JP5063698B2 - レイ・トレーシング画像処理システムにおけるピクセル色の決定方法および画像処理システム - Google Patents
レイ・トレーシング画像処理システムにおけるピクセル色の決定方法および画像処理システム Download PDFInfo
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Description
図1は、本発明の一実施態様に従う、マルチ・コア処理エレメント100を示す。マルチ・コア処理エレメント100は複数の基本スループット・エンジン105(Basic Throughput Engine(BTE))を含む。BTE105は、複数の処理スレッドとコア・キャッシュ(例えば、L1キャッシュ)とを含むことができる。各BTE内に配置された処理スレッドは、共有されるマルチ・コア処理エレメント・キャッシュ110(例えば、L2キャッシュ)へアクセスすることができる。
図3は、画像処理システムによりレンダリングされるべき代表的な3次元シーン305である。3次元シーン305の中にオブジェクト320が存在し得る。図3のオブジェクト320は、異なる幾何学的形状のオブジェクトである。図3では4つのオブジェクト320だけが示されているが、典型的な3次元シーン内のオブジェクトの数は、もっと多いことも少ないこともある。一般に、3次元シーンは、図3に示されているものより多くのオブジェクトを有するであろう。
レイ・トレーシングを実行するときに出会う1つの問題は、発せられたレイが、レンダリングされるべきシーンの中のオブジェクトを横切るか否かを速やかにかつ効率的に判定することである。レイ交差判定をより効率的にする当業者に知られている1つの方法は、空間インデックスを使用することである。空間インデックスは3次元のシーンあるいは世界を、プリミティブを含むかもしれないし含まないかもしれないより小さなボリューム(3次元シーン全体よりは小さい)に分割する。画像処理システムは、レイがより小さなボリュームに含まれているプリミティブを横切り得るか否かを判定するために、これらのより小さなボリュームの既知の境界を使用することができる。もしレイがプリミティブを含むボリュームを横切るならば、そのボリューム内に含まれるプリミティブの既知の位置および寸法と対照して該レイの軌跡を用いてレイ交差試験を実行することができる。もしレイが特定のボリュームを横切らなければ、そのボリューム内に含まれているプリミティブに対してレイ−プリミティブ交差試験を実行する必要は無い。さらに、もしレイがプリミティブを含まない境界ボリュームを横切るならば、その境界ボリュームに対してレイ−プリミティブ交差試験を実行する必要は無い。従って、必要であるかもしれないレイ−プリミティブ交差試験の数を減らすことによって、空間インデックスの使用はレイ・トレーシング画像処理システムの性能を大幅に向上させる。種々の空間インデックス加速データ構造の幾つかの例は、オクツリー(octree)、k次元ツリー(kd−ツリー)、およびバイナリ空間分割ツリー(BSPツリー)である。幾つかの異なる空間インデックス構造が存在するけれども、本発明の実施態様の記述を平易にするために、以下の例ではkd−ツリーが使用される。しかし、当業者は、種々のタイプの空間インデックスのいずれにも本発明の実施態様が応用され得ることを容易に認識するであろう。
図4の(A)−(C)は、画像処理システムによってレンダリングされるべき2次元空間と、対応するkd−ツリーとを示す。簡単のために、kd−ツリーの構築を説明するために2次元空間が使用されるけれども、kd−ツリーは3次元シーンを表すためにも使用され得る。図4の(A)−(C)の2次元説明図では、分割平面の代わりに分割線が示され、3次元構造で使用される境界ボリュームの代わりに境界エリアが示されている。しかし、当業者は、これらの概念がオブジェクトを含む3次元シーンに容易に応用され得ることを速やかに認識するであろう。
本発明の一実施態様に従って、画像処理システムによって時間に関して前に3次元シーン内に発せられたレイが、2次レイに起因する全ての色寄与(例えば、反射と屈折とに起因する)が計算されたか否かに関わらず、ピクセルの色に寄与し得るように、色寄与のスケーリング因子を用いるピクセル色累積アルゴリズムが使用され得る。
図7は、本発明の一実施態様に従って画像処理システムによってレンダリングされるべき代表的3次元シーン505を示す。図7は、図5に示されている3次元シーン505に類似している。しかし、図7は、3次元シーン505内の各オブジェクトに関連付けられたスケーリング因子を示している。さらに、図7は、レイが3次元シーン505の中へ横断してゆくにつれてオリジナル・レイ545が通過したピクセル535の色を更新することを示している。
Claims (9)
- プロセッサを備えるレイ・トレーシング画像処理システムにおいてピクセルの色を決定する方法であって、
前記プロセッサが前記ピクセルを通して3次元シーン中に1次レイを発するステップと、
前記プロセッサが前記1次レイにより横切られた第1プリミティブの色値に基づいて前記ピクセルについて初期色値を決定するステップと、
前記プロセッサが前記1次レイにより横切られた前記第1プリミティブから前記シーン中に少なくとも1つの2次レイを発するステップと、
前記プロセッサが前記2次レイにより横切られた第2プリミティブの色値と前記1次レイにより横切られた前記第1プリミティブに関連付けられている反射又は屈折のスケーリング因子とに基づき、前記ピクセルについての色値を更新する第1更新ステップと、
前記プロセッサが前記2次レイにより横切られた前記プリミティブから少なくとも1つの更なる2次レイを前記シーン中に発するステップと、
前記プロセッサが前記更なる2次レイにより横切られた第3プリミティブの色値と、前記第1プリミティブおよび前記第2プリミティブに基づく反射又は屈折の第2スケーリング因子とに基づいて前記ピクセルについての前記色値を更新する第2更新ステップと
を含み、
前記第1更新ステップは、前記第2プリミティブの反射又は屈折のスケーリング因子に基づくことなく、前記色値を更新し、
前記第2更新ステップは、前記第3プリミティブの反射又は屈折のスケーリング因子に基づくことなく、前記色値を更新する、
方法。 - 前記第2スケーリング因子は、前記第1プリミティブに関連付けられている前記スケーリング因子と前記第2プリミティブに関連付けられているスケーリング因子との組み合わせに基づいて計算される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記組み合わせは、前記第1プリミティブに関連付けられている前記スケーリング因子に、前記第2プリミティブに関連付けられている前記スケーリング因子を乗じることによって決定される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- メモリ・キャッシュと、
ピクセルを通して3次元シーン中にオリジナル・レイを発し、第1リーフ・ノードに達するまで空間インデックスを前記オリジナル・レイで横断するように構成されたプロセッサの第1処理エレメントと、
前記オリジナル・レイおよび前記第1リーフ・ノードを定義する情報を前記第1処理エレメントから受け取り、前記オリジナル・レイにより横切られた第1プリミティブの色に基づいて前記ピクセルに対する第1色寄与を決定し、前記第1プリミティブの反射特性または屈折特性に基づいて色寄与の第1スケーリング因子を決定し、前記オリジナル・レイと前記第1プリミティブとの交差に基づいて少なくとも1つの2次レイを発し、前記色寄与の第1スケーリング因子を前記少なくとも1つの2次レイに関連付けるように構成されたプロセッサの第2処理エレメントと、
を含み、
前記第1処理エレメントは、さらに、第2リーフ・ノードに達するまで前記空間インデックスを前記2次レイで横断するように構成されており、
前記第2処理エレメントは、さらに、前記2次レイおよび前記第2リーフ・ノードを定義する情報を前記第1処理エレメントから受け取り、
前記2次レイにより横切られた第2プリミティブの色と反射特性または屈折特性の第1スケーリング因子とに基づいて前記ピクセルに対する第2色寄与を決定し、
前記第1プリミティブおよび前記第2プリミティブの反射特性または屈折特性に基づいて色寄与の反射特性または屈折特性の第3スケーリング因子を決定し、
前記2次レイと前記第2プリミティブとの交差に基づいて少なくとも1つの更なる2次レイを発し、
前記色寄与の第3スケーリング因子を前記少なくとも1つの更なる2次レイに関連付けるように構成されており、
前記第2色寄与は、前記第2プリミティブの反射特性または屈折特性の第2スケーリング因子に基づくことなく、決定され、
前記第3スケーリング因子は、前記第3プリミティブの反射特性または屈折特性のスケーリング因子に基づくことなく、決定される
画像処理システム。 - 前記ピクセルに対応する前記メモリ・キャッシュ内の記憶場所をさらに含み、
前記第2処理エレメントは、前記ピクセルに対する前記第1色寄与を、前記第1ピクセルに対応する前記記憶場所に格納するように構成されている、
請求項4に記載の画像処理システム。 - 前記第1処理エレメントは、前記ピクセルに対応する前記メモリ・キャッシュ内の前記記憶場所から前記ピクセルの色を読み出し、前記記憶場所から読み出された前記ピクセルの前記色を、前記ピクセルに対する前記第2色寄与と組み合わせ、その組み合わせを前記ピクセルに対応する前記メモリ・キャッシュ内の前記記憶場所に格納するようにさらに構成されている、請求項5に記載の画像処理システム。
- 前記色寄与の第2スケーリング因子は、前記第1プリミティブの特性と前記第2プリミティブの特性との組み合わせに基づいて決定される、請求項4ないし6のうちのいずれかに記載の画像処理システム。
- 前記色寄与の第2スケーリング因子は、前記第1プリミティブに関連付けられているスケーリング因子に、前記第2プリミティブに関連付けられているスケーリング因子を乗じることによって決定される、請求項7に記載の画像処理システム。
- 請求項1ないし3のうちのいずれかの請求項のステップをコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7884819B2 (en) | 2011-02-08 |
| KR101054702B1 (ko) | 2011-08-08 |
| KR20090057994A (ko) | 2009-06-08 |
| EP2076888A1 (en) | 2009-07-08 |
| JP2010505164A (ja) | 2010-02-18 |
| EP2076888B1 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
| US20080074420A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
| WO2008037599A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
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