ポリマーを含有する溶液で充填し、凍結乾燥前に、前記補強用部材と前記溶液とを前記凍結乾燥用溶媒の凝固点より低い温度まで急冷し、前記溶液を凍結乾燥することによって製造されるインプラント。 - 前記生体適合性ポリマーフォームは、脂肪族ポリエステル、ポリ(アミノ酸)、蓚酸ポリアルキレン、ポリアミド、チロシン誘導ポリカーボネート、ポリオルトエステル、ポリオキサエステル、ポリアミドエステル、並びにそれらのコポリマー及び混合物から成る群から選ばれるポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- 生体適合性組織インプラントの製造方法において、
凝固点を有する凍結乾燥用溶媒に入っているフォーム形成性の生体適合性ポリマーを含有する溶液を与える工程と;
95/5ポリ(ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)からなる生体適合性ポリマー補強用部材であって、前記凍結乾燥用溶媒に溶解し得る生体適合性ポリマー補強用部材を与える工程と;
前記ポリマー補強用部材をアニーリングする工程と;
適切なモールドの空洞に、アニーリングされた前記ポリマー補強用部材を配置する工程と;
前記モールドの空洞の少なくとも一部が前記溶液で充填され、前記補強用部材の少なくとも一部が前記溶液と接触するようなやり方で、該空洞に該溶液を添加する工程と;
凍結乾燥前に、前記補強用部材と前記溶液とを、前記補強用部材を前記凍結乾燥用溶媒にさらすことを制限するように前記凍結乾燥用溶媒の凝固点より低い温度まで急冷する工程と;
前記溶液を凍結乾燥する工程と;
を包含する、製造方法。 - 前記モールドの空洞の中の補強用部材を、特定の配置で配列する工程を更に包含する、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記補強用部材は、前記モールドの空洞の中に配置する前、張力を加える、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記モールドは、該モールドの空洞の中に前記補強用部材を配置する前、前記凍結乾燥用溶媒の凝固点未満まで冷却する、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記フォーム形成性の生体適合性ポリマーは、脂肪族ポリエステル、ポリ(アミノ酸)、蓚酸ポリアルキレン、ポリアミド、チロシン誘導ポリカーボネート、ポリオルトエステル、ポリオキサエステル、ポリアミドエステル、並びにそれらのコポリマー及び混合物から成る群から選ばれるポリマーを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
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| US10/383,369 US7368124B2 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2003-03-07 | Method of preparation of bioabsorbable porous reinforced tissue implants and implants thereof |
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| JP2004267777A JP2004267777A (ja) | 2004-09-30 |
| JP4937496B2 true JP4937496B2 (ja) | 2012-05-23 |
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| US (2) | US7368124B2 (ja) |
| EP (2) | EP1464346B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4937496B2 (ja) |
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| US20040175408A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
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| DE602004027188D1 (de) | 2010-07-01 |
| US20080241213A1 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
| EP2204200B1 (en) | 2018-11-14 |
| JP2004267777A (ja) | 2004-09-30 |
| EP1464346A1 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
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