JP5236643B2 - ケモカイン受容体活性のモジュレーター、結晶形および方法 - Google Patents
ケモカイン受容体活性のモジュレーター、結晶形および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(a)医薬特性(すなわち、溶解度、透過性、持続放出配合に対する従順性);
(b)用量要件(たとえば、より低い用量および/または1日1回の投薬);
(c)血液濃度ピークトラフ間特徴を低下させる要素(すなわち、クリアランスおよび/または分布容量);
(d)受容体における活性薬物の濃度を増加させる要素(すなわち、タンパク質結合、分布容量);
(e)臨床的薬物間相互作用が起こりやすい傾向を低下させる要素(CYP 2D6阻害などのチトクロームP450酵素の阻害または誘導、本明細書中に参考として取り込まれているG. K. Dresser、J. D. Spence、D. G. Bailey、Clin. Pharmacokinet.、2000、38、41〜57を参照);
(f)有害な副作用の潜在性を低下させる要素(たとえば、Gタンパク質共役型受容体を超える薬理学的選択性、潜在的な化学的もしくは代謝的反応性、限定されたCNSへの浸透、および/またはイオンチャネル選択性)。前述の薬理学的特徴の望ましい組合せを有する化合物を発見することが特に望ましい。
本発明は、好ましい薬理学的特徴の予期しない組合せを有する、MCP−1受容体活性の新規のアンタゴニストまたは部分アゴニスト/アンタゴニスト:N−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミド、またはその医薬的に許容される塩、溶媒和物もしくはプロドラッグを提供する。本発明の結晶形もまた提供される。それを含む医薬組成物、並びに炎症性疾患、アレルギー性、自己免疫、代謝、癌および/または循環器疾患の治療剤としてのその使用方法もまた、本発明の目的である。本開示はまた、式(I)の化合物、例えば、N−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミド:
R1、R8、R9、R10および
の製造方法も提供する。本方法の有用な中間体である化合物もまた、本明細書で提供される。
本発明は、好ましい薬理学的特徴の予期しない組合せを有する、MCP−1受容体活性の新規のアンタゴニストまたは部分アゴニスト/アンタゴニスト:N−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミド、またはその医薬的に許容される塩、溶媒和物もしくはプロドラッグを提供する。本発明の結晶形もまた提供される。それを含む医薬組成物および炎症性、アレルギー性、自己免疫、代謝、癌および/または循環器疾患の治療剤としてのその使用方法もまた、本発明の目的である。本発明はまた、式(I)の化合物、例えばN−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミド:
R1、R8、R9、R10および
の製造方法も提供する。本方法の有用な中間体である化合物もまた、本明細書で提供される。
一つの態様において、本開示は、N−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミド、およびその医薬的に許容される塩に関する。
表1に見られる単位格子パラメータ;
表9から選択される3もしくは4つ以上の2θ値(CuKα λ=1.5418Å);
実質的に表4に記載される部分原子座標、および/または
実質的に図3に従った粉末X線回折パターン
の特徴を有するH1.75−5型(1.75モルの水)を含む、N−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミド、遊離塩基の結晶形である。
表1に見られる単位格子パラメータ;
表9から選択される3もしくは4つ以上の2θ値(CuKα λ=1.5418Å);
実質的に表2に記載される部分原子座標、および/または
実質的に図1に従った粉末X線回折パターン
の特徴を有するH0.5−4型(半水和物)を含む、N−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミド、遊離塩基の結晶形である。
表1に見られる単位格子パラメータ;
表9から選択される3もしくは4つ以上の2θ値(CuKα λ=1.5418Å);
実質的に表5に記載される部分原子座標、および/または
実質的に図4に従った粉末X線回折パターン
の特徴を有するE−1型(モノエタノール溶媒和物)を含む、N−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミド、遊離塩基の結晶形である。
表1に見られる単位格子パラメータ;
表9から選択される3もしくは4つ以上の2θ値(CuKα λ=1.5418Å);
実質的に表6に記載される部分原子座標、および/または
実質的に図5に従った粉末X線回折パターン
の特徴を有するHAC−1型(モノ酢酸溶媒和物)を含む、N−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミド、遊離塩基の結晶形である。
表1に見られる単位格子パラメータ;
表9から選択される3もしくは4つ以上の2θ値(CuKα λ=1.5418Å);および/または
実質的に表7に記載される部分原子座標
の特徴を有するIPA−1型(モノイソプロパノール溶媒和物)を含む、N−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミド、遊離塩基の結晶形パターンである。
表1に見られる単位格子パラメータ;
表9から選択される3もしくは4つ以上の2θ値(CuKα λ=1.5418Å);
実質的に表8に記載される部分原子座標、および/または
実質的に図6に従った粉末X線回折パターン
の特徴を有するRPG−3型(モノ−R−プロピレングリコール溶媒和物)を含む、N−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミド、遊離塩基の結晶形である。
本開示はまた、式I:
RaおよびRbは独立して、C1-6アルコキシであり;または
RaおよびRbは、それらに結合する炭素と共に、カルボニル、チオカルボニル、環状アセタールまたは環状チオアセタールを形成し、その中で、環状アセタールまたは環状チオアセタールは、−O−Z−O−および−S−Z−S−から選択され、Zは、−(CT1T2)2、−(CT1T2)3、または
R1、R2およびR3は独立して、水素またはアミン保護基であり;
R4は、低級C1-6アルキルまたは適宜置換されたベンジルであり;
Yは、ハロゲン、SMe、S(Me)+R12、またはOSO2R13であり;
Vは、OH、ハロゲンまたはOSO2R13であり;
R12は、水素、C1-6アルキル、−(CH2)C(O)OC1-6アルキル、または−(CH2)C(O)OC1-6アルキルであり;並びに
各R13はC1-6アルキルである]
であって、構造IIIのアミノ酸誘導体またはその塩を、式IIのシクロヘキサノンまたはその塩とカップリングさせて(WO2005021500における製造を参照)、置換アミド側鎖を有する構造IVの化合物またはその塩を得ることを特徴とする方法が提供される。
RaおよびRbは、それらに結合する炭素原子と共にカルボニルまたは1,3−ジオキソラン基(特に1,3−ジオキソラン基)を形成し;
R1は、水素であり;
R2は、Cbzであり;
R3は、水素であり;
R4は、C1-6アルキルであり;
Yは、S(Me)であり;並びに
Vは、OHである。
Zは、−(CT1T2)2−、−(CT1T2)3−、または
T1、T2およびT3は各々独立して、水素、C1-4アルキル、C2-4アルケニル、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、シアノ、ニトロ、CF3、OC1-4アルキル、OCF3、およびC(=O)C1-4アルキルから選択される(好ましくはT1、T2およびT3は、各々水素である)]
であって、酸触媒の存在下で、式VIaの化合物であるHO−Z−OHを式IVの化合物と反応させて(適宜、インサイチュー(in situ)で)、式VIIの化合物を得ることを特徴とする方法が提供される。好ましくは、式VIaの化合物はエチレングリコールであり、酸触媒はp−トルエンスルホン酸、またはその水和物である。
a) 式VIIの実質的に無水の溶液を塩基(該塩基は、例えば、これらに限らないが、アルキルアミン、特に三級アミン、好ましくはトリエチルアミンである)と混合し;
b) 約−10℃〜約0℃の温度で、ハロギ酸エステル(例えば、クロロギ酸、好ましくはi−BuO2CCl)を該溶液に加えて、式VIIの酸の混合無水物を形成し;
c) 約−10℃〜約0℃の温度で、相間移動触媒(好ましくはテトラアルキルアンモニウム塩、例えば約5mol%での臭化テトラブチルアンモニウム)の存在下、該混合無水物をアジド試薬(好ましくはNaN3)で処理して、式VIIa:
d) 式VIIaのアシルアジドの実質的に無水の溶液を加熱して、対応の式VIIIのイソシアネートを形成する段階
を含むことを特徴とする、クルチウス転位によって行われる方法が提供される。好ましくは、アシルアジドの実質的に無水の溶液を、モレキュラ・シーブスで乾燥する。
[式中、
R10はC1-6アルキル(R10は、好ましくはメチルである)であり、および
Wは、OHまたはOC1-6アルキルである]
のアミドを形成することを特徴とする方法が提供される。
a) ルイス酸(好ましくはチタン試薬、例えば、これに限らないが、TiCl2(O−イソプロピル)2)を、非プロトン溶媒中で化合物Xおよび式HNR8R9を有するアミンの溶液に加えて、式XA:
b) 式Xaのイミン−エナミンを還元剤(好ましくはボランジメチルスルフィド)で処理して、ピロリドニルアミン部分を有する式XIの化合物を得る段階
を含むことを特徴とする方法が提供される。先の段階において、非プロトン溶媒は、例えば、これらに限らないが、ジクロロメタン、アセトニトリル、DMSO、DMF、およびN−メチルピロリジノン(好ましくはジクロロメタン)であってもよい。
HETは、少なくとも一つの環内にN、OまたはSから選択される1〜4個のヘテロ原子(好ましくは1〜3個のヘテロ原子、特に1〜2個の窒素原子)を有する3〜14員ヘテロアリール環であり(HETは、好ましくは6−置換キナゾリン−4−イル、より好ましくは6−トリフルオロメチル−キナゾリン−4−イルである);並びに
LGは、ハロゲンまたはOSO2R16から選択される脱離基であり、その中で、R16は、フェニル;N、S、もしくはOから選択される一つ以上の原子を有する5〜7員ヘテロアリール;C1-6アルキル;または3〜7員シクロアルキルであり、そのすべては、ハロゲン、CF3およびC1-6アルキルから選択される1〜3個の基で適宜置換されている(好ましくは、LGはハロゲン、特に塩素である)]
の化合物とカップリングさせて、式Iの化合物を得ることを特徴とする、式Iの化合物の製造方法が提供される。
の化合物の製造方法であって、
約−5〜約5℃の温度で、式Vの化合物のエステル部分を加水分解剤で加水分解して、化合物VIの酸を形成し:
の対応の中間体イソシアネートに変換し;
対応の酸無水物(すなわち、(R10CO)2O)の存在下で、式VIIIのイソシアネートを、式R10COWの化合物(例えば酢酸)と接触させて(適宜、インサイチューで)、ケタール部分を有する式IX:
のアミドを形成し;並びに
式IXのアミドのケタール部分を加水分解して、式X:
の化合物を形成する段階を含むことを特徴とする方法が提供される
[上記の式中、
R1およびR2は独立して、水素またはアミン保護基であり;
R4およびR10は独立して、C1-6アルキルまたは適宜置換されたベンジルであり;
R8およびR9は独立して、水素またはC1-6アルキルであり;
Wは、OHまたはOC1-6アルキルであり;
Zは、−(CT1T2)2−、−(CT1T2)3−、または
T1、T2およびT3は各々独立して、水素、C1-4アルキル、C2-4アルケニル、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、シアノ、ニトロ、CF3、OC1-4アルキル、OCF3、およびC(=O)C1-4アルキルから選択される]。
式VIIの化合物は、(7R,8S)−8−((3S)−3−(((ベンジルオキシ)カルボニル)アミノ)−2−オキソ−1−ピロリジニル)−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカン−7−カルボン酸、またはその塩であり;
式VIIaの化合物は、((3S)−1−((7R,8S)−7−(アジドカルボニル)−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカ−8−イル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩であり;
式VIIIの化合物は、((3S)−1−((7R,8S)−7−イソシアナト−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカ−8−イル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩であり;
式IXの化合物は、((3S)−1−((7R,8S)−7−アセトアミド−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカ−8−イル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩であり;
式Xの化合物は、((3S)−1−((1S,2R)−2−アセトアミド−4−オキソシクロヘキシル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩であり;並びに
式XIの化合物は、((3S)−1−((1S,2R,4R)−2−アセトアミド−4−(tert−ブチルアミノ)シクロヘキシル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩である。
式Vの化合物のエステル部分を、加水分解剤(好ましくはアルカリ性水酸化物、特に水酸化ナトリウム)で加水分解して、式VIの化合物を形成し;
酸触媒(好ましくはp−トルエンスルホン酸、またはその水和物)の存在下で、式Vaの化合物であるHO−Z−OHを、式VIの化合物と反応させて(適宜、インサイチューで)、カルボン酸部分を有する式VIIの化合物を得て;
式VIIのケタールのカルボン酸部分を変換して、式VIIIの対応の中間体イソシアネートを形成し;
対応の酸無水物である(R10CO)2O(好ましくは無水酢酸)の存在下で、式VIIIのイソシアネートを、式R10COWの化合物(好ましくは酢酸)と接触させて(適宜、インサイチューで)、ケタール部分を有する式IXのアミドを形成し;
式IXのアミドのケタール部分を加水分解して、式Xの化合物を形成し;並びに
ルイス酸(好ましくはチタン試薬、例えばTiCl2(O−イソプロピル)2)の存在下で、式Xの化合物を、式HNR8R9のアミン(好ましくはtert−ブチルアミン)で還元的にアミノ化して、ピロリドニルアミン部分を有する式XIの化合物を形成し;
式XIのピロリジニルアミンを脱保護して、式XIIの化合物を形成し;並びに
式XIIの化合物を、式:
R1およびR2は独立して、水素またはアミン保護基であり;
R4およびR10は独立して、C1-6アルキルまたは適宜置換されたベンジルであり;
R8およびR9は独立して、水素またはC1-6アルキルであり;
Wは、OHまたはOC1-6アルキルであり;
Zは、−(CT1T2)2−、−(CT1T2)3−、または
T1、T2およびT3は各々独立して、水素、C1-4アルキル、C2-4アルケニル、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、シアノ、ニトロ、CF3、OC1-4アルキル、OCF3、およびC(=O)C1-4アルキルから選択され(好ましくは、Zは−(CH2)2−である);
HETは、少なくとも一つの環内にN、OまたはSから選択される1〜4個のヘテロ原子(好ましくは1〜3個のヘテロ原子、特に1〜2個の窒素原子)を有する3〜14員ヘテロアリール環であり(HETは、好ましくは6−置換キナゾリン−4−イル、より好ましくは6−トリフルオロメチル−キナゾリン−4−イルである);並びに
LGは、ハロゲンまたはOSO2R16から選択される脱離基であり、その中で、R16は、フェニル;N、S、もしくはOから選択される一つ以上の原子を有する5〜7員ヘテロアリール;C1-6アルキル;または3〜7員シクロアルキルであり、そのすべては、ハロゲン、CF3およびC1-6アルキルから選択される1〜3個の基で適宜置換されている(好ましくは、LGはハロゲン、特に塩素である)]。
[式中、
R1およびR2は独立して、水素、並びにBOC、Cbz、およびベンジルから選択されるアミン保護基から選択され(好ましくは、R1は水素であり、R2はCbzである);
Zは、−(CT1T2)2−、−(CT1T2)3−、または
T1、T2およびT3は各々独立して、水素、C1-4アルキル、C2-4アルケニル、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、シアノ、ニトロ、CF3、OC1-4アルキル、OCF3、およびC(=O)C1-4アルキルから選択され(好ましくは、Zは−(CH2)2−である)]
の化合物、またはその塩が提供される。式VIの好ましい化合物は、(1R,2S)−2−((S)−3−(ベンジルオキシカルボニルアミノ)−2−オキソピロリジン−1−イル)−5−オキソシクロヘキサンカルボン酸、またはその塩である。
[式中、
R1およびR2は独立して、水素、並びにBOC、Cbz、およびベンジルから選択されるアミン保護基から選択され(好ましくは、R1は水素であり、R2はCbzである);
Zは、−(CT1T2)2−、−(CT1T2)3−、または
T1、T2およびT3は各々独立して、水素、C1-4アルキル、C2-4アルケニル、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、シアノ、ニトロ、CF3、OC1-4アルキル、OCF3、およびC(=O)C1-4アルキルから選択され(好ましくは、Zは−(CH2)2−である)]
の新規化合物、またはその塩が提供される。式VIIの好ましい化合物は、(7R,8S)−8−((3S)−3−(((ベンジルオキシ)カルボニル)アミノ)−2−オキソ−1−ピロリジニル)−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカン−7−カルボン酸である。
[式中、
R1およびR2は独立して、水素、並びにBOC、Cbz、およびベンジルから選択されるアミン保護基から選択され(好ましくは、R1は水素であり、R2はCbzである);
Zは、−(CT1T2)2−、−(CT1T2)3−、または
T1、T2およびT3は各々独立して、水素、C1-4アルキル、C2-4アルケニル、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、シアノ、ニトロ、CF3、OC1-4アルキル、OCF3、およびC(=O)C1-4アルキルから選択され(好ましくは、Zは−(CH2)2−である)]
の新規化合物、またはその塩が提供される。式VIIaの好ましい化合物は、((3S)−1−((7R,8S)−7−(アジドカルボニル)−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカ−8−イル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジルである。
R1およびR2は独立して、水素、並びにBOC、Cbz、およびベンジルから選択されるアミン保護基から選択され(好ましくは、R1は水素であり、R2はCbzである);
Zは、−(CT1T2)2−、−(CT1T2)3−、または
T1、T2およびT3は各々独立して、水素、C1-4アルキル、C2-4アルケニル、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、シアノ、ニトロ、CF3、OC1-4アルキル、OCF3、およびC(=O)C1-4アルキルから選択され(好ましくは、Zは−(CH2)2−である)]
の化合物、またはその塩が提供される。式VIIIの好ましい化合物は、((3S)−1−((7R,8S)−7−イソシアナト−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカ−8−イル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジルである。
[式中、
R1およびR2は独立して、水素、並びにBOC、Cbz、およびベンジルから選択されるアミン保護基から選択され(好ましくは、R1は水素であり、R2はCbzである);
Zは、−(CT1T2)2−、−(CT1T2)3−、または
T1、T2およびT3は各々独立して、水素、C1-4アルキル、C2-4アルケニル、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、シアノ、ニトロ、CF3、OC1-4アルキル、OCF3、およびC(=O)C1-4アルキルから選択され(好ましくは、Zは−(CH2)2−である);並びに
R10はC1-6アルキル(好ましくはメチル)である]
の化合物、またはその塩が提供される。式IXの好ましい化合物は、((3S)−1−((7R,8S)−7−アセトアミド−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカ−8−イル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジルである。
[式中、
R1およびR2は独立して、水素であるか、またはBOC、Cbz、およびベンジルから選択されるアミン保護基であり;並びに
R10は、C1-6アルキルである]
の化合物、またはその塩が提供される。好ましくは、R1は水素であり、R2はCbzであり、R10はメチルである。式Xの好ましい化合物は、((3S)−1−((1S,2R)−2−アセトアミド−4−オキソシクロヘキシル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジルである。
R1およびR2は独立して、水素であるか、またはBOC、Cbz、およびベンジルから選択されるアミン保護基であり;
R8およびR9は独立して、水素またはC1-6アルキルであり;並びに
R10は、C1-6アルキルである]
の化合物、またはその塩が提供される。好ましくは、R1は水素であり、R2はCbzであり、R8は水素であり、R9はtert−ブチルであり、およびR10はメチルである。式XIの好ましい化合物は、((3S)−1−((1S,2R,4R)−2−アセトアミド−4−(tert−ブチルアミノ)シクロヘキシル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジルである。
R1は、水素であるか、またはBOC、Cbz、およびベンジルから選択されるアミン保護基であり;
R8およびR9は独立して、水素またはC1-6アルキルであり;並びに
R10は、C1-6アルキルである]
の化合物、またはその塩が提供される。好ましくは、R1は水素であり、R8は水素であり、R9はtert−ブチルであり、およびR10はメチルである。式XIIの好ましい化合物は、N−((1R,2S,5R)−2−((3S)−3−アミノ−2−オキソ−1−ピロリジニル)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミドである。
(7R,8S)−8−((3S)−3−(((ベンジルオキシ)カルボニル)アミノ)−2−オキソ−1−ピロリジニル)−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカン−7−カルボン酸、またはその塩;
((3S)−1−((7R,8S)−7−(アジドカルボニル)−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカ−8−イル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩;
((3S)−1−((7R,8S)−7−イソシアナト−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカ−8−イル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩;
((3S)−1−((7R,8S)−7−アセトアミド−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカ−8−イル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩;
((3S)−1−((1S,2R)−2−アセトアミド−4−オキソシクロヘキシル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩;並びに
((3S)−1−((1S,2R,4R)−2−アセトアミド−4−(tert−ブチルアミノ)シクロヘキシル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩
から選択される化合物が提供される。
式VIIの化合物が、(7R,8S)−8−((3S)−3−(((ベンジルオキシ)カルボニル)アミノ)−2−オキソ−1−ピロリジニル)−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカン−7−カルボン酸、またはその塩であり;
式VIIaの化合物が、((3S)−1−((7R,8S)−7−(アジドカルボニル)−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカ−8−イル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩であり;
式VIIIの化合物が、((3S)−1−((7R,8S)−7−イソシアナト−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカ−8−イル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩であり;
式IXの化合物が、((3S)−1−((7R,8S)−7−アセトアミド−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカ−8−イル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩であり;
式Xの化合物が、((3S)−1−((1S,2R)−2−アセトアミド−4−オキソシクロヘキシル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩であり;並びに
式XIの化合物が、((3S)−1−((1S,2R,4R)−2−アセトアミド−4−(tert−ブチルアミノ)シクロヘキシル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩である方法が提供される。
以下は、本明細書および添付の特許請求の範囲で使用する用語の定義である。別段に指定しない限りは、本明細書中で基または用語について提供する最初の定義が、個別にまたは別の基の一部として、本明細書および特許請求の範囲の全体にわたって、その基または用語に適用される。
以下の実施例は、本発明の化合物および出発物質の態様を説明するものであり、特許請求の範囲を限定するよう意図されてはいない。
sat.=飽和、HPLC=高速液体クロマトグラフィ、AP=面積百分率、KF=カール・フィッシャー、RT=室温、mmol=ミリモル、HRMS=高分解能質量分析、TBTU=O−ベンゾトリアゾール−2−イル−N,N,N’,N’−テトラメチルウロニウム テトラフルオロホウ酸塩、MTBE=TBME=tert−ブチルメチルエーテル、EDAC=N−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−N’−エチルカルボジイミド塩酸塩、EDC=N−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−N’−エチルカルボジイミド、TEA=トリエチルアミン、DPPA=ジフェニルホスホリルアジド、IPA=イソプロピルアルコール、TFA=トリフルオロ酢酸、DCM=ジクロロメタン、THF=テトラヒドロフラン、DMF=N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、BOP=ヘキサフルオロリン酸(ベンゾトリアゾール−1−イルオキシ)トリス(ジメチルアミノ)ホスホニウム、EtOAc=酢酸エチル、DMSO=ジメチルスルホキシド、℃=摂氏度、eq=当量、g=グラム、mg=ミリグラム、mL(もしくはml)=ミリリットル、h=時間、M=モル濃度(molar)、N=規定、min=分、MHz=メガヘルツ、tlc=薄層クロマトグラフィ、v/v=容積対容積の比、およびca.=約。
N−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミド
必要に応じて、MTBE(容積1)に溶解し、ヘプタン(容積3.3)に加え、生じた沈殿を集めることによって、この物質を固形物として単離してもよい。
図1に示されるように、ホフマン転位の立体化学的な適合度(stereochemical fidelity)を、この化合物のX線結晶構造解析を通して確認した。
1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 7.99 (d, J=9.35 Hz, 1 H), 7.44 (d, J=8.80 Hz, 1 H), 7.28 -7.39 (m, 5 H), 5.03 (s, 2 H), 4.50 (s, 1 H), 4.31 (d, J=12.10 Hz, 1 H), 4.18 (q, J=8.98 Hz, 1 H), 3.27 (m, 2 H), 2.82 (dd, J=15.12, 5.22 Hz, 1 H), 2.52 - 2.65 (m, 1 H), 2.40 (dd, J=12.92, 4.67 Hz, 1 H), 2.15 - 2.31 (m, 2 H), 2.09 (d, J=15.40 Hz, 1 H), 1.90 (m, 1 H), 1.81 (s, 3 H), 1.68 (m, 1 H). m/z: 388.46 [M+H].
1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 8.76 (s, 1H), 7.27 - 7.46 (m, 6 H), 5.03 (m, 2 H), 4.14 (m, 1 H), 4.07 (q, J=8.80 Hz, 1 H), 3.83(m, 1H), 3.36 (m, 2H), 2.91 (s, 1H), 2.18 (m, 1H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.41 - 1.74 (m, 7H), 1.04 (s, 9H). m/z: 445.54 [M+H].
1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 9.71 (1 H, br. s.), 9.02 (1 H, s), 8.71 (1 H, d, J=7.97 Hz), 8.59 (1 H, s), 8.04 (1 H, dd, J=8.66, 1.79 Hz), 7.88 (1 H, d, J=8.52 Hz), 4.91 - 5.13 (1 H, m), 4.30 - 4.57 (1 H, m), 3.86 (1 H, dt, J=11.89, 3.71, 3.64 Hz), 3.43 - 3.57 (1 H, m), 3.35 - 3.45 (1 H, m), 3.04 (1 H, t, J=3.85 Hz), 2.23 - 2.40 (1 H, m), 2.05 - 2.22 (1 H, m), 1.90 - 1.98 (1 H, m), 1.86 - 1.93 (3 H, m), 1.50 - 1.78 (5 H, m), 0.98 - 1.15 (9 H, m). 13C-NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 171.23, 169.35, 159.54, 156.87, 151.17, 128.97, 128.20, 125.76 (1 C, q, J=30.52 Hz), 121.55 (1 C, br. s.), 124.04 (1 C, q, J=272.11 Hz), 114.31, 53.26, 52.39, 50.81, 47.56, 45.70, 42.77, 34.52, 32.17, 29.14 (3 C, s), 26.49, 23.29, 20.30. 19F-NMR (471 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm -60.34 (s). m/z: 507.0 [M+H]. 元素分析 C25H33N6O2F3についての計算値: C, 59.27; H, 6.56; N, 16.59; F, 11.25 実測値: C, 59.44; H, 6.64; N, 16.74; F, 10.99.
実施例1、別の製造、段階1:乾燥器で乾燥させた三つ口丸底フラスコは、乾燥した攪拌子、乾燥した還流冷却器、および2つの隔壁を備えていた。N2下で冷却した後、フラスコに、(1R,2S,5R)−2−((S)−3−(ベンジルオキシカルボニルアミノ)−2−オキソピロリジン−1−イル)−5−(tert−ブトキシカルボニルアミノ)シクロヘキサンカルボン酸(60g、126mmol;実施例1、段階4を参照)、アセトニトリル(800mL)、N−メチルモルホリン(27.7mL、252mmol)、およびジフェニルホスホリルアジド(29.9mL、139mmol)を連続して入れた。反応液を室温で1時間40分攪拌し、その時に、2−トリメチルシリルエタノール(90mL、631mmol)を加えた。反応液を加熱し始め、30分後に還流に達した。それを1時間還流し、その時に、外側を冷却しながらそれを徐々に50℃に冷却し、次いで15℃に冷却した。反応液を酢酸(1.734mL、30.3mmol)の添加でクエンチした。反応液を減圧濃縮し、次いでEtOAc(1.2L)に溶解した。それを水(1×0.3L)、飽和NaHCO3(2×0.3L)、1N HCl(1×0.3L)、および食塩水(2×0.3L)で連続して洗浄した。有機相を乾燥し(Na2SO4)、濾過し、減圧濃縮した。濃縮工程において、とても早い段階で固形物が現れた。揮発物を除去した後、800mLの10% EtOAc/ヘキサンを加え、混合物を終夜攪拌した。固形物を集め、乾燥して、(1R,3R,4S)−4−((S)−3−ベンジルオキシカルボニルアミノ−2−オキソピロリジン−1−イル)−3−((2−トリメチルシリル)エトキシカルボニルアミノ)シクロヘキシルカルバミン酸tert−ブチル(60.5g、102mmol、収率81%)を得た。HPLCによって、2つの12%の不純物とともに、該物質が純度72%であることが分かった。この物質をさらに精製することなく次の段階に用いた。その後、濾液を濃縮して、別の生成物(4.38g)を得た。全収率=64.9g(87%)。
LC/MS 実測値 [M + H]+ = 530.
LC/MS 実測値 [M + H]+ = 507.
LC/MS 実測値 [M + H]+ = 547.
LC/MS 実測値 [M + H]+ = 403.
LC/MS 実測値 [M + H]+ = 445.
LC/MS 実測値 [M + H]+ = 311.
LC/MS 実測値 [M + H]+ = 507.
1H-NMR: (300MHz, CDCl3) 8.14-7.89 (brs, 3H), 7.75 (d, J 9.0Hz, 2H), 7.15 (d, J 8.0Hz, 2H), 4.22-4.04 (m, 2H), 4.01-3.77 (m, 4H), 3.55-3.43 (m, 1H,), 3.20-3.13 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.27 (m, 4H), 2.21-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.51 (m, 3H), 1.23 (t, J 7.0Hz, 3H);
HPLC:Waters Xterra MS C18 4.6mm×150mm i.d.、粒径3.5μm、0.05%NH4OH(5%ACN、95%H2O、溶媒A)〜0.05%NH4OH(95%ACN、5%H2O、溶媒B)、10分で5%B〜20%B、25分で95%Bに変え、次いで1分で5%Bに変える;11.1分(アミノエステル1)。
N−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミドの結晶形
N−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミド,遊離塩基の様々な結晶形を製造し、下記のように評価した。
単結晶データ
データは、Bruker−Nonius(BRUKER AXS, Inc.、5465 East Cheryl Parkway、ウィスコンシン州Madison、53711、米国)のCAD4シリアル回折計で収集した。単位胞のパラメータは、25個の高角度の反射の実験回折計設定の最小二乗分析によって得た。強度は、Cu Kα照射(λ=1.5418Å)を使用して、一定温度でθ〜2θの可変走査技術を用いて測定し、ローレンツ偏光因子についてのみ補正した。バックグラウンド計数は、走査の時間の半分で、走査の極端で収集した。あるいは、単一結晶データを、Bruker−Nonius κCCD2000システムで、Cu Kα照射(λ=1.5418Å)を用いて収集した。測定した強度データの指数化および処理は、Collectプログラムスイート中のHKL2000ソフトウェアパッケージを用いて実施した(Otwinowski, Z. およびMinor, W. (1997)、巨大分子の結晶構造解析(Macromolecular Crystallography)、Eds. Carter, W. C. JrおよびSweet, R. M. (Academic、ニューヨーク)、第276巻、ページ307〜326)。(Collect Dataの収集および処理のユーザインターフェース:Collect:Data収集ソフトウェア、R. Hooft、Nonius B. V.、1998。)あるいは、単一結晶データは、Bruker−AXS APEX2 CCDシステムで、Cu Kα照射(λ=1.5418Å)を用いて収集した。測定した強度データの指数化および処理は、APEX2ソフトウェアパッケージ/プログラムスイートを用いて実施した(APEX2 Dataの収集および処理のユーザインターフェース:APEX2ユーザマニュアル、バージョン1.27;BRUKER AXS, Inc.、5465 East Cheryl Parkway、ウィスコンシン州Madison、53711、米国)。
PXRDデータはBruker C2 GADDSを用いて得た。照射はCu Kα(40KV、50mA)であった。試料と検出器の距離は15cmであった。粉末試料を直径1mm以下の密閉したガラス毛細管に入れた;毛細管はデータ収集中に回転させた。データを3≦2θ≦35°で、少なくとも2000秒間の試料曝露時間で収集した。生じた二次元の回折弧を積分して、3〜35°2θの範囲の範囲で0.02°2θのステップサイズを用いて、伝統的な一次元PXRDパターンを作成した。
DSC実験は、TA Instruments(商標)モデルQ1000または2920で行った。試料(約2〜6mg)をアルミニウムパン内で秤量し、100分の1ミリグラムまで正確に記録し、DSCに移した。装置に窒素ガスを50mL/分でパージした。データは、室温〜300℃で、10℃/分の加熱速度で収集した。プロットは、吸熱ピークが下を向くように行った。
TGA実験は、TA Instruments(商標)モデルQ500または2950で行った。試料(約10〜30mg)を事前に風袋測定した白金パンに入れた。試料の重量を正確に測定し、装置によって1000分の1ミリグラムまで記録した。炉に窒素ガスを100mL/分でパージした。データは、室温〜300℃で、10℃/分の加熱速度で収集した。
これらの実施例の単位胞のデータおよび他の特性を表1に表す。単位胞のパラメータは、単一結晶X線結晶学的分析から得た。単位胞の詳細な説明は、StoutおよびJensen、X線構造決定:実用ガイド(X-Ray Structure Determination: a Practical Guide)、(MacMillian、1968)の第3章に見つかる。
実施例2a、H0.5−4形:150mgのN−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミドの遊離塩基を温かい、水で飽和した酢酸n−ブチルに溶かした。濁りが持続的に観察されるまでヘプタンを加えた。スラリーを室温まで冷ました。H0.5−4形は、1モルのN−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミドの遊離塩基あたり、0.5モルの水によって特徴づけられている。H0.5−4形は、典型的には約室温〜約67℃の範囲の幅広い吸熱の開始を有するDSC温度記録によって特徴づけられており、これはTGA曲線と一致していた;より高い温度では、他の事象も続いて起こり得る。H0.5−4形は、約100℃までで典型的には0.6%〜約1.4%の重量損失を有するTGA熱曲線によって特徴づけられていた。H0.5−4形の理論上の重量損失は1.7%であるが、不安定な水和物が乾燥した際に部分的に脱水されることは、珍しいことではない。
単位格子パラメータ
単位格子パラメータ
T=結晶学的データについての摂氏温度(RTは、約+22℃の室温である)
V=単位格子の体積
Z’=非対称ユニットあたりの薬物分子の数
Vm=V(単位格子)/(格子あたりのZ薬物分子)
sg=空間群
dcalc=計算された結晶密度
表2
実施例2a,H0.5−4型についての原子座標
実施例2b,N−2型の塩基についての原子座標
実施例2c,H1.75−5型の塩基についての原子座標
実施例2e,E−1型の塩基についての原子座標
実施例2d,HAC−1型の塩基についての原子座標
実施例2g,IPA−1型の塩基についての原子座標
実施例2f,RPG−3型の塩基についての原子座標
実施例2a、b、d、c、d、e、f、およびgについての、室温での特徴的な粉末X線回折ピーク位置(2θ±0.1度)は、回転キャピラリー(spinning capillary)を有する回折計(CuKα)で収集した質の高いパターンに基づいており、2θはNIST 他の適当な基準で較正する。
実施例1および国際公開公報WO2005021500号(米国特許第7,163,937号に対応、本出願に与えられている)中に見つかる化合物の薬理学的特徴を比較するアッセイおよびデータを以下に表す。
たとえば、Yoshimura, et al.、J. Immunol.、1990、145、292を参照されたい。ヒトCCR2結合アッセイを、125I−ヒトMCP−1をトレーサーリガンドとして用いて、ヒト末梢血単核細胞(hPBMC)を用いて確立させた。hPBMCを、ヒトleukopak(Biological Specialty Inc.)から、フィコール−Hypaque(Mediatech Cellgro)を用いて、標準のプロトコルを使用して単離した。単離したhPBMCを洗浄し、結合バッファー(RPMI−1640、0.1%BSA、20mMのHepes、pH7.4)中で1×107個/mlまで希釈した。125I−MCP−1(NEN/Perk Elmer)を結合バッファー中で0.45nMまで希釈した。化合物を結合バッファー中で、結合アッセイで使用する最終濃度の3倍で希釈した。結合アッセイは、96ウェルフィルタープレート(Millipore)を用いて行った。全125I−MCP−1結合は以下のように評価した:150μlの全容量のそれぞれの反応に、5×105個の細胞、0.15nMの125I−MCP−1、および最終濃度の範囲が0〜100nMとなる化合物を加えた。プレートを室温で30分間インキュベーションし、次いで、真空多岐管濾過(Millipore)を用いてRPMI−1640、0.1%のBSA、0.4MのNaCl、20mMのHepes、pH7.4で3回洗浄した。洗浄後、プレートを60分間室温で空気乾燥させた。次いで、25μlのMicroscint 20をそれぞれのウェルに加えた。プレートを密閉し、Triluxで1分間計数した。非特異的結合は、300nMの冷MCP−1(PeproTech Inc.)の存在下で決定した。特異的125I−MCP−1は、全結合と非特異的結合との差として計算した。すべての条件を2つ組で試験した。IC50とは、特異的結合を50%低下させるために必要な競合化合物の濃度と定義される。
hERGチャネルを安定して発現しているHEK293細胞を、10%のSigmaウシ胎児血清、非必須アミノ酸、2mMのL−グルタミンおよび500μg/mlのG418を添加したダルベッコ変法イーグル培地中、インキュベーターで増殖させた(37℃、5%のCO2)。細胞解離バッファーを用いて細胞をフラスコから抽出し、その後、これを、384ウェルのCorningポリ−D−リシンでコーティングした黒色/透明プレートに、10%の血清培地中に2×104個の細胞/ウェルの密度(20μl)で播種し、15〜24時間、37℃、5%のCO2インキュベーター内で、コンフルエントな細胞の単層が得られるまでインキュベーションした。
W. A. Catterall, et al.、J. Biol. Chem.、1981、256、8922も参照されたい。標準の結合バッファーは、50mMのHEPES、50mMのトリス−HCl、pH7.4、130mMの塩化コリン、5.4mMのKCl、0.8mMのMgCl2、5.5mMのグルコース、40μg/mLのLqTを含んでいた。結合反応は、シナプトソーム(ウィスターラットの脳から調製)を、標準の結合バッファー中に5nMの[3H]−バトラコトキシンおよび望ましい濃度の試験する化合物を含む反応混合物に加えることによって、開始させた。その後、試料を混合し、37℃で60分間インキュベーションした。50mMのHEPES、50mMのトリス−HCl、pH7.4、1.8mMのCaCl2、0.8mMのMgCl2および1mg/mLのウシ血清アルブミンを含む氷冷洗浄バッファーを加えることによって反応を停止させた。シナプトソームをすぐにガラスファイバーフィルター上に回収し、洗浄バッファーで3回洗浄した。液体シンチレーション分光計を用いて、フィルター上に残った[3H]−バトラコトキシンの放射活性を計数した。
平行人工膜透過性アッセイ(PAMPA)は、胃腸管(GIT)脂質と呼ばれる特別に配合したレシチン系の脂質の組合せからなる。GIT脂質を用いて、Caco−2アッセイで用いるものに類似のサンドイッチプレートアセンブリに膜を形成する。GIT脂質は、ヒトにおいて受動的に吸収されることが知られている標準の化合物によって測定すると、インビボの膜の組成および性能に非常に似ている。PAMPAは、発見化合物の透過性スクリーニングのインビトロモデルとして幅広く使用されている。PAMPA膜を通る化合物の通過速度を用いて、化合物のインビボの受動的透過性と関連させることができる透過性係数(Pc)を決定する。
ヒトCCR2の化学走性アッセイは、ヒト単球細胞系THP−1で実施した。最初に、THP−1細胞を、フェノールレッドを含まないBSAを含まないRPMI−1640(pH7.4)中の蛍光色素カルセイン−AMで、37℃で30分間、15分毎に穏やかに混合しながら標識した。その後、標識した細胞を洗浄し、化学走性バッファー(フェノールレッドを含まないRPMI−1640、0.1%のBSA、pH7.4)中に1×105個/mlで再懸濁させた。最終アッセイ濃度の範囲が0.01nM〜1μMとなるように、試験化合物を化学走性バッファー中で希釈した。リガンドMCP−1(PeproTech Inc.)を化学走性バッファーで20nMまで希釈した。アッセイを行うために、等容量の試験化合物希釈液を等容量の標識したTHP−1細胞と混合し(混合物1)、等容量の試験化合物希釈液を等容量の希釈したMCP−1リガンドと混合した(混合物2)。どちらの混合物も、37℃で10分間、独立してインキュベーションし、次いで穏やかに混合した。その後、50μlの混合物1を上部チャンバに入れ、225μlの混合物2を下部チャンバに入れることによって、MCP−1誘導性化学走性を化学走性プレート(Becton Dickinson)中で測定した。プレートに蓋をし、37℃で30分間インキュベーションした。30分後、プレートをCytofluorで読み取った。すべての条件は2つ組で試験した。シグナル対ノイズの決定には、50μlの標識したTHP−1細胞を単独で上部チャンバに入れ(5×104個/ウェル)、225μlのリガンドMCP−1を単独で下部チャンバに入れた(最終濃度10nM)。段階的な濃度の試験化合物によって達成される阻害を、化合物を含まないMCP−1対照の割合として計算した。IC50とは、細胞の化学走性の50%の阻害に達するために必要な試験化合物の濃度と定義される。
全細胞パッチクランプを用いて、クローニングしたhERGカリウムチャネルαサブユニットを安定して発現しているHEK−293細胞におけるhERG電流を直接測定した。化合物は、pH7.4の水性バッファー中、室温で試験した。反復試験パルス(0.05Hz)を−80mV〜+20mVの保持電位で2秒間適用し、電位を−65mVまでステップさせることによって、試験パルス後にテール電流を誘発した。化合物からの効果は、ピークテール電流の阻害を測定することによって計算した。
全細胞パッチクランプを用いて、ヒト心臓ナトリウムチャネルSCN5Aを発現しているHEK−293細胞における内向ナトリウム電流を直接測定した。化合物は、タンパク質を含まない水性バッファーで試験した。定常状態阻害を決定するために、以下の電位プロトコルを用いてナトリウム電流を5秒毎に誘発した:細胞を−90mVの電位に保持し、−20mVまで60msステップさせた。効果は、−20mVまでの試験パルス中のピーク電流の阻害を測定することによって計算した。速度依存性の阻害は、1Hzおよび4Hzの周波数での刺激によって評価した。
オスのスプラーグ−ドーリーラット(250〜300g)を薬物動態学研究に用いた。PO投薬前にラットを終夜絶食させ、投薬の4時間後に給餌した。血液試料(約0.3mLまで)を頸静脈からK2EDTA含有チューブ内に採取し、その後、4℃で遠心分離して(1500〜2000×g)血漿が得られた。経口生体利用度の研究では、2群の動物(N=2〜3/群)に、頸静脈からの静脈内(IV)インフュージョン(10分間にわたる)として、または経口胃管栄養法によって試験化合物を与えた。一連の血液試料が、投薬の0.17(IVのみ)、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、2、4、6、8、および24時間後に得られた。4℃での遠心分離(1500〜2000×g)によって得られた血漿試料は、LC/MS/MSによって分析するまで−20℃で保管した。
様々な試験化合物の薬物動態学を、オスのカニクイザルにおいてクロスオーバーの設計で評価した。PO投薬前にサルを終夜絶食させ、投薬の4時間後に給餌した。1〜3匹の動物(3〜5kg)の群に、大腿静脈からのIVインフュージョン(10分間にわたる)によって、および経口胃管栄養法によって化合物を与え、処置間に1週間の洗い流しを用いた。一連の血液試料(約0.3mLまで)を、大腿動脈から、投薬の0.17(IVのみ)、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、2、4、6、8、および24時間後に採取し、4℃で遠心分離して(1500〜2000×g)血漿が得られた。試料は、LC/MS/MSによって分析するまで−20℃で保管した。
薬物動態学パラメータは、血漿濃度対時間データの非区画分析によって得た(KINETICA(商標)ソフトウェア、バージョン4.2、InnaPhase Corporation、ペンシルバニア州Philadelphia)。ピーク濃度(Cmax)およびCmaxの時間は、実験観察から直接記録した。時間0から最後のサンプリング時間までの曲線下面積(AUC(0〜T))は、直線およびログ台形総和の組合せを用いて計算した。全血漿クリアランス(CLTp)、定常状態分布容量(Vss)、見かけ上の排出半減期(T1/2)および平均滞留時間(MRT)を、IV投与後に推定した。T1/2の推定は、定量可能な濃度を有する最低3つの時点を用いて行った。絶対経口生体利用度(F)は、経口およびIV投薬後の、用量で正規化したAUC値の比として推定した。
実施例の代表的な化合物は、当業者によって知られているアッセイを用いて、ケモカイン受容体活性のモジュレーターであることが示されている。本セクションでは、そのようなアッセイを記載し、その参考文献を与える。さらなるアッセイは、本明細書中に、上記の題名「薬理学的特徴の比較」のセクションに記載されている。MCP−1拮抗のこれらのアッセイにおいて活性を示すことによって、実施例の化合物は、ケモカインおよびその同族受容体に関連するヒトの疾患の治療に有用であることが期待される。これらのアッセイにおける活性の定義とは、特定のアッセイで測定した場合に30μM以下の濃度のIC50を実証する化合物である。
(Yoshimura et al.、J. Immunol.、1990、145、292)
実施例中に記載する少なくとも1つの化合物が、本明細書中に記載するヒトPBMC(ヒト末梢血単核細胞)に対するMCP−1の結合の拮抗において活性を有する。
(Sullivan, et al.、Methods Mol. Biol.、114、125〜133 (1999)
実施例中に記載する少なくとも1つの化合物が、本明細書中に記載するMCP−1誘導性のカルシウム流入アッセイの拮抗において活性を有する。
(Bacon et al.、Brit. J. Pharmacol.、1988、95、966)
実施例中に記載する少なくとも1つの化合物が、本明細書中に記載のMCP−1誘導性のヒトPBMC化学走性アッセイの拮抗において活性を有する。
細胞誘導体化および細胞培養:内在性CCケモカイン受容体5(CCR5)を安定して発現しているHT1080細胞のプールを、Harrington、Sherf、およびRundlettによって概要が示された方法を用いて開発した(米国特許US6,361,972号およびUS6,410,266号を参照)。最も高発現のクローンを、反復フローサイトメトリー、次いでサブクローニングを用いて単離した。その後、これらの細胞を、6ウェルの皿中、3×105個の細胞/ウェルで培養し、キメラのHAタグ付けしたGタンパク質Gqi5を含むDNAベクターで形質移入した(Molecular Devices;15マイクロLのFermentesのEx−Gen中に5マイクログラムの直鎖状にしたベクターDNAを形質移入に用いた)。形質移入の2日後、ウェルを合わせ、P100プレートに播種した。播種の7日後、コロニーを拾い、拡大させ、ウエスタンブロットによってGqi5含有量について分析した。高発現のGqi5(形質移入から)およびCCR5(内在性)を有するクローン(3559.1.6と呼ぶ)を選択し、以下に記載の実験で用いた。HT1080細胞(クローン3559.1.6)を、10%の透析ウシ胎児血清、2%のペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン/グルタミン、および500マイクログラム/mLのハイグロマイシンB(最終濃度)を添加したα−MEMを用いて、37℃、5%のCO2で、加湿雰囲気中で培養した。
膀胱(加速および転移性膀胱癌を含む)、乳房、結腸(結腸直腸癌を含む)、腎臓、肝臓、肺(小細胞や非小細胞肺癌、および肺腺癌を含む)、卵巣、前立腺、精巣、尿生殖路、リンパ系、直腸、喉頭、膵臓(外分泌膵癌を含む)、食道、胃、胆嚢、子宮頸部、甲状腺、ならびに皮膚(扁平細胞癌を含む)を含めた癌;
白血病、急性リンパ性白血病、急性リンパ芽球性白血病、B細胞リンパ腫、T細胞リンパ腫、ホジキンリンパ腫、非ホジキンリンパ腫、有毛細胞リンパ腫、組織球性リンパ腫、およびバーケットリンパ腫を含めたリンパ系統の造血腫瘍;
急性および慢性の骨髄性白血病、脊髄形成異常症候群、骨髄性白血病、ならびに前骨髄急性白血病を含めた骨髄系統の造血腫瘍;
星細胞腫、神経芽細胞腫、神経膠腫、およびシュワン腫を含めた中枢および末梢神経系の腫瘍;
線維肉腫、横紋筋肉腫、および骨肉腫を含めた間葉起源の腫瘍;
黒色腫、色素性乾皮症、ケラトアカントーマ、精上皮腫、甲状腺濾胞性癌、および奇形癌を含めた他の腫瘍。
アルキル化剤(窒素マスタード、アルキルスルホネート、ニトロソ尿素、エチレンイミン誘導体、およびトリアゼンを含む);抗血管形成(マトリックスメタロプロテイナーゼ阻害剤を含む);代謝拮抗剤(アデノシンデアミナーゼ阻害剤、葉酸拮抗剤、プリン類似体、およびピリミジン類似体を含む);抗生物質または抗体(モノクローナル抗体、CTLA−4抗体、アントラサイクリンを含む);アロマターゼ阻害剤;
細胞周期応答調節剤;酵素;ファルネシル−タンパク質トランスフェラーゼ阻害剤;
ホルモン剤および抗ホルモン剤ならびにステロイド(合成類似体、糖質コルチコイド、エストロゲン/抗エストロゲン[たとえばSERM]、アンドロゲン/抗アンドロゲン、プロゲスチン、プロゲステロン受容体作用剤、および黄体形成ホルモン放出[LHRH]作用剤および拮抗剤を含む);インスリン様成長因子(IGF)/インスリン様成長因子受容体(IGFR)系モジュレーター(IGFR1阻害剤を含む);インテグリン−シグナル伝達阻害剤;キナーゼ阻害剤(SrcキナーゼもしくはSrc/ablの複数キナーゼ阻害剤および/もしくは阻害剤、サイクリン依存性キナーゼ[CDK]阻害剤を含む、panHer、Her−1およびHer−2抗体、抗VEGF抗体を含めたVEGF阻害剤、EGFR阻害剤、マイトジェン活性化タンパク質[MAP]阻害剤、MEK阻害剤、オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤、PDGF阻害剤、ならびに他のチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤またはセリン/スレオニンキナーゼ阻害剤;
エクチナサイジンまたはその類似体および誘導体などの微小管撹乱剤;タキサン、天然に存在するエポチロンならびにその合成および半合成類似体などの微小管安定化剤;
微小管結合の不安定化剤(ビンカアルカロイドを含む);
トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤;プレニル−タンパク質トランスフェラーゼ阻害剤;白金配位複合体;シグナル伝達阻害剤;ならびに生物学的応答調節剤、成長因子、および免疫変調剤などの抗癌剤および細胞毒性剤として使用される他の薬剤。
上記の他の治療剤は、本発明の化合物と組み合わせて用いる場合、たとえば、医師用卓上参考書(Physicians’ Desk Reference、PDR)に示された量または他の方法で当業者によって決定される量で用いることができる。
本開示の化合物は、錠剤、カプセル(これらのそれぞれに持続放出または徐放性配合物が含まれる)、丸薬、散剤、顆粒、エリキシル、チンキ剤、懸濁液、シロップ、および乳剤などの経口剤形で投与することができる。また、これらを静脈内(ボーラスもしくはインフュージョン)、腹腔内、皮下、または筋肉内の形態で投与してもよく、これにはすべて医薬分野の技術者に周知の剤形を用いる。これらは単独で投与することができるが、一般に、選択した投与経路および標準の医薬の実施に基づいて選択される医薬担体と共に投与する。
標準のツーピース硬ゼラチンカプセルに、それぞれ100ミリグラムの粉末活性成分、150ミリグラムのラクトース、50ミリグラムのセルロース、および6ミリグラムのステアリン酸マグネシウムを満たすことによって、多数の単位カプセルを調製することができる。
ダイズ油、綿実油またはオリーブ油などの消化可能な油中の活性成分の混合物を調製し、容積式ポンプによってゼラチン内に注入して、100ミリグラムの活性成分を含む軟ゼラチンカプセルを形成し得る。カプセルを洗浄し、乾燥させるべきである。
錠剤は、単位用量が100ミリグラムの活性成分、0.2ミリグラムのコロイド状二酸化ケイ素、5ミリグラムのステアリン酸マグネシウム、275ミリグラムの結晶セルロース、11ミリグラムのデンプンおよび98.8ミリグラムのラクトースであるように、慣用の手順によって調製し得る。嗜好性を増加させるまたは吸収を遅延させるために、適切なコーティングを塗布し得る。
1.5重量%の活性成分を10容量%のプロピレングリコールおよび水中で撹拌することによって、注射による投与に適した非経口組成物を調製し得る。液剤は、塩化ナトリウムで等張にし、滅菌するべきである。
それぞれの5mLが100mgの微粉活性成分、200mgのカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、5mgの安息香酸ナトリウム、1.0gのソルビトール溶液、U.S.P.、および0.025mLのバニリンを含むように、経口投与のための水性懸濁液を調製することができる。
N−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミド(「実施例1」とも呼ぶ)を、以下に記載する以下のインビボアッセイで評価した。
MCP−1の皮内注射は、注射部位への単核細胞の浸潤をもたらす。このモデルは、ヒトMCP−1を注射した皮膚組織への単核細胞の浸潤に対するCCR2拮抗剤の阻害効果を評価するために、最初に開発された。細胞浸潤は、組織学的スコア付けによって半定量的に測定することができる。
それぞれのサルに、実施例1またはそのビヒクル対照(0.05NのHCl)を、1日1回、3日間投薬した。実施例1を、0、5、10、または20mg/kgの用量で、4匹のカニクイザルの群(1群あたり各性別2匹)に経口投与した。3日目の投薬直後に、すべての動物に、2回の皮内注射の10μg(50μL/注射)のヒトMCP−1(R&D Systems)および2回の皮内注射のそのDPBS対照(50μl/注射)を、背側胸部の別々の部位に与えた。MCP−1(またはDPBS)誘発の約18時間後に、すべての部位の皮膚生検を得た。生検を、半定量的な組織学的評価用に処理した。皮膚試料から選択した代表的なものを光学顕微鏡観察によって検査し;微視的な病変および細胞浸潤を記述し、その発生率を表にした。
MCP−1誘発に応答した、ビヒクルで処置した対照動物の皮膚への単核細胞の動員は、有意であった(平均組織学的スコア2.0、1〜3の範囲、表10)。5、10、および20mg/kgの実施例1は、この皮膚単核細胞浸潤をそれぞれ75%、95%および95%阻害した(表10および図20)。この化合物は、好酸球および好中球などの他の細胞種の浸潤も遮断した(表12)。18時間での実施例1の血漿濃度ならびに阻害のレベルおよびカニクイザル(Cyno)化学走性IC90値とのその関係性を、表12に要約する。カニクイザル化学走性アッセイにおける実施例1の7.1±2.7nMのIC50値に基づいて、5、10および20mg/kgの用量は、投薬後18時間の化学走性IC90の0.8、2.1、および4.3倍の遊離血漿濃度をもたらした(表12)。
b平均値は、8個のMCP−1部位生検の平均であり、1群あたり4匹のサルからの2個の個別の生検を表す。範囲は、1匹の動物あたり2個の生検の平均組織学的スコアの値幅を表す。
cPMNは多形核細胞(好中球)の略である。
dEosは好酸球の略記である。
e全スコアは、用量応答を実証するための、それぞれの細胞種の平均値の数学的和である。
TG誘発腹膜炎モデルは、単球/マクロファージの炎症部位への動員のモデルとして使用されている。研究室内の研究および公開された研究の両方によって、このモデルにおける単球/マクロファージ動員がCCR2依存性であることが実証されている。Boring L. et al.、C-Cケモカイン受容体2ノックアウトマウスにおける障害性単球遊走および1型(Th1)サイトカイン応答の低下(Impaired monocyte migration and reduced type 1 (Th1) cytokine responses in C-C chemokine receptor 2 knockout mice). J Clin Invest.、100 (10): 2552〜61. (1997);およびKuziel, W. A. et al.、CCケモカイン受容体2を欠くマウスにおける白血球接着および単球血管外遊走の激しい減少(Severe reduction in leukocyte adhesion and monocyte extravasation in mice deficient in CC chemokine receptor 2). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.、94 (22): 12053〜8 (1997)を参照されたい。
48時間のTG腹膜炎研究には、実施例1を1日2回投薬し、最初の投薬をTG注射の1時間前に行った。全腹膜細胞計数は、単離した細胞で細胞計数器によって得た。血液も、それぞれの研究の最後に眼窩後洞から、フローサイトメトリー用にはヘパリン中に、薬物濃度の決定にはEDTA中に採取した。
単球/マクロファージ浸潤の阻害におけるそのEC50を決定するために、実施例1をhCCR2 KIマウスTG腹膜炎モデルで評価した。マウスにチオグリコレートを投与し、実施例1を1、25、または100mg/kg、1日2回で経口投薬した。TG処置の48時間後、フローサイトメトリーによる細胞浸潤の分析のために腹膜洗浄液を得た。
最後に、遊離CCR2の量は以下から決定する:
[CCR2]全=[CCR2]遊離+[マウスMCP−1/CCR2]+[実施例1/CCR2]
実験的自己免疫脳脊髄炎(EAE)
方法
疾患の慢性モデルに対する実施例1の効果を評価するために、本発明者らは、hCCR2 KIマウスの多発性硬化症のEAEモデルを用いた。EAEモデルに対する実施例1の効果を研究するために、1群あたり10匹のマウスを用いた。0日目に、hCCR2 KIマウスを、合計200μlの、不完全フロイントアジュバント(IFA)(Sigma−Aldrich)中の300μgのミエリンオリゴデンドロサイト糖タンパク質(MOG)35−55(Genemed Synthesis)と1:1で混合した300μgのヒト結核菌(H37Ra)(Becton−Dickinson)を用いて、皮下で免疫化した。0日目(免疫化の2時間後)および2日目に、マウスに100μlの400ngの百日咳毒素を腹腔内注射した。臨床スコア付けは10日目に開始し、研究全体にわたって週に3回続け、0〜5のスケールに基づいていた:0、疾患の徴候なし;0.5、部分的な尾部の衰弱;1、弱々しい尾部または尾部の弾力のある動揺性歩行;1.5、部分的な尾部の衰弱を伴った動揺性歩行;2、弱々しい尾部を伴った動揺性歩行(運動失調);2.5(肢部麻痺を伴った運動失調;3、1つの肢部の完全麻痺;3.5、2つ目の肢部の部分麻痺を伴った1つの肢部の完全麻痺;4、2つの肢部の完全麻痺;4.5、瀕死;5、死亡。25mg/kgおよび55mg/kg(1日2回)の実施例1の経口投薬を1日目に開始した。
どちらの用量の実施例1も、臨床スコアの曲線下面積(AUC)を49%低下させた(p<0.05)(図22)。IC50は、実施例1で、hCCR2と結合する125I−マウスMCP−1を発現する細胞、hPBMC(hCCR2 KIの設定を模倣)において3.7nMである。このIC50値に基づいて、25および55mg/kgの用量は、結合IC90の1倍および3倍の遊離血漿トラフ濃度をもたらした。22日目の脊髄の組織学的評価では、実施例1で処置したマウスとビヒクルとの間に、有意な全炎症細胞浸潤の差異が実証されなかった。顕著な好中球浸潤が、化合物で処置したマウスで観察された。
Claims (14)
- N−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミドである化合物、またはその医薬的に許容される塩。
- N−((1R,2S,5R)−5−(tert−ブチルアミノ)−2−((S)−2−オキソ−3−(6−(トリフルオロメチル)キナゾリン−4−イルアミノ)ピロリジン−1−イル)シクロヘキシル)アセトアミドが結晶形である請求項1の化合物、またはその医薬的に許容される塩。
- 約22℃の温度で、5.5、9.1、12.1、14.0および19.2から選択される3つ以上の2θ値(CuKα λ=1.5418Å)を含む粉末X線回折パターンの特徴を有する、請求項1〜2のいずれか一つに記載の化合物の結晶又は請求項3に記載の結晶。
- 約22℃の温度で、5.5、9.1、12.1、14.0および19.2から選択される4つ以上の2θ値(CuKα λ=1.5418Å)を含む粉末X線回折パターンの特徴をさらに有する、請求項1〜2のいずれか一つに記載の化合物の結晶又は請求項3〜4のいずれか一つに記載の結晶。
- 請求項1〜2のいずれか一つに記載の化合物、および医薬的に許容される担体もしくは希釈剤を含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜2のいずれか一つに記載の化合物を含む、疾患の治療剤であって、該疾患が、糖尿病、肥満症、メタボリックシンドローム、脳卒中、神経因性疼痛、虚血性心筋症、乾癬、高血圧症、強皮症、骨関節炎、動脈瘤、発熱、循環器疾患、クローン病、うっ血性心不全、自己免疫疾患、HIV感染、HIV関連痴呆、乾癬、突発性肺線維症、移植動脈硬化症、物理的もしくは化学的に誘発した頭部外傷、炎症性腸疾患、肺胞炎、大腸炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、腎毒性血清腎炎、糸球体腎炎、喘息、多発性硬化症、アテローム性動脈硬化症、血管炎、不安定プラーク、関節リウマチ、再狭窄、静脈新生内膜過形成、透析−移植新生内膜過形成、動静脈シャント内膜過形成、臓器移植、慢性移植腎症、および癌から選択される治療剤。
- 該疾患が、糖尿病、肥満症、クローン病、全身性エリテマトーデス、糸球体腎炎、多発性硬化症、アテローム性動脈硬化症、再狭窄、および臓器移植から選択される、請求項9の治療剤。
- 該疾患が、多発性硬化症、アテローム性動脈硬化症、クローン病、および糖尿病から選択される、請求項9〜10のいずれか一つに記載の治療剤。
- 式(X):
X
を有する化合物の製造方法であって、
約−5〜約5℃の温度で、式Vの化合物のエステル部分を加水分解剤で加水分解して、化合物VIの酸を形成し:
酸触媒の存在下で、式VIaの化合物であるHO−Z−OHを式VIの化合物と反応させて(適宜、インサイチューで)、カルボン酸部分を有する式VIIの化合物を得て:
式VIIのケタールのカルボン酸部分を式VIII:
VIII
の対応のイソシアネートに変換し;
対応の酸無水物である(R10CO)2Oの存在下で、式VIIIのイソシアネートを式R10COWの化合物と反応させて、ケタール部分を有する式IX:
IX
のアミドを形成し;並びに
式IXのアミドのケタール部分を加水分解して、式Xの化合物を形成する段階を含むことを特徴とする方法
[上記の式中、
R1およびR2は独立して、水素、カルボベンジルオキシ(Cbz)基、tert−ブチルオキシカルボニル(BOC)基、フルオレニルメチルオキシカルボニル(FMOC)基、ベンジル(Bn)基またはp−メトキシベンジル(PMB)基であり;
R4およびR10は独立して、C1-6アルキルまたは適宜置換されたベンジルであり;
Wは、OHまたはOC1-6アルキルであり;
Zは、−(CT1T2)2−、−(CT1T2)3−、または
であり;並びに
T1、T2およびT3は各々独立して、水素、C1-4アルキル、C2-4アルケニル、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、シアノ、ニトロ、CF3、OC1-4アルキル、OCF3、およびC(=O)C1-4アルキルから選択される]。 - (7R,8S)−8−((3S)−3−(((ベンジルオキシ)カルボニル)アミノ)−2−オキソ−1−ピロリジニル)−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカン−7−カルボン酸、またはその塩;
((3S)−1−((7R,8S)−7−(アジドカルボニル)−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカ−8−イル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩;
((3S)−1−((7R,8S)−7−イソシアナト−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカ−8−イル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩;
((3S)−1−((7R,8S)−7−アセトアミド−1,4−ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デカ−8−イル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩;
((3S)−1−((1S,2R)−2−アセトアミド−4−オキソシクロヘキシル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩;並びに
((3S)−1−((1S,2R,4R)−2−アセトアミド−4−(tert−ブチルアミノ)シクロヘキシル)−2−オキソ−3−ピロリジニル)カルバミン酸ベンジル、またはその塩
から選択される化合物。
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| PCT/US2007/074377 WO2008014360A2 (en) | 2006-07-28 | 2007-07-26 | Modulators of chemokine receptor activity, crystalline forms and process |
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| KR20120135716A (ko) * | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-17 | 한미사이언스 주식회사 | 이중대칭 구조의 퀴나졸린 유도체 화합물 및 이의 용도 |
| EP2567959B1 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2014-04-16 | Sanofi | 6-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-styryl-1h-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amide derivatives as kinase inhibitors |
| US8669281B1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-03-11 | Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited | Prodrugs of fumarates and their use in treating various diseases |
| US20170202845A1 (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2017-07-20 | Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Prophylactic or therapeutic agent for a posterior ocular disease |
| CN110933946A (zh) * | 2017-07-20 | 2020-03-27 | 百时美施贵宝公司 | 用于制备N-((1R,2S,5R)-5-(叔丁基氨基)-2-((S)-3-(7-叔丁基吡唑并[1,5-a][1,3,5]三嗪-4-基氨基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)环己基)乙酰胺的方法 |
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